FR2519669A1 - Modular panel for heating of building - comprises wooden frame housing solar collector with insulation etc. - Google Patents

Abstract

The heat efficiency of new or existing buildings is increased by installing modular panels side-by-side which are separated from other panels positioned in front and/or behind by an air gap. The panels are held in place by upper and lower guides secured to the building structure. The panels consist of at least two uprights (5) interconnected by horizontals (6) and diagonals (8). The panels can be made of wood, metal or plastics and may house solar collectors or insulation material according to the requirements of the installation.

Description

The present invention relates to a scalable and modular construction process for energy saving by improving the isolation and exploitation of solar energy in new or old buildings by the implementation of a plurality of industrialized elements. obtained from basic components having the same characteristics. These industrialized elements are placed in successive layers one before the other, married to each other or to known elements. They are joined to each other and to the supporting structure by a mechanical process to form either new constructions or the improvement of old buildings.

The known processes for saving energy, whether for insulation or for the exploitation of solar energy, are independent and very little industrialized.

They do not include a common construction system allowing a coherent flexible and therefore economical application.

In fact, the known methods for exterior insulation used mainly for old buildings do not use modular industrialized elements because the surfaces to be treated are custom-made and therefore use the various custom-made components. and on site and are not concerned with recovering solar energy.

The methods for exploiting solar energy use sensors which are used in construction.

The storage and the devices for restoring this energy are placed in different places, which requires transfer circuits and increases the price while decreasing the yield. These different processes are imagined separately, associating poorly with each other and with the architecture, in addition, they are often difficult to implement as much for their fixing as their sealing with the rest of the construction.

The present invention aims to solve some of these problems, to improve and simplify these methods by the implementation of a common method. It allows, by mass production of basic components with the same characteristics, to obtain a minimum basic price. These components are then arranged to obtain a plurality of elements which have various functions such as - elements for supporting structure J for wall support of ceiling and cover support, - elements of insulation, - elements of sensors, - elements of stookeurs, - elements of restorer of energy called emitter, - super-insulating window elements, - exterior cladding elements.

These various elements are themselves married during their implementation in order to obtain composite structures, for example sensor, insulator store, insulator and emitter which are called thermo-solar cell. They are placed one next to the other and in successive layers one in front of the other held at the bottom and at the top by guides fixed to the support structure, secured to each other and to the support structure by a process. mechanical assembly which makes it possible to carry out all combinations, all constructions, evolution immediately or over time.

This process also allows custom surfaces to be treated with modular elements. This is how we can construct various buildings quickly by using the structural elements on the wall, in the ceiling support and in the roof support, providing them with superior insulation by installing insulation elements. and super insulating window block, at the same time equipping them with solar thermal cell elements. The assembly is then covered with new and known waterproof and decorative exterior facing elements.

We can also improve an old building, either by its walls or its frame, by installing an exterior envelope comprising perfect insulation and a waterproof and decorative exterior facing which can also be a thermo-solar assembly. The invention provides for the manufacture of all the elements necessary for implementing the method. The mechanical parts necessary for assembling the elements and fixing them are made from metal profiles, a wooden frieze or other materials such as anchoring profiles. sliding at 900 with equal wings, iron in L or in U etc. They receive some arrangements such as drilling holes, slots, welds of legs, manufacture of consoles provided with holes and slots for fixing and adjustment to the structure carrier, manufacture of guides pierced with holes and slots for the installation, adjustment and fixing of the various elements. Some of these guides can be replaced by concrete guides arranged in the ground.

The elements are assembled in various ways depending on whether they are used as a load-bearing wall as a ceiling support as a roofing support, outdoor or indoor thermo-solar elements. The load-bearing wall elements are anchored in the ground by a sealed anchor profile bolted through the lower spacer. They are chained at the top by chaining either above or in front of the elements. They are secured together by bolting through their lateral uprights. They are braced by the laying of a cross of St Andrew on the elements.

When used in ceiling support, they are placed on the chaining and bolted into the walls perpendicular to the facade. When used as a roofing support, they are placed on purlins that rest on rods fixed along the gable, cross or firm walls parallel to the slope. They are joined together, the purlins, the walls and the support elements of cover by metal brackets or wood.

When they are used in solar thermal elements, they are placed externally and internally, maintained and fixed in guides fixed themselves at the bottom and at the top to the support structure.

When used as insulation elements or ther no-solar on an existing wall or several floors, the guides or rails are fixed to the supporting structure by brackets.

The basic components 1 are produced with rods or profiles of various materials such as wood, galvanized iron, aluminum, concrete, plastic, etc. They are formed by at least two vertical uprights 5 joined by a spacer 6 at the bottom and at the top fixed at the end between the uprights at the end thereof and so as to maintain the squareness of the angles by various known means, l together form a frame. Multiple components 2 are produced by lengthening the low and high spacers 6 and the installation of intermediate uprights 7 fixed between the spacers. These components are manufactured in several couriers.

These elements are load-bearing 3 and in this case, braced by the installation of a strip or a wood 8 diagonally which joins the four angles.

These elements are insulating 4 and in the case an insulating material 9 such as glass wool, expanded polystyrene, polyurethane, cork, metallized plastic film, etc. is fixed to the frame.

By fitting out the basic components, we manufacture a plurality of elements which are:
The sensor elements fig. 4 manufactured with basic components, the frame is treated with varnish, paint or polyester coating. On the face on the bearing wall side is placed a bottom 14 coated with an aluminum sheet 51 on its internal face. This bottom is in plasterboard or metal plywood. Glazed glass 12 is placed on the face exposed to the outside on the uprights or in a rebate. A rubber profile 16 surrounds the glazing and a joint cover 17 fixed by stainless and removable screws maintains the glazing. This joint cover 17 is flat in the case of a joint between two sensors and a square covering the side of the sensor and an additional insulation strip on the side of the sensor in the case of an end joint of a group of sensors.

Between the bottom 14 and the glazing 12 is placed an absorber 13 which may be of a known model with water or air or an absorber according to the invention made up of folded sheet metal elements, for example prepatinated zinc representing the glass side of the kinds of triangular fins 49 and rear side of baffles 50.

These elements are fitted into each other by the covering 49 of the triangular fold to form the profile of FIG. 4 on which appear the triangular folds 49 which form kinds of fins projecting from the vertical line of the plate facing towards glass and as close as possible to it and baffles 50 turned on the inside. These baffles are cut at the end on the right or on the left in order to allow the passage of air and form a serpentine. On the other hand, along these baffles can be made a roller 53 to give more rigidity to the element and in which can be threaded a tube.

These folded metal plates are held in a groove according to its profile arranged in a cork plate for example and glued along the uprights inside the sensor.

On the rear side side of the baffles can be fixed by gluing, clips or threaded into the roller arranged along the baffles a serpentine tube 15 of small diameter, for example of crosslinked polyethylene in which circulates a co-carrying fluid. The sensor can thus be mixed and uses a gaseous or liquid coolant. A hole is arranged at the bottom and at the top to allow the connection of the circulation of the fluid. On the other hand, the pre-weathered zinc absorber elements can be used directly on the batten and fixed by the baffles thus forming an external solar collector coating at low temperature.

The storage elements fig. 6 and 7 are produced in two variants
The liquid storage elements fig, 6 are made with basic components in which are placed vertically between the uprights of the metal tubes 19 to contain a liquid. They are brought together at the bottom and at the top by a collector, the tubes can be of the same diameter from bottom to top or have a throttle at 2/3 of their height in order to avoid convection phenomena inside the repository and block read hot liquid at the top.

Solid storage elements fig. 7 are made with basic components. On each side are placed inside the frame and fixed thereto plates 20 of heavy and rigid material such as concrete or other. Between these plates are stacked vertically rollers 19 'of bricks or any other solid material having calorie storage properties.

In one or the other of the storage can be arranged an electrical resistance for either storing calories from a night tariff or providing additional calories.

The invention also provides for using as storage any traditional wall existing in the case of improvement of old buildings.

The emitting elements fig. 8 are manufactured with basic components on which is fixed on each side a wall 21 covering the frame. These walls' are on the side of the hidden side either plywood, fiber cement, chipboard, plasterboard etc ... and on the side of the home side is plasterboard, plywood, stretched canvas, plastic plate, metal plate. The spacing between the two walls can be maintained by any means to allow the passage of a gaseous fluid.

A pipe coil 22 of crosslinked polyethylene for example can be fixed behind the wall on the housing side to allow the circulation of a liquid.

The covering plate on the interior side of the dwelling does not cover up to the ground, thus creating a free space for the passage of manifold, piping or wiring; then a plinth 52 covers the void.

An electrical resistance 22 can be placed inside between the two walls.

The super-insulating window unit elements fig. 11 and 12 are arranged in basic elements and consist of three parts.

An external block, an internal block and between the two a window 31 which can be of a known model, as well as outside a flap 29
The assembly is assembled in a block at the factory and incorporated into a basic element.

The outer block is made of hard wood, wood covered with polyester or all polyester, concrete, metal or various plastics.

It includes a support 28 with rebate, two side tables 30 and a lintel 36. The assembly forms a frame on which is fixed a window 31 or a door and on the outside a joint cover 35 shaped according to a profile adapted to the model of shutter with rebate or not and the external facing with which it must be connected. This joint cover is placed on the outside on the side faces of the panels and the lintel, it maintains the squaring together and may include the fixing of the flaps.

On the interior side of the window is fixed an interior block 37 formed by four woods joined at the four angles.

They form a frame with a dimension equal to twice the width of the window and a height equal to that of the window, inside this frame at the bottom and at the top.
33 a single or double rail is arranged in which is placed either an insulating curtain 32 in two parts opening laterally through the middle and formed by a metallized sheet of the Rexotherm or Tresilor type enclosed between two sheets of thin plywood or other, or formed by a rigid insulating material such as bare expanded PVC, either an insulating curtain and a two-part window, either a single window in two parts, or two windows in two parts.

On each side of the window, the frame has a bottom on the inside of the wall and a wall 34 on the home side behind which the curtain or the windows slide.

A block identical to the interior block can be placed on the outside and thus the sliding insulating flaps can either be completely outside or slide behind the exterior facing elements so as to be invisible when they are open.

The exterior facing elements are implemented on basic components or at least held at the bottom and at the top in the guides provided by the invention. Exterior siding can be done with any known siding - bricks, concrete blocks, stones, plaster on galvanized metal reinforcement, tiles, slates, shingle, metal, concrete, glass. plastinue, wood, etc.

Or made with the exterior facing elements fig. 2 and 3 and provided for by the invention and which can be either concrete, fiber cement, various plastics, metal, glass, wood, etc. They are in the form of a flat U-shaped profile, the wings being of small size compared to the flat part. They are placed vertically, held by a rail at the bottom and at the top and nested one inside the other, that is to say one with the wings turned outwards and the other inwards to create a decoration on the outside, formed of equal or uneven vertical bands. We can cover a custom surface thanks to the Game favored by the way they are nested which allows to stretch or compress the surface by sliding the elements on the rails 10.

The joints formed between the profiles can be treated with a product such as polyurethane foam as well as for bonding in the bottom and top rails. A special profile is also made for the angles.

Thanks to the mechanical process for assembling the elements fixed in guides 25, it is possible to treat custom-made surfaces with modular elements and for this we place elements on the top and bottom guides starting with the exterior corners of the building and by the angles of the windows, the elements are placed side by side going towards the middle of the panels to be treated. The panel of the medium remaining to be treated and which test cannot be adjusted is treated directly with the insulation or external facing, the assembly being secured by the continuity of the guides.

All these different elements are married to each other or to other known elements and thus form composite structures which are, for example, collector, storage, emitter called thermo solar cell and which are obtained by laying a layer of collector elements 18, 9, 19 storage, 9 and 23 transmitters.

The sensor 18 with known or new, gaseous or liquid, coolant fluid has the function of capturing calories.

The coolant fluid transports these calories into the liquid or solid storage element. These calories are also transported either in the emitting element or taken up in the storage element to transport them in the emitting element to return them to the dwelling.

Between the elements. sensors and stores as well as between the storage and emitting elements is placed an insulating element 9 touching the elements or kept at a distance in order to prevent the return of calories to the outside or the overheating of the dwelling.

In all cases, the sensor elements are assembled at the bottom and at the top with the storage elements and the emitting elements, either with pipes If the coolant is liquid or sheaths if the chosen coolant is gaseous.

The circulation of the coolant fluid is done either by natural convection or thermosiphon and in this case, there are manual non-return valves or valves
The circulation of the coolant can also be accelerated by a pump or fan fitted with an anti-circulation valve and controlled by an electronic regulation which modulates the speed of circulation of the fluid according to the intensity of the sun's shine by means of a photovoltaic cell.

The insulation process implemented either on old buildings or on new buildings is obtained by the marriage of different elements. There is reported on 11 exterior of a new or old building, firstly a layer of insulating elements 9 kept at a distance from the supporting structure by the guides 25 at the top and at the bottom, so as to arrange a strip of air between the insulation and the supporting structure; secondly, a layer of exterior facing elements 11 is attached to these elements, which are kept at a distance from the insulation elements by a rail at the bottom and at the top in order to provide an air space between the insulation elements and external facing elements. These external facing elements can be either the new elements provided by the invention or any known external facing such as plastering on metal reinforcement, concrete blocks, stones, bricks, slates, tiles, wood, concrete. cellular vibrated concrete plate, etc ...

The accompanying drawings represent: fig. 1 - The different basic components fig. 2 and 3 - The exterior facing elements fig. 4 - The section of a solar collector fig. 5 - The section of an insulation element fig. 6 - The section of a liquid storage element fig. 7 - The section of a solid storage element fig. 8 - The section of a transmitting element fig. 9 - The upper part represents the implementation of the
process applied to old buildings fig.10 - The section of a special profile fig.11 - The horizontal section of a super window block
insulator fig.12 - The vertical section of a super iso window block
lant fig.13 - The section of a building showing, a
part of the assembly of the elements, on the other hand,
the application of the wall and support process
ceiling and cover support.

The method according to the invention provides for the implementation of these various elements on the site to construct, for example, a new building for various uses. An anchoring profile 44 is placed on the chaining of a base wall. A concrete platform is poured at the upper level of the profile so that it is well sealed and level. On the perimeter to be built, we place side by side the load-bearing structural elements 3 which we fix in the anchoring profile 44 by bolts 43 crossing the lower spacer of the elements. These elements can be insulation elements, storage elements, window or door elements or empty structural elements. They are connected together by bolting through the uprights and secured at the top by the installation of a chain consisting of 'a sliding profile 25 with a wing equal to 900 facing downwards thus fitting the upper spacer of the elements.

In the corners, the elements can join by the interior corner or cross. The chaining profile is joined in the corners by a corner piece.

If the frame is provided in prefabricated farmhouses, they are fixed to the top chaining by metal brackets bolted on the one hand, in the chaining and the top spacer of the elements and on the other hand, in the farmhouses.

Then, insulation elements, sensor elements or exterior facing are placed on the exterior of the building side by side and in layers, one in front of the other, held and fixed by bolting or nailing down in concrete guides. or-in wood and above in wooden or metal guides which are themselves fixed under the entry of the trusses in the part which protrudes externally and which forms the under-roof overhang.

If the frame is provided with purlins 39, the chaining is ensured by the fixing of a rod 45 in wood or metal, above on the outer side, load-bearing structural elements joining the spacer and the uprights. In the corners, the adjacent catches are joined together by a metal bracket placed on the outside face and bolted into it. Then, on the elements thus placed and joined together, are placed perpendicular to the wall, the same elements 5 forming the ceiling support. They project outside on the outside to form the sub-box 41 of the roof overhang. They are fixed on the one hand in the top chaining by nailing 46 or bolted angle and on the parallel part 5 of the gable wall, split or firm by bolting. The same elements are also used in roofing support, laid in the same direction as the ceiling supports and carried by purlins 39 placed themselves on a wooden rod 47 fixed parallel to the. slope either in the split gable walls or the trusses. L irons (40) or woods are bolted 48 on the one hand, in the end of the purlins and below in the support rod and at the top 38 in the end uprights of the basic support element 9 used as cover support which touches the gable wall, the split wall or the truss in parallel, thus bringing together purlins, walls and cover support elements. The various layers of elements are then fixed at the bottom in the concrete, wooden or metal guides and at the top in the guides 25 which are fixed under the ceiling support elements in the part 41 which protrudes externally to form the under - roof overhang box. On the cover support elements can also be placed the different layers of elements according to the same process. In either case, a layer of insulation elements 9 and a layer of emitting element 23 are laid on the interior side of the house according to the same process. A layer of emitting elements can also be laid and fixed on the underside of the ceiling support elements. Between the different layers of elements are placed joints which can be made, for example, with polyurethane foam. On the load-bearing elements, on the interior side and in places where solar power is not provided, one can either fi x directly onto the uprights of the load-bearing elements a plasterboard, plywood, chipboard, etc.

or install prefabricated placopan panels in order to connect with the emitting elements.

In one or other of the cases, the general bracing is obtained by the pose of cross of St André in strip or wood for outside and fixed in the bottom and top chaining and by the pose of frame links
An additional anchor can be installed by laying a steel cable fixed on one side of the building in the low concrete footing then passing through the frame either in the gable wall, the split wall or the trusses and fixed on the other side of the building in the low concrete sole connected by a tensioner.

The method according to the invention is also implemented on all existing buildings. A row of brackets 24 is fixed on the facades at the bottom and at the top. On these consoles are bolted guides 25 parallel to the facades and adjusted vertically thus correcting the verticality of old buildings. On these guides are bolted, depending on the project, the different layers of elements one in front of the other. We place a layer of insulation elements 9 spaced from the wall which improves the insulation and allows hot air to circulate, then a layer of exterior facing elements 11, solar collectors 18 or not. It can also be placed directly on the wall a layer of insulation covering all the facades before placing the different layers of elements. On existing buildings, we use the wall as storage and interior side, we then place a layer of elements insulation 9 spaced from the wall or not and a layer of emitting elements 23.

The descriptions given are only a few examples of implementation. They are not limiting and one can imagine, staying within the limits of the spirit of the invention, other embodiments and the use of other materials.

The industrialized process and elements which are the subject of the invention can be used to improve any old building by repairing facades and roofs, fitting out apartments in the attic and sanitary hot water equipment and solar heating. It can also be used for the construction of new buildings for various uses. The process can also be used thanks to composite structures for collectors, storers and transmitters, which are no other than small solar thermal power stations for the construction of thermal devices such as water heaters, boilers, driers, etc.

Elements can also be constructed on a reduced scale for making models for the marketing of these constructions or for the manufacture of scientific games for children or adults.

Claims (17)

1 - Evolutionary and modular construction process for energy saving in new or old buildings, characterized in that a plurality of modular industrialized elements with different functions are used, placed one beside the other and by moon layer in front of the other, held in their place and fixed by guides secured to the structure of the buildings below and above. 2 - modular industrialized elements for the implementation of the method according to claim 1 characterized in that they are constituted by at least two vertical uprights (5) joined at the bottom and at the top by a spacer (6) fixed between the uprights. Multiple elements are produced by lengthening the spacers and installing intermediate uprights (7) placed between the spacers. 3 - Elements according to claim 2 characterized in that the supporting elements have their four angles joined by rods (8) placed diagonally. 4 - Elements according to claim 2 characterized in that the absorber (13) of the solar collector elements (18) is placed in a hollow groove arranged in the uprights inside the collector. The lips of this groove hold the absorber without the flange. 5 - Elements according to claim 2 characterized in that the storage elements (55) contain between the uprights (5) metal tubes (19) to contain a liquid, joined at the top and bottom by a collector. 6 - Elements according to claim 2 characterized in that the storage elements (56) contain a solid material (191) which has caloric storage properties maintained by rigid plates (20) fixed on each side of the uprights (5). 7 - Elements according to claim 2 characterized in that the emitting elements (23) are formed by two flat walls (21) between which is arranged a network of pipes (22). 8 - Elements according to claim 2 characterized in that it is made of super insulating window block elements (54) by attaching to an element comprising a window a frame (37) of a dimension equal to 2 times the width of the window and a height equal to that of the window. Inside this frame, at the bottom and at the top, rails (33) are arranged in which insulating panes or curtains (32) slide which, in the open position, clear the total surface of the window (31). 9 - Elements according to claim 2 characterized in that the external facing elements (11) are flat U-shaped profiles, the wings being small in relation to the flat part, and they are designed so as to be placed vertically and nested one inside the other, one with the wings facing outwards and the other inwards. A special angle profile (11 ') is produced. 10 - Process according to claim 1 characterized in that an external insulation is carried out by placing, firstly a layer of industrialized insulating elements (9) kept at a distance from the supporting structure by guides (25) at the bottom and in high so as to provide an air space between the insulation and the supporting structure, secondly, in front of these elements, there is a layer of external facing elements (ii) which are kept away from the insulation elements in order to create an air space between the insulating elements and the exterior facing elements. 11 - A method according to claim 1 characterized in that lton placed on the outer face of a support structure is either industrialized storage elements or an existing wall of various material, firstly a layer of industrialized insulating elements (9) hand held at a distance from the supporting structure, secondly, a layer of solar collectors (18) is placed in front of it. On the other face of the supporting structure, a layer of industrialized insulating elements (9) and a layer of industrialized emitting elements (23) are placed. An air seal is placed between the layers of elements. The different layers of elements are held in place and fixed in guides (25) secured to the support structure at the bottom and at the top. 12 - Process according to claim i characterized in that a layer of air sensor elements (18), a layer of liquid storage elements (55) are combined into an assembly. The coolant is air and a layer of insulating elements (9) is interposed between the sensor and storage elements. Ducts at the top and bottom connect the sensors to the storage units. 13 - Method according to claim 1 characterized in that we place side by side on the perimeter to build industrialized load-bearing elements fixed by bolts (43) passing through the low spacer (65 and anchored in an anchoring profile (44) sealed around the perimeter of the building. The load-bearing elements are secured at the top by the installation of a chain forming a rail. I, es different layers of elements are placed in front of the load-bearing elements held in place and fixed in the guides (25) secured to the structure at the bottom in the chaining and above under the entry of the trusses in the part which protrudes outside side to form the under roof overhang box (41). 14 - Method according to claims 1 and 13 characterized in that when the load-bearing elements are placed and joined by their top chaining, the same elements are placed perpendicular to the facade supported on the chaining and fixed in the splits and sprockets by their upright (5), they protrude on the outside to form the under roof overhang (41) and on the inside, the ceiling support, the different layers of elements are placed one in front of the others held in place and fixed in the guides secured to the structure at the bottom in the bottom chaining and at the top under the ceiling support elements and in the external part (41) forming under the roof overhang box. 15 - Process according to claims 1, 13 and 14 characterized in that when the load-bearing elements are placed and joined by their top chaining, we place the same elements in cover support perpendicular to the facade, supported on the chaining and carried by purlins (39) which are placed on fixed rods (47) parallel to the slope on the gable, cross or firm walls. Connectors (40) join, on the one hand the end of the purlins (39) and on the other hand, below the support rod (47) and above the end upright of the carrier element used as a cover support . The different layers of elements are placed along the slope of the roof held in place and fixed in the guides secured to the frame at the bottom and at the top. 16 - Method according to claim 1 characterized in that one fixes on the exterior facades of the building, a row of consoles (24) at the bottom and top, on these consoles are bolted rows of guide (25) parallel to the facades . On these guides are bolted through their spacer, the modular industrialized elements side by side and in layers one in front of the other. On facades with several floors, the upper elements are joined to the lower elements by a special profile (10). 17 - Method according to claim 1 characterized in that the outer wall of buildings consists mainly by the installation of three layers of elements. A layer of load-bearing elements (3) which can be storage (55) or (56) is centered on the interior side of the dwelling, a layer of interior partition elements some of which emit (23) and on the other side , a layer of facing elements, some of which are decorative (11) and the other solar collectors (18). These three layers of elements are united only from the bottom and the top and have no contact with each other on the rest of their surface. Between the different layers of elements, insulation elements (9) and airtight seals are placed.