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GB1591297A - Heat engine for producing rotating drive - Google Patents

Heat engine for producing rotating drive Download PDF

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Publication number
GB1591297A
GB1591297A GB2881976A GB2881976A GB1591297A GB 1591297 A GB1591297 A GB 1591297A GB 2881976 A GB2881976 A GB 2881976A GB 2881976 A GB2881976 A GB 2881976A GB 1591297 A GB1591297 A GB 1591297A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
heating
engine
chambers
heating chamber
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB2881976A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SANDWELL PLANT Ltd
Original Assignee
SANDWELL PLANT Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SANDWELL PLANT Ltd filed Critical SANDWELL PLANT Ltd
Priority to GB2881976A priority Critical patent/GB1591297A/en
Publication of GB1591297A publication Critical patent/GB1591297A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
    • F02C1/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly
    • F02C1/05—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly characterised by the type or source of heat, e.g. using nuclear or solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/32—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with pressure velocity transformation exclusively in rotor, e.g. the rotor rotating under the influence of jets issuing from the rotor, e.g. Heron turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Description

(54) HEAT ENGINE FOR PRODUCING ROTATING DRIVE (71) We, SANDWELL PLANT LIMITED, a British Company of 201 Monmouth Drive, Sutton Coldfield, West Midlands, formerly of 1, Denholm Road, Sutton Coldfield, West Midlands, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- It is an object of the present invention to provide a new or improved heat engine for providing a rotation drive.
According to the present invention there is provided a heat engine comprising a body mounted for rotation about an axis and having at least one compression chamber and a heating chamber associated with the or each compression chamber, the or each compression chamber having a gas inlet, a gas outlet positioned radially outwardly of the inlet, relative to said axis, the or each heating chamber having an inlet connected to the outlet of the associated compression chamber and an outlet, and means being provided to heat gas in the or each heating chamber, the means comprising an optical system to direct solar radiation into the or each heating chamber, whereby, in use, when the body is located in a gaseous medium, gas is drawn through the inlet of each compression chamber, heated in each heating chamber and expelled from the outlet of each heating chamber in a direction to provide a driving torque to rotate the body about the axis.
The optical system may comprise a first reflector which collects the radiation from the source and reflects it on to a second reflector mounted on or adjacent the axis of rotation of the body, the second reflector reflecting the radiation on to the or each heating chamber and the or each heating chamber extending circumferentially around the body.
Each heating chamber may be provided with internal heat exchanging fins.
The compression and heating chambers may be spaced alternately around the axis of the body The present invention will now be described bed in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein: Figure 1 is a plan view partly in section of a heat engine embodying the present invention, Figure 2 is a cross section on the line 2-2 of Figure 1, Figure 2a is a fragmentary view of part of Figure 2 to an enlarged scale, Figure 3 is a perspective view of the heat engine shown in Figure 1, Figure 4 is a perspective view of part of a heat engine of another embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 5 is a sectional plan view of the heat engine of Figure 4.
Referring now to the drawings, there is shown a disc-shaped body 10 which forms part of a heat engine embodying the present invention, and which in use, is fixedly attached to a shaft rotatably mounted in a base whereby the body 10 is mounted for rotation about an axis 9.
The body 10 is provided with four segmentshaped compression chambers 12 which have inlets 14 near the axis of rotation 9 of the body and exits 16 leading to heating chambers 18 positioned between the compression chambers 12.
Each heating chamber 18 comprises a tube of circular cross-section which extends around the circumference of the body 10. The heating chambers 18 are made of a high temperature alloy, such as a Nimonic (Registered Trade Mark) alloy.
The outlet 16 of the compression chambers 12 also comprise inlets to the heating chambers 18 and the heating chambers are provided with outlets 20 at their other ends.
The body 10 is also provided at its centre with a pyramid shaped reflector 22 which forms part of an optical system associated with the engine The optical system also includes a parabolic reflector not shown, which is designed and positioned to collect radiation from the sun and reflect it on to the pyramid reflector 22 which in turn reflects the radiation through windows 24 positioned radially inwardly of the heating chambers 18 to the walls of the heating chambers 18. The pyramid reflector 22 is of faceted construction so that it does not reflect light into the compression chambers 12.
In order to absorb the solar radiation and heat air passing through the heating chambers 18, the walls of the heating chamber are roughened and made black to improve heat transfer and the interior of the heating chambers 18 are provided with heat exchangers fins 26.
The heating chambers 18 are thermally insulated from the compression chambers 12 and also the body 10 is strengthened around the edge of the heating chambers 18 in order to wtihstand the centrifugal forces which are generated during operation of the engine.
The ratio of the diameter of the body to its width is 10:1 and the ratio of the area of the outlets 20 to the inlets 16 of the heating chambers 18 is 4:1.
When the engine is in use, the parabolic reflector and the body 10 are positioned so that radiation from the sun is reflected onto the heating chambers 18 with the body 10 positioned in the atmosphere and the body 10 is then rotated in the direction of the arrow 28. As a result of this rotation, air is drawn through the inlets 14 and flows in the direction of the arrows marked 'A' and a region of high pressure builds up in the outer parts of the compression chambers.
This causes the air to flow out of the compression chambers into the heating chambers 18, where it is heated by the fins 26 and is finally expelled through the outlets 20 in the direction of the arrows marked 30.
Expulsion of the air through the outlets 20 in the direction 30 provides a driving torque to the body 10 which may be used to drive machinery attached to the shaft.
If desired, in order to prevent the heating chambers 18 heating the air until the body 10 is rotating at a sufficiently high speed, the reflector 22 may be provided with a centrifugally operated shutter which prevents radiation from reaching the chambers 18 until the body 10 is rotating at a sufficiently high speed.
It is estimated that with a body having a diameter of 300 to 600 mm a power output of 1 to 10 kilowatts could be achieved.
Because the compression chambers 12 and the heating chambers 18 are mounted in the same rotatably mounted body 10 and because the engine is of a generally simple construction, the present invention provides a particularly convenient way of converting solar radiation into mechanical energy in the form of a rotating output drive.
The engine hereinbefore described is only an example of an engine embodying the present invention and modifications may be made to this engine without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined bathe appended claims.
For example, the body 10 could be provided with a different number of pairs of compression and heating chambers, e.g.
three.
Also, the radially extending walls of the compression chamber 12 and the circumferentially extending walls of the heating chambers 18 may be modified to achieve optimum flow characteristics of air through the body 10.
Furthermore, although the engine has been described as operating in air, it could be operated in another gaseous medium.
Another modification is illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 which shows part of another heat engine embodying the present invention.
The heat engine shown in Figures 4 and 5 is basically similar to the engine shown in Figures 1 to 3 and like parts have been denoted by the same reference numerals.
However, the engine is provided with heater fins 40 which extend circumferentially from the exits 20 of each of the heating chambers 18 around the compression chamber 12.
The fins 40 also extend radially through the outer wall of the body 10 and are bounded at their radially inner ends by walls 42 which extend parallel to the axis of the body 10.
The walls 42 together with the outer wall of the body 10 define four pre-heating chambers 44 and these chambers 44 are provided with inlets 46 from the compression chamber 12, these inlets 46 being smaller in area than the inlets 16.
The purpose of the chambers 44 and the fins 40 is to pre-heat air prior to its entry into the heating chamber 18 by heat transfer from the air expelled from the outlets 20.
An engine embodying the invention may be used for any desired purpose for example to drive an electricity generator or to pump water in developing countries or to drive rotary lifting surfaces and/or a propellor in an aircraft.
Since an engine embodying the invention does not require the gas to act between relatively moving parts which is the case in turbines, for example the problems encountered in such cases due to leakage between the parts is avoided so that the efficiency of the engine is high and very small versions of the engine may be made without loss of efficiency due to leakage.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. A heat engine comprising a body mounted for rotation about an axis and having at least one compression chamber and a heating chamber associated with the or each compression chamber, the or each compression chamber having a gas inlet, a gas outlet
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (12)

  1. **WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **.
    22 which in turn reflects the radiation through windows 24 positioned radially inwardly of the heating chambers 18 to the walls of the heating chambers 18. The pyramid reflector 22 is of faceted construction so that it does not reflect light into the compression chambers 12.
    In order to absorb the solar radiation and heat air passing through the heating chambers 18, the walls of the heating chamber are roughened and made black to improve heat transfer and the interior of the heating chambers 18 are provided with heat exchangers fins 26.
    The heating chambers 18 are thermally insulated from the compression chambers 12 and also the body 10 is strengthened around the edge of the heating chambers 18 in order to wtihstand the centrifugal forces which are generated during operation of the engine.
    The ratio of the diameter of the body to its width is 10:1 and the ratio of the area of the outlets 20 to the inlets 16 of the heating chambers 18 is 4:1.
    When the engine is in use, the parabolic reflector and the body 10 are positioned so that radiation from the sun is reflected onto the heating chambers 18 with the body 10 positioned in the atmosphere and the body 10 is then rotated in the direction of the arrow 28. As a result of this rotation, air is drawn through the inlets 14 and flows in the direction of the arrows marked 'A' and a region of high pressure builds up in the outer parts of the compression chambers.
    This causes the air to flow out of the compression chambers into the heating chambers 18, where it is heated by the fins 26 and is finally expelled through the outlets 20 in the direction of the arrows marked 30.
    Expulsion of the air through the outlets 20 in the direction 30 provides a driving torque to the body 10 which may be used to drive machinery attached to the shaft.
    If desired, in order to prevent the heating chambers 18 heating the air until the body 10 is rotating at a sufficiently high speed, the reflector 22 may be provided with a centrifugally operated shutter which prevents radiation from reaching the chambers 18 until the body 10 is rotating at a sufficiently high speed.
    It is estimated that with a body having a diameter of 300 to 600 mm a power output of 1 to 10 kilowatts could be achieved.
    Because the compression chambers 12 and the heating chambers 18 are mounted in the same rotatably mounted body 10 and because the engine is of a generally simple construction, the present invention provides a particularly convenient way of converting solar radiation into mechanical energy in the form of a rotating output drive.
    The engine hereinbefore described is only an example of an engine embodying the present invention and modifications may be made to this engine without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined bathe appended claims.
    For example, the body 10 could be provided with a different number of pairs of compression and heating chambers, e.g.
    three.
    Also, the radially extending walls of the compression chamber 12 and the circumferentially extending walls of the heating chambers 18 may be modified to achieve optimum flow characteristics of air through the body 10.
    Furthermore, although the engine has been described as operating in air, it could be operated in another gaseous medium.
    Another modification is illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 which shows part of another heat engine embodying the present invention.
    The heat engine shown in Figures 4 and 5 is basically similar to the engine shown in Figures 1 to 3 and like parts have been denoted by the same reference numerals.
    However, the engine is provided with heater fins 40 which extend circumferentially from the exits 20 of each of the heating chambers 18 around the compression chamber 12.
    The fins 40 also extend radially through the outer wall of the body 10 and are bounded at their radially inner ends by walls 42 which extend parallel to the axis of the body 10.
    The walls 42 together with the outer wall of the body 10 define four pre-heating chambers 44 and these chambers 44 are provided with inlets 46 from the compression chamber 12, these inlets 46 being smaller in area than the inlets 16.
    The purpose of the chambers 44 and the fins 40 is to pre-heat air prior to its entry into the heating chamber 18 by heat transfer from the air expelled from the outlets 20.
    An engine embodying the invention may be used for any desired purpose for example to drive an electricity generator or to pump water in developing countries or to drive rotary lifting surfaces and/or a propellor in an aircraft.
    Since an engine embodying the invention does not require the gas to act between relatively moving parts which is the case in turbines, for example the problems encountered in such cases due to leakage between the parts is avoided so that the efficiency of the engine is high and very small versions of the engine may be made without loss of efficiency due to leakage.
    WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. A heat engine comprising a body mounted for rotation about an axis and having at least one compression chamber and a heating chamber associated with the or each compression chamber, the or each compression chamber having a gas inlet, a gas outlet
    positioned radially outwardly of the inlet relative to said axis, the or each heating chamber having an inlet connected to the outlet of the associated compression chamber and an outlet, and solar heating means being provided to heat gas in the or each heating chamber, the means comprising an optical system to direct solar radiation into the or each heating chamber, whereby, in use, when the body is located in a gaseous medium, gas is drawn through the inlet of each compression chamber, heated in each heating chamber and expelled from the outlet of each heating chamber in a direction to provide a driving torque to rotate the body about the axis.
  2. 2. An engine according to claim 1 wherein the optical system comprises a first reflector which, in use, collects the solar radiation and reflects it on to a second reflector mounted on or adjacent the axis of rotattion of the body, the second reflector reflecting the radiation on to the or each heating chamber and the or each heating chamber extending circumferentially around the body.
  3. 3. An engine according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the or each heating chamber is provided with internal heat exchanging fins.
  4. 4. An engine according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the body is generally disc-shaped having compression and heating chambers disposed alternately around the axis, each compression chamber having a gas inlet adjacent the axis and each heating chamber having an outlet spaced radially outwardly of said inlet.
  5. 5. An engine according to claim 4 wherein in each compression chamber is segment shaped and each heating chamber extends circumferentially of the body and is circular in cross section.
  6. 6. An engine according to Claim 4 or Claim 5 wherein the ratio of the diameter of the body to its width is approximately 10:1.
  7. 7. An engine according to any one of Claims 4 to 6 wherein the ratio of the area of the outlet to the inlet of the heating chamber is approximately 4:1.
  8. 8. An engine according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the or each heating chamber is thermally insulated from its associated compression chamber.
  9. 9. An engine according to any one of the preceding claims wherein a pre-heating chamber is provided in association with the or each heating chamber to pre-heat the gas before it enters the or each heating chamber.
  10. 10. An engine according to Claim 9 wherein the or each pre-heating chamber comprises a plurality of heating fins which extend from a location in the path of heated gas leaving the outlet of the next preceding heating chamber and extending through the wall of the body into a pre-heating chamber in front of the next following heating chamber.
  11. 11. A heat engine substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in Figures 1 to 3 of the accompanying drawings.
  12. 12. A heat engine substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in Figures 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings.
GB2881976A 1977-10-10 1977-10-10 Heat engine for producing rotating drive Expired GB1591297A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2881976A GB1591297A (en) 1977-10-10 1977-10-10 Heat engine for producing rotating drive

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2881976A GB1591297A (en) 1977-10-10 1977-10-10 Heat engine for producing rotating drive

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB1591297A true GB1591297A (en) 1981-06-17

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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GB (1) GB1591297A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0521837A1 (en) * 1991-07-05 1993-01-07 TONGIANI MACCHINE S.r.l. Run-of-river turbine
EP1890003A1 (en) * 2005-05-25 2008-02-20 Isuzu Motors Limited Jet steam engine

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0521837A1 (en) * 1991-07-05 1993-01-07 TONGIANI MACCHINE S.r.l. Run-of-river turbine
EP1890003A1 (en) * 2005-05-25 2008-02-20 Isuzu Motors Limited Jet steam engine
EP1890003A4 (en) * 2005-05-25 2011-08-24 Isuzu Motors Ltd Jet steam engine

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PS Patent sealed
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee