FR2953108A1 - Device for packing e.g. sachet containing cream applied on user's body, has wall defining inner volume receiving cosmetic article with another wall, where external surface of former wall and/or latter wall is partially covered by flocking - Google Patents

Abstract

The device (10) has a wall (20) defining three edges (42A, 44A, 46A). Another wall is assembled on the former wall along three edges. The latter wall defines an inner volume that receives a cosmetic article (12) with the former wall. An external surface (38) of the former wall and/or of the latter wall is partially covered by a flocking (26). The walls are made of a same material. The flocking forms a cosmetic product applicator. A fourth edge (40A) of the former wall is formed by a connection fold that connects the fourth edge of the former wall with the latter wall. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a method for fabricating a device for packaging a cosmetic article (2) a cosmetic treatment method.

Description

The present invention relates to a device for packaging a cosmetic article, of the type comprising: a first wall delimiting three edges; - A second wall assembled on the first wall along the three edges, the second wall defining with the first wall an interior volume for receiving the cosmetic article. By "cosmetic accessory" is meant in particular a cosmetic product applicator intended to come into contact with a body surface of a user, with a view to applying a cosmetic product, or a cosmetic treatment tool such as a nail file. or a massage wheel. The term "cosmetic article" also refers to a cosmetic product consisting of a liquid, a gel, a cream, a powder or a compacted solid. In particular, a "cosmetic product" is defined in Council Directive 93/35 / EEC of 14 June 1993.

The device according to the invention applies, for example, to the packaging of a cosmetic article in the form of a sachet, a wipe pack or a refill of a cosmetic product. From FR 2 484 372 a bag of the above-mentioned type is known, in which two thin sheets which may comprise a layer of fabric or nonwoven are assembled together by heat-sealing or gluing to package, for example, cosmetics. Such a bag has a satisfactory external appearance, but remains expensive to manufacture, since it is necessary to have a laminate material comprising a fabric or a nonwoven to achieve it. FR 2 857 292 and FR 2 856 981 describe overmoulded or assembled containers having an outer layer and an insert for forming the tip of the container. These containers have at most two edges assembled together. It is therefore necessary to provide a large insert to close the outside volume defined by the container.

EP 0 913 271 and US 2008/0050548 disclose films comprising a flocked layer. An object of the invention is to obtain a packaging device that is simple and inexpensive to produce, while having a pleasant external appearance, the device can be used in many applications.

For this purpose, the invention relates to a device of the aforementioned type, characterized in that an outer surface of the first wall and / or the second wall is at least partially covered by a flocking. The device according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following characteristics, taken separately or in any combination (s) technically possible (s): - the interior volume is closed exclusively by the connection between the first wall and the second wall at least along the three edges; the first wall and the second wall are made of material; a fourth edge of the first wall is formed by a fold of connection with the second wall; - The first wall is fixed on the second wall along the entire length of the three edges, the inner volume being closed sealingly by the three edges when the first wall is applied to the second wall, the three edges being advantageously contiguous; at least one of the first wall and the second wall is formed based on a plurality of layers assembled together; the plurality of layers comprises a barrier layer substantially impermeable to the passage of a liquid, advantageously a metal layer; the first wall delimits an internal surface devoid of flocking, the second wall delimiting a complementary internal surface devoid of flocking, the inner surface of the first wall being assembled on the complementary internal surface of the second wall along the three edges; - An outer surface of the second wall is at least partially covered by a flocking, the first wall defining an inner surface devoid of flocking, the inner surface of the first wall being assembled on the outer surface of the second wall along the three edges; the flocking is adapted to form a cosmetic product applicator; and the interior volume contains a cosmetic article formed by a cosmetic product applicator advantageously chosen from a wipe, a veil, and a sheet, or contains a cosmetic article formed by a cosmetic product advantageously in the form of a liquid, a powder, cream, gel, or solid. The subject of the invention is also a method for manufacturing a device for packaging a cosmetic article, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: - supply of a first wall delimiting three edges and a second wall ; - At least partial coverage of an outer surface of the first wall and / or the second wall by flocking; and - assembling the second wall on the first wall along the three edges to define with the first wall an interior volume for receiving a cosmetic article. The method according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in any combination (s) technically possible (s): - the covering step is performed before the step assembly.

The invention further relates to a cosmetic treatment method, of the type comprising the following steps: - providing a device as defined above; and - applying the outer surface at least partially covered by flocking on a body surface of a user.

The method according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following characteristics: the method comprises a step of soaking the outer surface covered at least partially by flocking in a cosmetic product, before the application of the external surface to a body surface of a user; and the method comprises a step of introducing a user's finger or hand into the interior volume, the application of the external surface being carried out by jointly moving the user's finger or hand with the device relative to the body surface. The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example, and with reference to the appended drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a front view of a first device according to the invention forming a packaging bag of a cosmetic article; Figure 2 is a side view of the device of Figure 1; - Figure 3 is a partial sectional view of a wall of the device of Figure 1; - Figure 4 is a schematic view of the various steps of a method of manufacturing the wall shown in Figure 3; - Figure 5 is a view of a peripheral edge of the device of Figure 1, during its assembly; - Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 5 of an alternative packaging device; - Figure 7 is a partial perspective view of a third device according to the invention, forming a product refill. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 1 of a fourth device according to the invention; FIG. 9 is a view similar to FIG. 1 of a fifth device according to the invention; FIG. 10 is a similar view. in Figure 1 of a sixth device according to the invention - Figure 11 is a view similar to Figure 1 of a seventh device according to the invention forming a wipes pack; - Figure 12 is a view similar to Figure 1 of an eighth device according to the invention forming a bunker. In all that follows, the terms "inside" and "outside" refer to the inner volume of conditioning of the cosmetic article.

The terms "upper" and "lower" mean the orientation chosen in the figures. A first device 10 for packaging a cosmetic article 12 is shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. The cosmetic article 12 contained in the device 10 is advantageously a cosmetic product, such as a liquid, a cream, a gel, a powder or a compacted solid. In a variant, the cosmetic article 12 is a cosmetic product applicator, previously or non-impregnated with a cosmetic product, or a cosmetic treatment tool such as a nail file or a massage wheel.

The applicator is for example a wipe, a veil, a fabric, a patch, a disc, or a square intended to be impregnated with the cosmetic product for the application of this product on a body surface of a user. This impregnation was carried out before the insertion of the cosmetic article 12 into the packaging device 10, or can be performed after the device 10 has been opened.

The device 10 comprises a container 14 substantially flat bag-shaped. This container 14 thus has a thickness less than its other dimensions, such as its maximum length or its maximum width. In this example, the container 14 has a substantially polygonal outer contour 16. In a variant, the contour 16 has segments of curved shape.

As will be seen below, the container 14 is manipulable by the user between a storage configuration of the cosmetic article 12, in which the cosmetic article 12 is sealed in the container 14, and a dispensing configuration of the cosmetic article 12, wherein the container 14 has been opened to release access to the cosmetic article 12. Referring to Figure 2, the container 14 has a first wall 20, a second complementary wall 22 placed against the first wall 20 for delimiting with the first wall 20 an interior volume 24 for receiving the cosmetic article 12. According to the invention, the container 14 comprises an outer flocking 26 covering at least partially one and / or the other of the first wall 20 and the second wall 22. It further comprises an adhesive layer 28 fixing the flocking 26 on the first wall 20 and / or the second wall 22. In the example shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the container 14 is made in one piece based on a multilayer sheet 18 visible in Figure 3. The first wall 20 and the second wall 22 are thus made of material. In a variant, the first wall 20 and the second wall 22 are made from separate sheets 18 assembled one on the other. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the first wall 20 and the second wall 22 comprise in this example at least one inner layer 30 made of plastic, defining an inner surface 32 of the wall 20, 22, an intermediate barrier layer 34 and a layer outside 36 delimiting an outer surface 38 of the wall 20, 22.

The inner layer 30 is for example made of polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) or mixtures thereof. The barrier intermediate layer 34 is able to prevent the passage of liquid or gas through the wall 20, 22. It is for example made of metal such as aluminum, or based on a polyethylene terephthalate barrier layer. (PET), polyamide (PA), or vinyl acetate polymer (EVOH). Alternatively, at least one wall 20, 22 is made based on a sheet comprising only two layers, or a monolayer sheet, for example PET, or PP. The total thickness of each wall 20, 22, taken perpendicularly to the inner surface 32 between the inner surface 32 and the outer surface 38 is greater than 3 microns, and is in particular between 3 and 200 microns. The first wall 20 and the second wall 22 have an outer contour of shape defining the outer contour 16 of the container 14. The first wall 20 thus defines a connecting edge 40A, permanently attached to the second wall 22 and defined by a fold of the sheet 18. The first wall 20 further comprises three free edges 42A, 44A, 46A assembled on the second wall 22. In the example shown in Figure 1, each edge 40A, 42A, 44A, 46A is formed by a linear segment delimiting a portion of the outer contour 16. The edges 40A, 42B, 44A, 46A extend one after the other, each edge being contiguous to two adjacent edges. Similarly, the second wall 22 comprises a complementary connecting edge 40B delimited by a fold of the sheet 18 and three complementary free edges 42B, 44B, 46B assembled on the first wall 20 respectively facing the edges 42A, 44A, 46A.

The edges 40B, 42B, 44B and 46B of the second wall 22 define an outer contour of the second wall of identical shape to the outer contour of the first wall 20 and the contour of the container 14. Each edge 42A, 44A, 46A of the first wall 20 is assembled on a respective complementary edge 42A, 44B, 46B of the second wall 22. Thus, the inner surface 32 of the first wall 20 is fixed on the inner surface 32 of the second wall 22 along the respective edges 42A, 42B; 44A, 44B; 46A, 46B. Inside the edges 42A, 42B; 44A, 44B; 46A, 46B, the walls 20, 22 are free relative to each other. The inner surface 32 of the first wall 20 is adapted to be moved or kept away from the inner surface 32 of the second wall 22 to delimit the interior volume 24. The peripheral fraction of the inner surface 32 of the first wall 20 connected to the second wall 22 is less than 60% of the total inner surface 32 of the first wall 20. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the first wall 20 is applied to the second wall 22 continuously on the entire length of the first edge 42A, the entire length of the second edge 44A and the entire length of the third edge 46A. Thus, in the closure configuration of the container 14, the internal volume 24 is sealingly closed over the entire periphery of the container 14 by the material coming between the edges 40A, 40B and / or by the continuous assembly between the edges. 42A, 42B, between the edges 44A, 44B and between the edges 46A, 46B, without the need to interpose an insert between the walls 20, 22. As mentioned above, the flocking 26 at least partially covers the surface 38 of the first wall 20 and / or the second wall 22. In the example shown in Figures 1 to 4, the flocking 26 partially covers the outer surface 38 of the first wall 20 and partially the outer surface 38 of the second wall 22.

It thus defines on these surfaces 38 regions 50 covered with flocking 26 and regions 52 discovered. The ratio of the area occupied by the covered regions 50 to the total outer surface 38 on each wall 20, 22 is advantageously greater than 2% and is for example between 30% and 100%. The covered regions 50 delimit patterns of selected or random shapes. The flocking 26 is formed by a plurality of short fibers 54 assembled on the outer surface 38 being substantially perpendicular to the surface 38. The length of the short fibers 54 is for example between 0.1 mm and 3 mm. The short fibers 54 are made from natural fibers such as cotton, regenerated natural fibers, such as viscose, or totally synthetic fibers, such as polyamide, polyacrylonitrile or polyester fibers. The short fibers 54 are arranged perpendicular to the outer surface 38 in lateral contact with each other. Thus, when a user touches the flocking 26 from the outside, the presence of the fibers 54 generates a touch of "velvet" type. Flocking 26 is colored or not. It can be transparent, monochrome or multicolored. After being deposited on the outer surface 38, the flocking 26 may be printed, calendered or embossed. As will be seen below, the flocking 26 is adapted to advantageously form a cosmetic product applicator. The flocking 26 is adapted to be contacted with a body surface of a user to distribute the product on that surface.

The adhesive layer 28 is disposed on the covered regions 50 for fixing the fibers 54 on these regions 50. The adhesive layer 28 has a small thickness, especially less than 10% of the thickness of the first wall 20 and / or the second 22. A method of manufacturing the first device 10 will now be described. This method comprises a step of producing a sheet 18 comprising a flocking 26, then a step of producing a container 14 receiving the cosmetic article 12. Initially, as shown in FIG. 4, a multilayer sheet 18 is provided by example in the form of a continuous roll. The adhesive layer 28 is applied to the regions 50 of the outer surface 38 intended to be covered by the flocking 26 for example by placing a stencil 70 on the outer surface 38 to cover regions 52 to be subsequently discovered. The adhesive forming the layer 28 is then applied for example by spraying from a nozzle 72 on the regions 50. Alternatively, the adhesive is applied directly to the regions 50 of the outer surface 38, without using a stencil 70 for example by calendering, coating, or printing using rollers. Then, the fibers 54 are provided. These fibers 54 are deposited by gravity on the outer surface 38 by passing them through an orientation device 74. The device 74 is capable of generating an electrostatic field capable of orienting the fibers 54 perpendicularly to the outer surface 38.

The fibers 54 thus oriented are deposited over the entire surface 38. In the regions 50 covered with the adhesive layer 28, the fibers 54 come into contact with the adhesive layer 28. Then, the outer surface 38 is brought against an activation device for the adhesive 28 formed for example by heating elements 76 such as UV or infrared lamps. The heating causes the activation of the adhesive layer 28, for example by polymerization of the adhesive. The fibers 54 in contact with the adhesive layer 28 are thus fixed permanently on the outer surface 38. Then, the outer surface 38 is brought opposite a cleaning device comprising, for example nozzles 78 for dispensing a gas compressed. The fibers 54 which are not bonded to the surface 38 by the adhesive layer 28, in particular those located opposite the regions 52 intended to be exposed, are evacuated by the compressed gas, whereas the fibers 54 present on the adhesive layer 28 are retained on the outer surface 38. This forms, on the outer surface 38, the areas covered 50 by the flocking 26 and the exposed regions 52 with selected decorative patterns. The sheet 18 covered with flocking 26 is folded on itself to bring the first wall 20 of the second wall 22 together and form the bound edges 40A, 40B by folding each container 14.

During this withdrawal, the cosmetic article 12 is interposed between the first wall 20 and the second wall 22 to be contained in the interior volume 24 defined by these walls. As illustrated in FIG. 5, each edge 42A, 44A, 46A of the first wall 20 is then assembled on a complementary edge 42B, 44B, 46B of the second wall 22, by interposition of an adhesive, by heating and clipping, or by a combination of the two, as shown in Figure 5.

Once assembled together, the walls 20, 22 delimit a sealed interior volume 24 containing the cosmetic article 12. The interior volume 24 is completely closed at its periphery by the application of the three edges 42A, 44A, 46A of the first wall on the respective three edges 42B, 44B, 46B of the second wall 22, and the fold forming the edges 40A, 40B. The sheet 18 is then cut to form the container 14. In the case where the first wall 20 and the second wall 22 are in one piece, the sheet 18 is cut along the edges 42A, 44A, 46A of the first wall 20 , and along the complementary edges 46B, 44B, 42B of the second wall 22.

The container 14 in the form of bag thus formed has a very satisfactory aesthetic appearance and is achieved at a lower cost. To use the device 10, the user tears the first wall 20 and / or the second wall 22 to release an access opening to the interior volume 24. He then grasps with his fingers the cosmetic article 12 present in the interior volume 22 or alternatively press on the walls 20, 22 to extract the cosmetic article 12 out of the inner volume 22 by the opening it has just created. Alternatively, the container 14 is used as an applicator after opening. The user then introduces a finger or a hand in the interior volume 24. Then, it impregnates a cosmetic product flocking 26 present on the outer surface.

The cosmetic product present on the flocking 26 is then deposited on the body surface of the user by spreading or buffering it. This body surface is advantageously the skin or keratinous fibers of the user. In a variant shown in Figure 6, the inner surface 32 of the first wall 20 is applied along an edge 42C on the outer surface 38 of the second wall 22 along a complementary edge 42D. In this case, the inner surface 32 can be fixed on an exposed region 52 or at least partially on a covered region 50 by flocking 26. A second device 90 according to the invention is shown in FIG. device 10, this device 90 comprises a product distribution insert 92 interposed between the first wall 20 and the second wall 22 between an edge 94A of the first wall 20 and an edge 94B of the second wall 22. The edges 94A, 94B of connection with the insert 92 are located apart from each other and are each applied to the insert 92, on either side of the insert 92. The edges 94A, 94B are respectively interposed between first assembled edges 42A, 42B of the walls 20, 22 and second assembled edges 44A, 44D of the walls 20, 22.

The insert 92 delimits a product dispensing passage 96 opening into the interior volume 24. The insert 92 is advantageously provided with a removable plug 98 for closing the passage 96 to close the internal volume 24 towards the outside. second device 90 advantageously forms a cosmetic product refill. To use the second device 90, the user opens the cap 98 to release the passage 96 and presses the walls 20, 22 towards each other to discharge product out of the volume 24 through the passage 96. A third device 100 according to the invention is shown in Figure 8. Unlike the second device 90, the insert 92 forms a support base of the device on a surface. It is thus fixed along a substantially horizontal lower edge 94A of the first wall 20 and along a substantially horizontal lower edge 94B of the second wall 22. The interior volume 24 is moreover closed along the left edges 42A , 42B of the walls 20, 22, along the upper edges 44A, 44B of the walls 20, 22 and right edges 46A, 46B of the walls 20, 22. A fourth device 110 according to the invention is shown in FIG. the difference of the first device 10, the fourth device 110 comprises two containers 14 of structure similar to the container 14 shown in Figure 1 connected to each other along an adjacent edge 44A, 44B breakable. Containers 14 are not necessarily of identical dimensions. Each container 14 comprises a first wall 20 having three edges 42A, 44A, 46A assembled on three respective edges 42B, 44B, 46B of a second wall 22, as described above.

At least one of the containers 14 comprises a fourth edge 40A of the first wall 20 assembled on a fourth edge 40B of the second wall 22. A fifth device 120 according to the invention is shown in FIG. 10. Unlike the first device 10 the container 14 of the fifth device 120 has a second wall 22 which has a lower portion 122 and an upper portion 124 folded towards the first wall 20. The lower portion 122 is connected to the first wall 20 by a fold formed along the edges upper 40A, 40B. The lower portion 122 also defines two side edges 46B, 42B. A first lateral edge 42A of the first wall 20 is fixed on a portion of the lateral edge 42B of the second wall 20 located on the lower part 122. Similarly, a second lateral edge 46A of the first wall 20 is fixed on a part of the lateral edge 46B of the second wall 20 located on the lower part 122. The upper portion 124 of the second wall 22 defines a longitudinal edge 44B substantially perpendicular to the edges 42B, 46B. A longitudinal edge 44A of the first wall 20 substantially perpendicular to the lateral edges 42A, 46A is fixed on the longitudinal edge 44B defined by the upper part 124. In addition, the upper portion 124 defines two portions 42C, 46C of lateral edges which are folded on themselves and which are fixed respectively on the lateral edges 42B and 46B of the lower part 122.

A sixth device 130 according to the invention is shown in FIG. 11. Unlike the fifth device 120, a central opening 132 is delimited between the longitudinal edges 44A, 44B on a median portion of the length of these edges. The opening 132 opens into the interior volume 24. It is for example covered by a removable closure sheet 134 to allow access to the interior volume 24.

The cosmetic article 12 present in the interior volume 24 is then advantageously a wipe, a veil or a fabric that can be extracted through the opening 132. The sixth device 130 forms a wipe pack. A seventh device 140 according to the invention is shown in FIG. 12. This seventh device 140 constitutes a carton for example intended to contain a cosmetic product. The seventh device 140 has the sixth device 130 in that the side edges 42A, 42B, 42C assembled located on one side of the container extend in a distinct direction D1 and advantageously substantially perpendicular to the direction D2 along which extend the side edges 46A, 46B, 46C. The container 14 thus has a general prismatic shape, of triangular vertical section. In a variant (shown in dotted lines), an insert 92 is disposed between the two longitudinal edges 44A, 44B assembled together over part of their length.

The terms "one," "two, or three," etc. must be understood as "at least one", "at least two" or "at least three" ..., etc. unless otherwise stated.

Claims (1)

1. A device (10; 90; 100; 110; 120; 130; 140) for packaging a cosmetic article (12) of the type comprising: a first wall (20) delimiting three edges (42A, 44A, 46A); ); a second wall (22) assembled on the first wall (20) along the three edges (42A, 44A, 46A), the second wall (22) delimiting with the first wall (20) an interior volume (24) intended to receive the cosmetic article (12); characterized in that an outer surface (38) of the first wall (20) and / or the second wall (22) is at least partially covered by a flocking (26). 2.- Device (10; 90; 120; 130; 140) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first wall (20) and the second wall (22) are integral. 3.- Device (10; 90; 100; 110; 120; 130; 140) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a fourth edge (40A) of the first wall (20) is formed by a foldback of connection with the second wall (22). 4.- Device (10; 90; 100; 110; 120; 130; 140) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first wall (20) is fixed on the second wall (22) according to the entire length of the three edges (42A, 44A, 46A), the inner volume (24) being sealingly closed by the three edges (42A, 44A, 46A) when the first wall (20) is applied to the second wall (22) , the three edges (42A, 44A, 46A) being advantageously contiguous. 5.- Device (10; 90; 100; 110; 120; 130; 140) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the first wall (20) and the second wall (22); ) is formed from a plurality of layers (30, 34, 36) joined together. 6.- Device (10; 90; 100; 110; 120; 130; 140) according to claim 5, characterized in that the plurality of layers (30, 34, 36) comprises a barrier layer (34) substantially impermeable to the passage a liquid, preferably a metal layer. 7.- Device (10; 90; 100; 110; 120; 130; 140) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first wall (20) delimits an internal surface (32) devoid of flocking (26). ), the second wall (22) defining a complementary inner surface (32) without flocking (20), the inner surface (32) of the first wall (20) being assembled on the inner surface (32) complementary to the second wall (22) along the three edges (42A, 44A, 46A). 8.- Device (10; 90; 100; 110; 120; 130; 140) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that an outer surface (38) of the second wall (22) is covered at least partially by flocking (26), the first wall (20) delimiting an inner surface (32) free of flocking (26), the inner surface (32) of the first wall (20) being assembled on the outer surface ( 38) of the second wall (22) along the three edges (42A, 44A, 46A). 9.- Device (10; 90; 100; 110; 120; 130; 140) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flocking (26) is adapted to form a cosmetic product applicator. 10.- Device (10; 90; 100; 110; 120; 130; 140) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the interior volume (24) contains a cosmetic article (12) formed by an applicator of cosmetic product advantageously chosen from a wipe, a veil, and a sheet, or contains a cosmetic article (12) formed by a cosmetic product advantageously in the form of a liquid, a powder, a cream, a gel , or a solid. 11. A method of manufacturing a device (10; 90; 100; 110; 120; 130; 140) for packaging a cosmetic article, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: - providing a first wall (20) defining three edges (42A, 44A, 46A) and a second wall (22); - At least partial coverage of an outer surface (38) of the first wall (20) and / or the second wall (22) by a flocking (26); - Assembling the second wall (22) on the first wall (20) along the three edges (40A, 44A, 46A) to define with the first wall (20) an interior volume (24) for receiving a cosmetic article (12). ). 12. A process according to claim 11, characterized in that the covering step is performed before the assembly step. 13. A cosmetic treatment method, of the type comprising the following steps: providing a device (10; 90; 100; 110; 120; 130; 140) according to any one of claims 1 to 10; - Applying the outer surface (38) at least partially covered by a flocking (26) on a body surface of a user. 14.- Method according to claim 13, characterized in that it comprises a step of dipping the outer surface (38) covered at least partially by a flocking (26) in a cosmetic product, before the application of the outer surface on a body surface of a user. 15.- Method according to any one of claims 13 or 14, characterized in that it comprises a step of introducing a finger or a hand of a user into the interior volume (24), the applying the outer surface by moving the user's finger or hand together with the device (10; 90; 100; 110; 120; 130; 140) relative to the body surface.