JP2000015288A - 廃水の処理方法及び装置 - Google Patents
廃水の処理方法及び装置Info
- Publication number
- JP2000015288A JP2000015288A JP10198020A JP19802098A JP2000015288A JP 2000015288 A JP2000015288 A JP 2000015288A JP 10198020 A JP10198020 A JP 10198020A JP 19802098 A JP19802098 A JP 19802098A JP 2000015288 A JP2000015288 A JP 2000015288A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- tank
- sludge
- microaerobic
- wastewater
- anaerobic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 11
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous acid Chemical compound ON=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 Ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000852 hydrogen donor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001651 autotrophic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
に安価に除去することができ、高水質の処理水が得ら
れ、発生する余剰汚泥量も少なくてすむ廃水の処理方法
及び処理装置を提供すること。 【解決手段】 廃水中の有機物及び窒素を除去するた
め、原水を嫌気槽2、微好気槽3、好気槽4及び沈澱槽
5に順次導通させ、好気槽4からの流出液の一部を嫌気
槽2へ循環させ、沈澱槽5から引き抜いた汚泥を汚泥分
解槽9で分解処理し、汚泥分解液を微好気槽3へ導入す
る。
Description
含む廃水の処理方法及び処理装置に関する。
素は、湖沼、内湾などの閉鎖性水域における富栄養化現
象の原因とされている。従来、これらの廃水中から窒素
成分を除去する窒素除去技術としては、微生物を利用し
た硝化脱窒処理が行われており、その代表例としては活
性汚泥循環変法がある。この方法は、独立栄養細菌であ
る硝化細菌のアンモニア酸化能力を利用して廃水中のア
ンモニア性窒素を先ず好気状態で亜硝酸や硝酸に酸化
し、その後、従属栄養細菌である脱窒細菌の働きによ
り、廃水中の有機物などを電子供与体として亜硝酸や硝
酸を嫌気性状態で窒素に還元することにより廃水から窒
素を除去するものである。活性汚泥循環変法を実施する
装置は、脱窒細菌により廃水中の有機物の分解と脱窒処
理を行う嫌気槽と、硝化細菌により廃水中のアンモニア
性窒素を硝化処理する好気槽の2つの槽からなる。好気
槽で硝化処理された硝化液は、嫌気槽に循環されること
により廃水中の窒素成分は窒素ガスとして大気に放出さ
れて除去される。
増殖速度が遅いので、活性汚泥中に相当量の菌数を保持
するためには、汚泥の滞留時間を長くして充分な増殖時
間を確保しなければならず、処理時間に極めて長時間を
要するという欠点がある。また、脱窒反応には脱窒細菌
の還元力のエネルギー源が必要であり、例えば、メタノ
ール、水素などの水素供与体を必要とするため、処理コ
ストが高くなるという欠点があった。また、従来の活性
汚泥循環変法の場合、好気槽と嫌気槽との間で廃水を大
量に循環するためのエネルギーを必要とする欠点があっ
た。さらに、発生する余剰汚泥量も多かった。このよう
に、活性汚泥循環変法に代表される従来の生物学的な硝
化脱窒処理法は、処理時間、処理コストなどの点で満足
できるものではなかった。
術の問題点を解消し、廃水中の有機物及び窒素を効率よ
く、短時間に安価に除去することができ、高水質の処理
水が得られ、発生する余剰汚泥量も少なくてすむ廃水の
処理方法及び処理装置を提供することを目的とする。
方法は、廃水中の有機物及び窒素を除去するため、原水
を嫌気槽、微好気槽、好気槽及び沈澱槽に順次導通さ
せ、好気槽からの流出液の一部を嫌気槽へ循環させ、沈
澱槽から引き抜いた汚泥を汚泥分解槽で分解処理するこ
とを特徴とする。また、本発明の廃水の処理装置は、嫌
気槽、微好気槽、好気槽、沈澱槽及び汚泥分解槽から成
り、好気槽からの流出液の一部を嫌気槽へ循環させる配
管を設け、沈澱槽からの汚泥引き抜き管を汚泥分解槽に
接続したことを特徴とする。
及び超音波を用いて行うのが好ましく、汚泥分解槽で生
じた汚泥分解液を微好気槽に導入するのが好ましい。嫌
気槽内では亜硝酸や硝酸を廃水中の有機物を水素供与体
として利用して微生物により窒素ガスに変え、脱窒処理
された後、微好気槽へ導入される。この微好気槽には、
汚泥分解槽でオゾンと超音波で処理された汚泥分解液が
供給され、有機物源と酸素の補給が行われる。微好気槽
内で残存しているアンモニウムイオンは、次の化学反応
式により微好気槽で直接脱窒される。 NH3 +O2 +2H+e→NH2 OH+H2 O ・・・(1) NH2 OH+O2 +3H+3e→1/2N2 +3H2 O ・・・(2)
硝酸や亜硝酸は、汚泥分解槽で生じた汚泥分解液を利用
して窒素ガスとして脱窒される。また、微好気槽内に
は、前段の処理で嫌気状態にある液が導入されるが、排
オゾンガスを含有する汚泥分解液が供給されるため、微
好気状態に保たれる。本発明においては、微好気槽内の
溶存酸素濃度を0.1〜2mg/Lとするのが好まし
い。微好気槽内の溶存酸素濃度が0.1mg/L未満で
あると、効果が得られず、2mg/Lを超えると、アン
モニウムイオンを硝酸や亜硝酸に酸化されるため、
(1)、(2)式の反応が起きにくくなる。排オゾンガ
スは、通常、別に活性炭などに吸着させて処理しなけれ
ばならないが、本発明では有効に利用される。
る廃水の処理装置の一実施態様について詳説する。図1
は、本発明の廃水の処理装置の略示系統図である。本発
明の廃水の処理装置は、主として、嫌気槽2、微好気槽
3、好気槽4、沈澱槽5及び汚泥分解槽9から成り、好
気槽4からの流出液の一部を嫌気槽2へ循環させる配管
7を有し、さらに沈澱槽5からの汚泥引き抜き管8を汚
泥分解槽9に接続したものである。また、汚泥分解槽9
には、オゾン発生装置10及びオゾン発信装置11が付
設されており、ここで汚泥を分解処理し、液化させる。
分解処理された汚泥分解液は、配管12により微好気槽
3へ導入される。
施するには、処理すべき廃水を原水供給管1から嫌気槽
2へ導入させ、微好気槽3及び好気槽4で順次処理し、
好気槽4からの流出液の一部は配管7により嫌気槽2へ
循環される。沈澱槽5で固液分離した後、処理水は、処
理水放流管6より放流され、汚泥は、汚泥引き抜き管8
より汚泥分解槽9に導入され、ここでオゾン発生装置1
0及びオゾン発信装置11によってオゾン及び超音波の
作用を受けて分解処理され、液状化される。超音波は、
100〜1000W/A/分で0〜10分間作用させる
のが好ましい。また、オゾンは、汚泥1g当たり1〜5
0mgの割合で吹き込むのが好ましい。超音波を使用す
ることにより汚泥が振動され、オゾンの接触効率が良く
なる。液状化された汚泥分解液は、配管12により微好
気槽3へ送られ、低分子量の有機物と酸素ガスの補給に
役立つ。
に説明するが、本発明はこれらによって制限されるもの
ではない。
−N31mg/L)を嫌気槽2に流入させ、嫌気槽2で
滞留時間5時間で反応させ、その後微好気槽3で4時
間、好気槽4で4.5時間反応させた。好気槽4からの
処理液の一部(流入原水量の2倍)を配管7より嫌気槽
2へ循環させ、残りは沈澱槽5へ流入させる。一方、沈
澱槽5中の沈澱汚泥は、汚泥分解槽9へ導入され、ここ
で汚泥を超音波発信装置11(300W、400μA)
で処理しながら、オゾンを汚泥1g当たり10mgの割
合で吹き込んだ。得られた汚泥分解液を配管12により
微好気槽3に流入させた。この実験の結果、処理水のB
ODを10mg/L以下、T−Nを5mg/L以下にす
ることができた。これに対し、従来の活性汚泥循環変法
では、循環水量を流入原水量の3倍以上としてもT−N
は5mg/Lを超えており、C/N比が大きく、アンモ
ニアを酸化するエネルギーが大きく、曝気動力が多く、
汚泥発生量が多量であった。
有機物量との関係を検討したところ、図2に示す結果を
得た。なお、脱窒率は、次の(3)式により算出したも
のである。 脱窒率=(入口窒素濃度−出口窒素濃度)/入口窒素濃度 ・・・(3) 図2から有機物量が多くなるほど脱窒率が高くなること
が分かる。
ば、従来の活性汚泥循環変法に比べて短時間に効率よく
有機物及び窒素を除去することができ、良好な水質の処
理水を安価に製造することができ、その際、循環水量が
少なくて済むため、処理に要するエネルギー量も少なく
て済み、さらに汚泥を分解して廃水処理に有効利用でき
るため、余剰汚泥発生量も著しく少ない。
示系統図である。
機物量との関係を示すグラフである。
Claims (7)
- 【請求項1】 廃水中の有機物及び窒素を除去するた
め、原水を嫌気槽、微好気槽、好気槽及び沈澱槽に順次
導通させ、好気槽からの流出液の一部を嫌気槽へ循環さ
せ、沈澱槽から引き抜いた汚泥を汚泥分解槽で分解処理
することを特徴とする廃水の処理方法。 - 【請求項2】 汚泥の分解処理をオゾン及び超音波を用
いて行う請求項1記載の廃水の処理方法。 - 【請求項3】 汚泥分解槽で生じた汚泥分解液を微好気
槽に導入する請求項1又は2記載の廃水の処理方法。 - 【請求項4】 微好気槽内の溶存酸素濃度を0.1〜2
mg/Lとする請求項1記載の廃水の処理方法。 - 【請求項5】 嫌気槽、微好気槽、好気槽、沈澱槽及び
汚泥分解槽から成り、好気槽からの流出液の一部を嫌気
槽へ循環させる配管を設け、沈澱槽からの汚泥引き抜き
管を汚泥分解槽に接続したことを特徴とする廃水の処理
装置。 - 【請求項6】 汚泥分解槽にオゾン発生装置及び超音波
発信装置を付設した請求項5記載の廃水の処理装置。 - 【請求項7】 汚泥分解槽での汚泥分解液を微好気槽へ
導入する配管を設けた請求項5記載の廃水の処理装置。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP19802098A JP3531481B2 (ja) | 1998-06-29 | 1998-06-29 | 廃水の処理方法及び装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP19802098A JP3531481B2 (ja) | 1998-06-29 | 1998-06-29 | 廃水の処理方法及び装置 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2000015288A true JP2000015288A (ja) | 2000-01-18 |
JP3531481B2 JP3531481B2 (ja) | 2004-05-31 |
Family
ID=16384195
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP19802098A Expired - Fee Related JP3531481B2 (ja) | 1998-06-29 | 1998-06-29 | 廃水の処理方法及び装置 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP3531481B2 (ja) |
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1998
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