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ES2096796T3 - Pigmento conductor de la electricidad. - Google Patents

Pigmento conductor de la electricidad.

Info

Publication number
ES2096796T3
ES2096796T3 ES93106225T ES93106225T ES2096796T3 ES 2096796 T3 ES2096796 T3 ES 2096796T3 ES 93106225 T ES93106225 T ES 93106225T ES 93106225 T ES93106225 T ES 93106225T ES 2096796 T3 ES2096796 T3 ES 2096796T3
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
pigment
conductor
electricity
oxides
silicated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
ES93106225T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Johann Dr Dietz
Klaus Dr Franz
Gerhard Dr Pfaff
Reiner Dr Vogt
Katsuhisa Nitta
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merck Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
Merck Patent GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE4213747A external-priority patent/DE4213747A1/de
Priority claimed from DE4243163A external-priority patent/DE4243163A1/de
Application filed by Merck Patent GmbH filed Critical Merck Patent GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2096796T3 publication Critical patent/ES2096796T3/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
    • C09C3/06—Treatment with inorganic compounds
    • C09C3/063—Coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/0015—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/28—Compounds of silicon
    • C09C1/30—Silicic acid
    • C09C1/3045—Treatment with inorganic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/36—Compounds of titanium
    • C09C1/3607—Titanium dioxide
    • C09C1/3653—Treatment with inorganic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/40—Compounds of aluminium
    • C09C1/405—Compounds of aluminium containing combined silica, e.g. mica
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
    • C09C3/06—Treatment with inorganic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/02—Printing inks
    • C09D11/03—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
    • C09D11/037—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder characterised by the pigment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/24—Electrically-conducting paints
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
    • C09D7/62—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic modified by treatment with other compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
    • C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/20—Particle morphology extending in two dimensions, e.g. plate-like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/54—Particles characterised by their aspect ratio, i.e. the ratio of sizes in the longest to the shortest dimension
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/40—Electric properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
    • C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
    • C08K9/02—Ingredients treated with inorganic substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
    • C09C2200/40—Interference pigments comprising an outermost surface coating
    • C09C2200/401—Inorganic protective coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2220/00—Methods of preparing the interference pigments
    • C09C2220/10—Wet methods, e.g. co-precipitation
    • C09C2220/106—Wet methods, e.g. co-precipitation comprising only a drying or calcination step of the finally coated pigment

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)

Abstract

PROCEDIMIENTO PARA PRODUCIR UN PIGMENTO CLARO CAPAZ DE CONDUCIR LA ELECTRICIDAD A BASE DE SUSTRATOS QUE CONSISTEN EN UNO O VARIOS METALES, OXIDOS METALICOS O MATERIALES SILICATADOS Y PRESENTAN UNA CAPA EXTERIOR SITUADA POR ENCIMA DE UNA O VARIAS CAPAS DE OXIDOS DE SILICIO Y OXIDOS METALICOS QUE ESTA BASADA EN OXIDO DE TITANIO Y/O DE ESTAÑO DOSIFICADO CON HALOGENO.
ES93106225T 1992-04-25 1993-04-16 Pigmento conductor de la electricidad. Expired - Lifetime ES2096796T3 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4213747A DE4213747A1 (de) 1992-04-25 1992-04-25 Elektrisch leitfähige Pigmente
DE4243163A DE4243163A1 (de) 1992-12-19 1992-12-19 Helles, leitfähiges Pigment

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ES2096796T3 true ES2096796T3 (es) 1997-03-16

Family

ID=25914256

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ES93106225T Expired - Lifetime ES2096796T3 (es) 1992-04-25 1993-04-16 Pigmento conductor de la electricidad.

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US5350448A (es)
EP (1) EP0567868B1 (es)
JP (1) JPH0625553A (es)
KR (1) KR100266106B1 (es)
CN (1) CN1058279C (es)
CZ (1) CZ71793A3 (es)
DE (1) DE59304334D1 (es)
ES (1) ES2096796T3 (es)
FI (1) FI104833B (es)
TW (1) TW297040B (es)

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US6521688B1 (en) * 1994-05-05 2003-02-18 Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Laser-markable plastics
DE4415802A1 (de) * 1994-05-05 1995-11-09 Merck Patent Gmbh Lasermarkierbare Kunststoffe
JPH0855181A (ja) * 1994-08-10 1996-02-27 Kansai Paint Co Ltd インビジブルマーキングの読取り法
DE4435301A1 (de) 1994-10-01 1996-04-04 Merck Patent Gmbh Leitfähige Pigmente
US5597515A (en) * 1995-09-27 1997-01-28 Kerr-Mcgee Corporation Conductive, powdered fluorine-doped titanium dioxide and method of preparation
US5736228A (en) * 1995-10-25 1998-04-07 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Direct print film and method for preparing same
US6132873A (en) * 1996-09-21 2000-10-17 Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Multilayered interference pigments
DE19647539A1 (de) * 1996-11-16 1998-05-20 Merck Patent Gmbh Leitfähige Pigmente
JP3337622B2 (ja) 1997-07-16 2002-10-21 松下電器産業株式会社 選択的エッチング液及びそのエッチング液を用いた半導体装置の製造方法
EP1027390A1 (de) * 1997-10-31 2000-08-16 Dynamit Nobel Kunststoff GmbH Elektrisch leitfähige decklacke
EP0944097B1 (de) 1998-03-18 2003-10-15 MERCK PATENT GmbH Leitfähige Pigmente
US6114079A (en) * 1998-04-01 2000-09-05 Eastman Kodak Company Electrically-conductive layer for imaging element containing composite metal-containing particles
DE19817286A1 (de) * 1998-04-18 1999-10-21 Merck Patent Gmbh Mehrschichtiges Perlglanzpigment auf Basis eines opaken Substrates
US6395149B1 (en) 1998-06-30 2002-05-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of making light colored, electrically conductive coated particles
US6143405A (en) * 1998-06-30 2000-11-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Light colored, electrically conductive coated particles and composites made therefrom
US6190846B1 (en) 1998-10-15 2001-02-20 Eastman Kodak Company Abrasion resistant antistatic with electrically conducting polymer for imaging element
US6124083A (en) * 1998-10-15 2000-09-26 Eastman Kodak Company Antistatic layer with electrically conducting polymer for imaging element
US6025119A (en) * 1998-12-18 2000-02-15 Eastman Kodak Company Antistatic layer for imaging element
CN1257896A (zh) * 1998-12-23 2000-06-28 默克专利股份有限公司 颜料混合物
US6369147B1 (en) * 1999-01-25 2002-04-09 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation Color effect pigments and method of forming the same
US6187522B1 (en) 1999-03-25 2001-02-13 Eastman Kodak Company Scratch resistant antistatic layer for imaging elements
US6077655A (en) * 1999-03-25 2000-06-20 Eastman Kodak Company Antistatic layer for imaging element containing electrically conductive polymer and modified gelatin
CN1239632C (zh) 2000-02-16 2006-02-01 西柏控股有限公司 具有与视角相关的色移颜料,所述颜料的生产方法,所述颜料在安全应用中的使用,含有所述颜料的涂料组合物
DE10051872C2 (de) 2000-10-19 2002-11-21 Merck Patent Gmbh Elektrisch leitfähige Pigmente und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
US7163746B2 (en) 2002-06-12 2007-01-16 Eastman Kodak Company Conductive polymers on acicular substrates
US7906178B2 (en) * 2002-06-28 2011-03-15 Merck Patent Gmbh Hardening and drying of lacquer systems and printing colors
ATE397531T1 (de) * 2004-03-04 2008-06-15 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Durch farbmittel transparent, transluzent oder gedeckt eingefärbte laserschweissbare kunststoffmaterialien
DE102004010504B4 (de) * 2004-03-04 2006-05-04 Degussa Ag Hochtransparente lasermarkierbare und laserschweißbare Kunststoffmaterialien, deren Verwendung und Herstellung sowie Verwendung von Metallmischoxiden und Verfahren zur Kennzeichnung von Produktionsgütern
JP5584382B2 (ja) * 2004-05-17 2014-09-03 メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング 透明導電性顔料
US7704586B2 (en) * 2005-03-09 2010-04-27 Degussa Ag Plastic molded bodies having two-dimensional and three-dimensional image structures produced through laser subsurface engraving
US20060210798A1 (en) * 2005-03-16 2006-09-21 Clemens Burda Doped metal oxide nanoparticles and methods for making and using same
DE102005061684A1 (de) * 2005-12-21 2007-06-28 Eckart Gmbh & Co. Kg Weißes, IR-Strahlung reflektierendes Pigment, dessen Herstellung und Verwendung
DE102007021199B4 (de) * 2006-07-17 2016-02-11 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Zusammensetzungen aus organischem Polymer als Matrix und anorganischen Partikeln als Füllstoff, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung und damit hergestellte Formkörper
JP5131451B2 (ja) 2007-11-06 2013-01-30 ブラザー工業株式会社 インクジェット記録用インクセット、インクジェット記録方法及びインクジェット記録装置
JP5168463B2 (ja) * 2007-11-06 2013-03-21 ブラザー工業株式会社 水系インクジェット記録用赤外吸収インク、インクジェット記録方法及びインクジェット記録装置
US8298653B2 (en) 2008-09-17 2012-10-30 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Recording medium
JP5650658B2 (ja) * 2008-12-16 2015-01-07 ゾルファイ フルーオル ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングＳｏｌｖａｙ Ｆｌｕｏｒ ＧｍｂＨ 保護被膜を含有する金属部品
CN102040878B (zh) * 2010-10-19 2013-05-01 浙江大学 红外反射性骨料及其制备方法
WO2012124499A1 (ja) * 2011-03-16 2012-09-20 三井金属鉱業株式会社 塩素ドープ酸化スズ粒子及びその製造方法
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JP3346584B2 (ja) * 1991-03-29 2002-11-18 三井金属鉱業株式会社 繊維状導電性フィラー及びその製造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0567868A1 (de) 1993-11-03
CZ71793A3 (en) 1993-12-15
CN1077729A (zh) 1993-10-27
FI931842A0 (fi) 1993-04-23
FI104833B (fi) 2000-04-14
EP0567868B1 (de) 1996-10-30
DE59304334D1 (de) 1996-12-05
TW297040B (es) 1997-02-01
JPH0625553A (ja) 1994-02-01
KR100266106B1 (ko) 2000-09-15
FI931842A (fi) 1993-10-26
US5350448A (en) 1994-09-27
CN1058279C (zh) 2000-11-08

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