FR2780424A1 - Vertical reinforced concrete wall cast in situ in ground - Google Patents

Abstract

The wall is cast in situ in the form of a series of solid reinforced concrete S-section elements (1), each with two vertical and parallel end members (2, 2') offset relative to one another across the width of the wall and connected by an intermediate vertical oblique member (3). Both the end members and the intermediate member are between 2 and 2.5 m long and 60 - 120 cm thick, with the intermediate member forming an angle of between 15 and 25 degrees with a plane perpendicular to the end members. Each wall element measures 4 - 6 m long and 2.5 - 3.5 m wide, and is cast in a shaped trench dug by a cutter.

Description

The invention relates to walls essentially consisting of one or

several vertical walls in

  reinforced concrete molded in situ in the ground.

  A particular application of the invention is the use of these walls to constitute a port quay. The wall of the invention is characterized in that it consists of a series of monoblock wall sections having in horizontal cross section an "S" profile and arranged alternately in a position

and in the reverse position.

  Preferably, each "S" wall section comprises two vertical and parallel end walls, offset from one another both in a longitudinal direction and in a transverse direction, connected by a vertical intermediate wall and oblique to said

end walls.

  The invention also applies to a method for

realize this wall.

  According to the invention, the ground is dug to make a hole having at least the configuration of a section of wall to be produced, a one-piece reinforcement cage having said configuration is introduced into the hole, a curable concrete composition is poured into the hole, let the composition harden, and start again

  operations by alternating the arrangements of the sections.

  According to an advantageous feature of the method of the invention, the soil is hollowed out using a tool of the type

cutter.

  An exemplary embodiment of a wall according to the invention and examples of application will be described below, with reference to the figures of the attached drawing, in which: - Figure 1 is a section of the wall by a horizontal plane of so as to show a section of the wall and part of the adjacent sections; - Figure 2 is a horizontal plane of the angle of a quay where are connected, at the square, two walls according to the invention; Figure 3 is a horizontal plane of the angle of a platform where two walls are connected obliquely according to the invention; - Figure 4 is a section of a quay section in a plane; - Figure 5 is a larger detail view

  scale of part of figure 4.

  There is shown in FIG. 1, in section through a horizontal plane, a section (1) of a wall (P) according to the invention, marked A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, total length (L) from 4 to 6 meters and total width

(E) from 2.5 to 3.5 meters.

  This section consists of two vertical and parallel end walls (2, 2 '), each having a length (1) (counted along the median plane of the wall

  end) in the range 2 - 2.5 meters.

  These two end walls (2,2 ') are offset from each other both along the length and the width of the wall (P) and are connected by a vertical intermediate wall (3) whose length (m) (counted along the median plane of the wall

  intermediate) and included in the interval 2 -

2.5 meters.

  The intermediate wall has an angle aE of 15 to 25 with a plane which would be perpendicular to the end walls. In a typical embodiment, the end walls and the intermediate wall of a section have a thickness

(e) from 60 to 120 centimeters.

  The end walls of a section preferably have a horizontal cross section of generally rectangular shape. In the case shown, it will be noted that the exterior angles (EDC) and (JIH) of the end walls are rectangular while the interior angles (FGH) and

(ABC) are greater than 900.

  To make a wall, the ground is dug at the place provided to form an excavation having in horizontal cross section the shape and dimensions of a section and having the desired depth for the

wall height.

  According to an important advantage of the invention, compared to conventional diaphragm walls, excavation, instead of requiring the use of a mechanical shovel, can

  be carried out using a "cutter" type tool

  that is to say a tool which comprises two rotors provided at their periphery with knives which cut the earth and send it between the rotors to be evacuated, the tool descending into the excavation progressively

the evacuation of the earth.

  We put in the excavation a monolithic reinforcement having the configuration of the section and we

  liquid concrete is pouring into the excavation.

  After the concrete has hardened, an adjacent excavation is made but in an inverted arrangement

and we start the operations again.

  A wall according to the invention is thus produced step by step. The bonding of the sections is obtained by indentation of an end edge of a section in the contiguous end edge of the following section, in a manner known per se in FIG. 1, these indentations

are marked (4 and 5).

  To connect two walls (P, P ') with each other, wall elements are molded in the ground having a shape suitable for connecting the walls, for example an element (6) in the form of a square if the two walls to be connected extend in two perpendicular directions (Figure 2) or an element (9) having a horizontal cross section in the shape of "C", if the two walls to be connected extend in two directions

  oblique to each other (Figure 3).

  When it is necessary to keep the wall in place, for example when the soil is excavated from one side of the wall, which is the case when the wall must form a quay, the wall is held by tie rods fixed to

  retainers located in the ground.

  This technique is known per se but the invention allows a particularly advantageous embodiment due to the better inertia of the wall structure

in a vertical plane.

  With the wall of the invention, the tie rods can be arranged at the upper part of the wall and even in horizontal beams which are formed at the top of the wall above the sections of

walls, in a manner known per se.

  FIG. 4 thus shows in vertical section, a beam (13) produced on a wall (P) and to which is fixed a tie rod (11) whose other end is fixed to a

  vertical retainer (12) sunk into the ground (8).

  In a manner known per se, the beams (13) are produced in situ on the wall (P) made up of sections (1) with bonding of the reinforcements of

  beams and reinforcement of wall sections.

  There is shown in Figure 5 a detail view where we see that the tie rods (11) almost lead to the

front face (13a) of the beam (13).

  Slabs (14) are placed between the beams (13) and the retaining elements (12) to constitute the

quay roadway.

  In figure 4, the water level bordered by the quay is indicated in S2 and that of the bottom of the port is

indicated in Si.

  The invention is not limited to the embodiments which have been described above.

Claims (15)

  1. Vertical wall in reinforced concrete (P) obtained by molding in situ in the ground, characterized in that it consists of a series of monoblock wall sections (1) having in horizontal cross section an "S" profile and arranged alternately in a position and a reverse position.   2. Wall according to claim 1, each section (1) of wall in "S" comprises two vertical and parallel end walls (2,2 '), offset relative to each other both according to the length and along the width of the wall (P) and connected by an intermediate wall (3) vertical and oblique to to said end walls.   3. Wall according to claim 2, the two end walls (2, 2 ') of a section each have a length (1) in the interval 2 2.5 meters (counted along the median plane of the wall end) and whose intermediate wall (3) of a section has a length (m) counted along the median plane of the wall   intermediate) in the range 2 - 2.5 meters.   4. Wall according to claim 2 or 3, the intermediate wall (3) of a section makes an angle of 15 to 25 with a plane perpendicular to the end walls (2.2 ').   5. Wall according to one of claims 2 to 4 including   the end walls (2,2 ') and the intermediate wall   (3) of a section have a thickness (e) of 60 to 120 cm.   6. Wall according to one of claims 2 to 5 including   the end walls (2,2 ′) of a section have a horizontal cross section of generally rectangular shape.   7. Wall according to one of claims 2 to 6 including   the sections (1) have an individual length (L) of 4 to 6 meters and an individual width (E) of 2.5 to 3.5 meters.   8. Wall according to one of claims 1 to 7, of which   each section is reinforced by a cage of reinforcements individual monolithic.   9. Method for producing a wall according to one of   claims 1 to 8, in which the soil is excavated for   make a hole having at least the "S" configuration of a section of wall to be made, a monolithic reinforcement cage having said configuration is introduced into the hole, a composition of hardenable concrete is poured into the hole, it is allowed to harden the composition, and the operations are restarted by alternating the arrangements of the configurations for producing the wall. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein   digs the soil using a cutter-type tool.   11. Method according to one of claims 9 and 10   in which a reinforced concrete beam (13) is produced on the sections (1) and this beam is connected to a plurality of tie rods which lead to vertical retaining elements (12) located in the ground on one side of the wall.   12. Method according to one of claims 9 to 11   in which wall elements (6) are molded in situ having a horizontal cross section in an angled configuration to connect two walls (P, P ') which extend   in two perpendicular directions.   13. Method according to one of claims 9 to 11   in which elements (9) are molded in situ having a horizontal cross section in the form of a "C" to connect together two walls (P, P ') which extend in two oblique directions, one by compared to each other.   14. Method according to one of claims 9 to 13   in which we excavate the earth on one side of the wall.   15. Quays with one or more walls   vertical according to one of claims 1 to 8 or   produced by a method according to one of claims 9 to 14.