ES2144358B1 - Dispositivos de ensayo. - Google Patents
Dispositivos de ensayo.Info
- Publication number
- ES2144358B1 ES2144358B1 ES009800298A ES9800298A ES2144358B1 ES 2144358 B1 ES2144358 B1 ES 2144358B1 ES 009800298 A ES009800298 A ES 009800298A ES 9800298 A ES9800298 A ES 9800298A ES 2144358 B1 ES2144358 B1 ES 2144358B1
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- flow
- flow path
- upstream
- upstream body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5023—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures with a sample being transported to, and subsequently stored in an absorbent for analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54366—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
- G01N33/54386—Analytical elements
- G01N33/54387—Immunochromatographic test strips
- G01N33/54388—Immunochromatographic test strips based on lateral flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0809—Geometry, shape and general structure rectangular shaped
- B01L2300/0825—Test strips
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0887—Laminated structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
- B01L2400/0403—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces
- B01L2400/0406—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces capillary forces
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/25—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing including sample preparation
- Y10T436/25375—Liberation or purification of sample or separation of material from a sample [e.g., filtering, centrifuging, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/25—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing including sample preparation
- Y10T436/25375—Liberation or purification of sample or separation of material from a sample [e.g., filtering, centrifuging, etc.]
- Y10T436/255—Liberation or purification of sample or separation of material from a sample [e.g., filtering, centrifuging, etc.] including use of a solid sorbent, semipermeable membrane, or liquid extraction
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Automatic Analysis And Handling Materials Therefor (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Holo Graphy (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Dispositivos de ensayo. Un dispositivo de ensayo que incorpora una tira de material compuesto que consta de al menos dos cuerpos de un material poroso conductor de flujo que juntos definen parte de una trayectoria de flujo de líquido a través de la cual debe fluir un líquido durante la realización de un análisis, en el que la dimensión lateral de la zona de contacto del cuerpo situado corriente arriba se estrecha de tal manera que el flujo de líquido desde el cuerpo situado corriente arriba al cuerpo situado corriente abajo es Concentrado hacia la línea central de la trayectoria de flujo en el cuerpo situado corriente abajo, reduciendo de esta manera la probabilidad de que el líquido se desvíe de la trayectoria de flujo prevista. El cuerpo situado corriente arriba puede ser una mecha de recogida de muestra.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9703094A GB2322192B (en) | 1997-02-14 | 1997-02-14 | Assay devices |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ES2144358A1 ES2144358A1 (es) | 2000-06-01 |
ES2144358B1 true ES2144358B1 (es) | 2000-12-01 |
Family
ID=10807666
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ES009800298A Expired - Fee Related ES2144358B1 (es) | 1997-02-14 | 1998-02-13 | Dispositivos de ensayo. |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6156271A (es) |
JP (1) | JPH10232189A (es) |
AU (1) | AU742664B2 (es) |
CA (1) | CA2229331C (es) |
DE (1) | DE19806291A1 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2144358B1 (es) |
FR (1) | FR2759782B1 (es) |
GB (1) | GB2322192B (es) |
IE (1) | IE980070A1 (es) |
IT (1) | IT1302059B1 (es) |
NL (1) | NL1008254C2 (es) |
Families Citing this family (73)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US6303081B1 (en) * | 1998-03-30 | 2001-10-16 | Orasure Technologies, Inc. | Device for collection and assay of oral fluids |
US8062908B2 (en) | 1999-03-29 | 2011-11-22 | Orasure Technologies, Inc. | Device for collection and assay of oral fluids |
WO1999050656A1 (en) * | 1998-03-30 | 1999-10-07 | Epitope, Inc. | Collection device for single step assay of oral fluids |
US6600057B2 (en) | 2000-12-29 | 2003-07-29 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors |
US7041787B2 (en) | 2000-12-29 | 2006-05-09 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Design and use of advanced zinc chelating peptides to regulate matrix metalloproteinases |
DE10102065C2 (de) * | 2001-01-17 | 2003-04-17 | Sartorius Gmbh | Diagnostikmembran und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Diagnostikmembran |
US6818452B2 (en) * | 2001-04-23 | 2004-11-16 | Branan Medical Corp. | Lateral flow contact test apparatus |
US20050266499A1 (en) * | 2001-04-25 | 2005-12-01 | Rockeby Biomed Corporation, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for testing for presence or absence of select biological substances |
WO2003023051A2 (en) * | 2001-09-11 | 2003-03-20 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Lateral flow test format for enzyme assays |
US7879293B2 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2011-02-01 | Orasure Technologies, Inc. | Sample collector and test device |
US6837171B1 (en) | 2002-04-29 | 2005-01-04 | Palmer/Snyder Furniture Company | Lightweight table with unitized table top |
US20030119203A1 (en) | 2001-12-24 | 2003-06-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Lateral flow assay devices and methods for conducting assays |
WO2003060461A2 (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2003-07-24 | Inverness Medical Switzerland Gmbh | System and method for fluorescence detection |
US6819131B2 (en) | 2002-07-11 | 2004-11-16 | Motorola, Inc. | Passive, grease-free cooled device fixtures |
US7285424B2 (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2007-10-23 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Membrane-based assay devices |
GB2409720B (en) * | 2002-10-08 | 2007-05-09 | Tara Nylese | Portable diagnostic device and method for determining temporal variations in concentrations |
EP1549436B1 (en) * | 2002-10-11 | 2014-09-03 | ZBx Corporation | Diagnostic devices |
TW580376B (en) * | 2002-10-24 | 2004-03-21 | Oncoprobe Biotech Inc | Test pen |
US7781172B2 (en) | 2003-11-21 | 2010-08-24 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method for extending the dynamic detection range of assay devices |
GB0300820D0 (en) * | 2003-01-14 | 2003-02-12 | Diagnoswiss Sa | Membrane-microchannel strip |
CA2468014C (en) * | 2003-06-04 | 2016-03-22 | Inverness Medical Switzerland Gmbh | Flow sensing for determination of assay results |
US7239394B2 (en) * | 2003-06-04 | 2007-07-03 | Inverness Medical Switzerland Gmbh | Early determination of assay results |
US7315378B2 (en) * | 2003-06-04 | 2008-01-01 | Inverness Medical Switzerland Gmbh | Optical arrangement for assay reading device |
ES2323311T3 (es) | 2003-06-04 | 2009-07-13 | Inverness Medical Switzerland Gmbh | Disposicion optica para dispositivo de lectura de analisis. |
US7317532B2 (en) * | 2003-06-04 | 2008-01-08 | Inverness Medical Switzerland Gmbh | Flow sensing for determination of assay results |
US7722817B2 (en) * | 2003-08-28 | 2010-05-25 | Epocal Inc. | Lateral flow diagnostic devices with instrument controlled fluidics |
US7943395B2 (en) | 2003-11-21 | 2011-05-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Extension of the dynamic detection range of assay devices |
US7713748B2 (en) | 2003-11-21 | 2010-05-11 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method of reducing the sensitivity of assay devices |
US20050191704A1 (en) * | 2004-03-01 | 2005-09-01 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Assay devices utilizing chemichromic dyes |
CN100357738C (zh) * | 2004-03-26 | 2007-12-26 | 博奥生物有限公司 | 一种检测小分子化合物的方法 |
CN102768273B (zh) * | 2004-03-30 | 2015-08-26 | 通用电气医疗集团生物科学公司 | 侧流格式、材料和方法 |
US7763454B2 (en) | 2004-07-09 | 2010-07-27 | Church & Dwight Co., Inc. | Electronic analyte assaying device |
WO2006088904A2 (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2006-08-24 | Ping Gao | Fecal sample test device and methods of use |
US7939342B2 (en) | 2005-03-30 | 2011-05-10 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Diagnostic test kits employing an internal calibration system |
US7803319B2 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2010-09-28 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Metering technique for lateral flow assay devices |
US7858384B2 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2010-12-28 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Flow control technique for assay devices |
US7439079B2 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2008-10-21 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Assay devices having detection capabilities within the hook effect region |
DK1891447T3 (da) * | 2005-05-23 | 2011-10-17 | Phadia Ab | Totrins laterale flowassayfremgangsmåder og -anordninger |
US7829347B2 (en) | 2005-08-31 | 2010-11-09 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Diagnostic test kits with improved detection accuracy |
US8003399B2 (en) | 2005-08-31 | 2011-08-23 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Nitrite detection technique |
US7504235B2 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2009-03-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Enzyme detection technique |
US7279136B2 (en) | 2005-12-13 | 2007-10-09 | Takeuchi James M | Metering technique for lateral flow assay devices |
US7618810B2 (en) | 2005-12-14 | 2009-11-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Metering strip and method for lateral flow assay devices |
US7749773B2 (en) * | 2006-10-11 | 2010-07-06 | Day Alan R | Device for detection of molecules in biological fluids |
US8012761B2 (en) | 2006-12-14 | 2011-09-06 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Detection of formaldehyde in urine samples |
US7935538B2 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2011-05-03 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Indicator immobilization on assay devices |
US7846383B2 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2010-12-07 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Lateral flow assay device and absorbent article containing same |
US8377379B2 (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2013-02-19 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Lateral flow assay device |
WO2008141351A1 (de) * | 2007-05-21 | 2008-11-27 | Erber Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur quantitativen bestimmung von analyten mit einem testelement sowie testsystem und verwendung desselben |
GB2450351B (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2012-01-18 | Cozart Bioscience Ltd | Monitoring an Immunoassay |
WO2009034563A2 (en) | 2007-09-14 | 2009-03-19 | Nanocomms Patents Limited | An analysis system |
GB0811132D0 (en) | 2008-06-18 | 2008-07-23 | Secr Defence | Detection device |
GB0820999D0 (en) | 2008-11-17 | 2008-12-24 | Menon Johansson Anatole S | Pregnancy testing |
DE102009010563A1 (de) | 2009-02-16 | 2010-08-26 | Matthias W. Engel | Vorrichtung zum Nachweis von Analyten in Körperflüssigkeiten |
US20120225496A1 (en) * | 2009-11-17 | 2012-09-06 | Satoru Yoshida | Organic colored microparticles, diagnostic reagent kit containing the same, and in vitro diagnosis method |
BG110608A (bg) * | 2010-03-01 | 2011-09-30 | Zentax Limited | Тестер за бременност |
AU2011236503B2 (en) | 2010-04-07 | 2014-10-30 | Biosensia Patents Limited | Flow control device for assays |
EP2390664B1 (de) | 2010-05-25 | 2013-04-17 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zur elektrochemischen Detektion von Bindungsreaktionen |
US8956859B1 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2015-02-17 | Aviex Technologies Llc | Compositions and methods for determining successful immunization by one or more vaccines |
US8486717B2 (en) | 2011-01-18 | 2013-07-16 | Symbolics, Llc | Lateral flow assays using two dimensional features |
CN103115897B (zh) * | 2011-11-17 | 2017-04-12 | 艾博生物医药(杭州)有限公司 | 一种读取测试载体上测试结果的设备 |
US9651549B2 (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2017-05-16 | Genisphere, Llc | Lateral flow assays using DNA dendrimers |
EP2872885B1 (en) * | 2012-07-16 | 2020-02-12 | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | Direct reading detection kits for surface contamination by antineoplastic drugs |
US9874556B2 (en) | 2012-07-18 | 2018-01-23 | Symbolics, Llc | Lateral flow assays using two dimensional features |
CN105765384B (zh) | 2013-09-13 | 2018-02-09 | Symbolics有限责任公司 | 运用二维试验和对照信号读出模式的侧向层析检测 |
US20170285019A1 (en) * | 2014-10-02 | 2017-10-05 | Sony Corporation | Target substance measurement kit, target substance measurement system, immunochromatography measurement kit, and immunochromatography measurement system |
US10073092B2 (en) | 2016-02-19 | 2018-09-11 | Andrew Wang | Apparatus for assay strip(s) with specimen loading to multiple zones and related methods |
US11029321B2 (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2021-06-08 | MFB Fertility, Inc. | Method of evaluating corpus luteum function by recurrently evaluating progesterone non-serum bodily fluids on multiple days |
US11061026B2 (en) | 2017-02-17 | 2021-07-13 | MFB Fertility, Inc. | System of evaluating corpus luteum function by recurrently evaluating progesterone non-serum bodily fluids on multiple days |
CN111183359A (zh) * | 2017-08-01 | 2020-05-19 | 跨诺维特全球有限公司 | 横流免疫测定装置及其使用方法 |
US11293839B2 (en) | 2018-08-16 | 2022-04-05 | Epitope Biotechnology Co., Ltd. | Device for fecal sample collection and extraction |
AU2019206031A1 (en) | 2019-01-10 | 2020-07-30 | Healgen Scientific Limited | Reading apparatus |
WO2022125710A1 (en) | 2020-12-09 | 2022-06-16 | GHP Solutions, LLC | Methods of detecting papp-a and related methods for gestational age assessment |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5622871A (en) * | 1987-04-27 | 1997-04-22 | Unilever Patent Holdings B.V. | Capillary immunoassay and device therefor comprising mobilizable particulate labelled reagents |
CA1054515A (en) * | 1975-12-17 | 1979-05-15 | Morris L. Givner | Ultrafiltration in pregnancy diagnosis |
US4790640A (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1988-12-13 | Nason Frederic L | Laboratory slide |
ES2184734T3 (es) * | 1987-04-27 | 2003-04-16 | Inverness Medical Switzerland | Dispositivo de prueba analitica para realizar ensayos de union especifica. |
US5006474A (en) * | 1987-12-16 | 1991-04-09 | Disease Detection International Inc. | Bi-directional lateral chromatographic test device |
AU2684488A (en) * | 1988-06-27 | 1990-01-04 | Carter-Wallace, Inc. | Test device and method for colored particle immunoassay |
GB8903627D0 (en) * | 1989-02-17 | 1989-04-05 | Unilever Plc | Assays |
AU7672291A (en) * | 1990-04-09 | 1991-10-30 | Disease Detection International Inc. | Bi-directional lateral chromatographic test methods |
GB9014903D0 (en) * | 1990-07-05 | 1990-08-22 | Unilever Plc | Assays |
GB9217864D0 (en) * | 1992-08-21 | 1992-10-07 | Unilever Plc | Monitoring method |
DE4323672A1 (de) * | 1993-07-15 | 1995-01-19 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur gleichzeitigen Bestimmung von Analyten |
PT653639E (pt) * | 1993-11-12 | 2000-06-30 | Unilever Nv | Equipamentos analiticos e metodos para a sua utilizacao |
JP2810238B2 (ja) * | 1993-11-12 | 1998-10-15 | ユニパス・リミテツド | 検定装置およびその製造 |
GB9419267D0 (en) * | 1994-09-23 | 1994-11-09 | Unilever Plc | Assay devices |
-
1997
- 1997-02-14 GB GB9703094A patent/GB2322192B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-02-03 IE IE980070A patent/IE980070A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-02-10 AU AU55377/98A patent/AU742664B2/en not_active Expired
- 1998-02-10 CA CA002229331A patent/CA2229331C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-10 NL NL1008254A patent/NL1008254C2/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-02-13 IT IT1998TO000115A patent/IT1302059B1/it active IP Right Grant
- 1998-02-13 FR FR9801743A patent/FR2759782B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-13 JP JP10031841A patent/JPH10232189A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-02-13 ES ES009800298A patent/ES2144358B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-02-16 DE DE19806291A patent/DE19806291A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-02-17 US US09/025,108 patent/US6156271A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IE980070A1 (en) | 1998-08-26 |
GB2322192B (en) | 2001-01-31 |
GB9703094D0 (en) | 1997-04-02 |
IT1302059B1 (it) | 2000-07-20 |
ITTO980115A1 (it) | 1999-08-13 |
NL1008254A1 (nl) | 1998-08-18 |
NL1008254C2 (nl) | 1999-03-09 |
GB2322192A (en) | 1998-08-19 |
CA2229331A1 (en) | 1998-08-14 |
JPH10232189A (ja) | 1998-09-02 |
FR2759782A1 (fr) | 1998-08-21 |
AU5537798A (en) | 1998-08-20 |
ES2144358A1 (es) | 2000-06-01 |
AU742664B2 (en) | 2002-01-10 |
DE19806291A1 (de) | 1998-08-20 |
CA2229331C (en) | 2008-01-29 |
FR2759782B1 (fr) | 2001-06-22 |
US6156271A (en) | 2000-12-05 |
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