HRP20000227A2 - Cellulosic fiber composites - Google Patents
Cellulosic fiber composites Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- HRP20000227A2 HRP20000227A2 HR20000227A HRP20000227A HRP20000227A2 HR P20000227 A2 HRP20000227 A2 HR P20000227A2 HR 20000227 A HR20000227 A HR 20000227A HR P20000227 A HRP20000227 A HR P20000227A HR P20000227 A2 HRP20000227 A2 HR P20000227A2
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- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- fiber
- composite
- resin
- lignocellulosic
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 85
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 57
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012978 lignocellulosic material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000000797 Hibiscus cannabinus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004433 Thermoplastic polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007937 lozenge Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003317 Fusabond® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000339 Marlex Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical group O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010603 pastilles Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020030 perry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
- C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
- C08J11/06—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers without chemical reactions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/34—Shaped forms, e.g. sheets, not provided for in any other sub-group of this main group
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
- A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
- A23L33/24—Cellulose or derivatives thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/0026—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics by agglomeration or compacting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/045—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with vegetable or animal fibrous material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
- B29B17/0412—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling to large particles, e.g. beads, granules, flakes, slices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
- B29B2017/0217—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor
- B29B2017/0224—Screens, sieves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
- B29B2017/0424—Specific disintegrating techniques; devices therefor
- B29B2017/044—Knives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2311/00—Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2201/00 - B29K2309/00, as reinforcement
- B29K2311/12—Paper, e.g. cardboard
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2007/00—Flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
- B29L2007/002—Panels; Plates; Sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2929—Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
- Y10T428/2931—Fibers or filaments nonconcentric [e.g., side-by-side or eccentric, etc.]
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
Description
Pozadina izuma
Izum se odnosi na kompozite smola i celuloznih ili lignoceluloznih vlakana.
Smole se upotrebljavaju za različite primjene, na primjer, za pakiranje hrane. Ambalaže za hranu napravljena od smole se tipično upotrijebi jednom i onda odbaci.
Celulozni i lignocelulozni materijali se proizvode, obrađuju i upotrebljavaju u velikim količinama kod mnogih primjena. Jednom upotrijebljena, ova vlakna se obično bacaju kao otpadni materijali. Kao rezultat, količina otpadnih celuloznih i lignoceluloznih vlakana se stalno povećava kao i količina otpadne smole.
Sažetak izuma
Općenito, izum predstavlja kompozite koji uključuju smolu i celulozna ili lignocelulozna vlakna sa izraženom teksturom.
Izum prikazuje kompozit koji uključuje smolu, kao što je termoplastična smola i najmanje oko 2% težinski, pogodnije najmanje 5% težinski, celulozna ili lignocelulozna vlakna sa teksturom. Izum također prikazuje kompozit koji uključuje polietilen i najmanje oko 50% težinski celulozna ili lignocelulozna vlakna s teksturom.
Izum nadalje prikazuje kompozite, uključujući smolu i celulozna ili lignocelulozna vlakna, koji imaju čvrstoću savijanja najmanje oko 3000 psi, ili otpornost na rastezanje najmanje oko 3000 psi.
Dodatno, izum prikazuje postupak za proizvodnju kompozita; postupak obuhvaća rezanje celuloznih ili lignoceluloznih vlakana da se dobiju celulozna ili lignocelulozna vlakna s izraženom teksturom, i nakon toga kombiniranje vlakana s izraženom tekturom sa smolom. Metoda koja ima prednost uključuje rezanje vlakna sa rotirajućim nožem za rezanje. Izum također predstavlja postupak za proizvodnju kompozita koji uključuje rezanje celuloznog ili lignoceluloznog vlakna i kombiniranje vlakna sa smolom.
Izraz "celulozna ili lignocelulozna vlakna sa izraženom teksturom", kako se upotrebljava ovdje, znači da je vlakno izrezano do te mjere da su unutarnja vlakna izložena u značajnoj mjeri. Najmanje oko 50%, pogodnije najmanje oko 70%, tih vlakana, imaju omjer duljina/promjer (L/D) najmanje 5, pogodnije najmanje 25, ili najmanje 50. Primjer vlakna s izraženom teksturom prikazan je na slici 1.
Kompoziti ovog izuma su čvrsti, male težine i nisu skupi. Sirovine upotrijebljene za izradu kompozita su lako dostupne; na primjer, mogu uključiti odbačenu ambalažu sastavljenu od smola i otpadnog celuloznog ili lignoceluloznog vlakna.
Druga svojstva i prednosti izuma bit će vidljivi iz opisa njegovih preferiranih izvedbi i iz patentnih zahtjeva.
Kratak opis crteža
Slika 1 je fotografija novinskog papira s izraženom teksturom, uvećana [__] puta.
Opis preferiranih izvedbi
Preferirani kompozit uključuje smolu i celulozna ili lignocelulozna vlakna s izraženom teksturom.
Smole obuhvate s izraženom teksturom i pomažu u kontroliranju oblika kompozita. Smole također prenose vanjska opterećenja na vlakna i štite vlakna od oštećenja okoline i strukture. Kompoziti koji imaju prednost uključuju težinski oko 20% do oko 60%, više preferirano oko 30% do oko 50%, smola.
Primjeri smola uključuju polietilen (uključivši, npr. polietilen niske gustoće i polietilen visoke gustoće), polipropilen, polistiren, polikarbonat, polibutilen, termoplastične poliestere, polietere, termoplastični poliuretan, PVC, Nylon i druge smole. Pogodnije je da smole imaju niski indeks protoka taline. Preferirane smole uključuju polietilen i polipropilen s indeksima protoka taline manjim od 3g/10min i naročito preferirane s manje od 1 g /10 min.
Smole se mogu kupiti kao novi materijal ili nabaviti kao ostaci ili otpadni materijal, i obično se kupuju u obliku pastila. Pogodnije je da se smole nabave kao ostaci ili otpadni materijal, jer su takvi materijali manje skupi. Kao preferirani izvor smole koriste se polietilenske boce za mlijeko.
Celulozno ili lignocelulozno vlakno s izraženom teksturom kompozitu daje čvrstoću. Kompozit može uključivati od oko 30% do oko 90%, više preferirano od oko 50% do oko 70%, težinski celuloznog ili lignoceluloznog vlakna s izraženom teksturom. Primjeri celuloznog vlakna uključuju papir i papirnate produkte; primjeri lignoceluloznog vlakna uključuju drvo, drvena vlakna kao i materijale izvedene iz kenafa, trave, rižinih ljuskica, bagasa, pamuka, jute i druge celulozne i lignocelulozne materijale. Prednost imaju vlakna iz jute i kenafa.
Kompoziti također uključuju veziva. Veziva pomažu povezivanje hidrofilnih vlakana s hidrofobnim smolama. Primjeri veziva uključuju polietilene modificirane anhidridom maleinske kiseline, kao što su oni u seriji FUSABOND® (ponuda kod Dupont, Delaware) i POLYBOND® (ponuda kod Uniroyal Chemical, Connecticut). Vezivo koje ima prednost je polietilen visoke gustoće modificiran anhidridom maleinske kiseline, kao što je FUSABOND® MB 100D.
Kompoziti mogu također sadržavati aditive poznate stručnjacima za spajanje, kao što su sredstva za plastificiranje, maziva, antoksidansi, sredstva za matiranje, toplinski stabilizatori, bojila, modifikatori udarca, fotostabilizatori, sredstva za usporavanje plamena, biocidi i antistatička sredstva.
Pripremanje polaznih materijala
Ako se upotrijebi odbačena celulozna ili lignocelulozna vlakna, treba ih očistiti i osušiti. Celulozna ili lignocelulozna vlakna treba onda obraditi da dobiju teksturu prije nego se kombinira sa termoplastičnom smolom. Vlakno se može obraditi da dobije teksturu bilo kojim od mnogih mehaničkih načina ili njihovom kombinacijom. Za vrijeme procesa stvaranja teksture, slojevi polimera se otrgnu sa slojeva papira tako da se izlože papirna vlakna. Metoda za stvaranje teksture koja ima prednost uključuje prvo rezanje celuloznog ili lignoceluloznog vlakna na komade široke 1/4- do 1/2 inča pomoću standardne aparature za rezanje. Ovi komadi se izrezuckaju rotirajućim rezačem kao što je onaj (može se nabaviti kod Sprout, Waldron Companies) opisan u Perry's Chem. Eng. Handbook, 6th Ed., na 8-29(1984). Materijal sa izraženom teksturom se onda propušta kroz 2mm mrežicu. Može se spremiti u zavarene vreće; treba se sušiti 4-18 sati na otprilike 105°C (dok sadržaj vlage ne bude manje od oko 0.5%) neposredno prije upotrebe.
Smola se može kupiti u obliku pastila ili granula i koristiti bez daljnjeg pročišćavanja ili sušenja. Međutim, ako na površini pastilne ili granulirane smole ima vlage, treba je osušiti prije upotrebe.
Preparacija kompozita
Kompoziti se mogu prirediti kako slijedi. Standardni guma/plastika dvovaljčani mlin za sabijanje zagrije se do 325-400° C. Smola (obično u obliku pastila ili granula) se doda u zagrijani valjčani mlin. Nakon oko 10 minuta, u valjčani mlin se doda sredstvo za vezanje. Nakon sljedećih pet minuta, celulozna ili lignocelulozna vlakna s izraženom teksturom se doda u rastaljenu smjesu sastava smola/sredstvo za vezanje. Celulozno ili lignocelulozno vlakno s izraženom teksturom dodaje se kroz period od oko 10 minuta.
Kompozit se ukloni iz valjčanog mlina, razreže u listove i pusti da se ohladi do sobne temperature. Onda se prešanjem formira u ploče upotrebom standardnih metoda oblikovanja prešanjem.
Alternativno, miješalica, kao što je Banbury interni mikser, se napuni sastojcima. Sastojci se izmiješaju dok se temperatura održava na manje od oko 190°C. Smjesa se onda može oblikovati prešanjem.
U drugoj izvedbi sastojci se mogu izmiješati u ekstruderskom mikseru kao što je MARIS (Turin) TM 85 extruder opremljen korotirajućim pužnicama. Smola i sredstvo za vezanje unesu se na usisni llijevak; celulozno ili lignocelulozno vlakno unosi se na oko 1/3 duljine duž ekstrudera u rastaljenu smolu. Unutrašnja temperatura ekstrudera održava se na manje od oko 190°C. Na izlazu kompozit se oblikuje u pastile rezanjem hladne trake.
Alternativno, smjesa se prvo može pripremiti u mikseru, onda prebaciti u ekstruder za korake istiskivanja i rezanja u pastile.
U nekoj drugoj izvedbi, kompozit se može oblikovati u vlakna korištenjem postupaka za formiranje vlakana poznatih stručnjacima.
Svojstva kompozita
Dobiveni kompoziti obuhvaćaju splet vlakana, zatvorenih u matricu smole. Izložena vlakna tvore umreženu rešetku što daje kompozitu čvrstoću. S obzirom da celulozna ili lignocelulozna vlakna imaju izraženu teksturu, količina površinskog sloja raspoloživa za vezanje sa smolom se povećava, u usporedbi s kompozitima napravljenim sa celuloznim ili lignoceluloznim vlaknima bez izražene teksture. Smola se veže na površinu izloženih vlakana i tako stvara prisnu smjesu mreže vlakana i smolne matrice. Prisno miješanje vlakana i smolne matrice dodatno učvršćuje kompozite.
Upotreba
Kompoziti sastava smola/vlakno mogu se koristiti za mnoge primjene. Kompoziti su čvrsti i male težine; mogu se koristiti, na primjer kao zamjena za drvo. Presvučeni sloj smole čini kompozite otpornima na vodu tako da se mogu koristiti kod vanjskih primjena. Na primjer, kompoziti se mogu upotrijebiti za izradu paleta koje se skladište vani kroz duže vremenske periode.
Primjeri
Sljedeći primjeri pripremljeni su kako slijedi. Standardni guma/plastika dvovaljčani mlin za sabijanje zagrijan je na 325 - 400 °C. Smola (obično u obliku pastila ili granula) dodana je u zagrijani mlin. Nakon oko 10 minuta, smola se vezala s valjcima (tj. rastalila se i stopila s valjcima). Tada je u mlin dodano sredstvo za vezanje. Nakon još pet minuta celulozna ili lignocelulozna vlakna su dodana u smjesu rastaljena smola/sredstvo za vezanje. Celulozno ili lignocelulozno vlakno je dodavano kroz period od oko 10 minuta.
Kompozit je onda izvađen iz valjčanog mlina, razrezan u listove i ostavljen da se ohladi na sobnu temperaturu. Partije od oko 80g svaka su tada prešanjem oblikovane u ploče dimenzija 6" x 6" x 1/8" upotrebom standardnih tehnika oblikovanja prešanjem.
Jedna kompozicija sadrži sljedeće sastojke:
Kompozicija br. 1
Sastojak Količina (g)
Polietilen visoke gustoće1 160
Stari novinski papir2 240
Sredstvo za vezanje3 8
1 Marlex 16007
2 Izrađena tekstura upotrebom rotirajućeg rezača sa mrežicom veličine
2 mm
3 FUSABOND® 100D
Svojstva kompozicije br. 1 su kako slijedi:
Čvrstoća savijanja (psi) 9810 (ASTM D790)
Modulus savijanja (109 psi) 6,27 (ASTM D790)
Druga kompozicija sadrži sljedeće sastojke:
Kompozicija br. 2
Sastojak Količina (g)
Polietilen visoke gustoće1 160
Stari magazini2 240
Sredstvo za vezanje3 8
1 Marlex 16007
2 Izrađena tekstura upotrebom rotirajućeg rezača sa mrežicom veličine
2 mm
3 FUSABOND® 100D
Svojstva kompozicije br. 2 su kako slijedi:
Čvrstoća savijanja (psi) 9060 (ASTM D790)
Modulus savijanja (109 psi) 6,78 (ASTM D790)
Druge izvedbe su u patentnim zahtjevima.
Claims (29)
1. Kompozit naznačen time da se sastoji od smole i najmanje oko 2% težinski vlakna gdje je vlakno celulozno ili lignocelulozno vlakno koje je tako izrezano da su unutarnja vlakna znatno izložena [i najmanje oko 2% težinski vlakna ima izraženu teksturu].
2. Kompozit prema zahtjevu 1 naznačen time da najmanje 5% težinski vlakana ima izraženu teksturu.
3. Kompozit prema zahtjevu 1 naznačen time da je vlakno novinski papir.
4. Kompozit prema zahtjevu 1 naznačen time da je vlakno juta.
5. Kompozit prema zahtjevu 1 naznačen time da je vlakno kenaf.
6. Kompozit prema zahtjevu 1 naznačen time da je smola časopisni papir.
7. Kompozit prema zahtjevu 1 naznačen time da je smola izbijeljena tvrda papirna [izvučena podložna] ploča.
8. Kompozit prema zahtjevu 1 naznačen time da je smola termoplastična smola.
9. Kompozit prema zahtjevu 8 [6] naznačen time da je termoplastična smola polietilen.
10. Kompozit prema zahtjevu 8[6] naznačen time da je termoplastična smola polipropilen.
11. Kompozit prema zahtjevu 1 naznačen time da kompozit sadrži oko 50% do oko 70% težinski smole i oko 30% [37%] do oko 50% težinski vlakana.
12. Kompozit naznačen time da se sastoji od polietilena pojačanog sa najmanje oko 2% [i vlakna gdje je vlakno] celuloznog ili lignoceluloznog vlakna [i] gdje najmanje 50% težinski celuloznog ili lignoceluloznog vlakna je tako izrezano da su unutarnja vlakna znatno izložena [ima izraženu teksturu].
13. Kompozit naznačen time da se sastoji od smole pojačane sa najmanje oko 2% [i] celuloznog ili lignoceluloznog vlakna gdje najmanje 50% težinski celuloznog ili lignoceluloznog vlakna je tako izrezano da su unutarnja vlakna znatno izložena i gdje kompozit ima otpornost na savijanje najmanje 3000 psi.
14. Kompozit prema zahtjevu 11 naznačen time da kompozit ima otpornost na savijanje najmanje 6000 psi.
15. Kompozit prema zahtjevu 11 naznačen time da kompozit ima otpornost na savijanje najmanje 10000 psi.
16. Postupak za proizvodnju kompozita naznačen time da se sastoji od rezuckanja celuloznog ili lignoceluloznog vlakna do te mjere da su unutarnja vlakna znatno izložena da se dobije celulozno ili lignocelulozno vlakno s izraženom teksturom i kombiniranja celuloznog ili lignoceluloznog vlakna s izraženom teksturom sa smolom.
17. Postupak prema zahtjevu 16 naznačen time da je smola termoplastična smola.
18. Postupak prema zahtjevu 17 naznačen time da se korak rezuckanja celuloznog ili lignoceluloznog vlakna sastoji od rezanja s rotirajućim nožem rezačem.
19. Postupak za proizvodnju vlaknastog materijala s izraženom teksturom naznačen time da se sastoji od: rezanja celuloznog ili lignoceluloznog vlakna s unutarnjim vlaknima do te mjere da unutarnja vlakna postanu znatno izložena čime se dobije vlaknasti materijal s izraženom teksturom.
20. Postupci prema zahtjevima 16-18 i 20 naznačeni time da se navedena celulozna ili lignocelulozna vlakna izaberu iz grupe koja se sastoji od pamuka, jute, papira i papirnih proizvoda.
21. Postupci prema zahtjevima 16-18 i 20-21 naznačeni time da najmanje oko 50% vlakana imaju odnos duljina/dijametar najmanje od oko 5.
22. Postupci prema zahtjevima 16-18 i 20-21 naznačeni time da najmanje oko 50% vlakana ima odnos duljina/dijametar najmanje od oko
23. Postupci prema zahtjevima 16-18 i 20-21 naznačeni time da najmanje oko 50% vlakana ima odnos duljina/dijametar najmanje od oko 50.
24. Vlaknasti materijal s izraženom teksturom sastavljen od celuloznog ili lignoceluloznog materijala s unutarnjim vlaknima naznačen time da je navedeni celulozni ili lignocelulozni materijal izrezan do te mjere da unutarnja vlakna postanu znatno izložena.
25. Kompoziti prema zahtjevima 1-8 i 11-15 naznačeni time da:
smola se izabere iz grupe koja se sastoji od polietilena, polipropilena, polistirena, polikarbonata, polibutilena, termoplastičnih poliestera, polietera, termoplastičnog poliuretana, polivinilklorida i poliamida.
26. Kompoziti prema zahtjevima 1-15 i 26 naznačeni time da najmanje oko 50% izloženih unutarnjih vlakana ima odnos duljina/dijametar najmanje oko 5.
27. Kompoziti prema zahtjevima 1-15 i 26 naznačeni time da najmanje oko 50% izloženih unutarnjih vlakana ima odnos duljina/dijametar najmanje oko 25.
28. Kompoziti prema zahtjevima 1-15 i 26 naznačeni time da najmanje oko 50% izloženih unutarnjih vlakana ima odnos duljina/dijametar najmanje oko 50.
29. Kompoziti prema zahtjevima 1-15 i 26 naznačeni time da najmanje oko 70% izloženih unutarnjih vlakana ima odnos duljina/dijametar najmanje oko 50.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| US08/961,863 US5973035A (en) | 1997-10-31 | 1997-10-31 | Cellulosic fiber composites |
| PCT/US1998/022661 WO1999023138A1 (en) | 1997-10-31 | 1998-10-26 | Cellulosic fiber composites |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| HRP20000227A2 true HRP20000227A2 (en) | 2001-04-30 |
Family
ID=25505114
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| HR20000227A HRP20000227A2 (en) | 1997-10-31 | 2000-04-19 | Cellulosic fiber composites |
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| US (3) | US5973035A (hr) |
| EP (1) | EP1025143A4 (hr) |
| JP (1) | JP2001521958A (hr) |
| KR (1) | KR20010031472A (hr) |
| CN (1) | CN1252148C (hr) |
| AP (1) | AP2000001791A0 (hr) |
| AU (1) | AU748732B2 (hr) |
| BG (1) | BG104446A (hr) |
| BR (1) | BR9813154B1 (hr) |
| CA (1) | CA2307574C (hr) |
| DE (1) | DE1025143T1 (hr) |
| EA (1) | EA200000479A1 (hr) |
| EE (1) | EE200000262A (hr) |
| ES (1) | ES2163383T1 (hr) |
| GE (1) | GEP20022682B (hr) |
| GR (1) | GR20010300058T1 (hr) |
| HR (1) | HRP20000227A2 (hr) |
| HU (1) | HUP0004135A3 (hr) |
| ID (1) | ID24951A (hr) |
| IL (1) | IL135617A (hr) |
| MX (1) | MXPA00004220A (hr) |
| NO (1) | NO20002163D0 (hr) |
| NZ (1) | NZ504774A (hr) |
| OA (1) | OA11404A (hr) |
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| SK (1) | SK5652000A3 (hr) |
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- 1998-10-26 ID ID20000818A patent/ID24951A/id unknown
- 1998-10-26 ES ES98953993T patent/ES2163383T1/es active Pending
- 1998-10-26 JP JP2000519007A patent/JP2001521958A/ja active Pending
- 1998-10-30 TW TW92124356A patent/TWI274764B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-10-30 TW TW87118063A patent/TW579384B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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1999
- 1999-04-09 US US09/290,031 patent/US6258876B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-22 US US09/337,580 patent/US6207729B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2000
- 2000-04-14 AP APAP/P/2000/001791A patent/AP2000001791A0/en unknown
- 2000-04-19 HR HR20000227A patent/HRP20000227A2/hr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-04-27 NO NO20002163A patent/NO20002163D0/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-04-27 OA OA1200000121A patent/OA11404A/en unknown
- 2000-05-17 BG BG104446A patent/BG104446A/xx unknown
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2001
- 2001-10-31 GR GR20010300058T patent/GR20010300058T1/el unknown
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