ES2336759B1 - CLIMATIZATION SYSTEM BY LAYERS. - Google Patents

Abstract

Layer air conditioning system.

Air conditioning system for an enclosure interior comprising a diffusion system of the treated air that manages to treat only the target area without needing to treat all the air of the volume of the premises where the system is installed air conditioning, creating a volume of air, within the area objective, which keeps the temperature (tv) at default values, relative humidity, as well as degree of renewal, independently of the energy gains or losses existing in the totality of the interior enclosure or building.

Description

Layer air conditioning system.

Technical field

The present invention is part of the sector of thermal installations, specifically in the air conditioning of Buildings and premises.

More specifically, the invention makes reference to an air conditioning system whereby, thanks to a system of diffusion of the treated air, it is only possible to treat the area objective without the need to treat all the air of the room volume where the air conditioning system is installed. That is, it is created a volume of air, within the target zone, which keeps in preset values temperature (tv), relative humidity, as well as degree of renewal, regardless of profit or loss existing energy in the entire building.

Background of the invention

Air conditioning is understood as the action and effect of air conditioning, that is, giving a closed space the conditions of temperature, relative humidity, air purity and sometimes of pressure, desired for the well-being of people and the conservation of things

An air conditioning installation is the whole of elements arranged in such a way that the joint action of all they contribute to the achievement and maintenance of these desired conditions.

Broadly speaking, an installation of air conditioning is configured by the following parts fundamental:

- Energy production: either energy refrigerator or heat energy. In this area, the energy needed to achieve the desired conditions in the interior of an enclosure to be heated. This energy will be transmitted to a first fluid, which will be responsible for transporting the hot / cold to the energy exchange zone with the premises to try.

- Pipe network, responsible for transporting this primary fluid heated or cooled, from the units producers of heat or cold to the air treatment area objective.

- Air handling unit, or zone of air treatment: the energy transported by the fluid heat-carrier is transmitted to the premises air, in which will leave this area with humidity conditions, adequate temperature, purity and / or pressure.

- Network of ducts, which transport the air from the air handling unit to the space to condition.

- Broadcast system, formed by the different Exits of treated air to the premises. This system will be the responsible for distributing the air in the enclosure.

For example, when the treatment unit of air in turn perform the diffusion functions, there is no network of ducts; assembly in the same outer body of the heat or cold producing unit with the treatment unit of air, etc.

It is known Spanish patent No. 2257684 that describes a system of heating and / or air conditioning of premises, whereby an independent control of each zone is allowed to try. Despite the advantage of the system, it presents the drawback that said air treatment system treats everything the volume of the premises, not differentiating from occupied zone and zone unoccupied

Similarly Spanish Patent No. 8506172 describes an improvement of the devices for the air conditioning distribution. However, I don't know either differentiates zones in the premises subject to treatment.

Another very important aspect in the systems of air conditioning is the control of the air quality of the area objective, by providing a ventilation flow or minimum renewals established in current legislation. For this, most systems allow the intake of outside air, to its introduction in the premises to be treated, either directly, well mixed with recirculation air.

Another system known in the art is that set forth in Spanish patent document No. 8607520 in which describes an air conditioning and renovation system environment in the areas of permanence in ships, especially from 5 meters high. This proposed solution is characterized by the provision, at half height of the ship, of two mouths or air outlets, one with treated air and one with air untreated return. The amount of air that comes out of each mouth of Drive is controlled and regulated. Both air flows are mix and descend gradually towards a target area (which it will be valid only in refrigeration cycle) located in the part bottom of the ship. This system, despite its advantages with regarding systems that deal with the entire volume of the premises, it is less advantageous that if we manage to direct a single jet of treated air to the target area In addition, no control of the temperature or the pressure in the upper area of the room at air conditioning, so that heat can accumulate in that area superior, increasing losses by a considerable amount relation to the system object of the present patent.

Therefore, it is desirable to obtain a system of air conditioning (both for refrigeration cycle and for heating) to avoid treating the entire volume of the premises, because of that important energy and economic savings are produced, since only the energy needed to treat a small volume of the total existing in the premises, directing directly properly treated air to the target area by supplying the energy necessary to treat the air of said target area, without the need to combat all losses energy of the ship or premises to be heated.

Description of the invention

The present invention has been developed with the in order to provide an air conditioning system that solves the drawbacks mentioned above, also providing other additional advantages that will be apparent from the description which is accompanied below.

It is therefore an object of the present invention provide a climate control system (both for cycle cooling as for heating) to avoid treating all the volume of the interior enclosure, so that savings are obtained economically important, since only energy is required necessary to treat a small volume of the total existing in the indoor enclosure Second, the ideal is that the air properly treated go directly to the target area, supplying the energy necessary to treat the air in said area objective, without the need to combat all energy losses of the ship or premises to be heated.

It is another object of the invention to provide a air conditioning system for air treatment by layers, of such that only the target area is treated, which corresponds with the area occupied by people, also staying in everything moment a suitable temperature, speed and air quality in said target layer.

The air conditioning system of the invention It is particularly useful in spaces with dimensions considerable, especially industrial buildings with high height, performing a layered air treatment, thus avoiding an expense Excessive energy that occurs when the entire volume is acclimatized of the inner enclosure.

In addition, this system allows the renovation of the indoor air, in addition to maintaining temperature, speed and quality conditions suitable for users that are inside the enclosure to be heated.

In this way, it is intended to give solution to high energy consumption caused by current systems of air conditioning, which treat the indoor air to air conditioning in all its volume, not differentiating between areas that they want to keep in certain conditions of comfort and others areas where such conditions are not necessary. Is about replicate the advantages of underfloor air conditioning, without its drawbacks (need for underground pipe network, point dew, etc.).

Thanks to an adequate air diffusion and addressing system, the air conditioning system presented in this invention sends treated air to the area to be heated, in a uniform way and throughout its surface, thus creating an overpressure in said area, while that the rest of the interior enclosure will remain depre-
Zion.

This air treated and sent to the target area allows to reach comfort conditions in terms of temperature, humidity and degree of renewal. ä1 same time, overpressure generated in the target zone, does not allow entry into said zone of undesirable air. On the other hand, treated air is introduced and in adequate comfort conditions.

Another aspect not less important is the fact which depending on the time of the year and the air conditioning cycle (heating or cooling) indoor air renewal is will do differently, either by treating the outside air thermally or without treating it.

Thus, the air conditioning system of the invention manages to maintain temperature and pressure conditions suitable in each zone of the interior enclosure (objective zone (2) and high zone (3)), maintaining a temperature gradient, which will vary whether it is to heat or cool the enclosure inside.

The circumstance occurs, for many hours of heating cycle operation, of which the gradient generated It is negative upwards.

To get proper air renewal, in refrigeration cycle, the air conditioner will take air from the target area, using a system of ducts and gates, and outside air, mixing both flows in proportion adequate, to ensure adequate quality of the resulting air, in temperature and humidity conditions that involve a minimum energy cost for the installation. This treated air is driven back to the target area while the air replaced in said area, which has been heated due to thermal gains of the inner enclosure, it is directed, thanks to the depression created, to the upper layers of the ship, going out later, in a proportion similar to that introduced to perform the renewal.

In heating cycle, although you can produce the process of mixing air from the target area with air exterior to be treated later in the machine air conditioning, most of the operating time of the system will do so by injecting air through the upper layers of the indoor enclosure, untreated air at a temperature equal to the outside temperature. This cold air exists in layers elevated, will fall by gravity to the target area and mixing with hot air, rising from the target area, thus achieving comfort conditions in terms of temperature and degree of renewal. This air injected from the top creates an overpressure in the ship, which prevents the entry of undesirable drafts of air through doors, slits or other ship openings.

A system of gates, which will act on the moments in which the installation works in a cycle of cooling, allow the exit of stale and superheated air from the top This air, which is displaced from from the target zone, drag excess kcal out of the ship (energy) contained in the hot air and that will not be necessary cool again In the heating cycle the openings will be used natural enclosures and existing doors (slits) as means of evacuation of unwanted air.

A fan, which works in the cycle of heating, introduces air from outside into the enclosure interior, allowing adequate air renewal at the same time that generates an overpressure in the inner enclosure, causing the gradual decrease of cold air, which is mixed with hot air rising from the target area.

Other characteristics of the system subject to patent is the use of the energy needed to heat only volume of air existing in the target area, saving an energy consumption to condition upper layers of the premises that are affected by the energy gains coming from Exterior.

Other features and advantages of the system air conditioning object of the present invention will be apparent to from the description of a preferred embodiment, but not exclusive, which is illustrated by way of non-limiting example in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic view that shows the operation of the air conditioning system according with the present invention in a refrigeration cycle for a local; Y

Figure 2 is a schematic view that shows the operation of the air conditioning system of the invention in a heating cycle.

Description of a preferred embodiment of the invention

Figure 1 shows a ship (1) of considerable dimensions with a considerable height provided with air conditioning system according to the invention.

Reference (2) indicates a zone called target zone (2) in which you want to maintain a temperature of comfort of + 24ºC. This target area (2), of approximate height 2.5 m, coincides with the area occupied by people. The rest of volume (3) of the ship (1) is located from 2.5 m of height.

A climate control device is provided (4) to treat the ambient air of the target zone (2), driving the treated air to the same target zone (2), with a speed (vv), temperature (tv) and degree of renovation required to ensure a comfort in said target area (2), via a return duct (6) and a gate system {12) air will be taken from the area objective (2) to treat it. An automatic system (5) linked to air conditioning device (4) allows air renewal, by mixing of return air with air from outside, in the adequate proportions.

A broadcast system (7), such as by for example, slits or nozzles associated with the duct network (6) are responsible for boosting the flow of treated air to the target area (2).

As can be seen in figure 1, some openings (8) regulated by means of an automatic control system, They are located in the upper area of the ship, allowing evacuate the stale and hot air from the target area (2) that has been displaced by air driven from the climate control device (4), thus carrying out the necessary renovation in the ship (1). From this way, stale hot air is expelled instead of spent Energy in your treatment.

In this condition, a gradient of temperature in the ship (1), existing in the target zone (2) the desired comfort temperature (+ 24ºC) and in high layers of the ship (3) a higher temperature (+ 40ºC), due to the gains thermal events inside the ship (1). So that this air high layers do not accumulate and go down towards the target area (2), is expelled to the outside by the excess air.

Figure 2 describes the operation of the patent system in heating cycle so they have omitted for reasons of understanding some elements involved only during the refrigeration cycle and where the components and common elements have the same numerical references as in Figure 1

To heat the target area (2) at a comfort temperature (+ 21 / + 24ºC), it has the same air conditioning device (4), operating in the cycle of heating. A return duct (6) and a gate system (12) returns air from the target area (2) to the machine, to be treated Through an automatic system (5) the control sometimes allows a small renewal of air treated by the climate control device (4), since it controls the amount of outside air injected into the upper part of the ship (1) as well such as the mixing temperature and the height of the air layers. He treated air is driven back to the target zone (2) by a diffusion system (7).

The maximum or total renewal (according to existing outside temperature) is achieved by injection into high areas of the ship (1) of air coming from outside, directly untreated, which will descend from high layers (3) to the target area (2) mixing and getting the proper renovation

A vertical temperature gradient is created in the interior of the ship (1), existing in the target area (2) the comfort temperature (+ 21ºC / + 24ºC), while in high areas of the ship {3), in most cases, the temperature will be lower (+ 10 ° C).

In the upper part of the ship (1) a fan (9) takes air from outside (10) and drives it to the upper zone (3), used for this purpose a diffusion system (11). Temperature outside causes the gradual decrease of the flow rate. He made of the air overpressure introduced in these high layers (3) of the ship (1), as well as the fall of the ship towards the area of mixture (3) and objective (2), creates a pressure with respect to the area objective (2), helping to prevent the rise of hot air at high areas of the ship (3).

Next, the operation will be explained of the system of the invention on a summer day (need for cooling) in relation to figure 1, and a winter day (heating requirement) in relation to figure 2.

In both cases, it is maintained in an area target (2) of a ship (1), vv speed, tv temperature and necessary quality of comfort, controlling the pressures in the area objective (2) and in the upper layers (3), and the vertical gradient of temperatures originated in the ship (1).

Refrigeration cycle (figure 1)

In any ship or enclosure (1) of considerable dimensions, as well as high height, if you want to keep some comfort conditions in a target area (2), that is, a temperature of + 24ºC, lower temperature outside (+ 35ºC of generic form). For this, it will be necessary to provide cold air, to lower temperature than comfort, to counteract loads Thermal of the ship. In the ship or enclosure (1) the target area (2) It is the area occupied by people with an approximate height of 2.5 m with respect to the ground.

Using the climate control device (4), treats the return air of the target zone (2), for which it It has a network of return ducts (6) and a system of gates (12). The return air is mixed in the proportions suitable with outside air, according to its characteristics, thanks to a automatic system (5). An adequate degree is ensured that way. of renovation of the interior air of the ship (1).

This treated air is driven and directed, thanks to a diffusion system (7) to the target area (2) with some speed conditions (vv), temperature (tv) and quality needed For adequate comfort.

As a consequence of the air supply, it causes an overpressure in the target zone (2), displacing the existing air, towards the high parts (3) of the building, warming up as it rises.

This creates a vertical gradient of temperatures and air circulation, with a temperature of comfort in the target area (+ 24ºC), at the same time as in zones high (3) of the ship (1) the air temperature is higher, due to the thermal gains of the ship (1), as well as the arrival of air coming from the target zone (2) that warms up as amounts, also due to thermal gains. This rise of hot air {fundamentally renewal air) will be more or less rapid depending on the depression in the upper parts of the ship (1), as well as the desired renewal percentage.

To get an evacuation of stale air from the target area (2) the arrangement of openings (8) located at the top of the ship (1) allow the passage of the air outside the ship.

In this way, the target zone (2) will be overpressured with respect to the high parts (3) of the ship (1). This depression in the upper parts (3) favors the ascent and subsequent evacuation through the openings (8) of the hot air and vitiated existing in the ship (1). The accumulation of hot air caused by the thermal gains of the ship (1). A portion of this air that you want to expel, does so by doors and through the natural openings (slits) that may exist in the vertical enclosures of the ship (1).

This system allows the cooling of the ship, without the need for energy production, when it detects that External conditions allow an energy use.

It even allows the accumulation of cold during The night hours.

Heating cycle (figure 2)

In the case that you want to keep some comfort conditions in a target area (2) with a temperature approximate of + 24ºC, being lower temperature to the outside (+ 5ºC generically), it will be necessary to provide hot air, to temperature higher than comfort, to counteract loads Thermal of the ship.

Using the climate control device (4), treats the return air of the target zone (2), for which it It has a network of return ducts (6) and a system of gates, to perform the admission of air at a certain height. The return air can be mixed in the appropriate proportions with outside air, thanks to an automatic system (5), in order of getting an adequate degree of renewal, although, as indicated below, the renewal will preferably be carried out by another method.

This treated air is driven and directed, thanks to an adequate diffusion system (7) to the target area (2) with conditions of speed vi, temperature ti and quality necessary for adequate comfort.

As a consequence of the air supply to the target zone (2), an overpressure is caused in said zone (2), displacing the existing air, which will rise forced to the high parts (3) of the ship (1). The overpressure itself created in the target zone (2) prevents the coldest air from falling in the layers superior (3).

In the deck area of the ship (1) it is installed one or more fans (9) which takes air from the exterior, for which it uses an intake duct (10) and drives and directs towards the upper parts of the ship (3), thanks to a diffusion system (11). This introduced air is not treated thermally A renewal of the indoor air of the ship (1), while infiltrations are counteracted occurred in the ship (1). This cold air at outside temperature will go gradually descending, mixing with air coming from the target zone (2) in the upper (3) and intermediate layers of the ship (one). In this way, this air introduced colder than the existing one in the target zone (2) it will create a small overpressure in the layers high (3), preventing the rise of hot air.

This system of renewal and introduction of outside air achieves significant energy savings by getting an adequate renovation of the environment without having to try thermally the air introduced, at the same time as the higher layers (3) colder, less heat is lost by exterior in the upper parts of the vertical enclosures and in the ship deck (1).

This creates a vertical temperature gradient in the ship (1), there is a temperature in the target zone (2) of comfort (+ 24ºC), which decreases as it increases in height, existing in the high zones (3) of the ship (1) a temperature of approximately + 10 ° C.

The details, the shapes, the dimensions and other accessory elements, as well as the materials used in the manufacture of the system of the invention may conveniently be replaced by others that are technically equivalent and not depart from the essentiality of the invention or the defined scope by the claims included below.

Claims (6)

1. Layered air conditioning system, especially for air conditioning an indoor enclosure (1), comprising an air conditioning device (4) operating in the heating and cooling cycle, a network of air return ducts (6), a system of air intake gates (12) located in said network of air return ducts (6), an automatic system (5), an outside air intake (10), characterized by the fact that it comprises: an air diffusion system (7) that drives and directs the air to a target area (2) located at the bottom of the inner enclosure (1) uniformly with conditions of speed (vv), temperature (tv) and degree of renewal predetermined by a management unit provided on the device air conditioner (4), a fan (9) that takes outside air (10), not heat treated, and drives it to the highlands (3) of the inner enclosure (1) when it is operating in a cycle of heating, at least one opening (8) made in the vertical enclosures of the interior enclosure (1) through the which stale air from the target zone (2) can be expelled to the outside, said opening (8) being associated with a automatic control system for opening and closing the same, such that in a refrigeration cycle and / or heating is the air of a target area (2) defined by a layer located at the bottom of the inner enclosure (1), not trying the rest of the indoor air volume (1) when creating an overpressure in the target zone (2) by means of air diffusion system (7), displacing stale air at high parts of the interior enclosure (1).

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2. Layer air conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that in cooling cycle the target area (2) will be overpressured, while the upper layers (3) of the ship (1) will be in depression, so that the air hot and stale existing in the target area (2) and which is displaced by new air, ascends to the upper layers (3) of the ship, subsequently going outside helped by the temperature gradient inside the interior enclosure (1) . 3. Layer air conditioning system according to previous claims, characterized in that a vertical temperature gradient is created under refrigeration conditions, with a comfort temperature existing in the target area, at the same time as in high zones (3) of the interior enclosure (1 ) the air temperature is higher than the comfort temperature. 4. Layer air conditioning system according to previous claims, characterized in that in heating cycle the hot air driven by the air conditioning device (4) only heats the lower layer of the inner enclosure (1), called the target zone (2), of a height Approximately 2.5 m above ground level. 5. Layered air conditioning system according to previous claims, characterized in that in heating conditions a vertical temperature gradient is created in the interior enclosure (1), there being in the target area (2) a comfort temperature (+ 24 ° C), the which decreases as it increases in height, existing in the upper areas (3) of the inner enclosure (1) a temperature of approximately + 10 ° C. 6. Layer air conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that the air diffusion means (7) comprise nozzles.