[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/

ES2668673B2 - Modeling paste composed of paper fiber, liquid binder, cementitious powder, emulsifier, water, and microbubble air, non-toxic and easy to handle. - Google Patents

Modeling paste composed of paper fiber, liquid binder, cementitious powder, emulsifier, water, and microbubble air, non-toxic and easy to handle. Download PDF

Info

Publication number
ES2668673B2
ES2668673B2 ES201600981A ES201600981A ES2668673B2 ES 2668673 B2 ES2668673 B2 ES 2668673B2 ES 201600981 A ES201600981 A ES 201600981A ES 201600981 A ES201600981 A ES 201600981A ES 2668673 B2 ES2668673 B2 ES 2668673B2
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
material characterized
mixture described
water
proportion
liquid binder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
ES201600981A
Other languages
Spanish (es)
Other versions
ES2668673A1 (en
Inventor
Damían DE TORRES DOMINGUEZ
Carlos Morán Rodríguez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universidad de La Laguna
Original Assignee
Universidad de La Laguna
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidad de La Laguna filed Critical Universidad de La Laguna
Priority to ES201600981A priority Critical patent/ES2668673B2/en
Publication of ES2668673A1 publication Critical patent/ES2668673A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2668673B2 publication Critical patent/ES2668673B2/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/18Waste materials; Refuse organic
    • C04B18/24Vegetable refuse, e.g. rice husks, maize-ear refuse; Cellulosic materials, e.g. paper, cork
    • C04B18/241Paper, e.g. waste paper; Paper pulp
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/10Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by using foaming agents or by using mechanical means, e.g. adding preformed foam
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

Se trata de una pasta modelable compuesta por fibra de papel, aglutinante líquido, material cementante en polvo, emulgente, agua, y aire en microburbujas, no tóxica y fácil de manipular.It is a modeling paste composed of paper fiber, liquid binder, cementitious powder, emulsifier, water, and microbubble air, non-toxic and easy to handle.

Description

En la isla de La Palma, aparecen por primera vez en la capital insular, Santa Cruz de La Palma, también conocida como Villa del Apurón en las Constituciones Sinodales de Vázquez de Arce en 1515. 5 Con técnicas derivadas del papel como materia prima se realizan los populares "enanos de la Isla de la Palma" así como mascarones que representan gigantes, cabezudos y otras figuras tradicionales de pueblos y ciudades peninsulares, que satirizan a personajes populares de la época, con la intención de distraer y hacer reír al pueblo. 10 En cuanto a aplicaciones derivadas de papel, se conocen las basadas en materiales celulósicos, tales como papel, cartulina, cartón, cartón-piedra, aglomerados de papel y similares a base de celulosas, en el que se reivindican distintos usos como, por ejemplo, las urmas funerarias, o para el uso de 15 diferentes soportes modulables, a la altura de los niños, que representan personajes, animales, objetos (árboles, fuentes, acuarios, carrusel. .. ) o cualquier otra forma. Muchos materiales plásticos presentan características que entrañan conflicto 20 con aspectos y valores muy importantes en cuanto a su manejo, resistencia y durabilidad, máxime cuando queremos emplearlos como paso intermedio hacia obras en materiales de gran resistencia y durabilidad como los bronces. Hasta el momento el papel maché no ha sido considerado como material final 25 para obras de arte de envergadura o de gran valor artístico. Tradicionalmente se citan distintas "fórmulas" para la elaboración del papel maché. 30 La presente invención presenta las ventajas respecto al papel maché y otro tipo de materiales tradicionales obtenidos de fibra de papel y aglutinantes: a).-Resistencia mecánica muy superior; b).-ligereza; y c).-plasticidad idónea para su modelado con fines artísticos. a) Resistencia mecánica. -Los componentes empleados, junto la formulación 35 adecuada de los mismos; el proceso de elaboración de la mezcla; y el proceso de fraguado del material resultante, permiten obtener unos resultados de resistencia mecánica claramente superiores, que pueden superar en más del 300% los valores de los "papel maché" conocidos. Una vez que llegan al punto de fraguado nos encontramos ante un material con características de 40 durabilidad y resistencia que le hacen adecuado como material final en la realización de obras de arte. b) La resistencia mencionada permite obtener vaciados y piezas de pequeño espesor y por tanto muy ligeras en comparación con los otros materiales 45 conocidos en la actualidad. c) La plasticidad ha sido uno de los objetivos que se persiguieron desde el primer momento en la búsqueda de un nuevo material de manera que fue DESCRIPCiÓN DE LA INVENCiÓN Se trata de una pasta modelable compuesta por fibra de papel, aglutinante líquido, material cementante en polvo, yagua, modelable, no tóxica y fácil de 5 manipular. El cementante en polvo (en disolución) rellena los intersticios o poros que deja la mezcla de celulosa y cola, dando por resultado un material complejo que permite tanto su moldeado para aplicación industrial (según las proporciones 10 entre los márgenes indicados); o bien un material plástico, óptimo para la expresión artística en aplicaciones de bellas artes, manualidades y bricolaje. El tratamiento de la fibra de papel se basa en un proceso de hidratación con agua seguido por la eliminación del agua sobrante, así como de un 15 determinado proceso de batido y mezcla de ésta con la aglutinante líquido y el cementante en polvo. Esta pasta se puede trabajar a temperatura ambiente y se dispone de margen de tiempo comprendido entre 2 minutos y 2 horas, antes de su secado y 20 endurecimiento. Además, el fraguado (proceso caracterizado por el secado y endurecimiento de material) no requiere aplicar ningún tipo de producto, si bien siempre es posible modificar sus propiedades iniciales mediante aceleradores o retardantes. 25 Tampoco requiere el empleo de sustancias tóxicas como disolventes; emulsionantes, conservantes, ni productos catalizadores en gas o en líquido que requieran de un manipulado especial. Presenta por lo tanto características de inocuidad o de baja toxicidad, en 30 función del adhesivo líquido que se utilice, por lo que se puede manipular en espacios cerrados y no exige ventilación especial. Tanto en su posible moldeado como desmoldeado no requiere productos especiales ni disolventes, pudiéndose emplear para ello materiales básicos 35 como jabón o vaselina, e incluso un material tipo film para evitar que se adhiera al molde. Como ventaja adicional, puede ser manipulado (conformado manualmente) para darle aplicaciones o expresiones de tipo artístico o relacionado con las 40 bellas artes o las manualidades. El material es susceptible de admitir distintos tipos de complementos mejoradores de las propiedades específicas que se persigan. En el caso de buscar una mayor resistencia de tipo mecánico, se le puede dotar de distintos 45 tipos de armaduras, ya sean de tipo metálico en forma de malla o filamentos metálicos; como de materiales flexibles de tipo malla polimérica, o incluso fibra de vidrio, entre otros muchos. Sobre el material se puede aplicar por acumulación nuevas capas del mismo producto (entre las que se puede introducir algún nuevo material como lámina; malla; etc) dando por resultado materiales complejos tipo sandwich con propiedades resistentes o elásticas superiores. También se pueden aplicar 5 nuevos materiales o capas, aunque ya esté endurecida la primera capa, lo que facilita la formación por moldeado de piezas complejas. Con el fin de obtener resultados comparables se han llevado a cabo numerosos ensayos sobre piezas obtenidas con homogeneidad dimensional, realizadas 10 mediante un molde de duraluminio (figura 1). Tras su posterior proceso de secado y fraguado, fueron sometidas a ensayos de resistencia a compresión, y a través del estudio de su comportamiento esfuerzo-deformación, para poder medir y comparar sus características mecánicas. 15 Las piezas del material objeto de esta patente, en forma de cáscara esférica de 3 mm de grosor (figura 1,C), en comparación con los patrones de idéntica dimensión obtenidos de las mezclas tradicionales de cola y fibra de celulosa que conforman el papel maché, han dado por resultado una resistencia que, de media supera el 300%. 20 En la figura 2 podemos observar como la pieza resiste hasta 330 kp con una pequeña deformación, en torno a los 4 mm. en forma de aplastamiento de su cúpula. Tras el aplastamiento inicial, la pieza vuelve a hacerse resistente hasta que alrededor de los 450 kp. de presión sufre una nueva deformación. A partir 25 de este momento la deformación sube desde 6 mm hasta los 8 mm con solo un aumento progresivo de 50 kp. Finalmente vuelve a soportar carga hasta el momento de la rotura que se produce tras resistir 525 kp con 8,88 mm de deformación. 30 REALIZACiÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCiÓN Compuesto plástico elaborado a partir de la siguiente composición: 38% (en peso) de celulosa, 38% (en peso) de cola vinílica, 14% (en peso) de cementante en polvo, y 10% (en peso) de agua. El tratamiento de la celulosa 35 se basa en un proceso de hidratación con agua, así como de un determinado proceso de batido y mezcla de ésta con la cola vinílica y el cementante en polvo. 40 45   On the island of La Palma, they appear for the first time in the island capital, Santa Cruz de La Palma, also known as Villa del Apuron in the Sinodales Constitutions of Vázquez de Arce in 1515. 5 With techniques derived from paper as raw material they are performed the popular "dwarfs of the Island of the Palm" as well as masks that represent giants, big heads and other traditional figures of towns and peninsular cities, that satirize popular personages of the time, with the intention of distracting and making people laugh. 10 As for paper-derived applications, those based on cellulosic materials are known, such as paper, cardboard, cardboard, cardboard-stone, paper agglomerates and the like based on cellulose, in which different uses are claimed, for example , funeral urmas, or for the use of 15 different modular supports, at the height of children, representing characters, animals, objects (trees, fountains, aquariums, carousel ...) or any other form. Many plastic materials have characteristics that involve conflict with very important aspects and values in terms of handling, strength and durability, especially when we want to use them as an intermediate step towards works in materials of high strength and durability such as bronzes. So far the paper mache has not been considered as final material 25 for works of art of great importance or of great artistic value. Traditionally, different "formulas" are cited for the production of paper mache. The present invention has the advantages over paper mache and other traditional materials obtained from paper fiber and binders: a) .- Very superior mechanical strength; b) .- lightness; and c) .- plasticity suitable for modeling for artistic purposes. a) Mechanical resistance. -The components used, together with the appropriate formulation thereof; the process of making the mixture; and the setting process of the resulting material, allow to obtain clearly superior mechanical resistance results, which can exceed the values of the known "paper mache" by more than 300%. Once they reach the setting point we are faced with a material with characteristics of durability and resistance that make it suitable as the final material in the realization of works of art. b) The aforementioned strength allows to obtain emptyings and pieces of small thickness and therefore very light in comparison with the other materials known at present. c) Plasticity has been one of the objectives that were pursued from the first moment in the search for a new material so that it was DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This is a modeling paste composed of paper fiber, liquid binder, cementitious powder, water, modeling, non-toxic and easy to handle. The cementitious powder (in solution) fills the interstices or pores left by the mixture of cellulose and glue, resulting in a complex material that allows both its molding for industrial application (according to the proportions 10 between the indicated margins); or a plastic material, optimal for artistic expression in applications of fine arts, crafts and DIY. The treatment of the paper fiber is based on a process of hydration with water followed by the elimination of the excess water, as well as a certain process of beating and mixing it with the liquid binder and the cementing powder. This paste can be worked at room temperature and there is a time range between 2 minutes and 2 hours, before drying and hardening. In addition, setting (process characterized by drying and hardening of material) does not require applying any type of product, although it is always possible to modify its initial properties through accelerators or retarders. 25 Nor does it require the use of toxic substances as solvents; emulsifiers, preservatives, or gas or liquid catalyst products that require special handling. It therefore has safety features or low toxicity, depending on the liquid adhesive used, so it can be handled indoors and does not require special ventilation. Both in its possible molding and demoulding, it does not require special products or solvents, being able to use basic materials such as soap or petroleum jelly, and even a film-like material to prevent it from adhering to the mold. As an additional advantage, it can be manipulated (manually shaped) to give applications or expressions of an artistic type or related to the 40 fine arts or crafts. The material is capable of admitting different types of supplements that improve the specific properties sought. In the case of looking for a greater resistance of mechanical type, it can be provided with different types of reinforcements, whether they are metallic in the form of a mesh or metallic filaments; as of flexible materials of polymeric mesh type, or even fiberglass, among many others. New layers of the same product can be applied to the material by accumulation (among which some new material such as sheet; mesh; etc) can be introduced resulting in complex sandwich-type materials with superior elastic or resistant properties. You can also apply 5 new materials or layers, although the first layer is already hardened, which facilitates the formation by molding of complex parts. In order to obtain comparable results, numerous tests have been carried out on parts obtained with dimensional homogeneity, carried out by means of a duralumin mold (Figure 1). After their subsequent drying and setting process, they were subjected to compression resistance tests, and through the study of their stress-strain behavior, in order to measure and compare their mechanical characteristics. 15 The pieces of the material object of this patent, in the form of a spherical shell 3 mm thick (Figure 1, C), in comparison with the patterns of identical size obtained from the traditional mixtures of glue and cellulose fiber that make up the paper Mache, have resulted in a resistance that, on average, exceeds 300%. 20 In Figure 2 we can see how the piece resists up to 330 kp with a small deformation, around 4 mm. in the form of crushing its dome. After the initial crushing, the piece becomes resistant again until around 450 kp. pressure undergoes a new deformation. From 25 of this moment the deformation rises from 6 mm to 8 mm with only a progressive increase of 50 kp. Finally, it resumes load until the moment of breakage that occurs after resisting 525 kp with 8.88 mm deformation. PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Plastic compound made from the following composition: 38% (by weight) of cellulose, 38% (by weight) of vinyl glue, 14% (by weight) of cementitious powder, and 10% ( by weight) of water. The treatment of cellulose 35 is based on a process of hydration with water, as well as a certain process of beating and mixing it with the vinyl glue and the cementitious powder. 40 45  

Claims (7)

REIVINDICACIONES 1. Material caracterizado por una mezcla de: -Fibra de papel (en proporción variable entre el 30% y el 40%). Se ha empleado 5 un papel ecológico comercial y se ha sumergido en agua durante 8 horas a temperatura ambiente (20 OC) para eliminar parcialmente por disolución algunos de sus aditivos, como adhesivos y blanqueadores. Posteriormente se ha eliminado por compresión manual el exceso de agua hasta llegar a una pasta que mantiene la forma que se le da con los dedos. lo-Aglutinante líquido del tipo de cola vinílica que no desprenda gases ni olores del tipo autorizado para manualidades en las escuelas (en proporción comprendida entre el 34% y el 42%). -Cementante en polvo como cemento comercial (en proporción comprendida entre el 14% y el 20%). 15 -Agua (en proporción comprendida entre e18% y el 14%). CLAIMS 1. Material characterized by a mixture of: -Paper fiber (in a variable proportion between 30% and 40%). A commercial ecological paper has been used and it has been immersed in water for 8 hours at room temperature (20 ° C) to partially dissolve some of its additives, such as adhesives and bleaches. Subsequently, the excess water has been removed by manual compression until it reaches a paste that maintains the shape that is given to it with the fingers. lo-Vinyl glue type liquid binder that does not give off gases or odors of the type authorized for crafts in schools (in a proportion between 34% and 42%). -Powder cement as commercial cement (in proportion between 14% and 20%). 15 -Water (in a proportion between 18% and 14%). 2. Material caracterizado por una mezcla descrita en la reivindicación 1, que permite la manipulación o conformado manual durante un margen de tiempo comprendido (según su formulación) entre 2 minutos y 60 minutos antes 20 de su endurecimiento a temperatura ambiente, por lo que es apto para aplicaciones o expresiones de tipo artístico o relacionado con las bellas artes o las manualidades. 2. Material characterized by a mixture described in claim 1, which allows manual manipulation or shaping for a period of time comprised (depending on its formulation) between 2 minutes and 60 minutes before hardening at room temperature, therefore it is suitable for applications or expressions of an artistic nature or related to fine arts or crafts. 3. Material caracterizado por una mezcla descrita en la reivindicación 1, 25 caracterizado por unas emisiones de bajo índice de toxicidad, gracias a lo cual se puede manipular en espacios cerrados o poco ventilados. 3. Material characterized by a mixture described in claim 1, 25 characterized by emissions with a low toxicity index, thanks to which it can be handled in closed or poorly ventilated spaces. 4. Material caracterizado por una mezcla descrita en la reivindicación 1, que por sí mismo logra el proceso de endurecido de forma espontánea sin 30 necesidad de aditivos. 35 4. Material characterized by a mixture described in claim 1, which by itself achieves the hardening process spontaneously without the need for additives. 35 5. Material caracterizado por una mezcla descrita en la reivindicación 1, que permite la obtención de piezas tridimensionales mediante el procedimiento de moldeado. 5. Material characterized by a mixture described in claim 1, which allows obtaining three-dimensional pieces by means of the molding process. 6. Material caracterizado por una mezcla descrita en la reivindicación 1, que incluye en su interior mallas; o bien filamentos metálicos; o bien mallas poliméricas; o bien fibras de vidrio para dotarlo de mayor resistencia mecánica. 40 6. Material characterized by a mixture described in claim 1, which includes meshes; or metallic filaments; or polymeric meshes; or glass fibers to give it greater mechanical resistance. 40 7. Material caracterizado por una mezcla descrita en la reivindicación 1, formado por la adición de varias capas del mismo, que intercala entre dichas capas, materiales como láminas; o bien mallas, para formar materiales complejos con propiedades mecánicas elevadas. 45 7. Material characterized by a mixture described in claim 1, formed by the addition of several layers thereof, which sandwiches between said layers, materials such as sheets; or meshes, to form complex materials with high mechanical properties. Four. Five
ES201600981A 2016-11-17 2016-11-17 Modeling paste composed of paper fiber, liquid binder, cementitious powder, emulsifier, water, and microbubble air, non-toxic and easy to handle. Active ES2668673B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES201600981A ES2668673B2 (en) 2016-11-17 2016-11-17 Modeling paste composed of paper fiber, liquid binder, cementitious powder, emulsifier, water, and microbubble air, non-toxic and easy to handle.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES201600981A ES2668673B2 (en) 2016-11-17 2016-11-17 Modeling paste composed of paper fiber, liquid binder, cementitious powder, emulsifier, water, and microbubble air, non-toxic and easy to handle.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
ES2668673A1 ES2668673A1 (en) 2018-05-21
ES2668673B2 true ES2668673B2 (en) 2018-09-06

Family

ID=62134015

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ES201600981A Active ES2668673B2 (en) 2016-11-17 2016-11-17 Modeling paste composed of paper fiber, liquid binder, cementitious powder, emulsifier, water, and microbubble air, non-toxic and easy to handle.

Country Status (1)

Country Link
ES (1) ES2668673B2 (en)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000034805A (en) * 1998-07-17 2000-02-02 Michito Fukazawa Spacer for reinforcing bar and manufacture of the same
DE102010012503B4 (en) * 2010-03-24 2014-06-26 Hans-Willi Babka Dry mixes for plasters
CN104973882A (en) * 2015-06-25 2015-10-14 北新集团建材股份有限公司 Preparation method of paper-surface gypsum board

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2668673A1 (en) 2018-05-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ES396533A1 (en) Composition assembly comprising constructional elements of plastic material for making free scheme compositions
ES2282892T5 (en) WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIAL.
ES2668673B2 (en) Modeling paste composed of paper fiber, liquid binder, cementitious powder, emulsifier, water, and microbubble air, non-toxic and easy to handle.
ES2668419B2 (en) Model paste consisting of paper fiber, liquid binder, cementitious powder, and water, modelable, non-toxic and easy to handle
PT105216A (en) TRANSLUCENT LIGHT CONCRETE
US10828931B2 (en) Three-dimensional visual representations
WO2009130911A1 (en) Moulding material
WO2016071551A1 (en) Method for producing construction parts, using waste from natural stone and/or mineral waste, and/or plant, animal or industrial waste, and part obtained
ES2069421T3 (en) METAMORPHOSEABLE OBJECTS BY HANDLING.
KR101264205B1 (en) Functional loess-clay composition giving off aroma
ES2556556B1 (en) Construction part and manufacturing process with residual materials
US1292688A (en) Composition of matter for manufacturing toys.
US1331519A (en) Plastic material practically incombustible, strong, and possessing insulating properties
CH656806A5 (en) Two-dimensional, rectangular building elements
ES2310111B1 (en) "NEW COMPOSITION OF WATER PAINTS WITH VOLUME AND PREPARATION PROCEDURE".
ES2351131B1 (en) PROCEDURE FOR MARKING AND TEXTURIZATION OF DECORATIVE SURFACES.
CN103223814A (en) Paper clay craft Chinese painting and producing method thereof
CN202242726U (en) Art designing product with embossed pictures and texts formed by splicing mould frames and used equipment
Güner Installation or Conceptual Art Project with the Ceramics Phenomenon, but How and when?
RU2703095C1 (en) Method for manufacture of a safe game module
ES2659313B1 (en) Composite material for making stone figures and procedure for obtaining them
US932092A (en) Ornamented molded concrete article.
KR200317911Y1 (en) Carver material use paper-clay
KR20040016553A (en) block for coloring aids
KR101466609B1 (en) Manufacturing method of a work and a composition kit for using the same method

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FG2A Definitive protection

Ref document number: 2668673

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: B2

Effective date: 20180906