ES2601879T3 - Composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con flúor - Google Patents
Composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con flúor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2601879T3 ES2601879T3 ES10011167.3T ES10011167T ES2601879T3 ES 2601879 T3 ES2601879 T3 ES 2601879T3 ES 10011167 T ES10011167 T ES 10011167T ES 2601879 T3 ES2601879 T3 ES 2601879T3
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- refrigerant
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
- C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
- C23G5/028—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons
- C23G5/02803—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons containing fluorine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N29/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing halogenated hydrocarbons
- A01N29/02—Acyclic compounds or compounds containing halogen attached to an aliphatic side-chain of a cycloaliphatic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0092—Gaseous extinguishing substances, e.g. liquefied gases, carbon dioxide snow
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C19/00—Acyclic saturated compounds containing halogen atoms
- C07C19/08—Acyclic saturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing fluorine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C21/00—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms
- C07C21/02—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C07C21/18—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds containing fluorine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/143—Halogen containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
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- C08J9/144—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/143—Halogen containing compounds
- C08J9/144—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only
- C08J9/146—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only only fluorine as halogen atoms
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
- C09K21/06—Organic materials
- C09K21/08—Organic materials containing halogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M131/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing halogen
- C10M131/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing halogen containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
- C10M131/04—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing halogen containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only aliphatic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/04—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic halogen-containing compound
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/24—Organic compounds containing halogen
- C11D3/245—Organic compounds containing halogen containing fluorine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C11D7/50—Solvents
- C11D7/5004—Organic solvents
- C11D7/5018—Halogenated solvents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/50—Solvents
- C11D7/5036—Azeotropic mixtures containing halogenated solvents
- C11D7/504—Azeotropic mixtures containing halogenated solvents all solvents being halogenated hydrocarbons
- C11D7/505—Mixtures of (hydro)fluorocarbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/16—Unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C08J2203/162—Halogenated unsaturated hydrocarbons, e.g. H2C=CF2
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/04—Foams characterised by their properties characterised by the foam pores
- C08J2205/052—Closed cells, i.e. more than 50% of the pores are closed
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2207/00—Foams characterised by their intended use
- C08J2207/04—Aerosol, e.g. polyurethane foam spray
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
- C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/22—All components of a mixture being fluoro compounds
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/06—Well-defined aromatic compounds
- C10M2203/065—Well-defined aromatic compounds used as base material
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C11D7/22—Organic compounds
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Abstract
Una composición refrigerante que comprende: A) al menos 50% en peso de un fluoroalqueno de Fórmula II:**Fórmula** en la que cada R es independientemente Cl, F, Br, I o H; R' es (CR2)nY; Y es CF3, n es 0, al menos un R en el carbono terminal insaturado es H, y al menos uno de los Rs restantes es F; y B) un lubricante que es un polialquilenglicol, teniendo dicha composición refrigerante un Potencial de Calentamiento Global (GWP) no mayor que 150.
Description
DESCRIPCION
Composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con fluor CAMPO DE LA INVENCION
Esta invencion se refiere a composiciones que tienen utilidad en numerosas aplicaciones, incluyendo 5 particularmente sistemas de refrigeracion, y a metodos y sistemas que utilizan este tipo de composiciones.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCION
Los fluidos a base de fluorocarbonos han encontrado uso muy extendido en muchas aplicaciones comerciales e industriales. Por ejemplo, fluidos a base de fluorocarbonos se usan frecuentemente como fluido de trabajo en sistemas tales como acondicionamiento de aire, bombas de calor y aplicaciones de refrigeracion. El ciclo de 10 compresion de vapor es uno de los metodos tipicos usados mas habitualmente para lograr el enfriamiento o calentamiento en un sistema de refrigeracion. El ciclo de compresion de vapor implica usualmente el cambio de fase del fluido refrigerante de la fase lfquida a la fase vapor por absorcion de calor a una presion relativamente baja, y despues de la fase vapor a la fase lfquida por extraccion de calor a una presion y temperatura relativamente bajas, comprimiendo el vapor a una presion relativamente elevada, condensando el vapor a la fase lfquida por extraccion 15 de calor a esta presion y temperatura relativamente elevadas, y reduciendo finalmente la presion para iniciar de nuevo el ciclo.
Mientras que el fin principal de la refrigeracion consiste en eliminar calor de un objeto u otro fluido a una temperatura relativamente baja, la finalidad principal de una bomba de calor es anadir calor a una temperatura mayor con respecto al entorno.
20 Determinados fluorocarbonos han sido un componente preferido en muchos fluidos de intercambio de calor, tales como refrigerantes, durante muchos anos en muchas aplicaciones. Por ejemplo, los fluoroalquenos, tales como derivados de clorofluorometano y clorofluoroetano, han ganado un uso muy extendido como refrigerantes en aplicaciones que incluyen el acondicionamiento del aire y aplicaciones de bomba de calor debido a su combinacion unica de propiedades qmmicas y ffsicas. Muchos de los refrigerantes usados comunmente en sistemas de 25 compresion de vapor son fluidos de un solo componente o mezclas azeotropicas.
En anos recientes ha aumentado la preocupacion sobre el dano potencial a la atmosfera de la tierra y al clima, y determinados compuestos a base de cloro se han identificado como particularmente problematicos a este respecto. El uso de composiciones que contienen cloro (tales como clorofluorocarbonos (CFCs), hidrofluorocarbonos (HCFs) y similares) como refrigerantes en sistemas de acondicionamiento de aire y de refrigeracion se ha visto desfavorecido 30 debido a las propiedades de agotamiento del ozono asociadas con muchos de los compuestos de este tipo. Asf, ha existido una necesidad creciente de nuevos compuestos y composiciones de fluorocarbonos e hidrofluorocarbonos que ofrezcan alternativas para aplicaciones de refrigeracion y de bomba de calor. Por ejemplo, se ha vuelto deseable retroajustar sistemas de refrigeracion que contienen cloro sustituyendo refrigerantes que contienen cloro por compuestos refrigerantes que no contienen cloro, que no agotaran la capa de ozono, tales como 35 hidrofluorocarbonos (HCFs).
Sin embargo, en general se considera importante que cualquier refrigerante sustituto potencial deba tambien poseer aquellas propiedades presentes en muchos de los fluidos mas ampliamente usados, tales como excelentes propiedades de transferencia de calor, estabilidad qrnmica, toxicidad baja o nula, falta de inflamabilidad, y compatibilidad con el lubricante, entre otras.
40 Se ha llegado a apreciar que la compatibilidad con el lubricante es de particular importancia en muchas de las aplicaciones. Mas particularmente, es muy deseable que los fluidos de refrigeracion sean compatibles con el lubricante utilizado en la unidad compresora, usada en la mayona de los sistemas de refrigeracion. Desgraciadamente, muchos fluidos de refrigeracion que no contienen cloro, incluyendo los HFCs, son relativamente insolubles y/o inmiscibles en los tipos de lubricantes usados tradicionalmente con CFCs y HFCs, incluyendo, por 45 ejemplo, aceites minerales, alquilbencenos o poli(alfa-olefinas). Con el fin de que una combinacion de fluido de refrigeracion-lubricante actue a un nivel deseable de eficacia en un sistema de refrigeracion por compresion, de acondicionamiento de aire y/o de bomba de calor, el lubricante debena ser suficientemente soluble en el lfquido de refrigeracion a lo largo de un amplio intervalo de temperaturas de trabajo. Una solubilidad de este tipo disminuye la viscosidad del lubricante y le permite fluir mas facilmente a traves del sistema. En ausencia de una solubilidad de 50 este tipo, los lubricantes tienden a depositarse en los serpentines del evaporador del sistema de refrigeracion, de acondicionamiento de aire o de bomba de calor, asf como de otras partes del sistema, y de este modo reducen la eficacia del sistema.
Con respecto a la eficacia en el uso, es importante senalar que una perdida en el comportamiento termodinamico refrigerante o en la eficacia de energfa puede tener impactos medioambientales secundarios a traves del mayor uso 55 de combustible fosil que surge de una mayor demanda de la energfa electrica.
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Ademas, se considera generalmente deseable que los sustitutos de refrigerante de CFC sean eficaces sin cambios de ingenieria importantes para la tecnolog^a de compresion de vapor convencional actualmente usada con refrigerantes de CFC.
La inflamabilidad es otra propiedad importante para muchas aplicaciones. Esto es, se considera importante o esencial en muchas aplicaciones, incluyendo particularmente en aplicaciones de transferencia de calor, usar composiciones que no sean inflamables. Asi, frecuentemente es beneficioso usar en composiciones de este tipo compuestos que no sean inflamables. Tal como se usa en esta memoria, la expresion "no inflamable” se refiere a compuestos o composiciones que se determina que son no inflamables segun se determina de acuerdo con la norma ASTM E-681, de fecha 2002, que se incorpora en esta memoria como referencia. Desgraciadamente, muchos HFCs que pudieran ser de otro modo deseables para ser usados en composiciones refrigerantes no son no inflamables. Por ejemplo, el fluoroalcano difluoroetano (HFC-152a) y el fluoroalqueno 1,1,1-trifluoropropeno (HFO- 1243zf) son cada uno inflamables y, por lo tanto, no son viables para uso en muchas aplicaciones.
Los fluoroalquenos superiores, es decir, alquenos sustituidos con fluor que tienen al menos cinco atomos de carbono, han sido sugeridos para uso como refrigerantes. La patente de EE.UU. n° 4.788.352 - Smutny esta dirigida a la production de compuestos fluorados de C5 a C3 que tienen al menos cierto grado de insaturacion. La patente de Smutny identifica olefinas superiores de este tipo como conocidas por tener utilidad como refrigerantes, plaguicidas, fluidos dielectricos, fluidos de transferencia de calor, disolventes y compuestos intermedios en diversas reacciones quimicas (vease la columna 1, lmeas 11 22).
Mientras que las olefinas fluoradas descritas en Smutny pueden tener un cierto nivel de eficacia en aplicaciones de transferencia de calor, se piensa que compuestos de este tipo pueden tener tambien ciertas desventajas. Por ejemplo, algunos de estos compuestos pueden tender a atacar sustratos, particularmente plasticos de uso general tales como resinas acrilicas y resinas ABS. Ademas, los compuestos olefrnicos superiores descritos en Smutny tambien pueden ser indeseables en determinadas aplicaciones, debido al nivel potencial de toxicidad de compuestos de este tipo que puede surgir como resultado de la actividad plaguicida senalada en Smutny. Tambien, compuestos de este tipo pueden tener un punto de ebullicion que es demasiado elevado para hacerlos utiles como un refrigerante en determinadas aplicaciones.
Los derivados de bromofluorometano y bromoclorofluorometano, particularmente bromotrifluorometano (Halon 1301) y bromoclorodifluorometano (Halon 1211), han ganado un uso muy extendido como agentes para la extincion de incendios en zonas cerradas tales como cabinas de aviones y salas de ordenadores. Sin embargo, el uso de diversos halones esta siendo eliminado gradualmente debido a su elevado agotamiento del ozono. Ademas, dado que los halones se usan frecuentemente en zonas en las que estan presentes seres humanos, los sustitutos adecuados deben ser tambien seguros para los seres humanos a concentraciones necesarias para suprimir o extinguir el fuego.
El documento JP-A-H04 110388 describe un medio de transferencia de calor para bombas de calor y motores termicos, que comprende un compuesto organico representado por la formula molecular C3HmFn, en la que m es de 1 a 5, n es de 1 a 5 y m + n = 6, y que tiene un doble enlace.
El documento US 5 714 083 describe un fluido refrigerante que comprende hexafluoropropeno (FC-1216) e hidrocarburos como sustituto para CFC-12.
Se ha llegado asi a apreciar una necesidad de composiciones para la transferencia de calor que son potencialmente utiles en numerosas aplicaciones, incluyendo sistemas y metodos de calentamiento y enfriamiento por compresion de vapor, a la vez que evitan una o mas de las desventajas arriba senaladas.
Se ha encontrado que la necesidad senalada anteriormente, y otras necesidades, se pueden satisfacer mediante una composition refrigerante que comprende:
A) al menos 50% en peso de un compuesto de Formula II a continuation:
SUMARIO
R
en la que cada R es independientemente Cl, F, Br, I o H
R’ es (CR2)nY,
Y es CF3
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n es 0, y en la que al menos un R en el carbono terminal insaturado es H, y al menos uno de los Rs restantes es F; y
B) un lubricante que es un polialquilenglicol, en el que dicha composicion tiene un Potencial de Calentamiento
Global (GWP) no mayor que 50.
Los solicitantes creen que hay un nivel de toxicidad relativamente bajo asociado con los compuestos de Formula II, preferiblemente en la que Y es CF3, en la que al menos un R en el carbono terminal insaturado es H, y al menos uno de los Rs es F. Se cree tambien que todos los isomeros estructurales, geometricos y estereoisomeros de tales compuestos son eficaces y de toxicidad beneficiosamente baja.
De este modo, en ciertas realizaciones preferidas, las composiciones de la presente invencion comprenden uno o mas compuestos seleccionados del grupo que consiste en tetrafluoropropenos (HFO-1234), pentafluoropropenos (HFO-1225), y combinaciones de estos.
Incluso es mas preferido que los compuestos de la presente invencion sean los compuestos de tetrafluoropropeno y pentafluoropropeno en los que el carbono terminal insaturado no tiene mas de un sustituyente F, espedficamente: 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropeno (HFO-1234ze); 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropeno (HFO-1234y), y 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropeno (HFO-1225ye); y cualquiera y todos los estereoisomeros de cada uno de estos. Se ha descubierto que compuestos de este tipo tienen un nivel de toxicidad aguda muy bajo, segun se mide mediante exposicion por inhalacion a ratones y ratas. Por otra parte, se ha encontrado que puede asociarse un grado de toxicidad relativamente elevado con determinados compuestos adaptables para uso con las presentes composiciones, a saber, los compuestos que tienen mas de un F en el carbono insaturado terminal, o que no tienen al menos un H en el carbono insaturado terminal. Por ejemplo, se ha descubierto que 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropeno (HFO-1225zc) exhibe un grado de toxicidad inaceptablemente elevado, segun se mide mediante exposicion por inhalacion a ratones y ratas.
Los compuestos preferidos de la presente invencion, a saber, HFO-1225 y HFO-1234 son materiales conocidos y estan incluidos en las bases de datos de Chemical Abstracts. HFO-1225 esta comercialmente disponible, por ejemplo de Syntex Chemical Co. Ademas, en la bibliograffa de patente se describen en general metodos para producir fluoroalquenos. Por ejemplo, la produccion de fluoropropenos tal como CF3CH=CH2 mediante fluoracion en fase de vapor catalftica de diversos compuestos de C3 que contienen halogeno saturados e insaturados se describe en las patentes U.S. nos 2.889.379; 4.798.818 y 4.465.786., cada una de las cuales se incorpora aqrn como referencia. La patente U.S. n° 5.532.419, que tambien se incorpora aqrn como referencia, describe un procedimiento catalftico en fase de vapor para la preparacion de fluoroalqueno usando un cloro- o bromo-halofluorocarbono y HF. El documento EP 974.571, tambien incorporado aqrn como referencia, describe la preparacion de 1,1,1,3- tetrafluoropropeno poniendo en contacto 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropano (HFC-245fa) en fase vapor con un catalizador a base de cromo a temperatura elevada, o en fase lfquida con una disolucion alcoholica de KOH, NaOH, Ca(OH)2 o Mg(OH)2. Adicionalmente, metodos para producir compuestos de acuerdo con la presente invencion se describen en lmeas generales en relacion con la Solicitud de Patente de los Estados Unidos, titulada “Procedimiento para Producir Fluoropropenos”, presentada junto con la presente, que lleva el numero de expediente de agente (H0003789 (26267)), que tambien se incorpora en esta memoria como referencia.
Se piensa que las presentes composiciones poseen propiedades que son ventajosas por un cierto numero de razones importantes. Por ejemplo, se piensa, basado al menos en parte en un modelo matematico, que las fluoro- olefinas de la presente invencion no tendran ningun efecto negativo sustancial sobre la qrnmica de la atmosfera, siendo contribuyentes despreciables al agotamiento del ozono en comparacion con algunas otras especies halogenadas. Las composiciones preferidas de la presente invencion tienen, de este modo, la ventaja de no contribuir esencialmente al agotamiento del ozono. Las composiciones preferidas tampoco contribuyen sustancialmente al calentamiento global en comparacion con muchos de los hidrofluoroalcanos actualmente en uso.
Las composiciones de la presente invencion tienen un potencial de calentamiento global (GWP en ingles) no mayor que 150, mas preferiblemente no mayor que 100, e incluso mas preferiblemente no mayor que 75. Tal como se utiliza en esta memoria, el “GWP” se mide con relacion al de dioxido de carbono y a lo largo de un horizonte en el tiempo de 100 anos, como se define en “The Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, 2002, A report of the World Meteorological Association's Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project”, que se incorpora aqrn como referencia.
Las presentes composiciones tienen tambien preferiblemente un potencial de agotamiento del ozono (ODP en ingles) no mayor que 0,05, mas preferiblemente no mayor que 0,02, e incluso mas preferiblemente de aproximadamente cero. Tal como se utiliza en esta memoria, “ODP” es como se define en “The Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, 2002, A report of the World Meteorological Association's Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project”, que se incorpora aqrn como referencia.
Las composiciones refrigerantes de la presente invencion comprenden el compuesto o compuestos segun la Formula II en una cantidad que es al menos 50% en peso, e incluso mas preferiblemente al menos 70% en peso, de la composicion.
Las composiciones de la presente invencion pueden incluir otros componentes con el fin de mejorar o proporcionar 5 cierta funcionalidad a la composicion, o en algunos casos para reducir el coste de la composicion. Las composiciones refrigerantes segun la presente invencion, especialmente aquellas usadas en sistemas de compresion de vapor, incluyen un lubricante, generalmente en cantidades de 30 a 50% en peso de la composicion. Adicionalmente, las presentes composiciones pueden incluir tambien un compatibilizador, tal como propano, con el fin de favorecer la compatibilidad y/o la solubilidad del lubricante. Tales compatibilizadores, incluyendo propano, 10 butanos y pentanos, estan presentes preferiblemente en cantidades desde 0,5 hasta 5 por ciento en peso de la composicion. Tambien pueden anadirse combinaciones de agentes tensioactivos y agentes solubilizantes a las presentes composiciones para favorecer la solubilidad en el aceite, como se describe en la patente de U.S. n° 6.516.837, cuya descripcion se incorpora como referencia. Los lubricantes de refrigeracion usados habitualmente, tales como polialquilenglicoles (PAGs) que se usan en maquinaria de refrigeracion con refrigerantes de 15 hidrofluorocarbonos (HFC), se pueden usar con las composiciones refrigerantes de la presente invencion.
METODOS Y SISTEMAS
Las composiciones de la presente invencion son utiles en relacion con numerosos metodos y sistemas, incluyendo como refrigerantes usados en sistemas de refrigeracion, de acondicionamiento de aire y de bomba de calor.
Los metodos de transferencia de calor preferidos comprenden generalmente proporcionar una composicion de la 20 presente invencion y hacer que el calor se transfiera a o desde la composicion cambiando la fase de la composicion.
Por ejemplo, los presentes metodos proporcionan enfriamiento absorbiendo calor de un fluido o artfculo, preferiblemente evaporando la presente composicion refrigerante en la vecindad del cuerpo o fluido a enfriar para producir vapor que comprende la presente composicion. Preferiblemente, los metodos incluyen la etapa adicional de comprimir el vapor refrigerante, habitualmente con un compresor o equipo similar, para producir vapor de la presente 25 composicion a una presion relativamente elevada. Generalmente, la etapa de comprimir el vapor da como resultado la adicion de calor al vapor, provocando asf un incremento en la temperatura del vapor a presion relativamente elevada. Preferiblemente, los presentes metodos incluyen eliminar de este vapor a temperatura y presion relativamente elevadas al menos una porcion del calor anadido por las etapas de evaporacion y condensacion. La etapa de eliminacion del calor incluye preferiblemente condensar el vapor a temperatura y presion elevadas, 30 mientras el vapor esta en una condicion de presion relativamente elevada, para producir un lfquido a presion relativamente elevada que comprende una composicion de la presente invencion. Este lfquido a presion relativamente elevada sufre entonces preferiblemente una reduccion nominalmente isoentalpica de la presion, para producir un lfquido a temperatura y presion relativamente bajas. En tales realizaciones, es este lfquido refrigerante a temperatura reducida el que se vaporiza entonces mediante calor transferido desde el cuerpo o fluido a enfriar.
35 En otra realizacion del procedimiento de la invencion, las composiciones de la invencion se pueden usar en un metodo para producir calor, que comprende condensar un refrigerante que comprende las composiciones en la vecindad de un lfquido o cuerpo a calentar. Tales metodos, como se menciona aqrn antes, son frecuentemente ciclos inversos al ciclo de refrigeracion descrito antes.
EJEMPLOS
40 Los ejemplos que siguen se proporcionan con el fin de ilustrar la presente invencion pero sin limitar el alcance de la misma.
EJEMPLO 1 DE REFERENCIA
El coeficiente de eficacia (COP) es una medida aceptada universalmente de la eficiencia refrigerante, especialmente util en la representacion de la eficiencia termodinamica relativa de un fluido refrigerante en un ciclo espedfico de 45 calefaccion o refrigeracion que implica evaporacion o condensacion del fluido refrigerante. En ingeniena de la refrigeracion, esta expresion expresa la relacion de refrigeracion util a la energfa aplicada por el compresor en la compresion del vapor. La capacidad de un fluido refrigerante representa la cantidad de refrigeracion o calefaccion que aporta el mismo, y proporciona una cierta medida de la capacidad de un compresor para bombear cantidades de calor para un caudal volumetrico dado del fluido refrigerante. Dicho de otro modo, dado un compresor espedfico, 50 un fluido refrigerante con una mayor capacidad aportara mas potencia de refrigeracion o calefaccion. Un medio para estimar el COP de un fluido refrigerante en condiciones espedficas de operacion es mediante las propiedades termodinamicas del fluido refrigerante usando tecnicas estandar de analisis de ciclos de refrigeracion (vease por ejemplo, R.C. Downing, FLUOROCARBON REFRIGERANTS HANDBOOK, capttulo 3, Prentice-Hall, 1988).
Se proporciona un sistema de ciclo refrigeracion/acondicionamiento de aire en el cual la temperatura del 55 condensador es aproximadamente 66°C (150°F) y la temperatura del evaporador es aproximadamente -37°C (-35°F) bajo compresion nominalmente isentropica con una temperatura de entrada en el compresor de aproximadamente 10°C (50°F). El COP se determina para varias composiciones de la presente invencion a lo largo de un intervalo de
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temperatures del condensador y evaporador, y se da a continuacion en la Tabla I, basado en HFC-134a, que tiene un valor de COP de 1,00, un valor de capacidad de 1,00 y una temperature de descarga de 79°C (175°F).
TABLAI
- COMPOSICION DEL REFRIGERANTE
- COP relativo CAPACIDAD relativa TEMPERATURA DE DESCARGA, °C (°F)
- HFO1225ve
- 1,02 0,76 70 (158)
- HFO trans-1234ze
- 1,04 0,70 74 (165)
- HFO cis-1234ze
- 1,13 0,36 68 (155)
- HFO 1234yf
- 0,98 1,10 76 (168)
Este ejemplo muestra que algunos de los compuestos preferidos para uso con las presentes composiciones tienen cada una mejor eficiencia energetica que HFC-134a (1,02, 1,04 y 1,13, comparadas con 1,00), y el compresor que usa las presentes composiciones refrigerantes producira temperatures de descarga de (70°C (158°F), 74°C (165°F) y 68°C (155°F), comparadas con 79°C (175°F)), lo cual es ventajoso, dado que dicho resultado conducira probablemente a problemas de mantenimiento reducidos.
EJEMPLO 2
Se ensayo la miscibilidad de HFO-1225ye y HFO-1234ze con diversos lubricantes de refrigeracion. Los lubricantes ensayados son aceite mineral (C3), alquilbenceno (Zerol 150), aceite ester (Mobil EAL 22 cc y Solest 120), aceite de polialquilenglicol (PAG) (Goodwrench Refigeration Oil para sistemas 134a), y un aceite de poli(alfa-olefina) (CP- 6005-100). Para cada combinacion fluido refrigerante/aceite, se ensayan tres composiciones, a saber, 5, 20 y 50 por ciento en peso de lubricante, siendo el resto de cada una el compuesto de la presente invencion que se ensaya.
Las composiciones lubricantes se introducen en tubos de vidrio de paredes gruesas. Se hace el vado en los tubos, se anade el compuesto refrigerante de acuerdo con la presente invencion, y despues los tubos se cierran hermeticamente. Los tubos se colocan despues en una camara ambiental con bano de aire, cuya temperatura vana desde aproximadamente -50°C hasta 70°C. A intervalos de 10°C aproximadamente, se realizan observaciones visuales de los contenidos de los tubos para determinar la existencia de una o mas fases lfquidas. En el caso en el que se observe mas de una fase lfquida, se considera que la mezcla es inmiscible. En el caso en el que se observe solamente una fase lfquida, se considera que la mezcla es miscible. En aquellos casos en los que se observaron dos fases lfquidas, pero ocupando una de las fases lfquidas solamente un volumen muy pequeno, se considera que la mezcla es parcialmente miscible.
Los lubricantes de polialquilenglicol y aceite ester se juzgaron miscibles en todas las proporciones ensayadas a lo largo de todo el intervalo de temperatura, excepto que para las mezclas de HFO-1225ye con polialquilenglicol, se encontro que la mezcla de fluido refrigerante era inmiscible en el intervalo de temperatura de -50°C a -30°C y parcialmente miscible desde -20°C hasta 50°C. A una concentracion de 50 por ciento en peso del PAG en el fluido refrigerante y a 60°C, la mezcla refrigerante/PAG fue miscible. A 70°C, fue miscible desde 5 por ciento en peso de lubricante en el fluido refrigerante hasta 50 por ciento en peso de lubricante en el fluido refrigerante.
EJEMPLO 3
La compatibilidad de las composiciones y compuestos refrigerantes de la presente invencion con los aceites lubricantes PAG mientras se encuentran en contacto con metales usados en sistemas de refrigeracion y acondicionamiento de aire se ensaya a 350°C, que representa condiciones mucho mas severas que las encontradas en muchas aplicaciones de refrigeracion y acondicionamiento de aire.
Se anaden recortes de aluminio, cobre y acero a tubos de vidrio de paredes gruesas. Se anaden dos gramos de aceite a los tubos. Se hace luego el vacfo en los tubos, y se anade un gramo de fluido refrigerante. Los tubos se introducen en un horno a 177°C (350°F) durante una semana, y se realizan observaciones visuales. Al final del periodo de exposicion se retiran los tubos.
Este procedimiento se realizo para las siguientes combinaciones de aceite y el compuesto de la presente invencion:
a) HFC-1234ze y aceite GM Goodwrench PAG
b) HFC-1243zf y aceite GM Goodwrench PAG
c) HFC-1234ze y aceite MOLAR-56 PAG
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d) HFC-1243zf y aceite MOPAR-56 PAG
e) HFC-1225ye y aceite MOPAR-56 PAG
En todos los casos, existe un cambio mmimo en el aspecto del contenido del tubo. Esto indica que los compuestos y composiciones refrigerantes de la presente invencion son estables en contacto con el aluminio, acero y cobre encontrados en los sistemas de refrigeracion y acondicionamiento de aire, y los tipos de aceites lubricantes que se incluyen probablemente en tales composiciones o se usan con tales composiciones en estos tipos de sistemas.
EJEMPLO COMPARATIVO
Se anaden recortes de aluminio, cobre y acero a un tubo de vidrio de paredes gruesas con aceite mineral y CFC-12, y se calienta durante una semana a 350°C, como en el Ejemplo 3. Al final del periodo de exposicion, el tubo se retira, y se realizan observaciones visuales. Se observa que los contenidos lfquidos se han ennegrecido, lo que indica que existe una descomposicion severa de los contenidos del tubo.
CFC-12 y aceite mineral han sido hasta ahora la combinacion de eleccion en muchos sistemas y metodos de refrigeracion. De este modo, los compuestos y composiciones refrigerantes de la presente invencion poseen una estabilidad significativamente mejor con muchos aceites lubricantes usados habitualmente que la combinacion de fluido refrigerante-aceite lubricante ampliamente usada de la tecnica anterior.
Claims (5)
- 510REIVINDICACIONES1. Una composition refrigerante que comprende:A) al menos 50% en peso de un fluoroalqueno de Formula II:
imagen1 R'(H)en la que cada R es independientemente Cl, F, Br, I o H; R’ es (CR2)nY; Y es CF3, n es 0, al menos un R en el carbono terminal insaturado es H, y al menos uno de los Rs restantes es F; yB) un lubricante que es un polialquilenglicol, teniendo dicha composicion refrigerante un Potencial de Calentamiento Global (GWP) no mayor que 150. - 2. Una composicion segun la reivindicacion 1, en la que dicho fluoroalqueno es un tetrafluoropropeno (HFO-1234).
- 3. Una composicion segun la reivindicacion 1, en la que el lubricante esta presente en una cantidad de 30 a 50% en peso de la composicion.
- 4. Una composicion segun la reivindicacion 1, que comprende al menos 70% en peso de dicho fluoroalqueno.
- 5. Uso de una composicion como se define en la reivindicacion 1, en un sistema de climatizacion, de refrigeration o de bomba de calor.15
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US42126302P | 2002-10-25 | 2002-10-25 | |
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ES10011127.7T Expired - Lifetime ES2645635T3 (es) | 2002-10-25 | 2003-10-27 | Uso como una composición de limpieza de una composición que comprende 1,3,3,3-tetrafluroropropeno (HFO-1234ze) |
ES10011130.1T Expired - Lifetime ES2637087T3 (es) | 2002-10-25 | 2003-10-27 | Composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con flúor |
ES08020700.4T Expired - Lifetime ES2321796T5 (es) | 2002-10-25 | 2003-10-27 | Uso de una composición que comprende 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropeno (HFO 1234ze) en calidad de agente de soplado |
ES10011131.9T Expired - Lifetime ES2645949T3 (es) | 2002-10-25 | 2003-10-27 | Método de esterilización que utiliza composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con flúor |
ES10011167.3T Expired - Lifetime ES2601879T3 (es) | 2002-10-25 | 2003-10-27 | Composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con flúor |
ES03777896T Expired - Lifetime ES2382912T3 (es) | 2002-10-25 | 2003-10-27 | Composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con flúor |
ES10011129.3T Expired - Lifetime ES2615857T3 (es) | 2002-10-25 | 2003-10-27 | Composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con flúor |
ES16204715T Expired - Lifetime ES2794405T3 (es) | 2002-10-25 | 2003-10-27 | Uso de composiciones que comprenden HFO-1234ze o HFO-1234yf como composición refrigerante |
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ES10011164T Expired - Lifetime ES2728672T3 (es) | 2002-10-25 | 2003-10-27 | Composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con flúor |
ES10011127.7T Expired - Lifetime ES2645635T3 (es) | 2002-10-25 | 2003-10-27 | Uso como una composición de limpieza de una composición que comprende 1,3,3,3-tetrafluroropropeno (HFO-1234ze) |
ES10011130.1T Expired - Lifetime ES2637087T3 (es) | 2002-10-25 | 2003-10-27 | Composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con flúor |
ES08020700.4T Expired - Lifetime ES2321796T5 (es) | 2002-10-25 | 2003-10-27 | Uso de una composición que comprende 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropeno (HFO 1234ze) en calidad de agente de soplado |
ES10011131.9T Expired - Lifetime ES2645949T3 (es) | 2002-10-25 | 2003-10-27 | Método de esterilización que utiliza composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con flúor |
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ES10011129.3T Expired - Lifetime ES2615857T3 (es) | 2002-10-25 | 2003-10-27 | Composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con flúor |
ES16204715T Expired - Lifetime ES2794405T3 (es) | 2002-10-25 | 2003-10-27 | Uso de composiciones que comprenden HFO-1234ze o HFO-1234yf como composición refrigerante |
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TW (2) | TW200418970A (es) |
WO (2) | WO2004037752A2 (es) |
ZA (1) | ZA200504236B (es) |
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- 2003-10-27 AT AT03777896T patent/ATE556124T1/de active
- 2003-10-27 EP EP10011165.7A patent/EP2277968A3/en not_active Withdrawn
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