JP2002063990A - Luminescent equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a luminescent equipment applicable not only to a display but to optical communications or the like, which a spectral band width of luminescence wavelength is remarkably narrow compared with the conventional organic EL light-emitting element, which excels in wavelength selectivity, and emits light with directivity. SOLUTION: The luminescent equipment 1000 has, integrated on a substrate 10, a light-emitting element section 100 and a wave guide section 200 which transmits the light from the light-emitting element section 100. The light-emitting element section 100 formed on the substrate 10 includes a luminescent layer 14, a pair of electrode layers consisting of a cathode and an anode, and an optical component 300 which transmits light generated in the luminescent layer 14 in a given direction. The optical component 300 constitutes an imperfect photonic band the can retain natural discharge of three-dimension light. The light generated in the luminescent layer 14 is emitted, restrained with the natural three-dimensional emitting.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a light emitting device using EL (electroluminescence).

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, a semiconductor laser is used as a light source used in an optical communication system. A semiconductor laser is preferable because it has excellent wavelength selectivity and can emit a single-mode light, but requires many times of crystal growth and is not easy to fabricate.
Further, the semiconductor laser has a drawback that the light emitting material is limited and light of various wavelengths cannot be emitted.

Further, the conventional EL light emitting device has a wide spectral width of an emission wavelength and is applied to some uses such as a display body, but is used for an application requiring light with a narrow spectral width such as optical communication. Was unsuitable.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a light emitting device having a spectral width of an emission wavelength which is much narrower than that of a conventional EL light emitting device, and has directivity, which can be applied not only to a display but also to optical communication.
A light emitting device is provided.

[0005]

(First Light Emitting Device) A first light emitting device according to the present invention comprises a light emitting layer capable of emitting light by electroluminescence and a pair of electrodes for applying an electric field to the light emitting layer. And an optical member for propagating light generated in the light emitting layer in a predetermined direction, wherein the optical member includes first and second optical members, and wherein the first optical member is Forming an incomplete photonic band capable of restricting spontaneous emission of light in one or two dimensions, wherein the second optical member regulates at least one-dimensional light propagation, and light generated in the light emitting layer is: The light is emitted with the spontaneous emission in three dimensions restricted by the first and second optical members.

Here, the incomplete photonic band is
A band formed when a complete photonic band gap is not formed. For example, if the optical member is the first
When the medium layer and the second medium layer are alternately arranged and the difference in the refractive index between the first medium layer and the second medium layer is small, the photonic band gap is completely May not be formed.

According to this light emitting device, when electrons and holes are respectively injected into the light emitting layer from the pair of electrode layers, ie, the cathode and the anode, the electrons and holes are recombined in the light emitting layer, and the molecular Light is generated when returns to the ground state from the excited state. That is, in the light emitting layer, the electrons and holes are recombined to generate excitons, and when the excitons are deactivated, light such as fluorescence or phosphorescence is generated. Thus, light with a very narrow emission spectrum width can be obtained with high efficiency.

In this light emitting device, the optical member is configured such that the energy level of the emission spectrum of the light emitting layer includes the energy level of the band edge included in the band formed by the optical member.

That is, a band for light is formed by the optical member. In this band, a state with a high state density is obtained at a certain band edge energy. Here, the optical member is configured such that the energy level of the spectrum of light emitted in the light-emitting layer includes the energy level of the band edge, so that the light emission in the light-emitting layer is reduced by the energy of the band edge. It tends to occur at the level. Therefore, light having a wavelength corresponding to the energy level of the band edge and having a narrow spectrum width can be emitted, and a high-yield device can be obtained. The above points are described in the second and third embodiments described later.
The same applies to the light-emitting device.

As described above, the first optical member forms an incomplete photonic band. On the other hand, the second optical member may constitute an incomplete photonic band or a complete photonic band gap as long as it can regulate at least one-dimensional light propagation. It may be.

(Second Light Emitting Device) A second light emitting device according to the present invention includes a substrate and a light emitting element portion, wherein the light emitting element portion includes a light emitting layer capable of emitting light by electroluminescence, and the light emitting layer. A pair of electrode layers for applying an electric field to the layer, an optical member for propagating light generated in the light emitting layer in a predetermined direction, and disposed between the pair of electrode layers, and partially An insulating layer having an opening, and capable of functioning as a current confinement layer that defines a region where a current supplied to the light emitting layer flows through the opening, wherein the first and second optical members are provided. Wherein the first optical member constitutes an incomplete photonic band capable of restricting spontaneous emission of light in one or two dimensions;
Optical member regulates at least one-dimensional light propagation,
The light generated in the light emitting layer is emitted with spontaneous emission in three dimensions restricted by the first and second optical members.

According to the second light emitting device, since the insulating layer functions as a current confinement layer in the light emitting element portion, a region of a current supplied to the light emitting layer can be defined.
Therefore, current intensity and current distribution can be controlled in a region where light emission is desired, and light can be generated with high luminous efficiency.

When the insulating layer functions as a clad, assuming a waveguide composed of a light emitting layer as a core and an insulating layer as a clad, the optical member is formed by defining an opening of the insulating layer. The waveguide mode of the light propagating to the waveguide through the waveguide can be controlled. That is,
The insulating layer (cladding) regulates the width of the region where light is confined (the width in a plane perpendicular to the light traveling direction), thereby controlling the waveguide mode of light propagating in the light emitting layer (core). Can be set to a predetermined value. By setting the width of the light emitting layer and the width of the core layer to appropriate values, light in a desired mode is propagated from the light emitting element portion to the waveguide portion side with excellent coupling efficiency. In the light-emitting element portion, the light-emitting layer in the current confinement layer formed by the insulating layer may not always be in a uniform light-emitting state.
It is preferable that the design values of the members such as the light emitting layer and the waveguide are optimally adjusted based on the width of the core layer (light emitting layer) so that the coupling efficiency of each member becomes good.

By setting the width of the light emitting layer and the width of the core layer to appropriate values, light in a desired mode is propagated from the light emitting element portion to the waveguide portion with excellent coupling efficiency. In addition,
In the light emitting element portion, the light emitting layer in the current confinement layer formed by the insulating layer may not always be in a uniform light emitting state. It is preferable that the design values of each member such as the light emitting layer and the waveguide portion are optimally adjusted so that the coupling efficiency of each member is good based on the width.

[0015] The light emitting device preferably has a waveguide mode of about 0 to 1000, particularly about 0 to 10 for communication use. If the light guide mode of the light in the light emitting layer can be defined in this way, light of a predetermined guide mode can be obtained efficiently.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a light-emitting device with low light loss and high yield.

(Third Light Emitting Device) A third light emitting device according to the present invention integrally includes a light emitting element portion and a waveguide portion for transmitting light from the light emitting element portion on a substrate, The light emitting element section includes a light emitting layer capable of emitting light by electroluminescence, a pair of electrode layers for applying an electric field to the light emitting layer, and an optical member for propagating light generated in the light emitting layer in a predetermined direction. And an insulating layer disposed between the pair of electrode layers and capable of functioning as a clad layer, wherein the waveguide portion is a core layer integrally continuous with at least a part of the optical member, and An insulating layer and an optically continuous clad layer, wherein the optical member includes first and second optical members, and wherein the first optical member includes
Alternatively, an incomplete photonic band that can restrict spontaneous emission of light in two dimensions is formed, the second optical member regulates at least one-dimensional light propagation, and light generated in the light emitting layer is The light is emitted with the spontaneous emission in three dimensions restricted by the first and second optical members.

According to the third light emitting device, at least a part of the optical member of the light emitting element portion and the core layer of the waveguide portion are integrally and continuously formed, and the insulating layer (cladding layer) of the light emitting element portion is provided.
And the cladding layer of the waveguide section are integrally continuous with each other, so that the light emitting element section and the waveguide section are optically coupled with high coupling efficiency, and light can be efficiently propagated.

In the case of this configuration, a material that functions as a cladding layer for light having a predetermined wavelength is selected for the insulating layer. Further, according to the light emitting device having this configuration, since at least a part of the optical member of the light emitting element portion and the core layer of the waveguide portion can be formed and patterned in the same step, there is an advantage that the manufacturing is simplified. Similarly, since the insulating layer (cladding layer) of the light emitting element portion and the cladding layer of the waveguide portion can be formed and patterned in the same process, there is an advantage that manufacturing is simplified.

According to the present invention, the first and second
Has a substantially three-dimensional imperfect photonic band structure, has a much narrower spectral width of emission wavelength and has directivity as compared with the conventional EL light emitting element, and has only a display. Instead, a light emitting device that can be applied to optical communication and the like can be provided.

In the first, second and third light emitting devices, the opening can function as a current confinement layer and a cladding layer. It is preferable that the opening formed in the insulating layer is formed facing the optical member. The opening is a first optical member (described later).
It is desirable to have a slit shape extending in the periodic direction of, ie, the light guiding direction. Further, it is preferable that at least a part of the light emitting layer exists in an opening formed in the insulating layer. According to this configuration, the region of the light emitting layer to which a current is to be supplied and the region defined by the current constriction layer can be positioned in a self-aligned manner.

More specifically, the light emitting device according to the present invention can have the following configuration.

(A) The optical member, wherein the first optical member has a periodic refractive index distribution in at least two directions on an XY plane, forms an incomplete photonic band, The second optical member has a periodic refractive index distribution at least in the Z direction, and emits light in at least one direction on the XY plane of the first optical member.

This light emitting device has a first optical member for regulating the propagation of two-dimensional light on the XY plane, and a second optical member for regulating the propagation of one-dimensional light at least in the Z direction. With the combination of the above, light with a very narrow emission spectrum width in which spontaneous emission in three dimensions is restricted can be obtained in high yield.

(B) The second optical member only needs to have a periodic refractive index distribution in the Z direction. As the second optical member, for example, a diffraction grating-like structure, a multilayer film structure, a columnar or mosaic-like columnar structure, or a combination of these structures can be used.

Specifically, the second optical member includes a first optical member.
And a second medium layer, and the first medium layer and the second medium layer are alternately arranged to have a periodic refractive index distribution in the Z direction. The second optical member may have a periodic refractive index distribution in each of the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction. Alternatively, the second optical member may include a plurality of unit diamond structures.

(C) The first optical member only needs to be capable of forming an incomplete photonic band having a periodic refractive index distribution in the X and Y directions.

Specifically, the first optical member includes a columnar first medium layer arranged in a square lattice, and a second medium layer formed between the first medium layers. And a periodic refractive index distribution in the first and second directions. This first
With the optical member described above, an incomplete photonic band in which spontaneous emission in two directions is restricted on the XY plane can be configured.

Alternatively, the first optical member includes a columnar first medium layer arranged in, for example, a triangular lattice shape or a honeycomb shape, and a second medium formed between the first medium layers. And a periodic refractive index distribution in the first, second and third directions on the XY plane. With this first optical member, an incomplete photonic band in which spontaneous emission in at least three directions in the XY plane is restricted can be configured.

The light emitting device according to the present invention or the first optical member forming an incomplete photonic band capable of restricting the spontaneous emission of light in two dimensions, and the second optical member restricting propagation of at least one dimensional light Combined with the optical member of
A substantially three-dimensional imperfect photonic band is constituted. As a result, the light-emitting device of the present invention can obtain light with a very narrow emission spectrum width, in which three-dimensional spontaneous emission is restricted, in high yield.

(D) The first optical member may be formed in the opening. In this case, in the first optical member, one medium layer has the same material as the light emitting layer. According to this configuration, the area of the light emitting layer to which a current is to be supplied and the first optical member are in the same area, so that the current efficiency and the light emission efficiency are excellent.

(E) The light emitting layer preferably contains an organic light emitting material as a light emitting material. By using an organic light-emitting material, for example, a wider range of materials can be selected than when a semiconductor material or an inorganic material is used, and light of various wavelengths can be emitted.

(F) The core layer comprises at least the first
Can be continued to the formation region of the optical member.

(G) The laminated portion including the first optical member, the pair of electrode layers and the insulating layer constitutes a part of the second optical member.

Here, the laminated portion refers to a portion including the first optical member, the pair of electrode layers, and the insulating layer. The laminated portion may include a hole transport layer or an electron transport layer.

(H) At least the light emitting element portion can be covered with a protective layer.

(I) Further, at least one of a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer can be provided. In this case, in the optical member, the hole transport layer or the electron transport layer can constitute one medium.

Next, some of the materials that can be used for each part of the light emitting device according to the present invention will be described. These materials are only a part of known materials, and it is a matter of course that materials other than those exemplified can be selected.

(Light Emitting Layer) The material of the light emitting layer is selected from known compounds in order to obtain light having a predetermined wavelength. The material of the light emitting layer may be either an organic compound or an inorganic compound, but is preferably an organic compound from the viewpoint of abundant types and film-forming properties.

Examples of such an organic compound include aromatic diamine derivatives (TPD), oxydiazole derivatives (PBD), and oxydiazole dimers (OPD) disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-153967.
XD-8), distilarylene derivative (DSA), beryllium-benzoquinolinol complex (Bebq), triphenylamine derivative (MTDATA), rubrene, quinacridone, triazole derivative, polyphenylene, polyalkylfluorene, polyalkylthiophene, azomethine zinc complex , Porphyrin zinc complex, benzoxazole zinc complex, phenanthroline europium complex and the like can be used.

Examples of the material for the organic light emitting layer include JP-A-63-70257, JP-A-63-175860, JP-A-2-135361 and JP-A-2-13535.
No. 9, No. 3-152184, and further, No. 8-
Known materials such as those described in JP-A-248276 and JP-A-10-153967 can be used.
These compounds may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.

As inorganic compounds, ZnS: Mn (red region), ZnS: TbOF (green region), SrS: C
u, SrS: Ag, SrS: Ce (blue region), and the like.

(Optical Waveguide) Here, the optical waveguide includes a layer functioning as a core and a layer having a smaller refractive index than the core and functioning as a clad. Specifically, these layers include an optical member (core) and an insulating layer (cladding) of the light emitting element portion, a core layer and a cladding layer of the waveguide portion, and a substrate (cladding). The layers constituting the optical waveguide are:
Known inorganic materials and organic materials can be used.

Representative inorganic materials include, for example, T.I. disclosed in JP-A-5-273427.
iO ₂ , TiO ₂ —SiO ₂ mixture, ZnO, Nb ₂ O ₅ ,
Examples thereof include Si ₃ N ₄ , Ta ₂ O ₅ , HfO _{2, and} ZrO ₂ .

As typical organic materials, known resins such as various thermoplastic resins, thermosetting resins, and photocurable resins can be used. These resins are appropriately selected in consideration of a method of forming a layer and the like. For example, by using a resin that can be cured by at least one of heat and light energy, a general-purpose exposure apparatus, a baking furnace, a hot plate, or the like can be used.

As such a substance, for example, there is an ultraviolet curable resin disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 10-279439 filed by the present applicant. As UV-curable resin,
Acrylic resins are preferred. By using various commercially available resins and photosensitizers, it is possible to obtain an ultraviolet-curable acrylic resin which is excellent in transparency and can be cured by a short-term treatment.

Specific examples of the basic constitution of the ultraviolet-curable acrylic resin include a prepolymer, an oligomer and a monomer.

As the prepolymer or oligomer,
For example, acrylates such as epoxy acrylates, urethane acrylates, polyester acrylates, polyether acrylates, and spiroacetal acrylates; methacrylates such as epoxy methacrylates, urethane methacrylates, polyester methacrylates, and polyether methacrylates; Is available.

Examples of the monomer include 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, carbitol acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, isovol Monofunctional monomers such as nyl acrylate, dicyclopentenyl acrylate, and 1,3-butanediol acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate,
Bifunctional monomers such as neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, pentaerythritol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate,
Polyfunctional monomers such as pentaerythritol triacrylate and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate can be used.

As described above, the inorganic material or the organic material considering only the confinement of light has been exemplified. As a layer constituting the optical waveguide, when the structure of the light emitting element portion includes a light emitting layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer and an electrode layer, when at least one of these functions as a core or a clad, May be employed.

(Hole Transport Layer) When an organic light emitting layer is used in the light emitting element portion, a hole transport layer can be provided between the electrode layer (anode) and the light emitting layer as needed. As the material of the hole transport layer, a material used as a hole injection material of a known photoconductive material or a known material used for a hole injection layer of an organic light emitting device can be selected and used. The material of the hole transport layer is
It has either a function of injecting holes or a function of blocking electrons, and may be either an organic substance or an inorganic substance. As a specific example, see, for example,
No. 8276 can be exemplified.

(Electron Transport Layer) When an organic light emitting layer is used in the light emitting element portion, an electron transport layer can be provided between the electrode layer (cathode) and the light emitting layer as needed. The material of the electron transporting layer only needs to have a function of transmitting electrons injected from the cathode to the organic light emitting layer, and the material can be selected from known substances. Specific examples thereof include, for example, those disclosed in JP-A-8-248276.

(Electrode Layer) As the cathode, an electron-injecting metal, an alloy conductive compound, or a mixture thereof having a small work function (for example, 4 eV or less) can be used. Examples of such an electrode material include, for example, JP-A-8-
The one disclosed in JP-A-248276 can be used.

As the anode, a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound or a mixture thereof having a large work function (for example, 4 eV or more) can be used. When an optically transparent material is used for the anode, CuI, ITO, Sn
A conductive transparent material such as O ₂ or ZnO can be used. If transparency is not required, a metal such as gold can be used.

In the present invention, the method for forming the optical member is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used. Representative examples are shown below.

(A) Lithography Method A positive or negative resist is exposed and developed with ultraviolet rays, X-rays, or the like, and the resist layer is patterned to form an optical member. A patterning technique using a resist such as polymethyl methacrylate or a novolak resin is disclosed in, for example, JP-A-6-22411.
No. 5 and No. 7-20637.

As a technique for patterning polyimide by photolithography, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 7-181689 and 1-222141 and the like are known. Further, as a technique for forming an optical member of polymethyl methacrylate or titanium oxide on a glass substrate by using laser ablation, there is, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 10-59743.

(B) Method of Forming Refractive Index Distribution by Light Irradiation Light is irradiated at a wavelength that causes a change in the refractive index to the optical waveguide portion of the optical waveguide, and portions having different refractive indexes are periodically applied to the optical waveguide portion. The optical member is formed by forming. As such a method, it is particularly preferable to form an optical member by forming a layer of a polymer or a polymer precursor, partially polymerizing the layer by light irradiation or the like, and periodically forming regions having different refractive indexes. . Examples of this kind of technology include, for example, JP-A-9-31238, JP-A-9-178901, JP-A-8-15506, JP-A-5-297202, JP-A-5-32523, and JP-A-5-39480. JP-A-9-211728, JP-A-10-26702, JP-A-10-8300, and JP-A-2-5110
No. 1 publication.

(C) Stamping method Hot stamping using a thermoplastic resin (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.
No. 201907), stamping using an ultraviolet curable resin (Japanese Patent Application No. 10-279439), stamping using an electron beam curable resin (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7-235075).
The optical member is formed by stamping as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. H11-157, for example.

(D) Method by etching A thin film is selectively removed and patterned by lithography and etching to form an optical member.

The method of forming the optical member has been described above. In short, the optical member may be composed of at least two regions having different refractive indices. And a method of partially modifying a kind of material to form two regions having different refractive indexes.

Each layer of the light emitting device can be formed by a known method. For example, for each layer of the light emitting device, a suitable film forming method is selected depending on its material, and specific examples include a vapor deposition method, a spin coating method, an LB method, and an ink jet method.

[0063]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS [First Embodiment] (Device) FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a light emitting device 1000 according to the present embodiment, and FIG.
FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically showing
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 1-X1, and FIG.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line X-X2, and FIG.
3 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line YY in FIG. 2, and FIG. 9 is a plan view schematically showing a first optical member 12 included in the light emitting device 1000. FIG.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion indicated by reference numeral A1 in FIG. 4, and FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion indicated by reference numeral B1 in FIG.

The light emitting device 1000 includes a substrate 10, a light emitting element 100 and a waveguide 200 formed on the substrate 10.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, the light emitting element section 100 includes a dielectric multilayer film 11a, an anode 2
0, the first optical member 12, the organic light emitting layer 14, the cathode 22,
And a dielectric multilayer film 11b. As described later in detail, the first optical member 12 and the dielectric multilayer films 11a, 1
The optical member 300 is configured by the second optical member 11 made of a laminate including 1b.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the waveguide section 200 includes a dielectric multilayer film 11 a and a core layer 3 on a substrate 10.
0, a cladding layer 32 covering the exposed portion of the core layer 30;
And a dielectric multilayer film 11b. This waveguide section 20
A first electrode extraction part 24 and a second electrode extraction part 26 are disposed adjacent to the first electrode extraction part 24.

Further, in the present embodiment, the light emitting element 1
00, a protective layer 60 is formed. By covering the light emitting element section 100 with the protective layer 60, the deterioration of the cathode 22 and the light emitting layer 14 can be prevented. In the present embodiment, in order to form the electrode extraction portions 24 and 26, the surface of the waveguide portion 200 is exposed without forming the protective layer 60 on the entire light emitting device. The protective layer 60 may be formed so as to cover the entire light emitting device as needed.

Next, each component of the light emitting element section 100 will be described in detail.

The anode 20 of the light emitting element section 100 is made of an optically transparent conductive material and forms an optical member. The anode 20 and the core layer 30 of the waveguide section 200 are integrally and continuously formed. The transparent conductive material forming the anode 20 and the core layer 30 is ITO.
Such as described above can be used. Further, the insulating layer (cladding layer) 16 of the light emitting element unit 100 and the cladding layer 32 of the waveguide unit 200 are formed integrally and continuously. The material constituting the insulating layer 16 and the cladding layer 32 is not particularly limited as long as it is an insulating material, has a lower refractive index than the anode 20 and the core layer 30, and can confine light.

In the light emitting element section 100, the insulating layer 16
Is formed so as to cover at least the exposed portion of the first optical member 12, as shown in FIGS. Then, the insulating layer 16 is arranged in the direction of the period of the first optical member 12,
That is, it has a slit-like opening 16a extending in one direction (Y direction in this example) in which medium layers having different refractive indexes are periodically arranged. In this opening 16a, the anode 20 and the cathode 22 are arranged with the first optical member 12 and the light emitting layer 14 interposed therebetween. In regions other than the opening 16a, the anode 20 and the cathode 22
And an insulating layer 16 is interposed between them. Therefore, the insulating layer 16
Function as a current confinement layer. Therefore, the anode 20
When a predetermined voltage is applied to the cathode 22 and the opening 22, the opening 1
A current mainly flows in region CA corresponding to 6a. By providing the insulating layer (current confinement layer) 16 in this manner, current can be concentrated along the light waveguide direction, and luminous efficiency can be increased.

Next, the optical member 300 will be described.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view schematically showing a laminate constituting the optical member 300. FIG.

The optical member 300 is a member formed on the substrate 10, and includes the dielectric multilayer film 11a, the anode 20, the first
Optical member 12, insulating layer 16, light emitting layer 14, cathode 22,
And a laminate having the dielectric multilayer film 11b.

More specifically, the first optical member 12
As shown in FIG. 9, it is formed in a triangular lattice shape. The optical member 12 has a first medium layer 12 having a different refractive index.
0, 130 and the second medium layer 110 are arranged in a predetermined pattern, that is, the first medium layers 120, 130 are arranged in a triangular lattice. The materials of the first medium layers 120 and 130 and the second medium layer 110 are not particularly limited as long as they have a difference in refractive index. In the present embodiment, one first medium layer 120 is made of a material forming insulating layer 16, the other first medium layer 130 is made of a material forming light emitting layer 14 (light emitting portion 14a), and The second medium layer 110 is made of the same material as the material forming the insulating layer 112.

The first optical member 12 has a shape (dimension)
Photonic band that has a periodic refractive index distribution in the first, second, and third directions and that can restrict spontaneous emission of light in one or two dimensions based on the combination of media and media I do. Further, the first optical member 12 is configured so that the energy level of the emission spectrum of the light emitting layer 14 includes the energy level of the band edge included in the band formed by the first optical member 12. That is,
The first optical member 12 forms a band for light. This band is obtained with a high state density at a certain band edge energy. In the light emitting layer 14, the first optical member 12 is configured so that the spectrum of the emitted light includes the energy level of the band edge. Therefore, light emission in the light emitting layer 14 easily occurs at the energy level at the band edge. Accordingly, a device having a wavelength corresponding to the energy level of the band edge, emitting light with a narrow spectrum width, and having a high yield can be obtained.

In the first optical member 12, FIG.
As shown in (1) above, at least two dimensions (XY plane)
In the three directions (a, b, and c directions), the propagation of light is regulated, so that light is greatly confined and the efficiency of emitted light can be increased. Alternatively, light propagation can be restricted in the directions (a ′, b ′ and c ′ directions) shown in FIG. 9 (2). In this case, the pitch is twice as long as the case where the propagation of light is restricted in the direction shown in FIG. 9A.

The shape (dimensions) of the second optical member 11 is
It has a periodic refractive index distribution in the Z direction based on the combination of the medium and the medium, and regulates the propagation of one-dimensional light in a predetermined wavelength band. The second optical member 11 may constitute an incomplete photonic band or may constitute a complete photonic band gap as long as it can regulate at least one-dimensional light propagation. You may.

That is, the first optical member 12 and the second
Any of the optical members 11 may constitute an incomplete photonic band.

Alternatively, the first optical member 12 may constitute an incomplete photonic band, and the second optical member 11 may constitute a complete photonic band gap. In this case, light in the band constituted by the second optical member 11 cannot propagate in a direction controlled by the second optical member 11. So, in this case,
In the band constituted by the second optical member 11, the first
By designing so that the band edge of the optical member 12 is included, after light having a wavelength corresponding to the energy level of the band edge of the first optical member 12 is emitted,
This light can be emitted in a direction controlled by the second optical member 11.

When the second optical member 11 forms a complete photonic band gap, a defect (not shown) can be formed in the second optical member 11. in this case,
It is desirable to design so that the energy level of this defect does not exist in the emission spectrum of the light emitting layer 14.

The first optical member 12 is the second optical member 1
It is formed in the middle of one periodic direction (direction in which different medium layers are periodically repeated).

The second optical member 11 is the first optical member 1
2 and a dielectric multilayer film 11b formed above the first optical member 12
And The dielectric multilayer films 11a and 11b are respectively
First medium layer 210 and second medium layer 22 having different refractive indexes
0 are alternately arranged.

When the second optical member 11 forms a complete photonic band, as viewed in the Z direction, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 10, the anode 20 and the first optical member 1
2. The laminated portion 400 composed of the organic light emitting layer 14, the insulating layer 16, and the cathode 22 does not function as a defective portion of the second optical member 11 so that at least one pair of the second optical members 11 It is desirable to constitute. In this case, each layer constituting the laminated section 400 is almost optically transparent.

The first medium layer 210 and the second medium layer 220
May be any substance that can form a periodic distribution, and the material is not particularly limited.

In the present embodiment, light is confined in the Z direction by the second optical member 11, in particular, the dielectric multilayer films 11 a and 11 b above and below the laminated portion 400.

The strength of the light confinement of the optical member 300 is as follows.
The number of optical members can be controlled preferably by considering the number of pairs of optical members, the difference in the refractive index of the medium layer constituting the optical members, and the like.

The light emitting device 1000 according to the present embodiment
Light is confined by the first optical member 12 having incomplete photonic bands in the first, second, and third directions on the Y plane and the second optical member 11 having a periodic distribution in the Z direction. And three-dimensional light propagation is controlled. The propagation of light in the leak mode is allowed in other directions. In order to suppress the propagation of light in these leak modes,
If necessary, a clad layer or a dielectric multilayer mirror (not shown) can be provided for the purpose of confining light.
This is the same in other embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 2, the first electrode extraction portion 24 and the second electrode extraction portion 26 adjacent to the waveguide portion 200 are electrically connected by an insulating cladding layer 32 continuous with the insulating layer 16. Are separated. First electrode extraction unit 24
Is integrally continuous with the anode 20 of the light emitting element unit 100 and functions as an extraction electrode of the anode 20. The second electrode extraction portion 26 is formed so as to extend to the light emitting element portion 100 side, and a part thereof is electrically connected to the cathode 22. Therefore, the second electrode extraction part 26 functions as an extraction electrode of the cathode 22. In the present embodiment, the first and second electrode extraction portions 24 and 26 are formed in the same film forming process as the anode 20.

As for the method of manufacturing the first and second optical members 12 and 11 of the light emitting device 1000 and the materials constituting each layer, the above-described methods and materials can be used as appropriate. These manufacturing methods, materials, and configurations are the same in other embodiments described below.

(Device Operation) Next, the light emitting device 1
000 will be described.

When a predetermined voltage is applied to the anode 20 and the cathode 22, electrons are emitted from the cathode 22 and holes are emitted from the anode 20 via the hole transport layer 70, respectively.
4 is injected. In the light emitting layer 14, the electrons and holes are recombined to generate excitons, and when the excitons are deactivated, light such as fluorescence or phosphorescence is generated.
As described above, since the region CA (see FIG. 4) through which the current flows is defined by the insulating layer 16 interposed between the anode 20 and the cathode 22, the current is efficiently supplied to the region where light emission is desired. be able to.

The light generated in the light emitting layer 14 is introduced into the first optical member 12, and then propagates through the first optical member 12 toward its end face (on the side of the waveguide section 200).
Waveguide 200 formed integrally with anode 20
In the core layer 30 and exits from the end face. This emitted light is an optical member 3 mainly composed of a first optical member 12 forming a two-dimensional incomplete photonic band and a second optical member 11 having a periodic distribution in the Z direction.
00 regulates three-dimensional spontaneous emission. As a result, only light in a specific wavelength band is emitted, which has wavelength selectivity, a narrow emission spectrum width, and excellent directivity.

(Effects) The main effects of the present embodiment are as follows.

(A) According to the light emitting device 1000 of the present embodiment, the anode 20 and the cathode 22 are electrically connected via the light emitting portion 14a filled in the opening 16a of the insulating layer 16, and this opening is The region where the current flows is defined by the portion 16a. Therefore, the insulating layer 16 functions as a current confinement layer, can efficiently supply current to the light emitting region, and can increase luminous efficiency. By defining the current supply region by the current confinement layer (insulating layer 16), the light emitting region can be set in a state of being aligned with the core layer 30. From this point as well, the efficiency of light coupling to the waveguide portion 200 can be improved. Can be increased.

(B) According to the light emitting device 1000, as described above, electrons and holes are injected into the light emitting layer 14 from the cathode 22 and the anode 20, respectively, and the electrons and holes are recombined in the light emitting layer. Then, light is generated when the molecule returns from the excited state to the ground state. That is, in this process, a band for light is formed by the first optical member 12. This band is obtained with a high state density at a certain band edge energy. Here, since the first optical member 12 is configured so that the energy level of the spectrum of light emitted in the light emitting layer 14 includes the energy level of the band edge, the light emission in the light emitting layer 14 It easily occurs at the energy level of the band edge. Accordingly, light having a wavelength corresponding to the energy level of the band edge and having a narrow spectrum width can be emitted, and as a result, a high-yield device can be obtained.

(C) The anode 20 on which the first optical member 12 is formed and the core layer 30 of the waveguide section 200 are integrally continuous. Accordingly, the light emitting element unit 100 and the waveguide unit 200 are optically coupled with high coupling efficiency, and light can be efficiently transmitted. The anode 20 and the core layer 3
A value of 0 has the advantage of simplifying manufacturing because film formation and patterning can be performed in the same step.

The insulating layer (cladding layer) 16 of the light emitting element section 100 and the cladding layer 32 of the waveguide section 200 are integrally continuous. Thereby, the light emitting element unit 10
0 and the waveguide section 200 are optically coupled with high coupling efficiency, and light can be efficiently propagated. The insulating layer 16
Since the cladding layer 32 and the cladding layer 32 can be formed and patterned in the same process, there is an advantage that the manufacturing is simplified.

As described above, according to the light emitting device 1000 of the present embodiment, the light emitting element 100 and the waveguide 20
0 is connected with high coupling efficiency, so that highly efficient emitted light can be obtained.

(D) In the present embodiment, the first optical member 12 and the second optical member 11 can be made of an organic material or an inorganic material. Since the interface of the medium layer of the member is not in an irregular state or does not have a difficulty easily affected by impurities, excellent characteristics due to a photonic band gap can be obtained.

Further, when the medium layer constituting the optical member is formed of an organic material layer, it is easy to manufacture, and it is easy to obtain a periodic structure having a good refractive index, and it is possible to obtain a better photonic band gap. Characteristics are obtained.

(E) In the present embodiment, the organic light emitting layer 14
The light emitting device 1000 is excellent in that the interface of the light emitting layer is not in an irregular state as in the case of using a semiconductor or does not have a difficulty easily affected by impurities. The characteristics due to the photonic band gap are obtained.

The above operation and effect are the same in the other embodiments.

(Modification of Layer Structure) In the light emitting element portion, at least one of a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer can be provided as necessary. This variant is
The same applies to other embodiments.

For example, in the light emitting device 1000 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, by changing the position where the first optical member 12 and the light emitting layer 14 are formed or by providing another layer, the structure shown in FIGS. A light emitting device including the exemplified structure can also be adopted. In these drawings, the same members as those of the light emitting device 1000 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. Note that these modifications are
The same applies to other embodiments.

FIGS. 11 to 15 show modifications of the layer structure of the light emitting device according to the present embodiment (light emitting device 100).
1 to 1005).

(A) The light emitting device 1001 shown in FIG.
The light emitting device 1000 is different from the light emitting device 1000 in which the hole transport layer 70 is provided in that the stacked portion 400 does not include the hole transport layer 70.

The light emitting device 1001 comprises a substrate 10 and a substrate 1
0 on the stacked portion 400. Laminated part 400
Is formed by stacking the anode 20, the light emitting layer 14, and the cathode 22 on the substrate 10 in this order. Further, the first optical member 12 is formed on the anode 20.

Next, the operation of the light emitting device 1001 will be described.

When a predetermined voltage is applied to the anode 20 and the cathode 22, electrons are injected from the cathode 22 into the light emitting layer 14, and holes are injected from the anode 20 into the light emitting layer 14. In the light emitting layer 14, the electrons and holes are recombined to generate excitons, and when the excitons are deactivated, light such as fluorescence or phosphorescence is generated. The subsequent operation is substantially the same as that of the light emitting device 1000 shown in FIG.

(B) The light emitting device 1002 shown in FIG.
The first optical member 212 is different from the light emitting device 1000 shown in FIG. 1 in that the first medium layer 132 constituting the first optical member 212 is continuous with the hole transport layer 70. That is, in the light emitting device 1002, the formation position of the first optical member is the light emitting device 1 shown in FIG.
000.

The light emitting device 1002 comprises a substrate 10 and a substrate 1
0 on the stacked portion 400. Laminated part 400
Is formed by stacking the anode 20, the hole transport layer 70, the light emitting layer 14, and the cathode 22 on the substrate 10 in this order.

The first optical member 212 is formed on the anode 20. The first medium layer 132 of the first optical member 212 is formed continuously with the hole transport layer 70. That is, the hole transport layer 70 functions as a part of the first optical member 212 (first medium layer 132).

The operation, operation, and effect of the light emitting device 1002 are the same as those of the light emitting device 1000 shown in FIG.

In FIG. 12, the hole transport layer 7
Although the example in which the first optical member 212 is provided in the area 0 is shown, when the anode 20 is formed of a material other than a metal, for example, I
In the case of using TO, the first optical member can be formed from the hole transport layer 70 and the anode 20.

(C) The light emitting device 1003 shown in FIG.
The light emitting device 10 shown in FIG. 1 is different from the light emitting device 10 shown in FIG. 1 in that the electron transport layer 80 is included in the stacked portion 400 and that the first medium layer 320 forming the first optical member 312 is continuous with the electron transport layer 80.
Different from 00.

The light emitting device 1003 comprises a substrate 10 and a substrate 1
0 on the stacked portion 400. Laminated part 400
Is formed by stacking the anode 20, the hole transport layer 70, the light emitting layer 14, the electron transport layer 80, and the cathode 22 in this order. Further, a first optical member 312 is formed on the light emitting layer 14, and a second medium layer 320 constituting the first optical member 312 is formed continuously with the electron transport layer 80. That is, the electron transport layer 80 functions as a part of the first optical member 312 (the first medium layer 320).

Next, the operation of the light emitting device 1003 will be described.

When a predetermined voltage is applied to the anode 20 and the cathode 22, electrons are injected from the cathode 22 into the light-emitting layer 14 via the electron transport layer 80, and the hole transport layer 70 is Through the holes, holes are injected into the light emitting layer 14. In the light emitting layer 14, the electrons and holes are recombined to generate excitons, and when the excitons are deactivated, light such as fluorescence or phosphorescence is generated. The subsequent operation is almost the same as that of the light emitting device 1000 shown in FIG.

The light emitting device 1003 has the same operation and effect as the light emitting device 1000 shown in FIG. 1 and further includes the hole transport layer 70 and the electron transport layer 80, so that the hole and electron transport ability is improved. Can be achieved.

In FIG. 13, the electron transport layer 80
Although the example in which the first optical member 312 is provided therein is shown, when the cathode 22 is formed of a material other than metal, for example, diamond, the first optical member 312 is provided from the electron transport layer 80 and the cathode 22.
Can be formed. When the electron transport layer 80 is not formed, the first optical member can be formed using the cathode 22 and the light emitting layer 14.

(D) The light emitting device 1004 shown in FIG.
The light emitting device 1001 illustrated in FIG. 11 is similar to the light emitting device 1001 illustrated in FIG. 11 in that the stacked unit 400 includes the hole transport layer 170 and that the first medium layer 420 included in the first optical member 412 is continuous with the light emitting layer 140. Having a configuration. On the other hand, the first medium layer 420 constituting the first optical member 412 is the hole transport layer 1
The light emitting device 100 shown in FIG.
Different from 1.

The light emitting device 1004 comprises a substrate 10 and a substrate 1
0 on the stacked portion 400. Laminated part 400
Is formed by laminating the anode 20, the hole transport layer 170, the light emitting layer 140, and the cathode 22 in this order. The first optical member 412 is formed in a boundary region between the light emitting layer 140 and the hole transport layer 170. That is, the first optical member 412 includes the hole transport layer 170
Is formed by embedding a material for forming the light emitting layer 140 in the groove 13 provided on the upper surface of the substrate. Therefore, the first medium layer 42 constituting the first optical member 412
0 is continuous with the hole transport layer 170. Therefore, the hole transport layer 170 is a part of the first optical member 412 (the first optical member 412).
Function as a medium layer 420). Further, the second medium layer 420 forming the first optical member 412 is
Continuous. Therefore, the light emitting layer 140 functions as a part of the first optical member 412 (the second medium layer 420).

The operation, operation, and effects of the light emitting device 1004 are the same as those of the light emitting device 1000 shown in FIG.

(E) The light emitting device 1005 shown in FIG.
In that the first optical member 512 is not a gain-coupling type structure, the aforementioned light emitting devices 1000 to 100 having a gain-coupling type structure
4 and different. Further, the light emitting device 1005 includes
The light-emitting device 1001 has the same configuration as the light-emitting device 1001 shown in FIG. On the other hand, it differs from the light emitting device 1001 shown in FIG. 11 in that the first optical member 512 is formed on the substrate 10.

The light emitting device 1005 includes a substrate 10 and a substrate 1
0 on the stacked portion 400. Laminated part 400
Is formed by laminating the insulating layer 90, the anode 20, the hole transport layer 70, the light emitting layer 14, and the cathode 22 in this order.

The first optical member 512 includes a first medium layer 520 and a second medium layer 510, and has a refractive index coupling type structure. The first medium layer 520 includes:
The first optical member 12 shown in FIG. 1 is formed of the same material as the first medium layer 120. First medium layer 52
0 is continuous with the insulating layer 90. That is, the insulating layer 90
It functions as a part (first medium layer 520) of the first optical member 512.

The operation, operation, and effects of the light emitting device 1005 are almost the same as those of the light emitting device 1000 shown in FIG.

[Second Embodiment] FIG. 16 is a plan view schematically showing a light emitting device 2000 according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 17 is a sectional view taken along line XX in FIG. FIG. 18 is a sectional view taken along line YY in FIG. In the present embodiment, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description is omitted. In the present embodiment, the configuration of the optical member is different from that of the first embodiment. Hereinafter, points different from the first embodiment will be mainly described.

The light emitting device 2000 includes the light emitting element 100
And a waveguide section 200.

The light emitting element section 100 is shown in FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 1, a mosaic three-dimensional laminate 15a, an anode 20, a first optical member 12, an organic light emitting layer 1
4, a cathode 22, and a mosaic-shaped three-dimensional laminate 15b. As will be described in detail later, a second optical member 12 and a second mosaic-shaped three-dimensional laminate 15a, 15b
The optical member 300 is configured by the laminate including the optical member 15 of FIG. A first insulating layer 23 formed on the substrate 10 is arranged around the lower mosaic-shaped three-dimensional laminate 15a. Then, the anode 20 is formed on the first insulating layer 23.
Is arranged. Around the upper mosaic three-dimensional laminate 15b, a second insulating layer 27 formed on exposed surfaces of the anode 20, the insulating layer 16, and the cathode 14 is arranged.

The waveguide section 200 has a first insulating layer 23, a core layer 30, a cladding layer 32 covering an exposed portion of the core layer 30, and a second insulating layer 27 on the substrate 10. A first electrode extraction section 24 and a second electrode extraction section 26 are arranged adjacent to the waveguide section 200.

Next, each component of the light emitting element section 100 will be described in detail.

The anode 20 of the light emitting element section 100 and the waveguide section 2
Since the core layer 30 and the cladding layer 32 of 00 are the same as those of the first embodiment, detailed description will be omitted.

The insulating layer (cladding layer) 16 is arranged in one direction (Y direction in this example) in which the periodic direction of the first optical member 12, that is, the medium layers having different refractive indexes are periodically arranged.
It has a slit-shaped opening 16a extending in the direction. And
The difference from the first embodiment is that the first optical member 12 is formed in the opening 16a. In a region other than the opening 16a, the insulating layer 16 is interposed between the anode 20 and the cathode 22. Therefore, the insulating layer 16
Like the first embodiment, it functions as a current confinement layer.
Therefore, when a predetermined voltage is applied to the anode 20 and the cathode 22, a current flows through the first optical member 12 in the opening 16a. By providing the insulating layer (current confinement layer) 16 in this manner, current can be concentrated in the light waveguide direction, and luminous efficiency can be increased.

Next, the optical member 300 will be described.
FIG. 19 is a perspective view schematically showing a laminate constituting the optical member 300.

The optical member 300 is a member formed on the substrate 10 and includes a mosaic-like three-dimensional laminate 15a, an anode 20, a first optical member 12, an insulating layer 16, a light emitting layer 14,
It is composed of a laminate having a cathode 22 and a mosaic-like three-dimensional laminate 15b.

The shape (dimensions) of the first optical member 12 is
It has a periodic refractive index distribution in the first, second, and third directions based on the combination of the media and the medium, and forms an incomplete photonic band.

[0138] More specifically, the first optical member 12 is
As in the first embodiment, they are formed in a triangular lattice. This first optical member 12 has a different refractive index,
The second medium layer 110 and the second medium layer 110 have a predetermined pattern, that is, the first medium layer 120 is arranged in a triangular lattice shape. In the present embodiment, the first medium layer 120
Is composed of a substance constituting the light emitting layer 14 and becomes a part of the light emitting layer 14. The second medium layer 110 is made of a material constituting the insulating layer 16.

In the example shown in FIG.
Mosaic-like three-dimensional laminates 15a and 15b that constitute 0
Has a periodic structure in which first layers 50a and second layers 50b are alternately arranged in the Z direction. In FIG. 19, in order to clarify the configuration of the mosaic three-dimensional laminates 15a and 15b, the mosaic three-dimensional laminates 15a and 15b
15b is described with an increased thickness. The second optical member 15 is composed of the mosaic three-dimensional laminates 15a and 15b. The second optical member 15 may be one that constitutes an incomplete photonic band or one that constitutes a complete photonic band gap as long as it can regulate at least one-dimensional light propagation. You may.
The first layer 50a has a columnar first medium layer 21 in the Y direction.
0 and columnar second medium layers 220 are alternately arranged. In the second layer 50b, columnar third medium layers 230 and columnar fourth medium layers 240 are alternately arranged in the X direction. Then, when the adjacent lower first layer 50a and the upper first layer 50a are compared, the medium layers 210 and 220
Are shifted from each other. Similarly, an adjacent lower second layer 50b and an upper second layer 50b
Compared with the above, the boundaries between the medium layers 230 and 240 are arranged in a state shifted from each other.

Therefore, the optical member 300 has a periodic refractive index distribution in each of the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction, and forms an incomplete photonic band for a predetermined wavelength band in all directions. . Note that at least one of the first and second medium layers 210 and 220 and the third and fourth medium layers 230 and 240 may be formed of the same material or different materials. May be.

The periodic structure according to this embodiment has the
00, the mosaic three-dimensional laminates 15a, 15b
In each of the above, a periodic refractive index distribution is formed in the X direction or the Y direction for each of the layers constituting them.

In the case where the second optical member 15 forms a complete photonic band, the anode 2
0, the first optical member 12, the light emitting layer 14, the laminated portion 400 including the insulating layer 16 and the cathode 22 do not function as a defective portion of the second optical member 15. It is desirable to configure at least one pair of gratings. In this case, each layer constituting the laminated section 400 is optically transparent.

The first medium layer 210 and the second medium layer 220 constituting the mosaic three-dimensional laminates 15a and 15b are each a substance capable of forming an incomplete photonic band by a periodic distribution. Well, the material is not particularly limited. Further, the first and second insulating layers 23, 2
7 (see FIGS. 17 and 18) is a mosaic-shaped three-dimensional laminate 1
It may be the same material as one medium layer constituting 5a, 15b. Then, the first and second insulating layers 23, 2
When 7 functions as a protective layer, it is not necessary to further provide a protective layer.

The band edge of the incomplete photonic band in the direction other than the Y direction of the first optical member 12 is set so as not to be included in at least the wavelength band of the emission spectrum by current excitation of the light emitting layer 14. In other words, the light generated by the first optical member 12 is directed to directions other than the Y direction on the XY plane and to the mosaic three-dimensional laminates 15a and 15b.
Are set so as not to propagate in the X, Y, and Z directions.

Looking at this from the point of confinement of light, X-
In directions other than the Y direction on the Y plane, light is confined by setting the light confinement state in directions other than the Y direction to be stronger than the light confinement state in the Y direction. Then, in the Z direction, light is confined by the second optical member 15, that is, the mosaic-shaped three-dimensional laminates 15a and 15b formed above and below the laminate 400.

The strength of the light confinement of the optical member 300 is as follows.
The number of optical members can be controlled preferably by considering the number of pairs of optical members, the difference in the refractive index of the medium layer constituting the optical members, and the like.

The light emitting device 2000 of the present embodiment has
A first optical member 12 having incomplete photonic bands in the first, second and third directions on the Y plane, and a second optical member having a periodic refractive index distribution in the X direction or the Y direction for each layer. Since light is confined by the member 15, three-dimensional light propagation is controlled.

The first electrode take-out section 24 and the second electrode take-out section 26 adjacent to the waveguide section 200 are the same as in the first embodiment.

(Operation of Device) Next, the light emitting device 2
000 will be described.

When a predetermined voltage is applied to the anode 20 and the cathode 22, electrons are emitted from the cathode 22, holes are emitted from the anode 20, and the light emitting portion 14a (the first optical member 1).
Injected in 2). The mechanism for generating light in the light emitting section 14a and the mechanism for transmitting light in the first optical member 12 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and therefore will not be described.

Then, the light generated in the first optical member 12 propagates toward the waveguide section 200 side, and further, the core layer of the waveguide section 200 formed continuously and integrally with the anode 20. The light propagates through 30 and exits from its end face. This emitted light is composed of a first optical member 12 forming an incomplete photonic band and a second optical member 15 having a periodic refractive index distribution in the X direction or the Y direction for each layer. Three-dimensional spontaneous emission is regulated by the imperfect photonic band in three dimensions. As a result, only light in a specific wavelength band is emitted, which has wavelength selectivity, a narrow emission spectrum width, and excellent directivity.

(Operation and Effect) The main operation and effect of this embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment, and the following operation and effect can be achieved.

(A) The mosaic-shaped three-dimensional laminates 15a and 15b constituting the second optical member 15
5a and 15b (the first and second layers 50
a, 50b) has a periodic refractive index distribution in each of the X direction and the Y direction. Therefore, as compared with the first embodiment, the light is more reliably confined in the vertical direction, and the efficiency is high.

(B) The first optical member 12 has an opening 16
a. Then, the first optical member 12
The first medium layer 120 constitutes a part of the organic light emitting layer 14. According to this configuration, the light emitting section 14a from which light is generated
And the first optical member 12 are in the same region, so that current efficiency and luminous efficiency are excellent.

The shape and arrangement of the medium layer are not limited to those described above. For example, the second optical member 1
Mosaic three-dimensional laminates 15a and 15b constituting
May have a periodic structure in which the first medium layers 210 and the second medium layers 220 are alternately arranged in the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction. In this case, that is, on any surface, the first medium layer 210 and the second medium layer 220 are arranged in a mosaic pattern, and the second optical member 15 is arranged in the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction. Each has a periodic refractive index distribution.

[Third Embodiment] FIG. 20 is a sectional view schematically showing a light emitting device 3000 according to the present embodiment. In this embodiment, the same parts as those in the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. In the present embodiment, the configuration of the optical member is different from the first and second embodiments. Hereinafter, points different from the first and second embodiments will be mainly described. FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of the light emitting element portion corresponding to FIGS. 4 and 17.

As shown in FIG. 20, in the light emitting element portion, an optical member 300 having a diamond structure is provided on a substrate 10. In this example, the optical member 300 moves three times in the Z direction.
The unit diamond structures D1, D2, and D1 of the layers are stacked, and when viewed from the XY plane, the unit diamond structures have a structure in which three rows are arranged vertically and three rows are arranged horizontally. The periphery of the optical member 300 is surrounded by the first insulating layer 23 below the anode 20 and by the second insulating layer 27 above the anode 20.

The optical member 300 includes the first optical member 12.
And a second optical member D100 including this and having a diamond structure.

[0159] The second optical member D100 has a first unit diamond structure D1 and a second unit diamond structure D2. Then, in this example, the second optical member D100 includes the first unit diamond structure D1 (1
The layer has nine first unit diamond structures D1), the second unit diamond structure D2 (the second layer has
Nine second unit diamond structures D2) and first unit diamond structures D1 (in the third layer, 9
First unit diamond structures D1. ).

As shown in FIG. 21, the first unit diamond structure D1 has a first medium layer 210 at a portion corresponding to a lattice point of the diamond structure. First medium layer 2
The second medium layer 220 is formed between the layers 10.

FIG. 23 and FIG. 24 are a perspective view showing a unit diamond structure and a plan view showing lattice points. FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a state where the unit diamond structure D1 is viewed from the front surface of FIG. In FIG. 21, reference numerals (see FIG. 24) corresponding to the levels L1 to L5 of the respective grid points are given. As shown in these figures, the unit diamond structure has five lattice points 1 at the first level (L1).
To the second level (１ ／ pitch) (L2) and two grid points 2 to the third level (２ pitch) (L3).
Number of grid points 3 are set to a fourth level (3/4 pitch) (L
4) has two grid points 4 and a fifth level (4/4 pitch) (L5) has five grid points 5.

The unit diamond structure D1 is shown in FIG.
5 have periodic refractive index distributions in a plurality of plane directions defined by Г-KLKX 'and Г-LW'-K' of the Brillouin zone, respectively. Light is confined.

As shown in FIG. 22, the second unit diamond structure D2 has a partial lattice, specifically, a level L2.
And a laminated portion 400 is formed in the portion of L3. FIG. 22 shows the center second unit diamond structure D2.

The first optical member 12 has a shape (dimension).
3 for a given wavelength band based on
It becomes part of the diamond structure that forms the imperfect photonic band.

More specifically, the first optical member 12
As shown in FIG. 22, the first medium layer 1 having a different refractive index
20 and the second medium layer 110 are arranged in a predetermined pattern. In the present embodiment, the first medium layer 120 is made of a substance constituting the light emitting layer 14 and also functions as the light emitting layer 14. The second medium layer 110 is made of a material constituting the insulating layer 16.

The first optical member 12 forms an incomplete photonic band, as in the first and second embodiments. Further, the optical member 300 including the first and second optical members 12 and 11 can restrict spontaneous emission of light in three dimensions.

Looking at directions other than the light emission direction (X direction in this example), the laminated portion 400 composed of the anode 20, the first optical member 12, the insulating layer 16 and the cathode 22 has a Is set so as not to function as a defective portion of the unit diamond structure D2. Other second unit diamond structures D2 are similarly configured.

The first medium layer 210 and the second medium layer 220 constituting the unit diamond structures D1 and D2 may be any substances that can form a periodic distribution, and the materials are not particularly limited. . The first and second insulating layers 23 and 27 are formed of unit diamond structures D1 and D2.
May be the same as the material of one medium layer 220 that constitutes the above.

In the present embodiment, the first optical member 12
Also function as the light emitting layer 14. In one direction (for example, the X direction) of the first optical member 12, the energy level of the emission spectrum of the light emitting layer 14 is determined by the energy of the band edge included in the band formed by the first optical member 12. First to include the level
Is formed. On the other hand, directions other than the X direction of the first optical member 12 and the second optical member D
The omnidirectional photonic band gaps of the 100 Brillouin zones each have at least an organic light emitting layer 14.
Is set to include the wavelength band of the emission spectrum due to the current excitation. That is, it is set so that the light generated by the first optical member 12 does not propagate in all three-dimensional directions other than the X direction. The second optical member D100 may be formed in a range that can substantially contribute to confinement of light.

The strength of the light confinement of the optical member 300 is as follows.
The number of optical members can be controlled preferably by considering the number of pairs of optical members, the difference in the refractive index of the medium layer constituting the optical members, and the like.

(Operation of Device) Next, the light emitting device 3
000 will be described.

When a predetermined voltage is applied to the anode 20 and the cathode 22, electrons are emitted from the cathode 22, holes are emitted from the anode 20, and the light emitting layer 14 (the first optical member 12).
Injected into. The mechanism of generating light in the light emitting layer 14 and the mechanism of light propagation in the first optical member 12 and the waveguide section 200 are the same as those in the first and second embodiments, and thus description thereof is omitted.

The outgoing light is transmitted to the second
The three-dimensional spontaneous emission is regulated by the three-dimensional imperfect photonic band composed of the optical member D100. As a result, only light in a specific wavelength band is emitted, which has wavelength selectivity, a narrow emission spectrum width, and excellent directivity.

(Effects) The main effects of this embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment, and the following effects can be achieved.

(A) The second optical member D100 has a diamond structure, and forms a photonic band gap for a predetermined wavelength band in all directions. Therefore, compared to the first embodiment, the light is more securely confined in three dimensions, and high efficiency is achieved.

(B) The first optical member 12 has an opening 16
a. Then, the first optical member 12
The first medium layer 120 constitutes a part of the organic light emitting layer 14. According to this configuration, the organic light emitting layer 14 from which light is generated
And the first optical member 12 are in the same region, so that current efficiency and luminous efficiency are excellent.

(Modification of Optical Member) In the above embodiment, the first optical member 12 is replaced with the first optical member 12 shown in FIGS.
The structure illustrated in (b) can also be adopted. In these drawings, the same members as those shown in FIG. 9 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

(A) FIG. 26A shows an example in which the optical member is formed in a honeycomb shape. In the case of this optical member, propagation of light is restricted in three dimensions (a, b, and c directions) in two dimensions, and confinement with an arbitrary polarization is possible.

(B) FIG. 26B shows an example in which the optical members are formed in a square lattice shape. Even in such a square lattice-shaped optical member, light propagation is restricted in two two-dimensional directions (a and b directions).

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a light emitting device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view schematically showing the light emitting device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line X1-X1 in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line X2-X2 in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line X3-X3 in FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line YY of FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion indicated by reference numeral A1 in FIG.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion indicated by reference numeral B1 in FIG.

FIG. 9 is a plan view schematically showing a first optical member included in the light emitting device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a plan view schematically showing an optical member constituting the light emitting device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a view showing a modification of the layer structure including the first optical member.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a modification of the layer structure including the first optical member.

FIG. 13 is a view showing a modification of the layer structure including the first optical member.

FIG. 14 is a view showing a modification of the layer structure including the first optical member.

FIG. 15 is a view showing a modification of the layer structure including the first optical member.

FIG. 16 is a plan view schematically showing a light emitting device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

17 is a sectional view taken along line XX of the plan view shown in FIG. 16;

FIG. 18 is a sectional view taken along line YY in the plan view shown in FIG.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view showing an optical member constituting a light emitting device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a sectional view schematically showing a light emitting device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

21 is a view schematically showing a first unit diamond structure of an optical member constituting the light emitting device shown in FIG. 20.

22 is a diagram schematically showing a second unit diamond structure of the optical member constituting the light emitting device shown in FIG.

23 is a perspective view showing a unit diamond structure of the light emitting device shown in FIG.

24 is a plan view showing a unit diamond structure of the light emitting device shown in FIG.

FIG. 25 is a diagram showing a Brillouin zone having a diamond structure.

FIGS. 26 (a) and 26 (b) are diagrams showing modified examples of the optical member.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Substrate 11 2nd optical member 11a, 11b Dielectric multilayer film 12, 212, 312, 412, 512 1st optical member 13 Groove 14, 140 Light emitting layer 14a Light emitting part 15 2nd optical member 15a, 15b Mosaic shape Three-dimensional laminated body 16 Insulating layer (cladding layer, current confinement layer) 16a Opening 20 Anode 22 Cathode 23 First insulating layer 24, 26 Electrode extraction part 27 Second insulating layer 30 Core layer 32 Cladding layer 50a First Layer 50b Second layer 60 Protective layer 70, 170 Hole transport layer 80 Electron transport layer 90 Insulating layer 100 Light emitting element section 110, 131, 310, 410, 510 Second medium layer 112 Insulating layer 120, 132, 320, 420 , 520 first medium layer 130 first medium layer 200 waveguide section 210 first medium layer 220 second medium layer 230 Medium layer 240 fourth medium layer 300 optical member 400 laminated unit 1000,1001,1002,1003,1004,
1005, 2000, 3000 Light emitting device D1 First unit diamond structure D2 Second unit diamond structure D100 Second optical member

Claims (23)

[Claims] A light emitting layer capable of emitting light by electroluminescence; a pair of electrode layers for applying an electric field to the light emitting layer; and an optical member for propagating light generated in the light emitting layer in a predetermined direction. The optical member includes first and second optical members, the first optical member constitutes an incomplete photonic band capable of restricting spontaneous emission of light in one or two dimensions. The second optical member regulates the propagation of at least one-dimensional light, and the light generated in the light-emitting layer is emitted with three-dimensional spontaneous emission restricted by the first and second optical members. , Light emitting device. 2. A light emitting element comprising: a substrate; and a light emitting element, wherein the light emitting element is capable of emitting light by electroluminescence, a pair of electrode layers for applying an electric field to the light emitting layer, and the light emitting element. An optical member for propagating light generated in the layer in a predetermined direction, disposed between the pair of electrode layers, and having an opening in a part thereof, to the light emitting layer through the opening. An insulating layer that can function as a current confinement layer that defines a region through which the supplied current flows; wherein the optical member includes first and second optical members; Forming an incomplete photonic band capable of restricting spontaneous emission of light in two dimensions, the second optical member restricts propagation of at least one-dimensional light, and light generated in the light emitting layer is By the first and second optical members. A light emitting device that emits light with restricted spontaneous emission in three dimensions. 3. The optical device according to claim 2, further comprising: a waveguide unit integrally formed with the light emitting element unit, wherein the waveguide unit includes a core layer that is integrally continuous with at least a part of the optical member. Including an insulating layer and an optically continuous cladding layer,
Light emitting device. 4. A light-emitting element portion and a waveguide portion for transmitting light from the light-emitting element portion are integrally formed on a substrate, wherein the light-emitting element portion includes a light-emitting layer capable of emitting light by electroluminescence, A pair of electrode layers for applying an electric field to the light emitting layer, an optical member for propagating light generated in the light emitting layer in a predetermined direction, and a cladding layer disposed between the pair of electrode layers. An insulating layer that can function, the waveguide section includes a core layer that is integrally continuous with at least a part of the optical member, and a cladding layer that is optically continuous with the insulating layer. The optical member includes first and second optical members, wherein the first optical member forms an incomplete photonic band capable of restricting spontaneous emission of light in one or two dimensions, and the second optical member At least one member Restricting the original light propagation, the light generated in the light emitting layer, the spontaneous emission is emitted is constrained in three dimensions by the first and second optical members, the light emitting device. 5. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein an energy level of an emission spectrum of the light emitting layer includes an energy level of a band edge included in a band formed by the optical member. A light emitting device in which a member is configured. 6. The first optical member according to claim 1, wherein the first optical member has a periodic refractive index distribution in at least two directions on an XY plane, and forms an incomplete photonic band. The light emitting device, wherein the second optical member has a periodic refractive index distribution at least in the Z direction, and emits light in at least one direction on the XY plane of the first optical member. 7. The light emitting device according to claim 6, wherein the second optical member has a periodic refractive index distribution in a Z direction. 8. The light emitting device according to claim 6, wherein the second optical member has a periodic refractive index distribution in the X, Y, and Z directions. 9. The light emitting device according to claim 6, wherein the second optical member has a plurality of unit diamond structures. 10. The light emitting device according to claim 6, wherein the laminated portion including the first optical member, the pair of electrode layers, and the insulating layer forms a part of the second optical member. apparatus. 11. The incomplete photonic band according to claim 6, wherein the first optical member forms an incomplete photonic band having a periodic refractive index distribution in the X and Y directions. A light-emitting device in which a structure forming a nick band includes a first medium layer in a columnar shape arranged in a square lattice and a second medium layer formed between the first medium layers. 12. The incomplete photo as claimed in claim 6, wherein the first optical member has a periodic refractive index distribution in the first, second, and third directions in the XY plane. A light-emitting device that forms a nick band and has a structure that forms the incomplete photonic band includes a columnar first medium layer and a second medium layer formed between the first medium layers. . 13. The light emitting device according to claim 12, wherein the first medium layer of the optical member is arranged in a triangular lattice. 14. The light emitting device according to claim 12, wherein the first medium layer of the optical member is arranged in a honeycomb shape. 15. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the light emitting layer is present in the opening formed in the insulating layer. 16. The optical element according to claim 6, wherein the insulating layer has the opening facing the first optical member, and the opening is the first optical member. A light-emitting device having a slit shape extending in the periodic direction. 17. The light emitting device according to claim 6, wherein the first optical member is formed in the opening. 18. The light emitting device according to claim 6, wherein the first optical member has a single medium layer constituting a part of the light emitting layer. 19. The light emitting device according to claim 6, wherein the core layer is continuous with at least a formation region of the first optical member. 20. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein at least the light emitting element portion is covered with a protective layer. 21. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the light emitting layer includes an organic light emitting material as a light emitting material. 22. The light emitting device according to claim 1, further comprising at least one of a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer. 23. The light-emitting device according to claim 22, wherein the optical member includes a hole transport layer or an electron transport layer that constitutes one medium.