JP2001011431A - Friction material member - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a friction material member which has an excellent wear resistance, excellent friction properties under a high-load condition and an improved oxidation resistance, heat resistance, strength and fade resistance and inhibits damages of the opponent materials and squeaks, by adding silver and nickel and/or aluminum to a conventional friction material member comprising an organic or inorganic friction material member, especially by adding an optimum amount of silver to an inorganic friction material. SOLUTION: This member is prepared by adding a silver-containing substance and a nickel-containing substance and/or aluminum-containing substance to a friction material composition containing at least one chosen from a metal, an alloy, a metal compound, an intermetallic compound and a resin as a matrix and at least one chosen from a lubricating substance, a rigid substance, a friction-adjusting substance, a pH-adjusting substance and a reinforcement as a filler. Here, the silver-containing substance comprises at least one chosen from silver, a silver alloy and a silver-containing compound, the nickel- containing substance comprises nickel and/or a nickel alloy, and the aluminum- containing substance comprises aluminum and/or an aluminum alloy.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to an organic friction material composition containing an inorganic substance in a resin as a main component, or an inorganic friction material composition (a metallic friction material) containing an inorganic substance such as a metal or an alloy as a main component. Material composition),
The present invention relates to a friction material member used as a clutch material or a brake material, and particularly to a friction material member most suitable as an inorganic friction material member.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, a friction material member is made of an organic friction material in which fillers such as metals, alloys, and ceramics, which are lubricating substances, hard substances, friction adjusting substances, pH adjusting substances, and reinforcing substances, are combined with a resin such as phenol. Material members are also broadly classified into inorganic friction material members in which fillers such as lubricating substances, hard substances, friction adjusting substances, pH adjusting substances, reinforcing substances, and the like are combined with metals or alloys. Among them, the inorganic friction material member is mainly composed of a matrix forming powder such as a metal or an alloy, and a filler such as a lubricating material, a hard material, a friction adjusting material, a pH adjusting material, and a reinforcing material in a specific composition range is added thereto. It is obtained by blending, forming a green compact from this compounded substance, and sintering the green compact.

[0003] Of these friction material members, a typical one relating to an organic friction material member is disclosed in JP-A-7-19.
No. 7966 and Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 7-23738 have been proposed. Further, as for inorganic friction material members, there are Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 8-284990 and 8-291834 as typical ones proposed as containing silver in the friction material member.

[0004]

Of these conventional friction material members, JP-A-7-197966 and JP-B-7-23738 disclose a phenolic resin containing a friction adjusting substance, a lubricating substance, a filling substance and the like. An added organic friction material is disclosed. JP-A-8-28499, which is an inorganic friction material member containing silver.
No. 0 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-291834 disclose coarse particles in a friction material comprising at least one matrix among metals, alloys, and intermetallic compounds, and other fillers. It is disclosed that silver can be selected as coarse particles.

Among these, the organic friction material members disclosed in JP-A-7-197966 and JP-B-7-23738 have a low friction coefficient at high temperatures (thermal fade phenomenon) and a low friction coefficient due to moisture. There is a problem that deterioration (water fade phenomenon) is large and abrasion is large.
In addition, although the friction materials disclosed in JP-A-8-284990 and JP-A-8-291834 are disclosed to selectively contain silver, they require silver, and require silver and other materials. It is not disclosed as a synergistic effect when it is contained in combination with the above-mentioned substance, and similarly to a conventional inorganic friction material member, the wear resistance (under a relatively low energy, low temperature range to a high temperature range) in use conditions ( Specific wear)
There is a problem that can not be satisfied. The use conditions at this time include, for example, when the relative sliding speed is low, the absorbed energy per unit area is small, the heat capacity is large, and the temperature of the friction interface is low in the relationship between the friction material member and the mating material. is there. Also, on the contrary, high energy,
Under the conditions of use in a high temperature range, the conventional friction material member has a problem that the specific wear amount increases or the friction coefficient sharply decreases.

The present invention has solved the above-mentioned problems. Specifically, silver, nickel and / or aluminum are contained in a conventional friction material made of an organic friction material or an inorganic friction material. In particular, the optimal amount of silver contained in the inorganic friction material has excellent wear resistance, excellent friction characteristics under high load conditions, oxidation resistance, heat resistance, It is an object of the present invention to provide a friction material member which has increased strength and fade resistance, suppresses damage to a mating material, and suppresses squeal.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems The inventors of the present invention have been improving friction material members, particularly inorganic friction material members for many years, and have found that a suitable amount of silver is contained in the friction material members. The inventor has found that the silver is simultaneously contained in combination with nickel and / or aluminum and that the wear resistance under high load use conditions is remarkably improved, thereby completing the present invention.

That is, the friction material member of the present invention comprises at least one of a metal, an alloy, a metal compound, an intermetallic compound, and a resin as a matrix, a lubricating substance, a hard substance, a friction adjusting substance, a pH adjusting substance, and a reinforcing material. The friction material composition containing at least one of the materials as a filler contains a silver-containing material, a nickel-containing material and / or an aluminum-containing material, and the silver-containing material is silver, a silver alloy, and a silver-containing material. At least one of the compounds, wherein the nickel-containing substance is nickel and / or a nickel alloy, and the aluminum-containing substance is aluminum and / or an aluminum alloy.

[0009]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION When the silver-containing substance in the friction material member of the present invention is composed of a single silver, a silver alloy composed of silver and another metal element, specifically, for example, an Ag-Si alloy,
Ag-Pb alloy, Ag-Mg alloy, Ag-Mn alloy, A
g-Mo alloy, Ag-Ni alloy, Ag-Cu alloy, Ag
-Co alloy, Ag-Cr alloy, Ag-Al alloy, Ag-
Ce alloy, Ag-Sn alloy, Ag-Ti alloy, Ag-Z
When it is composed of one or more of an n alloy, an Ag-Zr alloy, and a mutual alloy containing two or more of these, as a silver-containing compound, specifically, for example, Ag ₂ S (illuminite), AgCl (silverite), etc. The case where it is contained can be mentioned as a typical example.

[0010] Of the nickel-containing substance and / or aluminum-containing substance contained simultaneously with the silver-containing substance, when the nickel-containing substance is composed of a single nickel, a nickel alloy composed of nickel and another metal element;
Specifically, for example, a Ni—Co alloy, a Ni—Cr alloy,
Ni-Cu alloy, Ni-Fe alloy, Ni-Al alloy, N
i-Sn alloy, Ni-Zn alloy, Ni-Si alloy, Ni
A typical example is a case of at least one of an -Ag alloy and a mutual alloy including two or more thereof. When the aluminum-containing substance is made of single aluminum, an aluminum alloy composed of aluminum and another metal element, specifically, an Al-Si alloy, an Al-Cr alloy, an Al-Ti alloy, or an Al-Fe alloy , An Al-Co alloy, an Al-Ni alloy, an Al-Sn alloy, an Al-Zn alloy, an Al-Ag alloy, and a mutual alloy containing at least two of these alloys. it can.

[0011] Of the materials constituting the friction material member,
The silver content is, as a substantial effect, 20% by weight or less in terms of silver based on the entire friction material member. However, since it is an expensive substance, the silver content is as small as possible. And it is preferably contained to such an extent that the effect is not reduced. In this sense, the content is preferably 5% by weight or less in terms of silver with respect to the whole friction material composition, particularly preferably in terms of silver. It preferably contains 0.005 to 3% by weight of a silver-containing substance.

This silver-containing substance is to contain silver, nickel and / or aluminum together in a small amount and to maximize its effect. Alloy (hereinafter referred to as
(Described as "Ag-Ni-Al alloy").

The contents of silver and nickel and / or aluminum are 20% by weight or less in terms of silver and 63% by weight or less in terms of nickel and nickel, respectively. It is preferable that the content of the substance is not more than 15% by weight in terms of aluminum. In particular, when it is contained as an Ag-Ni-Al alloy, silver is 0.05 to 25% by weight and nickel is 67 to 89% by weight based on the whole Ag-Ni-Al alloy.
When aluminum has a ratio of 8 to 15% by weight, the friction material characteristics from the low temperature range to the high temperature range described above are excellent, and a friction material member excellent in wear resistance and durability can be obtained. This is preferable.

[0014] When the Ag-Ni-Al alloy is contained in an amount of 0.5 to 70% by weight based on the whole friction material composition, the wear resistance in a wide range from a low load to a high load is improved. This is preferable because the characteristics of the friction material member including the above are improved, and the durability is improved. The Ag-Ni-Al alloy has an average particle size of 50 to 300.
When the thickness is set to μm, the effect of durability is remarkable, and it also works as an effect of suppressing stick slip and suppressing damage to a mating material, which is preferable. Furthermore, this Ag-Ni-Al alloy has a Vickers hardness of 100 to 300 HV at 25 ° C, and when the hardness at 500 ° C is equal to or higher than the hardness at 25 ° C, the effect is remarkable, so that it is preferable. That is.

Matrix in the friction material of the present invention
Is a matrix contained as a conventional friction material
Is not particularly limited, and specifically
Is, for example, Cu, Ni, Fe, Co, Sn, Ti, M
gold represented by g, Mn, Si, W, Mo, Zn, Al
Metals, alloys containing them, NiSi_Two, TiSi_Two, TiA
l _Three, NiAl_Three, CuAl_Two, Ni_ThreeAl, Co_ThreeAl,
Zr_ThreeAl, Fe_ThreeAl, FeAl_ThreeTypified by metal
Compound, phenolic resin, epoxy resin, polyimide resin
Oil, polyamide resin and polyamide-imide resin
A thermosetting resin. This
Of these matrices, copper, nickel, cobalt,
At least one of iron, tin, zinc and alloys containing them.
If the matrix consists of one type as the main component,
This is preferable because the fruits are high. This matrix
Contains 20 to 95% by weight of the entire friction material member
Is preferable.

The filler as another component of the matrix can use a conventional filler, and is not particularly limited. Specifically, for example, barium sulfate, talc, diatomaceous earth , Serpentine,
Co - box, MgO, Fe ₂ O _3, the friction modifying materials as typified by _{TiO 2, SiO 2, AlN,} Al 2 O 3, Si 3 N 4,
SiC, B ₄ C, mullite, 4a, 5a, 6 of the periodic table
Hard substances typified by carbides, nitrides, oxides, silicides of group a metals and their mutual solid solutions, graphite, Mo
Lubricating substances represented by S ₂ , WS ₂ , BaF ₂ , CaF ₂ , hBN, PbO, fluorinated graphite, pulp fiber, rayon fiber, carbon fiber, silica-alumina fiber, potassium titanate fiber, carbonized At least one selected from a reinforcing material typified by various fibers exemplified by silicon fibers and boron fibers or various whiskers, and a pH adjusting substance typified by calcium carbonate, calcium oxide and barium oxide.
Those consisting of seeds can be mentioned.

[0017] These fillers mentioned above are lubricating substances,
Although the hard material, the friction adjusting material, the pH adjusting material, and the reinforcing material have been exemplified, these are, for example, when the lubricating material exerts the effect of the friction adjusting material, the hard material exerts the effect of the reinforcing material. Of course, there is no problem when it is exerted, or when it is contained as having the opposite effect.

[0018]

The friction material member of the present invention has a low energy and a low temperature because it contains a silver-containing substance, and particularly contains a silver-containing substance, a nickel-containing substance, and an aluminum-containing substance in combination. When used under the conditions of use in the range, the lubrication effect is enhanced, and the effect of improving the frictional force and the abrasion resistance of other substances such as fillers act synergistically to reduce the wear of the friction material member itself. It improves quantity and increases durability. When the silver-containing material, the nickel-containing material, and the aluminum-containing material are contained in the friction material composition in the form of an Ag-Ni-Al alloy, the temperature is lower than the normal temperature (low temperature). Because of its high hardness, it alone has the synergistic effect of improving lubrication, friction and wear resistance, and this effect is exhibited from low to high temperatures. Especially this Ag-N
When the i-Al alloy is composed of coarse particles, the synergistic effect is remarkably exhibited.

[0019]

EXAMPLE 1 Commercially available Cu powder, Sn powder, and graphite powder were used, and the weight was 64% Cu-6% Sn.
-15% graphite to 15% (Ag-Ni-Al) powder was weighed and mixed. The mixed powder thus obtained was press-formed at 200 MPa using a powder press to obtain a pressed product. This pressed compact is heated at 800 ° C. under 1.5 MPa load.
After sintering for -60 minutes, Examples 1 to 10 as the friction material member of the present invention were obtained. Similarly, 74.9% Cu by weight
-7.1% Sn-17.5% Graphite 0.5%
(Ag-Ni-Al) powder was weighed, and the others were as in Example 1.
In the same manner as in Examples 10 to 10, a friction material member of Example 11 of the present invention was obtained. Further, similarly, 22.7 by weight
% Cu-2.1% Sn-5.2% Graphite 70%
(Ag-Ni-Al) was weighed to the powder, and the others were
The processing was performed in substantially the same manner as in Nos. 10 to 10 to obtain Example 12 which was the friction material member of the present invention. (Ag-Ni-
Al) powder is commercially available Ni powder, Al powder, A
g powder was blended in a predetermined ratio, dissolved in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and then produced by a gas atomizer.

For comparison, 64% Cu-6% Sn by weight
Comparative product 1 was prepared by weighing -15% graphite to 15% (Ni-Al) powder and producing other components in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 10. A comparative product 2 was prepared by weighing 64% Cu-6% Sn-15% graphite 15% Al powder by weight and producing other powders in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 10. Further, the weight was weighed to 64% Cu-6% Sn-15% graphite 15% Ag powder by weight.
A product manufactured in the same manner as in No. 10 to No. 10 was designated as Comparative product 3.

Examples 1 to 1 of the product of the present invention thus obtained
Friction tests 1 and 2 were carried out for 2 and comparative products 1 to 3. The conditions of the friction test 1 were as follows: 0.5 MPa load, 3 m / s
The ec sliding speed and the initial temperature of the friction partner plate were adjusted to 25 ° C, and the maximum temperature was adjusted to 100 ° C. The condition of the friction test 2 is 0.
A load of 5 MPa, a sliding speed of 20 m / sec, and a friction partner plate were adjusted to 350 ° C. The friction mating plates in the friction tests 1 and 2 were as described in Examples 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11,
12 and comparative products 1 to 3 were cast iron having a hardness of 270 HV at 25 ° C., Examples 1 and 8 were steel materials of 190 HV, Example 5 was a steel material of 120 HV, and Examples 4, 6, and 7 were 310 HV.
Tool steels were used. At this time, the temperature of the friction partner plate was adjusted with cooling water, cold air, and a heater. In the evaluation of the friction tests 1 and 2 at this time, the amount of wear when the friction partner plate and each friction material member were slid for 5 minutes was obtained.

Of the respective components of Examples 1 to 12 and Comparative Products 1 to 3, Ag and N with respect to the whole (Ag-Ni-Al)
Table 1 shows the contents of i and Al. Further, Examples 1 to
The Vickers hardness at 25 ° C. and 500 ° C. of the (Ag—Ni—Al) powder used in Comparative Example 1 and the (Ni—Al) powder used in Comparative Product 1 and the average particle size thereof were determined, and the results are also shown in Table 1. did. Table 2 shows the respective contents of Ag, Ni and Al with respect to the entire friction material member among the components of Examples 1 to 12 and Comparative products 1 to 3. And
Using each of the friction material members of Examples 1 to 12 and Comparative Products 1 to 3, the specific wear amounts according to the friction tests 1 and 2 described above are also shown in Table 2.

[0023]

[Table 1]

[0024]

[Table 2]

[0025]

[Example 2] Of the composition components of Example 2 in Example 1, (Ag-Ni-Al) was replaced with (3% Ag-
97% Ni), (3% Ag-97% Al), (3% Ag
-84.2% Fe-12.8% Al), (3% Ag-8
4.2% Ni-12.8% Ti) were added, and the other components were treated in the same manner as in Example 2 to obtain friction material members of Examples 13, 14, 15 and 16 of the present invention. Example 17 was obtained by adding 15% by weight of the (Ag-Ni-Al) powder used in Example 2 to silicon rubber, phenol resin, polyamide fiber and diatom as conventional organic friction material composition components. Was. As a result of the friction tests 1 and 2 performed on these Examples 13 to 17 in the same manner as in Example 2, almost the same tendency as in Example 2 was shown.

[0026]

The friction material member of the present invention has a lower specific wear amount from low load to high load, has less chipping damage, and suppresses the squealing state, as compared with a comparative product which is a conventional friction material. It has a remarkably excellent abrasion resistance, has little effect on abrasion damage of a mating material during friction, has high durability, and has a long life. Therefore, the friction material member of the present invention can be used for automobiles, electric bicycles, aircraft, trains,
As a friction material member for a braking device such as a brake and a clutch in various other industrial machines, it is highly likely to be applicable to various uses such as a brake lining, a disk pad, a clutch facing, a brake shoe, and is an industrially useful material. .

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference) 3J058 BA34 BA41 BA73 GA44 GA46 GA49 4F071 AA01 AB03 AB07 AB08 AB09 AB12 AD06 AE11 AE12 AE17 DA01 DA14 DA18

Claims (13)

[Claims] 1. A matrix comprising at least one of a metal, an alloy, a metal compound, an intermetallic compound and a resin, and at least one of a lubricating substance, a hard substance, a friction adjusting substance, a pH adjusting substance and a reinforcing substance. The friction material composition contained as a filler contains a silver-containing substance, a nickel-containing substance and / or an aluminum-containing substance,
A friction material member in which the silver-containing substance is at least one of silver, a silver alloy and a silver-containing compound, the nickel-containing substance is nickel and / or a nickel alloy, and the aluminum-containing substance is aluminum and / or an aluminum alloy. 2. The friction material member according to claim 1, wherein the silver-containing substance is contained in an amount of 20% by weight or less in terms of silver based on the whole friction material composition. 3. The friction material member according to claim 1, wherein said nickel-containing substance is contained in an amount of 63% by weight or less in terms of nickel with respect to the whole friction material composition. 4. The aluminum-containing substance is 15% by weight in terms of aluminum based on the whole friction material composition.
The friction material member according to claim 1, which contains: 5. The friction material member according to claim 1, wherein the friction material composition contains the silver-containing material, the nickel-containing material, and the aluminum-containing material. 6. An Ag—Ni—Al alloy containing silver, aluminum and nickel, wherein the silver-containing material is silver, the aluminum-containing material is aluminum, and the nickel-containing material is nickel. The friction material member according to claim 5, which is formed. 7. The Ag—Ni—Al alloy contains 0.05 to 25% by weight of silver and 67% of nickel with respect to the whole alloy.
7. The friction material member according to claim 6, wherein the friction material member comprises -89% by weight and 8-15% by weight of aluminum. 8. The friction material member according to claim 6, wherein said Ag-Ni-Al alloy is contained in an amount of 0.5 to 70% by weight based on the whole friction material composition. 9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the Ag—Ni—Al alloy has an average particle diameter of 50 to 300 μm.
Item 3. The friction material member according to item 1. 10. The friction material member according to claim 6, wherein the Ag—Ni—Al alloy has a Vickers hardness at 25 ° C. of 100 to 300 HV. 11. The friction material member according to claim 1, wherein the matrix contains at least one of copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, tin, zinc and an alloy containing these. . 12. The friction material composition according to claim 1, wherein the matrix comprises 20 to 95% by weight of the whole friction material composition.
2. The friction material member according to claim 1. 13. The friction material member according to claim 1, wherein said filler contains at least one lubricating substance among graphite, carbon, and coke.