JP2001070929A - Solar heat-photocell hybrid type desalination apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To respond to indefinitely varying solar energy and to eliminate clogging due to the precipitation of salt components. SOLUTION: In an apparatus, a water supply/cooling tank 1, an evaporation tank 2, and a solar heat-photocell combination panel 3 are provided. Raw water is supplied to the tank 1 by a water supply pump 5, water in the tank 1 is led to the heat collecting part 26 of the panel 3 by water head and heated, and the heated water is led to the tank 2 by water head and evaporated and condensed by a condenser 4. In this way, the raw water is made to flow by water head to facilitate response to indefinitely varying solar energy, and clogging due to salt components precipitated in the heat collecting part 26 and the condenser 4 is eliminated. There is no factor which causes clogging in the evaporation tank 2, and clogging due to salt components can be eliminated.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solar heat and photovoltaic hybrid desalination system that uses sea energy and river water or lake marsh wastewater that cannot be used as it is for domestic use by utilizing the energy of both solar heat and photovoltaic cells. Related to the device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the settlements of developing countries, there is a fact that fresh water for domestic use is insufficient together with electricity. There is a demand for a low-cost apparatus that can perform maintenance and repair easily without using external power or human power as much as possible and that supplies power and fresh water simultaneously.

[0003] As a conventional desalination apparatus using solar energy, for example, there is one disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-220031. In brief, source water pumped by a pump driven by a photovoltaic cell is guided and heated by a coil of a cooler, and further guided and heated by a condensing heat exchanger. The heated source water is supplied to the gap between the solar cell constituting the photovoltaic power generator and the jacket type pervaporation membrane attached to the back surface thereof. Then, the solar cell is cooled by the sensible heat of the source water and the latent heat when a part of the water evaporates.
The source water is separated into steam that has evaporated and passed through the pervaporation membrane, and concentrated water that has become highly concentrated salt water due to evaporation.The concentrated water is led to a concentrated water heat exchanger, and heat exchange is performed with the concentrated heat exchanger. Discard later. On the other hand, the steam that has passed through the permeable membrane is cooled by a cooler to become fresh water.

[0004]

In the above conventional example, the source water passes through the cooler, the condenser, the pervaporation membrane and the inside of the coil of the cooler and the condenser by the pump pressure. There are issues. In other words, when the source water containing a large amount of salt is heated and forcedly circulated by the pump pressure, the source water becomes supersaturated in the coil, and the salt is deposited and adheres to the inner wall of the coil, and the coil may be clogged. is there. Then, once the coil is clogged, it is necessary to replace the coil. This replacement requires techniques such as cutting of the coil, bending of the coil, connection of the coil by welding, and the like. If there is no such technique, there is a problem that the use of this device becomes impossible. . In addition, since evaporation is performed using a jacket-type pervaporation membrane, there is a problem that the possibility of salt precipitation in the jacket is further increased, and the use of the apparatus becomes impossible. Another problem is that it takes time for the evaporated vapor to pass through the pervaporation membrane.

When the source water is caused to flow by the pump pressure, the pump must be driven at all times. Therefore, it is difficult to cope with a power source of a solar cell using solar energy that changes indefinitely.

The present invention provides a solar heat and photovoltaic hybrid desalination apparatus capable of coping with uncertainly fluctuating solar energy, eliminating clogging due to salt precipitation, and desalinating in a short time. Is what you do.

[0007]

Means for solving the above problem, which is understood from the description of claim 1, is to provide a water supply / cooling tank, an evaporation tank and a solar / photovoltaic cell combined panel, and to use a water supply pump to supply power. Supply water to the water supply / cooling tank,
The water in the water supply / cooling tank is guided by the water head pressure to the heat collecting part of the solar thermal / photovoltaic cell combined panel to raise the temperature, and the heated source water is guided to the evaporation tank by the water head pressure to evaporate, and the evaporated vapor Is condensed to make fresh water, and the water supply pump is driven by the electric power generated by the solar / photovoltaic cell combined panel.

[0008] The means as understood from the second aspect is characterized in that a condenser is provided in the water supply / cooling tank, and the vapor evaporated in the evaporation tank is guided to the condenser to be condensed.

[0009] A means grasped from the third aspect is characterized in that a combustion plate is provided below the evaporating tank.

[0010] Next, a means understood from the description of claim 4 is to provide a condenser in the water supply / cooling tank, guide the vapor evaporated in the evaporation tank to the condenser, and condense the condensed fresh water. It is stored in a sealed fresh water tank, and the inside of the fresh water tank is set to a vacuum pressure.

Next, the means grasped from the fifth aspect is characterized in that an overflow for keeping the water level of the water supply / cooling tank constant is provided.

[0012] The means to be grasped from the sixth aspect is characterized in that the heat collecting surface of the solar thermal / photovoltaic cell combined panel is made of sheet glass, and this sheet glass is detachably attached to the heat collecting part.

Next, a description will be given of how the problem is solved by means grasped from the description of each claim. First, in the means grasped from the description of claim 1, a water supply / cooling tank, an evaporation tank and a solar / photovoltaic cell combined panel are provided, and a water supply pump supplies water to the water supply / cooling tank, and water is supplied at a head pressure.・ Water in the cooling tank is guided to the heat collecting part of the solar thermal / photovoltaic cell combined panel to raise the temperature. As the temperature rises, the salt becomes unsaturated. Then, since the heated source water is guided to the evaporation tank at the head pressure to evaporate, there is no element to be clogged even when concentrated in the evaporation tank.Fresh water obtained by condensing the evaporated steam contains salt and sand. Contains no impurities. Since the water supply pump consumes only power to pump the water supply / cooling tank, the water supply pump can be sufficiently driven by the electric power generated by the solar heat / photovoltaic cell combined panel.

Next, in the means grasped from the second aspect, a condenser is provided in the water supply / cooling tank, and the vapor evaporated in the evaporation tank is guided to the condenser to condense, thereby obtaining fresh water. . The water supply / cooling tank is open type, and the temperature rise is prevented by the latent heat of vaporization of the water supply.
The condenser can be cooled. The supply of the source water to the water / cooling tank is performed by the water supply pump, and the stirring effect improves the uniformity and the cooling effect of the source water in the water / cooling tank.

Next, in the means grasped from the third aspect, by providing a combustion plate below the evaporating tank, the shortage of solar heat can be compensated.

[0016] Next, in the means grasped from the fourth aspect, a condenser is provided in the water supply / cooling tank, and the vapor evaporated in the evaporating tank is guided to the condenser to condense, and the condensed fresh water is condensed. It is stored in a sealed fresh water tank, and the inside of the evaporation tank can be made a vacuum pressure by making the inside of the fresh water tank a vacuum pressure, and the evaporation is made efficient.

[0017] Next, in the means grasped from the fifth aspect, by providing an overflow for keeping the water level of the water supply / cooling tank constant, the liquid level in the evaporation tank is always kept constant. And continuous operation becomes possible.

Next, according to the means grasped from the sixth aspect, the heat collecting surface of the solar thermal / photovoltaic cell combined panel is made of sheet glass, and this sheet glass is detachably attached to the heat collecting part, so that the sheet glass can be easily obtained. And the sheet glass can be easily replaced.

[0019]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. First, in the embodiment of the present invention grasped from the description of claim 1, a water supply / cooling tank 1, an evaporation tank 2 and a solar / photovoltaic cell combined panel 3 are provided in FIG. Water is supplied to the water supply / cooling tank 1 and the water in the water supply / cooling tank 1 is heated at
It is led to the heat collecting part of the photovoltaic cell composite panel 3 and heated, and the heated source water is led to the evaporation tank 2 at the head pressure H1 to be evaporated,
The evaporated vapor is condensed by the condenser 4 to make fresh water, and the water supply pump 5 is driven by the electric power generated by the combined solar / photovoltaic cell panel 3.

Next, an embodiment of the present invention as understood from the description of the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
A condenser 4 is provided therein, and the vapor evaporated in the evaporation tank 2 is led to the condenser 4 and condensed.

Next, according to the embodiment of the present invention which can be understood from the description of claim 3, a combustion plate 7 is provided below the evaporating tank 2 in FIG.

Next, an embodiment of the present invention which can be understood from the description of the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
The condenser 4 is provided therein, and the vapor evaporated in the evaporating tank 2 is guided to the condenser 4 to condense. The condensed fresh water is stored in the sealed fresh water tank 6, and the inside of the fresh water tank 6 is evacuated. .

Next, an embodiment of the present invention, which can be understood from the description of claim 5, is shown in FIG.
An overflow 14 is provided to keep the water level constant.

Next, according to the embodiment of the present invention which can be understood from the description of claim 6, the heat collecting surface 20 of the combined solar / photovoltaic panel shown in FIG. 3 is made of sheet glass, and as shown in FIG. It is detachably attached to the heat collector 26 using the glass attachment frame 22.

[0025]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below.
In FIG. 1, this device comprises a water supply / cooling tank 1, a sealed evaporation tank 2 and a solar / photovoltaic cell combined panel 3.
It is mainly composed of The water supply / cooling tank 1 is installed such that its liquid level is equal to the height H1 from the ground GL. As a result, a head pressure corresponding to the liquid level height H1 works,
The water in the water supply / cooling tank 1 through the inlet pipe 16 is supplied to the heat collecting portion 26 of the solar / photovoltaic cell combined panel 3 and the evaporating tank 2.
Will be satisfied.

The liquid level of the evaporation tank 2 becomes the same as the liquid level of the water supply / cooling tank 1 due to the head pressure. Therefore, by adjusting the liquid level in the water supply / cooling tank 1, the liquid level in the evaporation tank 2 can be adjusted at the same time, and the inside of the heat collecting section 26 is prevented from being empty. This prevents the salt from being supersaturated in the heat collecting section 26. That is, even if the temperature of the source water containing salt is raised (below the boiling temperature) in the heat collector 26, the source water is maintained in a state in which the source water is filled without evaporating in the heat collector 26. Is in an unsaturated state, and salt does not precipitate in the heat collecting section 26.
The installation height of the evaporation tank 2 is determined so that a space (evaporation chamber) is formed on the liquid surface of the evaporation tank 2.

As shown in FIG. 4, the solar thermal / photovoltaic cell combined panel 3 has a solar cell 21 provided on the surface of a panel 24 and a plate glass 23 attached to a hole 25 formed in the panel 24 with a plate glass mounting frame 22. The formed heat collecting surface 20 (Fig. 3) and the panel
A heat collecting portion 26 is formed by filling a heat storage steel mesh 27 for improving heat transfer on the back surface of the heat collecting portion 26. Also, as shown in FIG.
The upper portion of the heat collecting section 26 is connected to the upper header 13. In addition, the lower header 12 where the source water including salt and gravel easily accumulates is provided with an inspection hole 29,
By detaching the detachably attached cover plate 28, it is possible to check, for example, salt deposition and the like. If the plate glass 23 on the heat collecting surface 20 is broken,
, And the plate glass 23 can be easily replaced.

At the lower part of the evaporating tank 2, a combustion plate 7 is provided. For example, firewood or dried animal droppings are burned on the combustion plate 7 to change the heat collecting surface 20 on the fluctuating heat collecting surface 20. Make up for the lack of heat collection. Alternatively, the combustion plate 7 may be used as a means for increasing the amount of fresh water by activating the evaporation in the evaporation tank 2. In this case, since the fluctuation of the liquid level in the evaporation tank 2 becomes large, it is possible to monitor the liquid level of the water supply / cooling tank 1 and maintain the liquid level.

Next, the flow of source water containing salt will be described. Feeding water containing salt by water supply pump 5
The water in the water supply / cooling tank 1 is supplied to the water supply / cooling tank 1 through the heat collecting section 26 of the solar / photovoltaic cell combined panel 3 at a head pressure corresponding to the height H1, and the temperature is increased. The heated source water is guided to the evaporation tank 2 via the outlet pipe 17 at a head pressure corresponding to the height H1 and evaporated, and the evaporated steam is taken out to the condenser 4 via the steam extraction pipe 18 and condensed. Vessel 4
And collected in the fresh water tank 6. And solar heat
The electric power generated by the photovoltaic cell composite panel 3 is taken out by the electric wiring 11 and the water supply pump 5 is driven.

As described above, since the flow of the source water in the apparatus system is performed at the head pressure, the water supply pump 5 merely pumps the source water to the water supply / cooling tank 1, and the power consumption can be reduced. it can. Further, as an advantage of using the head pressure, while the liquid level of the water supply / cooling tank 1 is maintained, the drive of the water supply pump 5 becomes unnecessary, and desalination can be performed without using any electric power. Therefore, it is easy to respond to fluctuations in solar energy, and the surplus power can be used as power for daily living.

The water supply / cooling tank 1 and the evaporating tank 2 are connected by a pipe, and a water level adjusting valve 9 is provided.
Water supply / cooling tank 1 without passing through photovoltaic cell composite panel 3
Is directly put into the evaporation tank 2. Thus, for example, when exchanging the plate glass 23 of the heat collecting section 26, the source water can be directly poured into the evaporation tank 2 and firewood or the like can be fired on the combustion plate 7 to make it desalinated. The source water stored in the evaporation tank 2 is concentrated. Then, when salt is deposited and deposited, labor is required to remove it. In such a case, water is directly supplied from the water supply / cooling tank 1 to the bottom of the evaporating tank 2 before the salt is deposited, the salt is diluted, and the discharge valve 8 is opened to discharge. And
Salt can be obtained from the discharged high concentration source water. Also, a drain valve 10 is provided at the bottom of the water supply / cooling tank 1.
And drain the water supply / cooling tank 1 as necessary. The condenser 4 is provided inside the water / cooling tank 1. As a result, the steam flowing through the condenser 4 is cooled by the source water stored in the feedwater / cooling tank 1 and the source water stored in the feedwater / cooling tank 1 due to the latent heat of the steam. The temperature is raised and thermal energy is recovered.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the fresh water tank 6 shown in FIG. 1 is an open type, whereas the fresh water tank 6 is made a closed type and a vacuum pipe 19 is connected to evacuate the inside of the fresh water tank 6. It is made to be. Thus, the freshwater tank 6
, The evaporating tank 2 can be evacuated via the condenser 4, and the evaporation in the evaporating tank 2 can be activated to increase the production of fresh water.
For example, a fan or a small compressor is connected to the vacuum pipe 19. Further, an overflow pipe 14 is provided in the water supply / cooling tank 1 to enable continuous operation. The other parts are the same as those of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.

Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described.
In FIG. 1, a water supply / cooling tank 1, an evaporation tank 2 and a solar / photovoltaic cell combined panel 3 are provided, and a water supply pump 5 supplies water to the water supply / cooling tank 1 at a head pressure corresponding to the height H1. Since the water in the water supply / cooling tank is guided to the heat collecting portion 26 of the solar heat / photovoltaic cell combined panel 3 to increase the temperature, the flow of the source water once stored in the water supply / cooling tank 1 is increased without using electric power, , And can easily cope with solar energy that fluctuates indefinitely.
In addition, by increasing the capacity of the water supply / cooling tank 1, desalination can be performed without using electric power for a long time.

Further, since the water is supplied to the heat collecting section 26 by the water head pressure, the heat collecting section 26 is filled with warm water and there is no space. Therefore, there is no evaporation in the heat collecting section 26,
At the same time, the salt becomes unsaturated by the temperature rise, and the salt does not precipitate in the heat collecting section 26. Then, since the heated source water is guided to the evaporation tank 2 at the head pressure to evaporate, there is no element to be clogged even when concentrated in the evaporation tank 2, and fresh water obtained by condensing the evaporated steam contains salt. Since there is no clogging, there is no clogging due to salt analysis in the condenser 4. The flow of the source water in the system is performed by the head pressure, and the water supply pump 5 consumes power only to pump the source water to the water supply / cooling tank 1. The pump 5 can be driven sufficiently.

Further, since the flow of the source water in the system is performed at the head pressure, no power is required for the flow of the source water flowing in the system. Therefore, the water supply / cooling tank 1, the evaporation tank 2
And the solar / photovoltaic cell composite panel 3 is installed in the most suitable place, and even if these devices are separated from each other, they can be connected by the steam extraction pipe 18, the inlet pipe 16 and the outlet pipe 17, respectively. Each can be installed in a suitable device.

[0036]

According to the present invention, which is understood from the detailed description of the invention based on the description of claim 1, a water supply / cooling tank, an evaporation tank, and a solar / photovoltaic cell combined panel are provided.
Source water is supplied to the water supply / cooling tank by the water supply pump, and the water in the water supply / cooling tank is guided to the heat collecting part of the solar thermal / photovoltaic cell combined panel at the water head pressure to raise the temperature. In addition to facilitating the response to uncertain solar energy, there is no evaporation in the heat collecting section, and the salt content becomes unsaturated by increasing the temperature. Thus, the practicality is improved by eliminating the maintenance caused by this, and the desalination apparatus can be operated for a long period of time.

The heated source water is guided to an evaporation tank at a head pressure to evaporate the water, and there is no clogging element even when concentrated in the evaporation tank. In addition, salt is contained in the fresh water obtained by condensing the evaporated vapor. Therefore, maintenance due to clogging due to salt precipitation can be eliminated, practicality can be improved, and long-term operation can be performed. Then, the water supply pump can be driven sufficiently by the power generated by the solar heat / photovoltaic cell combined panel with power consumption only for pumping to the water supply / cooling tank, so that the solar heat / photovoltaic cell combined panel is downsized. And improve the utility for developing countries.

Next, according to the present invention, which is understood from the detailed description of the invention based on the description of claim 2, a condenser is provided in the water supply / cooling tank, and the vapor evaporated in the evaporation tank is condensed by this condenser. It leads to a vessel and condenses to obtain fresh water. Open water supply
The cooling tank is kept at a low temperature by the latent heat of vaporization of the feedwater and raises the temperature of the source water in the feedwater / cooling tank, so that the heat can be effectively used.

Next, according to the present invention, which is understood from the detailed description of the present invention based on the description of the third aspect, a combustion plate is provided at the lower part of the evaporation tank to make up for the shortage of solar heat. In addition, it is possible to cope with uncertain fluctuations in solar energy, and it is possible to evaporate in a short period of time to desalinate water.

Next, according to the present invention, which is understood from the detailed description of the invention based on the description of claim 4, a condenser is provided in the water supply / cooling tank, and the vapor evaporated in the evaporation tank is condensed by this condenser. The condensed fresh water is stored in a sealed fresh water tank, and the inside of the fresh water tank is evacuated to a vacuum pressure.
By making the inside of the evaporation tank a vacuum pressure and making the evaporation efficient, the water can be desalinated in a short time, the evaporation at a lower temperature is possible, and the solar thermal / photovoltaic cell combined panel can be downsized. And practicality to developing countries and the like.

Next, according to the present invention, which is understood from the detailed description of the present invention based on the description of claim 5, an overflow is provided for keeping the water level of the water supply / cooling tank constant. By making the liquid level in the evaporation tank always constant and enabling continuous operation, a large amount of fresh water can be produced.

Next, according to the present invention, which is understood from the detailed description of the invention based on the description of claim 6, the heat collecting surface of the solar / photovoltaic cell combined panel is made of an easily obtainable plate glass,
Since the plate glass is detachably attached to the heat collecting portion so that the plate glass can be easily replaced, the practicality in developing countries and the like can be improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing another embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the combined solar / photovoltaic cell panel in FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 4 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of the combined solar / photovoltaic cell panel of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a lower header in FIGS. 1 and 2;

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Water supply / cooling tank 2 Evaporation tank 3 Solar thermal / photovoltaic cell combined panel 4 Condenser 5 Water supply pump 6 Fresh water tank 7 Combustion plate 8 Drain valve 9 Water level adjustment valve 10 Drain valve 11 Electric wiring 12 Lower header 13 Upper header 14 Overhead Flow pipe 15 Water supply pipe 16 Inlet pipe 17 Outlet pipe 18 Steam extraction pipe 19 Vacuum pipe 20 Heat collecting surface 21 Solar cell 22 Glass mounting frame 23 Plate glass 24 Panel 25 Hole 26 Heat collecting unit 27 Steel mesh for heat storage 28 Cover plate 29 Inspection hole

Claims (6)

[Claims] A water supply / cooling tank, an evaporation tank and a solar / photovoltaic cell combined panel are provided, and a water supply pump supplies water to the water / cooling tank. The heat is guided to the heat collecting part of the photovoltaic cell composite panel, the temperature is raised, and the heated source water is guided to the evaporating tank at the water head pressure to evaporate the water. A solar water and photovoltaic hybrid desalination apparatus characterized in that a water supply pump is driven by the electric power generated by the method. 2. A solar heat and photovoltaic hybrid hybrid desalination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a condenser is provided in the water supply / cooling tank, and the vapor evaporated in the evaporating tank is guided to the condenser for condensation. 3. The solar thermal and photovoltaic hybrid type desalination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a combustion plate is provided below the evaporating tank. 4. A condenser is provided in the water supply / cooling tank, and the vapor evaporated in the evaporating tank is guided to the condenser to condense, and the condensed fresh water is stored in a sealed fresh water tank. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein
2. The solar thermal / photovoltaic cell hybrid type desalination apparatus according to 2 or 3. 5. The solar and photovoltaic hybrid type fresh water according to claim 1, further comprising an overflow for keeping the water level of the water supply / cooling tank constant. Device. 6. The solar heat / photovoltaic cell composite panel according to claim 1, wherein the heat collecting surface is a sheet glass, and the sheet glass is detachably attached to the heat collecting portion. Solar thermal and photovoltaic hybrid desalination equipment.