ES2323209B1 - SIMPLE VENTILATED FAÇADE SYSTEM. - Google Patents

Abstract

Simple ventilated facade system.

The present invention relates to a system for simple ventilated façade that simplifies systems common construction of ventilated facades. It serves so much for new construction and rehabilitation, avoiding costly stake out operations of all anchor points of a ventilated facade, being able to use labor in its construction not qualified. It is a dry construction system.

It consists of a system of generally blind profiled sheets placed with the profiling ribs in a vertical position, being able to be perforated on all or some of their faces, which are fixed on horizontal metal profiles supported on vertical uprights fixed to the slabs, uprights that receive the weight of the façade and the wind pressure exerted on it and transmit it to the resistant structure of the building (a masonry wall or an existing façade can also be used as a support for the façade in the case of rehabilitation). The exterior façade plates are placed on these sheets, by interposing horizontal auxiliary clamps or profiles to support them (according to any of the usual systems on the market for ventilated facades). After the plates, towards the inside face of the building, and generally between uprights, the insulation is placed, which

is protected by the sheet from possible water seepage from the outside, which can pass through the plates facade (these generally do not have joints between them), fact that in the usual ventilated façade systems it does not happen (the insulators are located after the facade plates, without any intermediate element except the air chamber, so they are unprotected from outside water in the event of a blizzard, fog, etc., losing their effectiveness as insulators if they are affected due to humidity). Finally, behind the vertical posts, towards inside the building, the enclosure can be finished with gypsum board bolted directly to said uprights or to an interposed profile creating a chamber or several for the passage of facilities or the placement of some reflective insulation sheet increases insulating capacity From the wall.

Description

Simple ventilated facade system.

Background of the invention

A facade is the vertical exterior enclosure of a building that insulates and protects its interior from the conditions outdoor weather conditions.

A ventilated facade has the characteristic The main thing is to have an air chamber between the lining last exterior of the same, in contact with the exterior, and its thermo acoustic insulator; within this chamber, the upward circulation of air through the chimney effect along of the entire facade and thanks to the fact that an entrance of outside air at the base of the façade and an outlet of the same in its highest part; this allows the ventilation to be used as insulation thermal effect, an effect already known and used since ancient times in the insulation of building roofs and that in the Currently, due to technical advances in construction, it is possible to use it on facades, both in new construction and in rehabilitation, thus contributing to energy savings and to the development of a bioclimatic architecture.

In all ventilated façade systems, find these three elements: the structural support system of cladding plates, insulation (thermal or thermo acoustic) and the plates themselves, establishing an air chamber (in which the upward circulation of the same is allowed) between the outer plates and the insulation, which in some cases It is protected against external humidity. The structural system The support of the facade panels is generally made of metal profiles, supported in most cases on a the building's first enclosure wall that serves as a support. This structural system consists of the following elements:

1.

Support pieces or brackets, which are metal parts generally in the shape of "L" that are evenly distributed in a grid that must be perfectly rethought on the enclosure wall that serves support, and that are fixed to it by screws and plugs (mechanical or chemical).

2.

Vertical profiles, which are pieces longitudinal metal bolted to the support pieces, specially configured to receive staples or profiles plate support.

3.

Staples, which are metal pieces that serve as a connection between the cover plate and the profile vertical; in some cases, the staples are fixed to other profiles longitudinally placed horizontally attached to the verticals: in these cases, the stakeout does not need to be so exact as in the general case, since the staples can move horizontally to the proper place of suspension of the plate; on other occasions, these horizontal profiles screwed to the verticals have longitudinal guides to support direct from the facade plates on them.

There are other structural systems used especially in industrial enclosure, consisting of trays metal "U" shaped, blind, arranged in position horizontally or vertically, which are externally clad with sheet metal profiled, generally pre-lacquered or made of aluminum, placed on the base trays with the ribs perpendicular to the ribs of the support trays.

In the ventilated facades described and that use as a support a first closing wall, the insulation is generally placed leaning on said wall, a wall on which the supporting structure of the facade is fixed, leaving only a air chamber between insulation and exterior façade plates without any other intermediate element, and through which the air circulates ascending. In the industrial facades described in the previous paragraph, the insulator is fitted inside the "U" shaped trays also leaving an air chamber between the insulation and the outer skin.

The outer cladding plates of the facades can be of many types: ceramic, stone, polymer concrete, agglomerated material, porcelain stoneware, phenolic, metallic boards, etc.

Object of the invention

The present invention refers to a simple ventilated façade system that simplifies the usual ventilated façade construction systems. It is used both for new construction and for rehabilitation, avoiding costly stakeout operations of all the anchoring points of a ventilated façade, and may employ unskilled labor in its construction. It is a dry construction system.

It consists of a system of generally blind profiled sheets placed with the profiling ribs in a vertical position, being able to be perforated on all or some of their faces, which are fixed on horizontal metal profiles supported on vertical uprights fixed to the slabs, uprights that receive the weight of the façade and the wind pressure exerted on it and transmit it to the resistant structure of the building (a masonry wall or an existing façade can also be used as a support for the façade in the case of rehabilitation). The exterior façade plates are placed on these sheets, by interposing horizontal auxiliary clamps or profiles to support them (according to any of the usual systems on the market for ventilated facades). Behind the sheets, towards the inside face of the building, and generally between uprights, the insulation is placed, which is protected by the sheet from possible water seepage from the outside, which can pass through the facade plates (these generally do not have together), a fact that in the usual ventilated façade systems this does not happen (the insulators are located next to the façade plates, without any intermediate element except the air chamber, so they are unprotected from outside water in case of blizzard, fog, etc., losing their effectiveness as insulators if they are affected by humidity). Finally, after the vertical posts, towards the interior of the building, the enclosure can be finished off with laminated plasterboards screwed directly to said posts or to an interposed profile creating a chamber or several for the passage of facilities or the placement of a sheet of reflective insulation that increases the insulating capacity of the
Wall.

Description of the invention

The present invention refers to a system for a simple ventilated façade that is fundamentally formed by two elements: metal sheet and façade plates, between which a ventilated air chamber is created. These two elements need a support structure (resistant wall or metal studs) on which they rest and through which they transmit the forces supported by the facade to the building structure. The wall is completed with one or more layers of insulation (thermal or thermoacoustic) and the interior lining (laminated plasterboard or plaster or mortar plaster).

The sheet metal is profiled longitudinally and positioned with the profiling ribs at vertical position; the geometric section of the profiling is repeated successively across the width of the sheet or only at its edges and has a configuration at its ends such that the overlap of a plate with the following one configures a nerve of the same section as the intermediate or extreme, depending on the case. The nerves are generally rectangular, trapezoidal or wavy section defining their faces front and rear two planes parallel to the facade plane (planes between which the ventilated air chamber is contained); This allows the support of the sheets on the profiles horizontal bars fixed to the support structure (metal studs or enclosure wall), can be done simply and also the staples or longitudinal profiles to support the plates of facade bolted to it (according to the anchoring systems existing plates) on which the facade plates rest rest on a defined plane. The sheet metal can be perforated or not to facilitate the existence of a single air or otherwise (blank plate), each wave will create a independent chamber forming a multitude of vertical ducts of ventilation; if perforating the faces of the nerves, These will be made according to the situation they occupy in each nerve: thus, the faces on which the staples or profiles that support the plates, they will generally lack perforations, to facilitate screwing them to them; those that unite the front faces with the back faces will have a larger surface drilling to facilitate the existence of a single ventilation between the facade plates and the insulation; the faces later may or may not be perforated depending on the type of insulation that is placed behind them and always allowing their bolting to the crossbars or walls to which they are attached (if the the insulation is reflective and is placed directly behind the sheet metal, it will have a higher insulating performance if the back face of the sheet metal in contact with it is perforated, allowing a better radiation reflection). Perforations in the sheets They can also be done by stretching it, punching, profiling, or whatever system the industry uses. The formation of the ribs can also be done by pressing, bending, paneling or profiling of the sheet.

The insulation, in this façade system simple ventilated, always placed behind the support plate of the facade plates, towards the interior of the building, that allows it to be protected against leaks of water running through the exterior façade plates; logically This protection will be greater in the event that the sheet is not find perforated.

These profiled metal sheets, together with the facade plates that are fixed to them, configure a system that differs from the ventilated façade systems described in the background on the following:

1.

Thanks to the nested trays together they form a continuous metal surface, it is guaranteed a physical security of the same and allows to replace the support wall for anchoring the façade structure by studs metal and light horizontal profiles, construction system more economical dry, with a lower cost in labor and time, or and the use of unskilled labor. The insulator located behind the metal plates is not so exposed to humidity (in the case of blind sheets it is completely protected) and therefore does not suffer deterioration in its functions (in the most traditional ventilated facade systems do not there is no separating element between the insulator and the plates facade). Insulator will be placed in our system generally housed between the vertical uprights fixed to the floors or attached to the support wall when applicable.

2.

Allows labor saving of placement because the successive insertion of sheets speeds up the operation without the possibility of error, being only necessary to rethink either the first vertical rib; rethinking the first sheet, all the facade is defined. Staking out metal studs vertical between floors is simple, because the only plane in the its flatness must be controlled is that of the outer face of the profiles parallel to the facade, no matter what is produced some vertical (lateral) collapse of the same, nor that the distance between them is exact.

3.

The manufacture of the profiled sheets may be such that the dimension between ribs is a submultiple of the distances between axes between two consecutive facade plates, thus the vertical joints between plates are protected from water seepage in case of blizzard because behind the vertical joint between plates there is the face continuous vertical of the rib of the sheet on which they are screwed the plate support clips, which prevents the water poured through the vertical joints pass to the camera.

The essence of this invention does not alter the variation of materials, shape, size, arrangement of perforations and shape of the same, the formation of the nerves of the plates, whose description is made in a non-limiting way, this being sufficient for its reproduction by an expert in the matter.

Brief description of the drawings

Figure 1.- Shows a possible dry solution in perspective of the system for a simple ventilated façade , in which the vertical metal studs (1) on which the horizontal metal profiles (2) to which the sheet is screwed can be seen profiled (3) (which in the case of the drawing is perforated, although it can be totally blind) which is the main part of the system; the façade plates (6) are placed on this, by means of the interposition of some clips (4) screwed to the ribs of the profiling on their front face, and fitted in them. Between uprights an insulator (7) (glass wool, rock wool, etc.) is placed, and behind them another insulating plate (8) (eg extruded polystyrene) between the omegas (10) that, screwed to the vertical posts ( 1), serve as support for the plasterboard plates (11 and 12) that make up the inner lining. Between the facade plates (6) and the insulator (7) a ventilated air chamber (13) is created inside which is the profiled sheet (3).

Figure 2.- Shows in section the same elements described in figure 1 in addition to the screws (5) that fix the support clamps of the facade panels to the sheets profiled (3).

Claims (3)

1. System for a simple ventilated façade, one of which interposes a ventilated air chamber between the façade cladding plates and the insulator, characterized by having in front of the insulator, as a supporting element and support of the façade plates, some Blind or perforated metal sheets, profiled longitudinally, placed with the profiling ribs in a vertical position, ribs that have a front and a rear face parallel to the facade plane and whose geometric profiling section (rectangular, trapezoidal or wavy) is repeated along the width of the sheet and provide it with a rigidity capable of withstanding horizontal forces without deforming and of supporting the weight of the facade plates and transmitting them, through the interposition of horizontal profiles to the support structure (generally made up of metal studs fixed to the slabs or by a masonry wall supported on said slabs), presenting these profiled sheets at their ends l There is a configuration such that the overlap of one plate with the next one configures a rib generally of the same section as the intermediate ones, and after which the insulation is placed (on the face facing the interior of the building, generally between the uprights between floors or in the space occupied by the horizontal profile in case the support is a wall between slabs) thus protecting said insulator from humidity and external water seepage that can pass through the façade plates through their joints, and creating a chamber ventilated between the facade plates and the profiled sheets that support them. 2. System for a simple ventilated façade according to the preceding claims, characterized in that in the way of fastening the façade plates to the vertical plates it is compatible with any of the existing systems on the market, either by means of independent clips screwed to the vertical ribs on which the façade plates rest, or by means of continuous longitudinal profiles screwed to the vertical ribs of the profiled sheets on which the façade plates rest directly or by means of staples. 3. System for a simple ventilated façade according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the completion of the enclosure to the interior can be completed, depending on the support element of the trays (resistant wall or metal studs), by means of different layers of the usual in construction, composed of the simplest of a simple layer of plaster behind the wall, even those used by dry constructions based on profiles and laminated plasterboard (one or more), being able to insert between the latter and the support structure, one or more chambers of air for the passage of facilities and / or the placement of supplementary insulators to the main one, these insulating materials can be reflective or traditional material based on glass or rock wool, polystyrene plates, etc.