EP4377528A1

EP4377528A1 - Double-skin façade element

Info

Publication number: EP4377528A1
Application number: EP22757276.5A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Michael Lange
Original assignee: Prof Michael Lange Ingenieurgesellschaft Mbh
Current assignee: Prof Michael Lange Ingenieurgesellschaft Mbh
Priority date: 2021-07-27
Filing date: 2022-07-26
Publication date: 2024-06-05
Also published as: US20240271425A1; CA3227536A1; WO2023006723A1; DE202021103997U1

Abstract

The invention relates to a double-skin façade element comprising: a planar outer glazing element (2) and a planar inner glazing element (4) which are held at a distance from one another in a thermally insulated enclosure frame profile (6, 7); at least one pressure compensation device (80, 13, 35; 41) which is connected, in an air-conducting manner, to the outer atmosphere and to a façade intermediate space (3) which is provided between the outer glazing element (2) and the inner glazing element (4); at least one drying device (80, 19, 13) which can be filled with desiccant (14), is either located in the façade intermediate space (3) or is integrated in the enclosure frame profile (6, 7), and exchanges air with the façade intermediate space (3); wherein the at least one pressure compensation device (80, 13, 35; 41) and the at least one drying device (80, 19, 13) are positioned and dimensioned in such a way that they do not extend into a transparent region of the façade element (1). The at least one drying device is designed to make it possible to replace the dessicant.

Description

247 325 v5

Two-shell facade element

field of invention

The invention relates to a two-shell facade element comprising a flat outer glazing element and a flat inner glazing element, which are held at a distance from one another in a heat-insulated enclosing frame profile.

State of the art

In facade construction, double-shell facade systems are often used, in which the space between the facades is often rear-ventilated. However, this measure reduces the thermal insulation, so that double-shell facades are increasingly being designed with an essentially closed air cushion. This design is referred to as a CCF facade (closed cavity facade) and has several advantages. In this way, the soundproofing is improved in comparison to double-leaf, air-flow façade elements. Furthermore, there is no entry of dirt. Finally, there is improved thermal insulation due to the insulating air cushion in the facade cavity between the outer and inner filling elements of the double-shell facade. However, there can be pressure differences, for example due to temperature fluctuations, so that suitable measures are required to create pressure equalization. There is also a possible risk of condensation water in the cavity between the facades. Condensation forms when the air in the cavity between the facades falls below the dew point.

DE 102013 202719 A1 describes a CCF facade with single glazing on the outside and heat-insulating glazing on the inside. Sun protection is provided in the pressure-relieved cavity between the facades. To reduce the risk of condensation, adsorbents can be placed in the space between the facades. The adsorbents can be regenerated by heating, either solar radiation or an electric heater can be used.

The two-shell glass facade element according to EP 1970525 A2 also has sun protection in the space between the facades and a device for at least partial dehumidification of the space between the facades. Presentation of the invention

The object of the invention is to propose a facade element for a facade construction which does not require any external technology and which, with high energy efficiency, can ensure both pressure equalization in the system and avoidance of condensation in the system over an extended period of time.

This problem is solved by a two-shell facade element with the features of one of claims 1, 9, 14 or 15. Preferred embodiments follow from the remaining claims.

The two-shell façade element according to a first aspect of the invention comprises a flat outer glazing element and a flat inner glazing element, which are held at a distance from one another in a heat-insulated enclosing frame profile, at least one pressure equalization device which is in air-conducting connection to the outside atmosphere and to a façade cavity between the outer glazing element and the Interior glazing element is provided, and at least one drying device that can be filled with drying agent, which is integrated either in the cavity between the facades or in the surrounding frame profile and is in air exchange with the cavity between the facades. Furthermore, at least one capillary element is provided, which is part of the enclosing frame profile and is preferably formed in part by a section of the enclosing frame profile. The pressure equalization device and the drying device are arranged and dimensioned in such a way that they do not extend into a transparent area of the planar outer glazing element and the planar inner glazing element, i.e. they are not located in a transparent area of the planar outer glazing element and the planar inner glazing element. The at least one drying device is designed to enable the desiccant to be exchanged and preferably comprises an exchange opening which is designed to enable the desiccant to be exchanged towards the room side.

The room side refers to the installation position of the facade element and is located on the side of the interior glazing facing away from the space between the facades.

The transparent area of the outer glazing element and the inner glazing element is understood to mean that area within which an observer can look in a direction perpendicular to the main planes of the Outer glazing element and inner glazing element can see through them, because in this area both the outer glazing element and inner glazing element are not covered by other components such as sealing strips. The dimensioning and arrangement of the pressure compensation device and drying device according to the invention therefore has the advantage that these are fully integrated into the area of the enclosing frame profile and are therefore completely concealed from an outside observer.

The exchange of air between the drying device and the space between the facades can take place either by the pressure compensation device interacting with the drying device and thus the drying device and the pressure compensation device being integrated into the air-conducting connection between the outside atmosphere and the facade space, or by parallel to the air-conducting connection between the outside atmosphere and the space between the facades, there is a direct exchange of air between the space between the facades and the drying device.

“Part of the enclosing frame profile” is to be understood here as meaning that the capillary element already forms a preassembled structural unit with the enclosing frame profile and no longer has to be assembled separately when a facade is produced.

A capillary element is characterized in that it has an internal cavity whose cross-sectional dimensions are significantly smaller than its length. The inner cavity does not have to have a cross section that is constant over its length, nor does it have to have a linear longitudinal extent. The capillary element serves to equalize the pressure.

The facade element according to the invention includes all essential properties in a system-inherent way. No external engineering is required to equalize the pressure in the system. The pressure equalization in the system can be designed to dampen the entry of moisture, be watertight, dustproof and/or dampen the pressure amplitude. In addition, the provision of the pressure equalization device and the drying device prevents condensation in the system. The pressure compensation device can be fully integrated in the enclosing frame profile, so that no visible overhangs or air ducts are required outside of the facade element. In addition, the double-leaf façade element has a high level of energy efficiency both in winter and in summer. In winter, the very good thermal insulation comes into play and in summer, material temperatures can be reduced not more than 80°C in the space between the facades, so that no fogging occurs when using materials with potentially volatile components. In this way, a contribution can be made to complying with the comfort criteria in summer. Compliance with the comfort criteria also depends on the degree of energy transmission between the cavity in the facade and the interior of the room and is particularly influenced by the flat interior glazing element and the thermal separation of the enclosing frame profile. A sun protection system that is optionally provided in the space between the facades also makes a further contribution to compliance with the room-side comfort criteria.

According to a preferred embodiment, the at least one capillary element can comprise a membrane with a capillary tube, the capillary tube having a length of at most 60 mm and preferably at most 20 mm, and particularly preferably at most 10 mm, and an inner diameter of at most 1.5 mm and preferably at most 1.0mm owns. Such a so-called short capillary tube is sold, for example, by the company Swisspacer. The way it works is described in WO2019/110409 A1. A short capillary tube is preferably arranged in the area of the pressure relief openings. A short capillary tube can either interact with the drying device or be provided without interacting with the drying device.

Alternatively, according to a preferred embodiment, the at least one capillary element can comprise a capillary tube which has a length of at least 200 mm and optionally has a membrane or a filter or a sieve at the opening of the capillary tube to the outside climate. A capillary tube with the stated dimensions is referred to below as a long capillary tube. A long capillary tube can be provided as a separate component and can be made of glass or metal, preferably aluminum or hard or flexible plastic.

If long capillary tubes are provided, they have a clear cross-section of less than 1 mm 2 , preferably less than 2 mm 2 , more preferably less than 4 mm 2 , and most preferably less than 8 mm 2 . The length of the capillary tube and the clear cross section of the capillary tube are matched to one another. An increasing capillary tube length allows an increasing clear cross-section. The shape of the clear cross section can be chosen arbitrarily. However, this is preferably circular, semicircular, square, rectangular, triangular, diamond-shaped or elliptical.

The wall thickness of a long capillary tube provided as a separate component is between 0.5 mm and 5 mm and is preferably at most 2 mm.

If a long capillary tube is used, a membrane or a filter can be provided in the area of the pressure relief opening. Depending on the orientation, the length of a long capillary tube can be selected up to the width, height or circumference of the facade element. Basically, in the case of a pressure compensation device with a long capillary tube, the inlet opening of the capillary tube is connected to the outside atmosphere. The outlet opening of the capillary tube is connected to the space between the facades either without cooperation with the drying device or with cooperation with the drying device. The inlet opening can be arranged on the surrounding frame, both in the area of a main frame profile and a sub-frame profile towards the expansion joint and is advantageously arranged in such a way that it is protected against the ingress of water.

The design of a long capillary tube depends on the location of the building and the weather data prevailing there in the form of the outside temperature, the air pressure, the relative humidity and the intensity of the solar radiation, which can be generated hourly for a defined location worldwide using the Meteonorm software. The temperature in the space between the panes depends on the structure of the panes, the degree of energy absorption of the individual panes, the use of sun protection, the intensity of the solar radiation, and the air temperatures outside and inside the building and can be calculated for each hour based on EN 16612:2019, Annex C be calculated from the weather data. A capillary tube represents a flow resistance to the air flowing in or out, which is included in the calculation model via the capillary inner diameter and the capillary length. Using the calculation model, the moisture transport is determined via the volume flow through the capillary tube. The volume flow through the capillary tube is assumed to be directly proportional to the prevailing pressure difference.

About the volume flow through each capillary tube of a facade element according to the invention as a function of the hourly weather data can have a Within a defined period of time, eg one year, the amount of water vapor that penetrates from the outside atmosphere via the capillary tubes into the cavity between the facades and is adsorbed by the desiccant can be estimated.

According to a preferred embodiment, the capillary element comprises a capillary tube which is fully integrated in the enclosing frame profile of the facade element, preferably clipped into the enclosing frame profile.

According to an alternative preferred embodiment, the drying device comprises a desiccant container, and the at least one

Capillary element includes a capillary tube that is integrated into the desiccant canister.

According to an alternative preferred embodiment, the drying device comprises a desiccant container, and the at least one capillary element comprises a capillary tube which is formed from a groove in the desiccant container and a wall of the enclosing frame profile.

Another preferred embodiment of the double-shell facade element is characterized in that the capillary element comprises a groove in the surrounding frame profile and a plastic end profile, with a cavity being formed between the end profile and at least one inner wall of the groove. The groove can be provided in the sub-frame profile or in the main frame profile in partial areas or in the entire circumference of the respective frame profile.

The end profile consists of a thermoplastic material or an elastomer with increased vapor tightness. Preferred materials are EPDM, butyl, polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride.

Alternatively, open-cell foam bodies can be provided as a valve and sieve in cooperation with the desiccant in the area of the drying device.

A further alternative design of the at least one pressure compensation device is that it is integrated as a capillary tube in the main frame profile in partial areas or in the entire circumference of the main frame profile. A further alternative design of the at least one pressure compensation device is as a capillary tube which is integrated in the sub-frame profile of the facade element in partial areas or in the entire circumference of the sub-frame profile.

The at least one pressure compensation device preferably comprises an elastic profile with at least one opening, which forms part of an air-conducting connection path between the cavity in the facade and the outside atmosphere.

Finally, when a capillary tube is provided, it is possible to design the opening to the outside climate to be high, i.e. with the inlet opening to the outside climate at the top in a vertical frame part of the enclosing frame profile.

When a short capillary tube is provided, plastic or metal can be used as the material of the capillary tube. Aluminum is preferred. If a long capillary tube is provided, it can be made of glass, metal, preferably aluminum, or plastic, preferably an elastomer such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride or ethylene-propylene copolymer.

According to a second aspect of the invention, the two-shell facade element comprises a flat exterior glazing element and a flat interior glazing element, which are held at a distance from one another in a heat-insulated enclosing frame profile; at least one pressure compensation device which is in air-conducting connection to the outside atmosphere and to a facade cavity provided between the outer glazing element and the inner glazing element; and at least one drying device that can be filled with desiccant, which is either arranged in the space between the facades or is integrated in the enclosing frame profile and has an air-conducting connection to the space between the facades, the two-shell facade element also comprising means for reducing vapor diffusion, the means for reducing vapor diffusion comprising wet glazing and /or include at least one insulating web for thermal separation in the thermally insulated enclosing frame profile made of a plastic with high vapor tightness and/or with a coating material with high vapor tightness. The pressure equalization device and the drying device are arranged and dimensioned in such a way that they do not extend into a transparent area of the planar outer glazing element and the planar inner glazing element. The drying device is designed to enable the desiccant to be replaced allow and preferably includes an exchange port designed to allow exchange of the desiccant towards the room side.

Examples of an insulating bar with a coating material with high vapour-tightness are the application of a vapour-tight or highly vapor-barrier film made of thin stainless steel on the insulating bar made of plastic or the application of a metal-coated plastic film or butyl film on the insulating bar made of plastic or the provision of an insulating bar made of metal-coated Plastic.

When providing an insulating bar made of a plastic with high vapor tightness, polyvinylidene fluoride can advantageously be used as the material for the insulating bar.

The at least one pressure equalization device can also comprise a capillary element in the case of a two-shell facade element according to the second aspect.

Likewise, in a two-shell facade element according to the second aspect, an opening in one of the at least one pressure compensation device can be flow-connected to a second opening in a cavity that can be filled with desiccant in one of the at least one drying device.

Preferably, the drying device comprises a desiccant container that can be filled with desiccant and that can be detachably fastened to the frame profile.

According to a third aspect of the invention, the two-shell facade element comprises a flat exterior glazing element and a flat interior glazing element, which are held at a distance from one another in a heat-insulated enclosing frame profile; at least one pressure equalization device which is in air-conducting connection to the outside atmosphere and to a facade cavity provided between the outer glazing element and the inner glazing element, and an air guiding device; wherein the pressure loss of the airflow during pressure equalization can be determined and preferably adjusted by the length and/or the cross-sectional dimensions of the airflow device and/or the number of deflections of an airflow flowing through the airflow device; at least one drying device that can be filled with a desiccant bulk and is integrated in the enclosing frame profile, the at least one drying device comprising at least one first opening in the air-conducting there is a connection to the space between the facades; the at least one

The pressure equalization device and the at least one drying device are arranged and dimensioned in such a way that they do not extend into a transparent area of the facade element, and the drying device is designed to enable the desiccant to be exchanged and preferably includes an exchange opening which is designed to enable the exchange of the desiccant towards the room side.

In this alternative design, too, no external technology is required to equalize the pressure in the system. The pressure equalization in the system can be designed to dampen the entry of moisture, be watertight, dustproof and/or dampen the pressure amplitude. In addition, the provision of the pressure equalization device and the drying device prevents condensation in the system. The pressure compensation device can be fully integrated in the enclosing frame profile, so that no visible overhangs or air ducts are required outside of the facade element.

In this alternative design of the facade element according to the invention, the use of a separately provided capillary tube is dispensed with and instead the air flow producing the pressure equalization is guided through an air duct device, via the geometry of which the pressure loss occurring as a flow loss of the air flowing in or out can be determined.

According to a fourth aspect of the invention, the two-shell facade element comprises a flat exterior glazing element and a flat interior glazing element, which are held at a distance from one another in a heat-insulated enclosing frame profile; at least one pressure equalization device, which includes an air-guiding device and is in air-conducting connection to the outside atmosphere and to an intermediate space in the facade, which is provided between the outer glazing element and the inner glazing element; and at least one drying device that can be filled with a desiccant bed and is integrated in the enclosing frame profile, wherein the at least one drying device comprises at least one first opening, which is in air-conducting connection to the cavity in the facade, and at least one second opening, which is in air-conducting connection to the air-ducting device; the pressure loss of the air flow during pressure equalization can be determined by the pressure loss when flowing through the at least one drying device and the at least one air guiding device and is preferably adjustable; the at least one pressure compensation device and the at least one drying device are arranged and dimensioned in such a way that they do not extend into a transparent area of the facade element; and the at least one desiccant is configured to allow replacement of the desiccant, and preferably includes a replacement port configured to allow replacement of the desiccant towards the room side.

In this alternative design of the facade element according to the invention, the use of a separately provided capillary tube is dispensed with and instead the air flow producing the pressure equalization is passed through the drying device and the path of the air flow through the desiccant bed is selected so that on the one hand the pressure loss is not too high, to prevent an exchange of air in the event of pressure differences, but on the other hand the air flow during pressure equalization flows through the desiccant bed over as long a distance as possible in order to load the desiccant as evenly as possible and thus increase the service life until the desiccant needs to be replaced. An air-conducting connection is either a direct connection or an indirect connection. In the case of a direct connection, for example, the first opening opens directly into the cavity between the facades and/or the second opening connects the interior of the drying device to the air-guiding device. In the case of an indirect connection, further elements can be interposed, such as a filter.

Since the costs for capillary tubes increase the manufacturing costs of double-skin facade elements and additional costs are incurred for the maintenance and repair of capillary tubes, facade elements without the use of capillary tubes represent a considerable simplification and improvement, but with an increased flow through the desiccant the loading speed of the desiccant increases and for a given mass of desiccant, the time interval between replacing the moisture-laden desiccant decreases. Therefore, in this case, additional measures are useful to reduce the entry of moisture.

Desiccant consumption can preferably be determined as a function of a location of the facade element integrated into a facade, the type of desiccant and design features of the facade element.

Essential in a design of the double-shell facade element without a capillary tube is, however, that a sufficient amount of desiccant is provided at a preselected exchange time of the desiccant prevents condensation in the cavity between the facades, which is only possible if the desiccant is exchanged at the latest when it is completely filled with water at a given location and the climatic conditions prevailing there.

The calculation of the required amount of desiccant is therefore preferably carried out depending on the location of the building in which the double-shell facade element according to the invention is to be installed, and the orientation of the facade, which has a significant influence on the solar radiation. The weather data prevailing at a location worldwide can be generated hourly with the help of the software Meteonorm. The weather data includes the outside temperature, the air pressure, the relative humidity and the intensity of the solar radiation. The temperature in the space between the panes depends on the pane structure and the degree of energetic absorption of the individual panes; the use of sun protection, the solar radiation and the air temperatures inside and outside the building and can be calculated based on EN 166612:2019, Annex C for every hour of the year from the weather data.

In this way, over a defined period of time, e.g. over a year, the amount of water vapor that flows with the volume flow of air that flows from the outside atmosphere into the cavity between the facades during pressure equalization can be estimated. This amount of water vapor must be adsorbed by the desiccant. If the desiccant is to be replaced every 10 years, for example, a sufficient amount of desiccant must be provided so that the amount of water vapor transported with the air flow during pressure equalization in the facade space can be adsorbed in the desiccant over a period of 10 years until it can be exchanged for regenerated or fresh, unloaded desiccant is replaced. The maximum amount of water vapor that can be held by a given desiccant, e.g., a given zeolite material, per unit mass is known for individual desiccants. A suitable calculation model was developed by ift Rosenheim.

Once the calculations described above have been carried out for a specific location, the required amount of desiccant can simply be derived from the existing calculations for different structures of the double-shell façade element, for example with a smaller volume of the façade cavity with modified dimensions of the façade element, because the flowing into the cavity between the facades during pressure equalization air flow and thus also the water vapor to be absorbed by the desiccant is proportional to the volume of the cavity between the facades.

Alternatively, a standard facade element can be provided and the resulting desiccant replacement time can be adjusted using the above calculation depending on the location and orientation of the destination of the double skin facade element.

If the pressure balance becomes too low, it may be necessary to limit the pressure drop/flow resistance. When the air is routed through the desiccant filling, this necessarily means that the path through the desiccant filling has to be shortened. In addition to the embodiments already described with at least one second opening in the desiccant container halfway up, it may also be necessary to limit the path through the desiccant by reducing the fill level of the desiccant filling. This then has the desired effect of lower pressure losses/lower flow losses, but at the same time the effect of larger amounts of weather-related air - and thus larger amounts of moisture - and thus larger desiccant consumption. This is acceptable as long as the intentionally reduced supply of desiccant has a reasonable service life until the supply of desiccant is completely full and a specified exchange interval for the supply of desiccant can therefore be observed. Reducing the path through the desiccant by reducing the fill level of the desiccant consequently triggers two effects. The basis of this optimization task is again the measurement of the lumen flow through the desiccant as a function of the applied pressure and thus also the pressure loss. This data is then converted into weather-dependent values for desiccant consumption as described above.

According to a preferred embodiment, the air guiding device comprises deflection elements, by means of which a tortuous flow path of the air can be generated through the air guiding device. A flow path with several deflections for changing the direction of the air flowing through serves on the one hand to increase the pressure loss, on the other hand the deflections can also serve as an inertial separator for dust carried in the air flow, which in this way does not get into the cavity between the facades. The advantage of this measure lies in the fact that the installation of filters, sieves or membranes in the flow path of the air flow can be dispensed with.

The at least one drying device is preferably integrated in cavities in the elements of the surrounding frame profile which are arranged vertically in the installed position. In this way, the available installation space is used in an optimal manner and it is ensured that the drying device is not visible even when viewed from a direction that deviates from a direction perpendicular to the main plane of the glass elements.

In addition, according to a preferred embodiment, the at least one drying device can be integrated both in cavities of the elements of the enclosing frame profile that are arranged vertically in the installed position and in cavities of the elements of the enclosing frame profile that are arranged horizontally in the installed position.

In the designs according to the third aspect and the fourth aspect of the invention, the double-shell facade element can also further comprise means for reducing vapor diffusion, the means for reducing vapor diffusion comprising wet glazing and/or at least one insulating web for thermal separation in the thermally insulated enclosing frame profile made of a Plastic with high vapour-tightness and/or with a coating material with high vapour-tightness.

In all alternative configurations of the two-shell facade element according to the invention, a cover can advantageously be provided which can be fastened to the enclosing frame profile and is preferably screwed or clipped onto the sub-frame profile.

This cover, which can be fastened to the enclosing frame profile, preferably consists of a plastic with the ability to adsorb water. In this way, part of the water vapor entrained when air flows in from the outside atmosphere into the space between the facades is adsorbed in the plastic material of the cover and desorbed again from the material of the cover when dried air flows out of the space between the facades and into the outside atmosphere. This reduces the entry of moisture into the cavity between the facades, which increases the service life of the desiccant.

All alternative solutions according to the invention ensure the avoidance of condensation in the system over an extended period of time. The provision of means of reduction of vapor diffusion also delays the entry of water vapor into the facade cavity as does the provision of a capillary element which can be part of the pressure equalization device and at the same time has the function of reducing the entry of water vapor into the facade cavity. Both measures, which can be implemented individually or in combination with each other, extend the period until the adsorbents in the drying device are exhausted, since the adsorbents can bind a defined amount of water before they have to be replaced and regenerated either under reduced pressure or increased temperature .

The self-sufficient, pressure-relieved facade element according to the invention is a two-shell facade element, which is preferably constructed as a partial element of a unitized facade. The basic concept is to combine a two-layer facade element with a pressure equalization device and a drying device.

The pressure compensation devices preferably have at least one of the following properties: vapor diffusion-retarding, waterproof, dust-tight and pressure-amplitude-dampening. In order to be able to achieve these properties individually or in combination, various configurations are possible.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the enclosing frame profile comprises a main frame profile and a sub-frame profile, the main frame profile and the sub-frame profile being detachably connected to one another via connecting means, and the sub-frame profile holding the outer glazing element. In this way, the two-shell façade element can be opened in the assembled state, including the at least one pressure equalization device and the at least one drying device that can be filled with desiccant, in order to be able to assemble the sun protection, for example.

The seal between the main frame profile and the sub-frame profile should preferably be vapor-tight. “vapour-tight” is to be understood as meaning that the sealing material has only negligibly low vapor permeability. An example of a suitable material is thermoplastic butyl.

The at least one pressure compensation device is preferably arranged in the main frame profile or in the sub-frame profile. Preferably, the two-shell facade element comprises at least one sun protection device in the facade cavity between the outer glazing element and the inner glazing element. The sun protection device is preferably designed to be adaptive.

The provision of a sun protection device serves to increase comfort in summer, but also in winter when the sun is low in the sky. In addition, the thermal insulation can be influenced by influencing the proportion of radiation and convection.

According to a preferred embodiment, the inner glazing element comprises either multi-pane insulating glass, preferably with two or three glass panes, or vacuum insulating glass. The interior of the multiple pane insulating glass preferably has U-values of 0.5 to 1.4 W/lm^K). Alternatively, vacuum insulating glass with U-values of 0.7 W/fm^K and less can be provided. The thermal insulation of the surrounding frame profile is located in the area of the thermally insulated interior glazing. In terms of building physics, it is important that the enclosing frame in the area of the external glazing is not thermally insulated, as otherwise there would be more condensation problems on position 2 of the external glazing.

Furthermore, the outer glazing element is preferably provided as monoglass, preferably as laminated glass or laminated safety glass, and preferably comprises at least one functional layer, particularly preferably a wavelength-selective coating.

As an alternative or in addition, further functional layers can also be provided, such as sun and/or heat protection layers. An L-E layer or a switchable layer can be mentioned as examples of a wavelength-selective coating. It is particularly advantageous to provide sun and/or heat protection layers on the surfaces known in the art as positions 1 and/or 2. If functional layers are provided on position 1 or 2, these can be applied over the entire surface or in partial surfaces. In the same way, however, it is also possible to provide double insulating glass on the outside and, if necessary, also to provide it with functional layers, in particular sun and/or heat protection layers.

The double-shell glass construction has a comprehensive, thermally insulated metal frame profile. The enclosing frame profile is preferably made of aluminum, which can particularly preferably be provided with hollow chambers. The Enclosing frame profile should be largely vapour-tight. Various measures are possible individually or in combination, in particular measures on the insulation webs. The insulating webs are preferably provided circumferentially with a vapour-tight or highly vapour-retarding film applied to them, which is also guided around the mitered corners of the surrounding frame profile to improve the vapor-tightness of the entire enclosing frame profile in order to seal the mitered corner bonding at the same time. The area where the glazing is integrated can be sealed by sealing with suitable sealants.

An air-conducting connection path, which preferably includes a filter element, is preferably provided between the at least one pressure equalization device and the space between the facades.

Preferably, an aperture is in one of the at least one

Pressure compensation device in flow connection with a second opening in a cavity that can be filled with drying agent in one of the at least one drying device.

Preferably, the drying device comprises a cavity that can be filled with desiccant, which is an integral part of the enclosing frame profile and has an exchange opening that is designed to enable exchange of the desiccant.

Preferably, the pressure compensation device includes a cavity that includes an opening in the space between the facades, and the cavity is filled with desiccant.

The at least one pressure compensation device preferably comprises an elastic profile with at least one opening, which is arranged in an air-conducting connection path between the cavity in the facade and the outside atmosphere.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the two-shell facade element comprises an opaque inner element and an outer element, which are kept at a distance from one another. The outer element can also be opaque. According to a preferred embodiment, however, the outer element is transparent. According to an advantageous embodiment, the opaque inner element and the transparent outer element can be held in a further enclosing frame profile. This embodiment represents a so-called "ShadowBox".

The optionally provided, opaque elements are preferably arranged in the parapet area and can be designed as glass elements or as panel or sheet metal elements. If the transparent elements are provided as a glass element, this can be configured as monoglass, laminated glass, laminated safety glass or double multiple insulating glass and either coated on the outside or inside or colored in the body in order to produce the desired properties. If a panel or sheet metal element is provided, thermal insulation is preferably provided on the inside.

When a room-side panel is provided, the transparent area and opaque area can be arranged in the perimeter frame profile. Alternatively, however, two separate enclosing frame profiles can also be provided, with the enclosing frame profile being provided for the transparent area and a further enclosing frame profile being provided for the opaque area. The thermal insulation of the further enclosing frame profile is preferably located in the area of the glass panes or the panel. When sheet metal elements are provided, thermal insulation on the inside is preferred.

All components are preferably accessible and in this way can be maintained, repaired and also replaced. This also applies to an optionally provided sun protection. However, it is also particularly preferred to design the facade elements in such a way that the pressure equalization device and the glass panes are accessible and thus exchangeable in the same way.

The pressure equalization device with moisture ingress limitation can be designed as required and thus adapted to local climate conditions such as solar radiation, outside air temperature and wind loads.

The purpose of the drying device is to provide additional security to the pressure equalization device that limits the entry of moisture. The intended volume of desiccant is based on the adsorption capacity of the desiccant, ie the maximum amount of water vapor that can be absorbed per unit volume of desiccant. In addition, however, the desiccant volume also depends on how effective the moisture ingress limitation through the Pressure compensation device is designed. Finally, the local climatic conditions and the enclosed volume of the cavity between the facades must also be taken into account.

The pressure compensation device and the drying device can interact. If no cooperation between the pressure compensation device and the drying device is desired, the pressure compensation device can be arranged with a direct connection to the space between the facades in the subframe profile or in the main frame profile in a separate hollow chamber next to the drying device. Alternatively, it is also possible to arrange the pressure compensation device in the main frame profile or sub-frame profile without a flow connection to the drying device.

If the pressure compensation device and the drying device are to work together, this can be done either without direct physical contact between the pressure compensation device and the drying device, or with direct physical contact between the pressure compensation device and the drying device. If there is to be no physical contact between the pressure compensation device and the drying device, this can be done both with and without a pipe. If direct physical contact is to be provided between the pressure compensation device and the drying device, the pressure compensation device can be installed either in the main frame profile or sub-frame profile or in the desiccant container.

The pressure compensation device can be arranged in the horizontal enclosing frame profile and/or in the vertical enclosing frame profile. If the pressure compensation device is arranged in the horizontal enclosing frame profile, it is located either outside in the subframe profile at the bottom and/or at the top and/or on the side. The number of pressure compensation devices is to be provided as required. If several pressure equalization devices are provided, they are preferably arranged offset to one another.

This also applies to an arrangement of the pressure compensation device in the vertical main frame profile on one side and/or on both sides. One or more pressure equalization devices can be provided and if several pressure equalization devices are provided, these are preferably arranged offset to one another. If the pressure equalization devices are arranged both in the horizontal main frame profile and in the vertical frame profile, they are either arranged horizontally below plus one-sided or vertically on both sides, or horizontally on top plus one-sidedly or vertically on both sides. Alternatively, the pressure compensation device can also be arranged on all sides in the main frame profile.

The number of pressure equalization devices depends on the requirement. The main influencing factors here are the volume of the space between the facades and the local climatic conditions, taking into account the orientation of the facade.

The drying devices with desiccant include a moisture-adsorbing substance to help prevent condensation. Examples are silica gel or zeolite-based adsorbents. The drying devices are located in hollow chambers of the frame profiles or in separate containers. If the drying devices with desiccant are located in hollow chambers of the frame profiles, they can be arranged in a hollow chamber in the sub-frame profile and/or main frame profile in some areas or in all hollow chambers. If the drying devices are provided in separate containers, they can be arranged either outside or inside in the space between the glass elements in the facade and can be attached to partial areas or to all parts of the surrounding frame. Alternatively, drying devices with separate containers can also be arranged in the parapet area of the facade elements and connected to the space between the facades in an air-conducting manner.

The desiccant can be replaced in different ways. On the one hand, the desiccants can be sucked out of the cavities of the frame profiles from the inside or outside and reintroduced by blowing in new material or after regeneration after appropriate treatment by desorption of water vapor. If the opening is located at the bottom, it is possible to drain the spent desiccant under the influence of gravity. The desiccant is particularly preferably exchanged through resealable openings in the frame profiles. Finally, it is also possible to completely replace containers with exhausted desiccant by removing the container after dismantling or opening glass panes to make the cavity between the facades accessible and either immediately replacing it with a new container or replacing the container after regeneration of the desiccant it contains is reused. The outer glazing element is preferably removed. However, with a corresponding design of the enclosing frame profile, it is also possible to remove the inner glazing element, for example by removing an inner glazing bead.

There are various options for making the space between the facades accessible from the outside and/or inside. On the one hand, the inner glass element and/or outer glass element can be removed. Alternatively, depending on the facade construction, it could also be possible to open either the inner or outer glass element. For this purpose, a rotary window could be provided, for example, which can be opened by unlocking a rotary fitting. The accessibility of the glass elements is given after the glazing beads or pressure beads have been removed.

If the outer glass pane is not held by a glazing bead, but is firmly connected to the sub-frame profile, the outer glass element can be removed by loosening the screw connection that screws the sub-frame profile to the main frame profile. If a hanging technique is used to connect the sub-frame profile to the main frame profile, the sub-frame profile can be detached from the main frame profile.

Accessibility to the space between the facades is advantageous in order to be able to replace defective panes of glass and to be able to clean components and surfaces of the space between the facades. Another purpose is to be able to maintain, repair or replace components in the cavity between the facades. These include, in particular, an optionally provided sun protection, a drying device and components of the pressure equalization devices.

The facade element according to the invention is largely vapor-tight. Various measures are planned for this. On the one hand, wet glazing of the glass panes inside and outside with the surrounding frame can be provided. If necessary, an intermediate layer of sealant made of butyl can be provided to improve the vapor tightness. A further measure for producing a high level of vapor tightness is to provide vapor diffusion-reducing measures on one or both insulating webs for thermal separation. For example, thin stainless steel foils with a thickness of no more than 0.050 mm or metal-coated plastic foils can be used. Alternatively, you can also use for the insulating bars Plastics with high vapor tightness are used, such as butyl or polyvinylidene fluoride, or such a plastic can be applied to the surface of the insulating webs by coextrusion. Likewise, the insulating webs can be made entirely of a plastic with high vapor tightness, such as polyvinylidene fluoride. A further alternative or supplementary measure to improve vapor tightness consists in sealing ducts and/or additionally sealing frame corner connectors. Seals or glued-on foils can be used again, as described in connection with the insulating bars. For this purpose, a vapor diffusion-inhibiting film can be applied all the way round to the internal or external insulation web after the production of the insulation frame profile, which also seals the mitered corners.

The most preferred measure to increase vapor tightness is to apply a layer of butyl to the insulation webs, preferably from the outside.

According to a preferred embodiment of the two-shell facade element, the pressure equalization device and the drying device in the space between the facades are accessible by opening or removing the outer glazing element or an opaque outer element or the inner glazing element or an opaque parapet element. In other words, by removing or opening the glazing element or panel arranged on the outside or inside of the facade, access to the space between the facades is possible in order to check the function of the pressure compensation device and drying device and to make maintenance accessible. It may be necessary to clean the pressure compensation device by blowing it out.

Likewise, the pressure compensation device and drying device can be repaired and replaced. For example, a capillary tube can be replaced or a cover profile that forms the capillary element together with a groove in the surrounding frame profile. Likewise, if a separate desiccant container is provided, it can be completely replaced, or the desiccant located in the drying device can be replaced.

In summary, there are the following basic variants:

Version 1:

- Use of a capillary tube - The pressure loss of the air flow during pressure equalization is the pressure loss when flowing through the capillary tube.

- The desiccant interacts directly with the space between the facades and is not traversed by the air duct to equalize the pressure.

- The desiccant can be exchanged through access from the outside, preferably from the room side.

- Optional further measures are taken to increase the vapor tightness of the facade element.

Variant 2:

- Use of a capillary tube

- The desiccant interacts directly with the capillary tube and is traversed by the air duct to equalize the pressure.

- The total pressure loss of the air flow during pressure equalization is the sum of the pressure loss when flowing through the capillary tube and the pressure loss when flowing through the desiccant.

Variant 3:

- No capillary tube is provided.

- Provision of an air guiding device, which is guided through the desiccant.

- The total pressure loss of the air flow during pressure equalization is the sum of the pressure loss when flowing through the air flow device and the pressure loss when flowing through the desiccant.

Variant 4:

No capillary tube is provided. - The pressure equalization takes place via an air duct device without flowing through the desiccant.

- The total pressure loss of the air flow during pressure equalization is the pressure loss when flowing through the air flow device.

- The desiccant is in air exchange with the facade cavity.

Which of the variants is preferred depends on the specification of a desired replacement interval for the desiccant, which can be estimated from the climatic conditions at the destination, the volume of desiccant, the water absorption capacity of the desiccant and design features of the facade element.

Brief description of the drawings

In the following figures, the invention is purely exemplary based on different

embodiments described. Show in it:

Fig. 1 is a vertical section through the basic structure of a

Facade element according to a first variant;

Fig. 2 is a vertical section through the basic structure of a

Facade element according to a second variant;

Fig. 3 shows a vertical section through a facade element according to a first

embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 4 shows a vertical section through a facade element according to a second

embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 5 shows a vertical section through a facade element according to a third

embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 6 is a vertical section through a facade element according to a fourth

embodiment of the invention; 7 shows a vertical section through a facade element according to a fifth embodiment of the invention;

8 shows a vertical section through a facade element according to a sixth embodiment of the invention;

9 shows a vertical section through a facade element according to a seventh embodiment of the invention;

10 shows a vertical section through a facade element according to an eighth embodiment of the invention;

11 shows a vertical section through a facade element according to a ninth embodiment of the invention;

12 shows an embodiment of a pressure compensation device according to an embodiment of the invention;

13 shows an embodiment of a pressure compensation device according to a further embodiment of the invention;

14 shows a first embodiment of a pressure compensation device with a short capillary tube;

15 shows a further embodiment with an embodiment of a pressure compensation device in direct interaction with a drying device;

16 shows a further embodiment with a further configuration of a pressure compensation device with a long capillary tube in direct interaction with a drying device;

17 shows a vertical section through a facade element according to a twelfth embodiment of the invention, which represents a variant of the embodiment according to FIG. 16 with a long capillary tube; Fig. 18 shows a vertical section through a facade element according to a 13th

Embodiment of the invention showing a variant of the embodiment of Figure 16 with a long capillary tube;

Fig. 19 shows a vertical section through a facade element according to a 14th

Fig. 20 shows a vertical section through a facade element according to a 15th

Fig. 21 shows a vertical section through a facade element according to a 16th

Fig. 22 shows a vertical section through a facade element according to a 17th

23 shows a second embodiment of a pressure compensation device with a short capillary tube;

24 shows a third embodiment of a pressure compensation device with a short capillary tube;

25 shows a fourth embodiment of a pressure compensation device with a short capillary tube;

Fig. 26 shows a vertical section through a facade element according to an 18th

embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 27 shows a detailed view of FIG. 26;

28(a) to 28(r) possible arrangements of pressure compensation and drying devices in a facade element according to the invention; 29 shows a vertical section through the sub-frame profile of a facade element in a sectional plane parallel to the glass plane of the facade element according to a

19th embodiment of the invention;

30 shows a vertical section through the sub-frame profile of a facade element in a sectional plane parallel to the glass plane of the facade element according to a

20th embodiment of the invention;

31 shows a vertical section through the sub-frame profile of a facade element in a sectional plane parallel to the glass plane of the facade element according to a

21st embodiment of the invention;

32 shows a vertical section through the sub-frame profile of a facade element in a sectional plane parallel to the glass plane of the facade element according to a

22nd embodiment of the invention;

33a shows a vertical section through the sub-frame profile in a sectional plane parallel to the glass plane of the facade element according to a 23rd embodiment of the invention;

33b shows a vertical sectional view in a sectional plane perpendicular to the glass plane of the 23rd embodiment of the invention;

34a shows a vertical section through the sub-frame profile in a sectional plane parallel to the glass plane of the facade element according to a 24th embodiment of the invention;

34b shows a vertical sectional view in a sectional plane perpendicular to the glass plane of the 24th embodiment of the invention;

35a shows a vertical section through the sub-frame profile in a sectional plane parallel to the glass plane of the facade element according to a 25th embodiment of the invention;

35b shows a vertical sectional view in a sectional plane perpendicular to the glass plane of the 25th embodiment of the invention; FIG. 35c shows a variant of the embodiment according to FIG. 35b in a first operating position;

FIG. 35d shows a variant of the embodiment according to FIG. 35b in a second operating position;

36a shows a vertical section through the sub-frame profile in a sectional plane parallel to the glass plane of the facade element according to a 26th embodiment of the invention;

36b shows a vertical sectional view in a sectional plane perpendicular to the glass plane of the 26th embodiment of the invention;

37a shows a vertical section through the sub-frame profile in a sectional plane parallel to the glass plane of the facade element according to a 27th embodiment of the invention;

37b shows a vertical sectional view in a sectional plane perpendicular to the glass plane of the 27th embodiment of the invention;

38a shows a vertical section through the sub-frame profile in a sectional plane parallel to the glass plane of the facade element according to a 28th embodiment of the invention;

38b shows a vertical sectional view in a sectional plane perpendicular to the glass plane of the 28th embodiment of the invention;

39a shows a vertical section through the sub-frame profile in a sectional plane parallel to the glass plane of the facade element according to a 29th embodiment of the invention;

39b shows a vertical sectional view in a sectional plane perpendicular to the glass plane of the 29th embodiment of the invention; 40a shows a vertical section through the sub-frame profile in a sectional plane parallel to the glass plane of the facade element according to a 30th embodiment of the invention;

40b is a vertical sectional view in a sectional plane perpendicular to the glass plane of the 30th embodiment of the invention;

41a shows a vertical section through the sub-frame profile in a sectional plane parallel to the glass plane of the facade element according to a 31st embodiment of the invention;

41b shows a vertical sectional view in a sectional plane perpendicular to the glass plane of the 31st embodiment of the invention;

42a shows a vertical section through the sub-frame profile in a sectional plane parallel to the glass plane of the facade element according to a 32nd embodiment of the invention;

42b shows a vertical sectional view in a sectional plane perpendicular to the glass plane of the 32nd embodiment of the invention;

43a shows a vertical section through the sub-frame profile in a sectional plane parallel to the glass plane of the facade element according to a 33rd embodiment of the invention;

43b shows a vertical sectional view in a sectional plane perpendicular to the glass plane of the 33rd embodiment of the invention;

44a is a vertical sectional view in a sectional plane perpendicular to the glass plane of the 34th embodiment of the invention and

FIG. 44b shows a detailed view in a further section of the embodiment according to FIG. 44a.

Ways to carry out the invention In the following figures, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals. In the following embodiments, only the specific differences and deviations from the previous embodiments are explained, while the basic structure of the facade element in the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is described.

In all figures, the arrows labeled "DA" indicate the direction of air movement during pressure equalization, and the arrows labeled "TR" indicate the direction of air exchange of dried air from the drying device into the cavity between the facades during drying. If these directions match, the designation "DA + TR" is also used. The “AT” arrows indicate the direction in which the desiccant can be replaced or, if a separate desiccant canister is used, it can be replaced.

In Fig. 1 is a vertical section through a facade element 1 without

Pressure compensation device and drying device shown. An outer glass element 2 is arranged on the outside of the facade, which in the present exemplary embodiment is sealed to form a glazing bead 10 on the outside via outer sealing strips 33 . The outer glass element 2 is held by means of the inner seal 25 on the inside and in particular in the direction of the facade interior 3 . The inner seal 25 is pushed into a subframe profile 7 . There is a seal 27 between the sub-frame profile 7 and the end faces of the outer glass element 2. An outer expansion joint seal 30 is also inserted on the sub-frame profile 7. Together with the inner expansion joint seal 28 arranged on the inside of the facade and the central expansion joint seal 29, this seals the expansion joint 78 between the vertically adjacent glass elements.

The sub-frame profile 7 is screwed to the main frame profile 6 of the surrounding frame profile 11 with the aid of connecting screws 9 . Between the main frame profile 6 and the sub-frame profile 7 there is a seal 8, which preferably consists of thermoplastic butyl or another suitable material that has a high vapor tightness. The main frame profile 6 is formed in the illustrated embodiment as a composite profile with main frame profile sections 6a and 6b, which are thermally decoupled via insulating webs 24 made of plastic with increased vapor tightness. In the space 3 between the facades, a sunshade 5 is arranged, which is shown schematically in the present exemplary embodiment. On the inside of the facade, an inner glass element 4 is provided as multiple insulating glass, which is held by a seal 32 via an inner seal or inner seal 31 towards the stop and towards the cavity 3 of the facade, which is held by a glazing bead 20 in the cavity between the facades. The provision of an internal seal increases the vapor tightness compared to a gasket. Reduced vapor tightness is disadvantageous, since this leads to the desiccant container being exhausted more quickly, thus shortening the replacement intervals for the desiccant.

FIG. 1 thus represents a first variant of the basic structure of the facade element, which, as shown in the embodiments beginning with FIG. 3, is provided with a pressure equalization device and a drying device.

FIG. 2 shows a variant of the embodiment according to FIG. 1, in which the facade element has no glazing bead 10 arranged on the outside of the facade and accordingly also no external sealing strips 33, which are also omitted with the omission of the outer glazing bead 10. The outer glass pane 2 is attached to the sub-frame profile 7 by means of the seal 26 . Otherwise, the structure according to FIG. 2 corresponds to that according to FIG. 1, so that reference can be made to the explanation relating to FIG.

Based on the basic construction of the facade element 1 already shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 shows a first alternative design of a pressure compensation device and a drying device. In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, both the pressure compensation device and the drying device are arranged in the subframe profile 7. For this purpose, there is a desiccant 14 in a hollow chamber 80 of the sub-frame profile 7. Desiccant 14 can be exchanged in the vertical direction in the direction of the arrow AT between the expansion joint 78 and the hollow chamber 80 filled with desiccant 14 in the sub-frame profile 7. In the direction of the cavity 3 in the facade, both pressure equalization and, together with the pressure compensation, the transport of moisture-laden air from the cavity 3 in the facade into the hollow chamber 80 filled with desiccant 14 can take place, where the water vapor is adsorbed on suitable adsorbents, such as zeolites, and in this way the interior atmosphere in the cavity 3 in the facade is kept at a stable, low level of humidity. Also indicated in FIG. 3 with reference number 56 are measures for providing a vapor barrier in the area of the insulating webs 24, for example in the form of a selection of suitable materials for the insulating webs.

The embodiment according to FIG. 4 differs from that according to FIG. 3 in that the hollow chamber 80 provided in the sub-frame profile 7, in conjunction with a long or short capillary tube connected to the outside atmosphere and to the space between the facades, serves to equalize the pressure, as shown by the arrows DA . The main frame profile 6 has a hollow chamber 13 which is filled with desiccant 14 . In addition, openings 15 are provided between the hollow chamber 13 in the main frame profile 6 and the cavity 3 between the facades, which allow air to be exchanged so that air laden with moisture can penetrate into the hollow chamber 13, whereupon the desiccant 14 located therein absorbs the moisture. The moisture-laden desiccant is exchanged in the direction of the arrow AT shown towards the inside of the facade. In contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. 3, in which the pressure compensation device and drying device in the subframe profile 7 interact directly with one another, in the embodiment according to FIG. 4 there is no direct interaction between the pressure compensation device and drying device, since the pressure compensation device is arranged in the subframe profile 7 while the drying device is located in the main frame profile 6.

The direction "AT" shown in Fig. 4 for the exchange of desiccant laden with steam for a freshly regenerated desiccant is only given as a lump sum. A possible technical implementation of the exchange will be explained with reference to FIGS. 26 and 27.

The embodiment according to FIG. 5 is similar to that according to FIG the hollow chamber 13 in the main frame profile 6 is in air-conducting connection. The pressure equalization to the cavity 3 in the facade thus takes place from the expansion joint 78 into the hollow chamber 80 of the subframe profile 7 and through the pressure equalization subsystem 17 into the hollow chamber 13 filled with desiccant 14 and through the openings 15, while in the embodiment according to Fig. 4 the hollow chamber 80 in the subframe profile 7 has both an air-conducting connection to the expansion joint 78 and to the cavity 3 in the facade, which enables pressure equalization. Thus, in the embodiment according to FIG. 5, the pressure compensation device and the drying device interact directly with one another because the pressure compensation device is arranged in the sub-frame profile 7 and between the sub-frame profile 7 and the main frame profile 6, and the drying device is arranged in the main frame profile 6.

Another variant is shown in FIG. Here both the pressure compensation device and the drying device are integrated in the hollow chamber 13 in the main frame profile 6 . This solution is therefore similar to that according to FIG. 3 as far as the direct interaction of the pressure compensation device with the drying device is concerned. In contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. 3, however, the combined system is located in a cavity 13 in the main frame profile 6, while in the embodiment according to FIG. For this purpose, pressure equalization openings 18 are provided between the hollow chamber 13 in the main frame profile 6 and the expansion joint 78, as well as openings 15 between the hollow chamber 13 and the facade cavity 3, so that pressure equalization between the facade cavity 3 and the expansion joint area is possible. The air flow between the expansion joint and the drying device takes place through a foam block 22, the core of which is open-celled.

In the configurations according to FIGS. 3 to 6, the hollow chamber 13 filled with desiccant is arranged in such a way that it is not in the transparent visible area of the facade element 1 and therefore cannot be perceived as disturbing.

The drying device is also located in the area of the main frame profile 6 in the embodiment according to FIG. The desiccant container 19 is replaced by completely removing it in the direction of the arrow AT and reattaching it to the main frame profile 6 with regenerated desiccant. The desiccant container 19 has openings 15, which connect the inner cavity 69 of the desiccant container 19, which is filled with desiccant 14, to the cavity 3 in the facade, so that air can be exchanged and water vapor in the cavity 3 in the facade can be bound by the desiccant 14 in the desiccant container 19. The pressure compensation device is in the embodiment of FIG. 7 in the same way as designed according to the embodiment of FIG. The pressure equalization takes place in that a hollow space 80 of the sub-frame profile 7 is in air connection both with the expansion joint 78 and with the space 3 between the facades. Thus, the pressure compensation device in the subframe profile 7 and the drying device are provided in the form of an exchangeable desiccant container 19 without direct interaction with one another. The desiccant container 19 has a shape that does not appear disturbing both when looking from the inside of the facade outwards and when looking inward from the outside of the facade.

The embodiment according to FIG. 8 combines the basic ideas of the embodiments according to FIGS. 6 and 7. As in the embodiment according to FIG. 7, a separate desiccant container 19 is provided, which, however, in contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. but in which a pressure compensation device is also integrated at the same time. For this purpose, in addition to the openings 15 already described with reference to FIG. 7, which establish an air connection between the interior of the desiccant container 19 and the cavity 3 in the facade, pressure equalization openings 18 are also provided, which also in the case of the interposition of a cavity as shown in FIG 13 in the main frame profile 6 creates a flow connection between the expansion joint 78 and the inner cavity 69 of the desiccant container 19, which is filled with desiccant 14, so that a pressure equalization between the expansion joint 78 and the cavity 3 in the façade can be achieved via the pressure equalization openings 18, the inner cavity 69 of the desiccant container 19 and the Openings 15 can be done. Both the pressure compensation device in the main frame profile 6 and in the desiccant container 19 as well as the drying device as an exchangeable container in the cavity 3 between the facades are thus in direct interaction with one another. The pressure compensation device and the drying device are arranged and dimensioned in such a way that they do not extend into the transparent area 12 of the facade element. The transparent area extends upwards in the drawing plane of Fig. 8 from the inner seal 32 of the inner glazing 4, because only in this area are both the outer glazing 2 and the inner glazing 4 transparent when looking through the facade element perpendicularly to the main plane of the outer glazing 2 , if the sun protection device 5 is not in the operating position.

The embodiment according to FIG. 9 essentially corresponds to that according to FIG. In this case, reference numeral 23a is a film made of very thin stainless steel with a thickness of no more than 0.050 mm or made of metal-coated plastic foil or butyl foil on the insulating web on a surface facing the expansion joint. A film as described above, however, is designated by reference number 23b on the insulating web 24 on a side facing away from the expansion joint. These measures serve to further increase the vapor tightness of the insulating webs and thus to reduce the diffusion of water vapor into the space 3 between the facades.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 10 an opaque element is shown, which is provided in the form of a spandrel panel 58 in the plane of the inner glass element 4 and an opaque coating 60 in the plane known in the art as position 2 on the outer glass pane. In this configuration, it makes sense to arrange a separately provided desiccant container 19 in the opaque area. In the embodiment according to Fig. 10, the desiccant container 19 is located as an exchangeable container in the area of the parapet in front of the parapet panel 58. The desiccant container 19 also represents part of the pressure equalization device with openings 15 in the facade cavity 3 surrounding the desiccant container 19. Between the two in vertical In the direction of adjacent facade elements, there is an air guiding element 21 which has an inner cavity and connects the inner cavity 69 of the desiccant container in the parapet panel 58 to the cavity 3 of the adjacent panel in the facade. For this purpose, the air guiding element, which can be a pipe or hose, for example, is inserted through insertion openings 18a in the main profile 6 and fixed on the outside of the insertion element 21 in a sealing manner in the insertion openings 18a. In this way, the pressure equalization in the cavity 3 of the adjacent facade element is achieved and at the same time inflowing air is dehumidified.

The embodiment of FIG. 11 closely follows that of FIG. In contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. 10, however, an interior space in the area of the frame of the main frame profile 6 is completely filled with insulating material 62 in the opaque area. For this reason, the desiccant container 19 also takes up the entire depth of the main frame profile 6 and the openings 15 are provided on the front side in the desiccant container 19 in order to be able to produce the pressure equalization there via the cavity 3 in the facade that is not filled with insulating material in the area of the subframe profile 7. As in the embodiment according to FIG. 10, the air guide element 21 is used to equalize the pressure in the cavity 3 of the vertically adjoining facade element and to dry the inflowing air. From the examples above, it is clear that there are two basic concepts related to the pressure equalization device. On the one hand, a direct air connection can be established with the space between the facades, so that there is no direct interaction with the drying device. On the other hand, however, there can also be a connection to the space between the facades and through the drying device, so that there is a direct interaction between the pressure compensation device and the drying device.

The embodiment according to FIG. 12 shows in detail the pressure equalization device which is integrated in the sub-frame profile 7 . A long capillary tube 35 is clipped into the subframe profile 7 for this purpose. The long capillary tube can preferably be made of metal or plastic. Thermoplastics or elastomers can be used as plastics. A filter element or a membrane can be arranged at the inlet of the capillary tube (not shown in section), which is in air-conducting connection with the outside atmosphere. In the same way, alternatively or additionally, a filter or a membrane can be provided at the outlet of the capillary tube (not shown in section). The outlet of the capillary tube is in air-conducting connection with the hollow chamber 80 in the sub-frame profile 7 . In this way, via the cavity 80 and the capillary tube 35 in the direction of the arrow DA, pressure can be equalized between the cavity 3 in the facade and the outside climate via the cavity 80, via an air-conducting connection between the cavity 80 and an outlet opening of the long capillary tube 35 and the air-conducting connection between the inlet opening of the long capillary tube 35 and the outside atmosphere. The configuration according to FIG. 12 is an example of those configurations in which there is no direct interaction between the pressure compensation device and the drying device.

The embodiment according to FIG. 19 is similar to that according to FIG. 12, however, instead of the long capillary tube according to FIG. 12, a plastic profile 66 made of a thermoplastic or elastomer is used. For this purpose, a groove 53 is formed in the subframe profile 7 in the region of the hollow chamber 80, and the plastic profile 66 is inserted into the groove 53 in order to seal the groove 53 at a distance from the groove. A groove 51 with a rectangular cross-section, which represents the capillary element, is provided in the plastic profile 66 made of a thermoplastic or elastomer. There is also an opening 68 in the groove 53 which connects the cavity 80 to the groove 51 . The groove is connected to the outside atmosphere via a gap in the plastic profile 66 . The desired pressure equalization takes place via the Plastic profile 66, the hollow chamber 80 and, in the direction of the arrow DA, the filter 36 in the pressure equalization opening 34 of the hollow chamber 80 of the sub-frame profile 7.

The embodiment according to FIG. 20 differs from that according to FIG. The plastic profile 66 for sealing the groove 53 consists of a thermoplastic or elastomer and must be both sufficiently adaptable and sufficiently vapor-tight, which must be taken into account when selecting a suitable plastic profile. The gap 55 forms the capillary element and is connected to the hollow chamber in the sub-frame profile 7 via the opening 68 . As in the embodiment according to FIG. 19, there is also no direct interaction between the pressure compensation device and the drying device in the embodiment according to FIG.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 21, in contrast to that according to FIG. There is thus a direct interaction between the pressure compensation device and the drying device. As in the embodiment according to FIG. 19, the capillary element is again formed by a groove 53 in the sub-frame profile 7 and a gap 51 in the plastic profile 66, which forms a long capillary element. The cross section of the capillary element 51 is rectangular. A filter 36 is inserted in the pressure equalization opening to the cavity 3 in the facade.

FIG. 22 shows a variant of the embodiment according to FIG. The pressure equalization device thus again comprises a long capillary groove, which is formed by the gap 55 between the plastic profile 66 made of a thermoplastic or elastomer and the groove 53, as well as the filter 36 between the hollow chamber 80 and the facade cavity 3. By filling the hollow chamber 80 with desiccant 14, however, in contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. 20, there is a direct interaction between the pressure compensation device and the drying device.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 17, there is a pressure equalization opening 37 with a filter 36 in the subframe profile 7, which connects the hollow chamber 80 in the subframe profile 7 to the outside atmosphere. In addition, a groove 38 is provided in the main frame profile 6 as part of a long capillary tube. A plastic profile is located in this groove 47 made of a thermoplastic or elastomer, which serves to seal the groove 38 and is provided with a gap 48 as part of the capillary tube cross section. Thus, the pressure equalization device comprises both elements in the sub-frame profile 7 and in the main frame profile 6 . The cavity 13 in the main frame profile 6 adjoining the groove 38 in the main frame profile 6 is filled with desiccant 14 . An opening (not shown in the sectional plane of FIG. 17) connects the long capillary tube with the hollow chamber filled with desiccant 14 in the main frame profile 6. There is therefore a direct interaction between the pressure compensation device and the drying device.

The configuration according to Fig. 18 differs from that according to Fig. 17 in that a differently shaped, elongated plastic profile 49 made of a thermoplastic or elastomer is inserted into the groove 38 in the main frame profile 6, which also serves to seal the groove 38, but in a distance from the bottom of the groove, so that there is a gap 50 between the groove 38 in the main frame profile 6 and the plastic profile 49 . The pressure compensation device is thus again formed both in the sub-frame profile 7 and in the main frame profile 6 . A capillary groove is provided in the main frame profile 6 and is formed by the gap 50 between the groove 38 and the plastic profile 49 . In addition, the pressure compensation device interacts directly with the drying device, since the cavity 13 in the main frame profile 6 adjacent to the groove 38 is filled with desiccant 14 and there is an opening in the groove 38 in the cavity filled with desiccant. A filter 36 in the sub-frame profile 7 prevents dirt from penetrating.

The embodiment according to FIG. 13 is similar to that according to FIG. 18, but the sealing plastic profile 39 pushed into the groove 38 in the main frame profile 6 and made of a thermoplastic or elastomer is shaped differently. A gap 50 is provided within the groove 38, which forms a cavity and takes on the function of a long capillary tube. The cross-sectional dimensions of the capillary tube can be adjusted by suitably selecting the dimensions of the plastic profile 39 . Desiccant 14 is filled in hollow chamber 13 in main frame profile 6 adjoining groove 38 . The groove 38 has a pressure equalization opening 72 to the hollow chamber 13 filled with desiccant 14 in the main frame profile 6 . A filter 70 can optionally be located in the pressure equalization opening 72 . In contrast to the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 18 and 19, the cross-sectional area of the gap 50 is larger in the embodiment according to FIG. Accordingly, in this embodiment, a very long capillary tube to choose. The longer the capillary tube, the better its function as a moisture barrier. A filter 36 in the sub-frame profile 7 prevents dirt from penetrating.

FIG. 14 shows a pressure compensation device with direct interaction with a drying device, which further specifies the general representation according to FIG. A separately provided desiccant container 19 is provided, which can be attached to the main frame profile 6 in the direction of the arrow AT, for example via a screw connection, and can be removed from it. In the main frame profile 6, a pressure equalization opening 42 is provided and a correspondingly arranged opening in the desiccant container 19, which can advantageously be provided with a filter 36, which is a desiccant particle barrier. In addition, a maintenance opening 43 is provided in the main frame profile 6, via which the short capillary tube 41 with membrane 45, which is located in a pressure equalization opening 18 in the main frame profile 6, can be replaced. The membrane acts as a filter and moisture barrier. In the direction of the arrow DA, there is an air-conducting pressure compensation path from the outside atmosphere into the cavity 69 of the desiccant container 19, which is filled with desiccant 14, and from there through corresponding openings 15 into the cavity 3 in the facade. The air exchange between the inner cavity 69 of the desiccant container also takes place through the last-mentioned openings 15 19 and the cavity 3 in the facade to regulate the moisture content of the air in the cavity 3 in the facade.

Figure 15 shows a design similar to that of Figure 14 but using a long capillary tube. For this purpose, a detachable and consequently exchangeable desiccant container 19 filled with desiccant 14 can be attached to the main frame profile 6 again. The pressure compensation device includes a long capillary tube 35 which is inserted into a correspondingly dimensioned receiving groove in the desiccant container on the side of the desiccant container 19 facing the main frame profile 6 . The long capillary tube is made of metal or a thermoplastic or elastomeric plastic. The outlet end of the long capillary tube 35 is in air-conducting connection with the inner cavity 69 of the desiccant container 19 via an opening not visible in the sectional plane of FIG. The outlet end of the long capillary tube 35 is in air-conducting connection with the inner cavity 69 of the desiccant container 19 via an opening that is not visible in the sectional plane of Fig. 15. An inlet opening of the one shown in Fig.

15 shown only in section, long capillary tube 35 is in air-conducting connection with a connecting piece 44, which also has an inner flow channel for air and whose end facing away from the long capillary tube 35 is in air-conducting connection with a pressure equalization opening 18 in the main frame profile 6, which establishes the flow connection to the expansion joint 78. A filter 36 is provided in the pressure equalization opening 18 in the main frame profile 6 .

The desiccant container 19 is replaced in the direction of the arrow AT as in the embodiments according to FIGS. 8 and 14, and the air exchange between the cavity 3 in the facade and the cavity 69 of the desiccant container 19 filled with desiccant 14 also takes place as in connection with the embodiment according to FIG. 14 was described.

In a modification to Fig. 15, Fig. 16 shows a different design of a long capillary tube, which is composed of two partial areas of an elongated cavity 46, a groove-shaped indentation 74 in the wall of the desiccant container 19 and the wall of the main frame profile 6 with an opening in which the connecting piece 44 is arranged. The outlet end of the long capillary tube 46 is in air-conducting connection with the inner cavity 69 of the desiccant container 19 via an opening that is not visible in the sectional plane of FIG. 16. The inlet opening of the long capillary tube 46, only shown in section in FIG Connection to the connecting piece 44, which also has an inner flow channel for air and whose end facing away from the long capillary tube 46 is in air-conducting connection with a pressure equalization opening 18 in the main frame profile 6, which establishes the flow connection to the expansion joint 78. A filter 36 is provided in the pressure equalization opening 18 in the main frame profile 6 .

Otherwise, the embodiment according to FIG. 16 corresponds to those according to FIGS. 14 and 15.

23 shows a further embodiment using a short capillary tube 41 with a membrane 45 which is in air-conducting connection with a pressure equalization opening 37 in the sub-frame profile 7 . Via the short capillary tube, air passes from the expansion joint 78 into the hollow chamber 80 in the sub-frame profile 7 and from there through the pressure equalization opening 34 into the cavity 3 in the facade to equalize the pressure with the space between the facades 3. There is thus no direct interaction between the pressure compensation device and the drying device. The embodiment according to Fig. 24 represents a modification to that according to Fig. 23. There is a direct interaction between the pressure compensation device and the drying device because, in contrast to the embodiment according to Fig. 23, there is no direct air exchange between the hollow chamber 80 in the subframe profile 7 and the Facade gap 3 exists because the hollow chamber 80 is in air communication with the hollow chamber 13 of the main frame profile 6 filled with desiccant. For this purpose, there are aligned openings in the hollow chamber 80 and the hollow chamber 13, via which, as described with reference to FIG.

The embodiment according to FIG. 25, like the configurations according to FIGS. There is a direct interaction between the

Pressure compensation device and the drying device, because the hollow chamber 80 is filled in the subframe profile 7 with desiccant 14. In addition, a pressure compensation opening 34 is provided in the hollow chamber 80 and is in air-conducting connection with the space 3 between the facades. A filter element 36 is located in the pressure compensation opening 34.

The embodiment of FIG. 26, like the embodiment of FIG. 10, has an opaque panel 58 in the spandrel area which is provided in place of the inner glazing element. The configurations of the pressure compensation device and the drying device, on the other hand, correspond to those which are shown in a detailed view in FIG. 18 and have already been explained.

The panel 58 is thermally insulated and has an outer cover shell 59, which is usually made of metal. The cover shell is preferably dark towards the space between the facades and is particularly preferably dark and matt.

An inner cover shell 61 is provided on the room side. An insulating material 62 is located between the cover shells 59 and 61. The insulating panel is preferably provided as an open cell made of mineral wool, organic foam, airgel or as a vacuum panel. The panel 58 is held to the facade cavity 3 by a strip 20 with the interposition of a sealing strip 57, while an inner seal 31 is provided on the side of the room. Also in the area of the panel 58 can optional sun protection 5' can be provided, in particular if the outer glazing element 2 should not be provided with an opaque coating 60 in position 2.

The exchange of desiccant 14 and the blowing in of fresh, regenerated desiccant is carried out with the aid of an exchange device 16, which extends through a hollow chamber 67 of the main frame profile 6 and whose inner hollow space 65 connects the room side of the facade element 1 with the hollow chamber 13 in the main frame profile 6, in which is the desiccant 14 connects. In order to prevent water vapor from penetrating from the room side into the cavity 13 filled with desiccant, a room-side sealing element 64 is provided, as shown in the detailed view in FIG. 27, which seals the inner cavity 65 of the exchange device at its room-side end. In addition, in the area of the opening between the cavity 13 filled with desiccant 14 and the cavity 67 of the main frame profile 6, a sealing part 63 is provided, which serves to prevent water vapor from penetrating the cavity 67 of the main frame profile 6 into the cavity 13 filled with desiccant impede. If the desiccant 14 is to be exchanged, the sealing element 64 is removed and the desiccant 14 is sucked out through the inner cavity of the exchange device 16 towards the room side in the direction of the arrow A. Fresh desiccant can then be blown through the inner cavity 65 of the exchange device 16 into the hollow chamber 13 in the direction of the arrow B, and the sealing element 64 can then be put on again. In this way, the desiccant 14 can be exchanged in a simple manner from the room side.

In FIG. 28, various possible arrangements of the pressure equalization and drying device are shown schematically in the schematic representations 28(a) to 28(r). In this case, “F” represents the window area and “B” designates the optionally provided, opaque area, which is preferably located in the sill area. Broken lines denote a long capillary tube interacting with a drying device, while chain-dotted lines running horizontally in the drawing plane of FIG. 28 denote a long capillary tube not interacting with a drying device. The lines running horizontally in the drawing plane of FIG. 28 correspond to a horizontal direction when the facade element is installed as intended. The vertical chain lines shown in Fig. 28 (a) to (r) correspond to a pressure equalizer with a diaphragm and a short capillary tube. Finally, a distinction must be made with regard to the arrangement of the pressure equalization openings. Thus designate straight Solid lines indicate an outward or inward pressure equalization opening, while solid lines bent at right angles denote inward pressure equalization.

As can be seen from FIG. 28, there are 18 sensible options for arranging pressure equalization and drying devices. The arrangement of the pressure equalization and drying device depends on the selection of the pressure compensation system, in particular the selection of a short or long capillary tube, as well as on the object conditions. Short capillary tubes are preferably installed in vertical frame areas.

In the configurations without the interaction of the volume flow of air during pressure equalization with the desiccant, as shown by way of example in the embodiments according to Figures 4 and 7, the provision of a capillary tube can be omitted if the air duct is designed in such a way that a sufficient service life up to can be implemented to replace the desiccant. Various configurations are possible, which are shown in FIGS. 29 to 32.

In the embodiment according to the vertical section in Fig. 29, the air flow for pressure compensation takes place entirely in the subframe profile 7. For this purpose, a first pressure compensation opening 82 and a second pressure compensation opening 84 are provided, which are provided in the subframe profile 7 and in the example according to Fig. 29 as vertically as possible are spaced apart and arranged in the immediate vicinity of the corner angles 86 in the mitred corners of the sub-frame profile 7 . The first

Pressure equalization opening 82 is arranged at the lowest point of the vertical part of the sub-frame profile, is in connection with the outside atmosphere and runs diagonally downwards along a slope on the corner angle, so that dust penetrating through the first pressure equalization openings 82 into the inner cavity of the sub-frame profile 7 settles down and can escape from the subframe profile. The second pressure equalization opening 84 is provided at the highest point of the 4 meter vertical part of the sub-frame profile 7, for example, and connects the cavity 3 in the facade with the inner cavity of the sub-frame profile 7. The straight air flow shown in Fig. 29 can already extend the service life of the desiccant compared to the case a direct air inlet from the outside atmosphere into the cavity between the facades, which is defined by the provision of two aligned bores through the sub-frame profile. As an alternative to the design according to FIG. 29, the air can be ducted during pressure equalization in a superior cover 88 which, in the vertical section through the subframe profile according to FIG. The superior cover has an internal cavity 90 and has a vertical extension which essentially corresponds to the height of the vertical part of the sub-frame profile 7 . The first pressure equalization opening 82 is provided at the bottom at the end of the superior cover 88 at the lowest point of the subframe profile and points in the vertical direction, so that dust penetrating into the inner cavity of the superior cover 88 can automatically fall out of the first pressure equalization opening 82 under the influence of gravity. At the upper end of the superior cover, an opening towards the sub-frame profile 7 is provided at the upper end of the vertical part of the sub-frame profile. The air flow during pressure equalization flows between the upper end of the superior cover 88 and a sleeve 92 which extends through the sub-frame profile 7 and leads into the cavity 3 in the facade. The largely straight air flow shown in FIG. 30 with only a single 90° deflection at the top of the air flow can also extend the service life of the desiccant compared to the case of direct air entry from the outside atmosphere into the cavity between the facades.

31 modifies the flow guide according to FIG. 30 in such a way that there is a flow connection between the inner cavity 90 of the inner cover 88 and the inner cavity 96 of the subframe profile 7 via an air exchange opening 94 in the subframe profile 7 at the upper end of the superior cover 88. The second pressure equalization opening 84 connects the cavity 3 in the façade and the inner cavity 96 of the sub-frame profile 7 and is provided approximately at the level of the first pressure equalization opening 82, so that when the pressure is equalized, the air flow is deflected twice and covers a distance that is essentially twice the height of the vertical part of the subframe profile 7 corresponds. As a result of this flow guidance, the air flow is deflected twice, between which the air guidance runs essentially in a straight line.

The variant according to FIG. 32 corresponds to the design according to FIG. 29, to which reference is made, but is modified in that an insertion element 98 is arranged in the inner cavity 96 of the sub-frame profile 7, which insert element comprises a first wall 102 and a second wall 104 , on each of which at least one transverse bulkhead 106 is attached, the mutual arrangement of which the air duct in contrast to the air duct running in a straight line according to the embodiment according to FIG. 29 several times deflects and forces a tortuous flow path. The transverse bulkheads 106 arranged alternately in the vertical direction have a downward inclination towards the side of the free flow cross section and therefore act as additional dust brakes. The service life of the desiccant can be further extended by the air flow shown in FIG. 32 with several deflections of the air flow compared to the case of a direct entry of air from the outside atmosphere into the cavity between the facades.

According to a further embodiment of the invention (not shown), the measures explained with reference to FIGS. 31 and 32 can be combined with one another by providing an upstream cover and, in addition, alternately arranged transverse bulkheads are provided either in the inner cavity of the subframe profile or in the inner cavity of the upstream cover , which represent additional deflections of the air flow. In this case, however, it is preferable to provide the transverse bulkheads in the upstream cover, since they can fulfill the additional function of a dust brake there and can prevent or at least reduce the ingress of dust into the subframe profile. With the combination of the measures explained in FIGS. 31 and 32, the service life of the desiccant can be extended even further compared to the case of direct air entry from the outside atmosphere into the cavity between the facades.

In all embodiments with an upstream cover, this can also consist of a plastic material that can absorb moisture and thus serves as a moisture buffer, which dehumidifies the incoming air within the scope of its absorption capacity for moisture and gives the absorbed moisture back to the dried air flowing out of the cavity between the facades .

The embodiments illustrated with reference to FIGS. 7, 8 and 29 to 32 have in common that the pressure equalization between the outside atmosphere and the space between the facades takes place separately from the exchange of air between the space between the facades and a desiccant. What these embodiments also have in common is that a dust filter can also be provided in the area of the first pressure equalization opening. If there is no capillary tube, the design of the air flow alone can significantly increase the service life of the desiccant until the moisture-laden desiccant needs to be replaced. In order to achieve a further increase in the service life of the desiccant, the air flow should be directed through the desiccant during pressure equalization.

A first possible configuration is shown in FIGS. 33a and 33b, with FIG. 33a showing a vertical section through the sub-frame profile in a sectional plane parallel to the glass plane of the facade element and FIG. 33b showing a vertical sectional view in a sectional plane perpendicular to the glass plane.

The design of the subframe profile according to FIG. 33a is similar to that according to FIG. 29 and differs only in that instead of the second pressure equalization opening between the inner cavity 96 of the subframe profile 7 and the cavity 7 in the facade, an opening 108 to the desiccant chamber is provided. The opening 108 is preferably a bore. For all other design features, reference can be made to the explanations for FIG.

33b uses the dot-dash lines to indicate schematically the course of the flow of air during pressure equalization. However, this representation is simplified because a gas flow through a bed of solid particles such as desiccant pellets does not run linearly, but takes a winding path that takes numerous ramifications. However, the dash-dotted lines are intended to indicate which measures can advantageously be taken in order to load the desiccant with moisture as uniformly as possible.

In the following, the situation will be explained when there is a negative pressure in the space between the facades and air flows from the outside atmosphere into the space between the facades. However, the principles explained are equally applicable to an air flow in the opposite direction.

After flowing into an inner cavity 110 of the main frame profile 6, which is filled with desiccant, the air flow is drawn to the openings 112a, 112b and 112c, which connect the inner cavity 110 of the main frame profile 6 with the facade cavity 3.

The driving force for the air flow is the air pressure present at the openings 112a, 112b and 112c, which is lower than that of the air flow when it enters the desiccant bed 98 through the opening 108. The provision of three openings results in the air flow to all openings, although the pressure loss through the desiccant bed 98 is essentially proportional to the distance between the opening 108 and the respective opening 112a, 112b, 112c. In order to counteract the effect that the air flow prefers the path with the lowest flow resistance, the openings 112a, 112b, 112c have different opening diameters. The opening diameter dl of the opening 112a located closest to the opening 108 at the inlet is the smallest and therefore generates the greatest pressure loss due to the flow resistance when flowing through. The diameter d2 of the opening 112b farthest from the opening is larger than the diameter dl, and the diameter d3 of the opening 112c farthest from the opening 108 at the entrance is largest. In this way, the flow through the desiccant container can be made more uniform. Through the in Figs. 33a, b with flow through the desiccant bed 98, the service life of the desiccant can be significantly extended compared to the case of direct air entry from the outside atmosphere into the cavity between the facades.

The desiccant is filled directly into an inner cavity of the main frame profile 6, so that no visual impairment is possible due to a desiccant container provided in the cavity between the facades. In addition, no separate desiccant container is to be provided. The desiccant is exchanged via an exchange device, as explained with reference to FIGS. 26 and 27. FIG.

A second possible configuration is shown in FIGS. 34a and 34b, with FIG. 34a showing a vertical section through the sub-frame profile in a sectional plane parallel to the glass plane of the facade element and FIG. 34b showing a vertical sectional view in a sectional plane perpendicular to the glass plane.

The design of the sub-frame profile according to FIG. 34a is similar to that according to FIG. 30 and differs only in that instead of the second pressure equalization opening between the inner cavity 96 of the sub-frame profile 7 and the cavity 3 in the facade, an opening 108 to the desiccant chamber is provided. The opening 108 is preferably a bore. For all other design features, reference can be made to the explanations for FIG.

The air flow through the desiccant bed 98 according to FIG. 34b corresponds to that according to FIG. 33b. The service life of the desiccant can also be significantly extended by the air flow shown in FIGS.

A third possible embodiment is shown in FIGS. 35a and 35b, with FIG. 35a showing a vertical section through the sub-frame profile in a sectional plane parallel to the glass plane of the facade element and FIG. 35b showing a vertical sectional view in a sectional plane perpendicular to the glass plane.

The design of the subframe profile according to FIG. 35a is similar to that according to FIG. 31 and differs only in that instead of the second pressure equalization opening between the inner cavity 96 of the subframe profile 7 and the cavity 3 in the facade, an opening 108 to the desiccant chamber is provided. The opening 108 is preferably a bore. For all other design features, reference can be made to the explanations for FIG.

The air routing through the desiccant bed 98 according to Fig. 35b corresponds to that according to Fig. 33b, but with the difference that the opening 108 to the desiccant chamber is located vertically at the lower end of the facade element and the openings 112a, 112b, 112c accordingly at the upper vertical end of the facade element. Due to the low volume flow of air, it makes no difference whether the desiccant bed 98 flows through from top to bottom or from bottom to top.

The service life of the desiccant can be significantly extended by the air flow shown in FIGS.

35c and 35d show a further development of the embodiment according to FIGS. 35a and 35b. However, it should be clear that the possibility of setting the pressure loss described below and preferred flow paths through the drying device can be used in all embodiments in which the air flow is routed through the drying device to equalize the pressure. In the area of the openings 112a, 112b and 112c, a shift link 122 is arranged, which is held in a suitable guide 124 so as to be displaceable in the axial direction in the direction of the arrow A. The shutters 126a, 126b and 126c shown hatched in FIG. 35c are provided in the shifting link and can be moved between two positions by shifting the shifting link 122, which are shown in FIGS. 35c and 35d. In the position of Figure 35c, the apertures are in an area that does not overlap openings 112a, 112b and 112c. There is thus no interaction between the openings 112a, 122b, 112c and the screens. In the position shown in FIG. 35d, the stop 126a is in front of the opening 112a, the stop 126b is in front of the opening 112b and the stop 126c is in front of the opening 112c. The provision of openings in the screens and their opening cross-sections can influence the pressure loss, but also the flow guidance through the desiccant bed. In the embodiment according to FIGS. 35c and 35d, the screen 126a has no opening, the screen 126b has an opening with the diameter d1, and the screen 126c has an opening with the diameter d2. In the position according to FIG. 35d, the opening 112a is thus closed. The opening 112b is narrowed to a diameter d1 and the opening is narrowed to a diameter d3. In this way, the pressure loss through the desiccant bed is increased, but the flow path between the openings 108 and 112a is also prevented.

A fourth possible configuration is shown in FIGS. 36a and 36b, with FIG. 36a showing a vertical section through the sub-frame profile in a sectional plane parallel to the glass plane of the facade element and FIG. 36b showing a vertical sectional view in a sectional plane perpendicular to the glass plane.

The design of the sub-frame profile according to FIG. 36a is similar to that according to FIG. 32 and differs only in that instead of the second pressure equalization opening between the inner cavity 96 of the sub-frame profile 7 and the cavity 3 in the facade, an opening 108 to the desiccant chamber is provided. The opening 108 is preferably a bore. For all other design features, reference can be made to the explanations for FIG.

The air routing through the desiccant bed 98 according to FIG. 36b corresponds to that according to FIG. 33b, so that reference is made to the explanations for FIG. 33b.

The service life of the desiccant can be significantly extended by the air flow shown in FIGS. 36a, b with flow through the desiccant bed 98 compared to the case of a direct ingress of air from the outside atmosphere into the façade cavity.

A fifth possible configuration is shown in FIGS. 37a and 37b, with FIG. 37a showing a vertical section through the sub-frame profile in a sectional plane parallel to the glass plane of the facade element and FIG. 37b showing a vertical sectional view in a sectional plane perpendicular to the glass plane.

The design of the subframe profile according to FIG. 37a includes a superior cover 88 as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 35a, but with additional transverse bulkheads 106 in the superior cover 88 for flow deflection and as a dust separator. The transverse bulkheads 106 create a tortuous flow path and further improve the effectiveness of the pressure balancing system.

The air routing through the desiccant bed 98 according to FIG. 37b corresponds to that according to FIG. 35b, so that reference is made to the explanations for FIG. 35b.

Due to the air flow shown in FIGS. 37a, b with flow through the desiccant bed 98, the service life of the desiccant can be significantly extended compared to the case of direct air entry from the outside atmosphere into the cavity between the facades. In addition, this solution has good properties in terms of dust separation due to the transverse bulkheads provided alternately in the upper attachment element.

The configuration according to Figures 37a, b already generates a relatively high pressure loss in the air duct of the pressure compensation device, which can be problematic if the desiccant bed 98 also causes a high pressure loss during the flow, so that with small pressure fluctuations there is not a sufficiently high driving force for an air flow through the entire height of the desiccant bed 98, which essentially corresponds to the height of a facade element, could be present.

For this reason, the embodiments described below with reference to FIGS. 38a to 42b provide the opening 108 between the sub-frame profile 7 and the main frame profile 6 essentially centrally in relation to the height of the desiccant bed 98, while the openings 112a, 112b, ... are at the top and bottom in Relative to the desiccant bed 98 are arranged. In this way, the distance between the opening 108 and each of the openings 112a, 112b, ... is halved.

The simplest case is shown in the embodiment according to FIGS. 38a and 38b, with FIG. 38a showing a vertical section through the sub-frame profile in a section plane parallel to the glass plane of the facade element and FIG. 38b showing a vertical section view in a section plane perpendicular to the glass plane.

Adjacent to a shortened air duct in the sub-frame profile 7 between the first pressure equalization opening 82 and the opening 108, the opening 108 is approximately halfway up the facade element. This shortens the distance the air travels from the opening 108 to one of the openings 112a, 112b, with a correspondingly lower air pressure loss when flowing through the desiccant bed 98. The pressure loss in the inner cavity of the sub-frame profile 7 is significantly lower than in the desiccant bed 98 The design in the subframe profile 7 corresponds to that shown in Figure 33a, but with the modification that the opening 108 is located halfway up.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 39a, 39b, FIG. 39a shows a vertical section through the sub-frame profile in a sectional plane parallel to the glass plane of the facade element, and FIG. 39b shows a vertical sectional view in a sectional plane perpendicular to the glass plane.

The design of the sub-frame profile according to FIG. 39a corresponds to that according to FIG. 38a. In the exemplary embodiment according to Fig. 39a, however, six openings 112a, 112b, 112c, 112d, 112e and 112f were provided in desiccant bed 98, which are designed as bores whose diameter increases with increasing distance from opening 108, as has already been shown with reference to Fig. 33b was explained. Two measures are thus combined with one another in order to flow through the desiccant bed 98 as evenly as possible with an acceptable pressure drop; on the one hand the arrangement essentially vertically in the center of the opening 108 between the main frame profile 6 and the sub-frame profile 7, on the other hand the arrangement of the openings 112a to 112f in the cavity between the facades at the top and bottom in relation to the desiccant bed 98 with an increasing cross-section of the openings, the further they are from are located away from the opening 108 to the subframe profile. The functional principle according to FIG. 39b can be combined with different flow guides in the subframe profile, with only one adjustment having to be made because the opening 108 in the main frame profile is located approximately halfway up the subframe profile.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 40a, the height of the superior cover 88 is reduced by half compared to the embodiment according to FIG. 34a, while in the embodiment according to FIG. 41a the superior cover 88 corresponds to that according to FIG. 35a and only the position of the opening 108 is changed. The flow guidance through the desiccant between the sub-frame profile and the space between the facades according to FIGS. 40b and 41b corresponds to that which has already been explained with reference to FIG. 39b.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 42a, b, the flow guidance between the opening 108 to the subframe profile 7 and the openings 112a, 112b, 112c, 112d, 112e and 112f again corresponds to that according to FIG. 39b. In the sub-frame profile 7, however, there is an insert 100, which is shortened in comparison to the design according to FIG. This design with a shortened flow path through the subframe profile has the additional advantage that the pressure loss of the flow path through the subframe profile is also reduced.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 43a, b, the opening 108 between the sub-frame profile 7 and the chamber in the main frame profile 6 filled with the desiccant is connected to a distributor pipe 114, so that air flowing into the drying device through the opening 108 enters the distributor pipe. The distributor pipe 114 is provided with a plurality of outlet openings 116a, 116b, 116c, 116d, 116e at predetermined intervals, the number of which may deviate from that shown in FIG. 43b. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the cross-sectional openings of the outlet openings 116a to 116e are not the same, but rather increase as the distance from the opening 108 increases. In this way, the air flow emerging from the individual outlet openings 116a to 116c can be influenced in such a way that it is essentially the same size through each outlet opening. The openings 112a, 112b, 112c, 112d and 112e are each located essentially vertically above one of the outlet openings 116a to 116e, so that between the pairs of one outlet opening 116a to 116e and one opening 112a to 112e there is a preferred pad for the air flow arises and through the resulting distribution of the Air flows through the desiccant bed as uniform as possible loading of the desiccant in the drying device is achieved. The openings 112a to 112e have an increasing opening cross-section. In the case of a bore, the opening diameter of the openings 112a to 112e, which are identified by d1 to d5 in FIG. 43a, increases steadily from d1 to d5.

The embodiment according to FIGS. 44a and 44b modifies the embodiment according to FIGS. 43a and 43b in such a way that the pressure loss of the air flowing through the drying device can also be adjusted, as already explained with reference to FIGS. 35c and 35d. For this purpose, the distributor pipe 114 is surrounded by a pipe sleeve 118 which is rotatably mounted relative to the distributor pipe 114 via a slide bearing in the main frame profile 6 and can be adjusted from the outside. For this purpose, the tubular casing 118 can be rotated in the direction of the arrow R from the outside on the main frame profile. The tube sleeve 118 has an adjustment opening 120a to 120e in each case at those axial positions which correspond to the respective axial positions of the outlet openings 116a to 116e. The opening cross section of the outlet openings 116a to 116e can be reduced by rotating the pipe sleeve 118 relative to the distributor pipe 114 . As the opening cross-section of the outlet openings becomes smaller, the pressure loss of the air flow increases as it flows through the outlet openings 116a to 116e.

However, the air flows indicated in all figures are only intended to schematically indicate a possible course of the flow. In reality, the air flow branches out through a bed of granular solids and the very low volume flows for pressure equalization are also superimposed by diffusion processes, which allow moisture-laden air to diffuse into areas where the air has dried. These diffusion processes support the uniform loading of the desiccant in the desiccant bed.

What all configurations with an air duct through the desiccant bed have in common is that the service life of the desiccant can be significantly increased compared to direct introduction of the air into the cavity between the facades. In this way, a two-shell façade element can be designed whose replacement interval can be more than 20 years, even under unfavorable climatic conditions, despite the fact that a capillary tube is not used.

With all the variants of the air flow described above, the volume flow of air as a function of the prevailing pressure difference can be determined with the help of a simple test to be determined. The relationship between the volume flow of air and the pressure difference can be determined through targeted tests so that it can be described mathematically. The calculation of the pressure difference over any preselectable reference period, eg a year, using hourly available weather data for a defined location has already been explained in detail.

All of the illustrated embodiments, some of which are detailed illustrations, have in common that the facade element according to the invention can be designed in two different ways. On the one hand, an enclosing frame profile can be provided for all components of the facade element, with either only transparent glass elements being provided, or transparent areas and additional opaque areas being provided, preferably in the parapet area. On the other hand, two enclosing frame profiles can be provided, one enclosing frame profile for the transparent glass elements and another enclosing frame profile for the opaque area.

In principle, the facade element according to the invention has an air volume in the space between the facades that far exceeds the gas volume of a conventional insulating glass pane. Therefore, the design options for insulating glass panes cannot be transferred to double-shell facade elements and regular regeneration of the desiccant is required, so that all functional elements and in particular the pressure equalization device and drying device must be accessible, maintainable, refurbishable and exchangeable. In addition, the pressure compensation device and the drying device are arranged and dimensioned in such a way that they are not located in a transparent area of the facade element, which has the advantage that they are fully integrated into the area of the surrounding frame profile and are therefore completely hidden from an outside observer.

R eference list

1 facade element

2 outer glass element

3 facade cavity

4 inner glass element

5 sun protection

5' sun protection in the parapet area

6 main frame profile of the enclosing frame profile 6a, 6b main frame profile sections

7 Sub-frame profile of the perimeter frame profile

8 seal

9 connecting screw

10 Outside glazing bead

11 perimeter frame profile

12 transparent area

13 hollow chamber in the main frame profile

14 desiccant

15 opening

16 Desiccant exchange device

17 Pressure equalization subsystem between subframe profile and drying device in the main frame profile

18 Pressure equalization opening 18aInsertion opening

19 desiccant container

20 glazing bead

21 air guide element 23afoil

23b foil

24 insulation bar

25 inner seal of the outer glass element

26 Seal inside the outer glass element

27 sealing Inner expansion joint seal Middle expansion joint seal Outer expansion joint seal Inner seal or inner seal Inner seal of the inner glass element Outer seal Pressure equalization opening Long capillary tube Filter Pressure equalization opening Groove Plastic profile Receiving groove Pressure equalization opening Service opening Connection piece Membrane Cavity Plastic profile gap Plastic profile gap Groove Groove gap Vapor barrier Seal inside of the inner panel Parapet panel (opaque) Outer cover shell of the parapet panel Opaque coating on the room side, inner cover shell of the parapet panel, insulation material on the room side Sealing part Room-side sealing element Inner cavity of the exchange device Plastic profile Hollow chamber Opening Cavity of the desiccant container Filter Pressure equalization opening Indentation Expansion joint Hollow chamber in the sub-frame profile First pressure equalization opening Second pressure equalization opening Corner angle Superior cover Inner cavity of the cover Sleeve Third air equalization opening Inner cavity of the sub-frame profile Desiccant fill Insertion element First wall Second wall Cross bulkhead Opening to the desiccant chamber inner Cavity of the main profile frame a... 112f Opening to the cavity between the facade Distribution pipe a... 116e Outlet opening Pipe casing a... 120e Adjustment opening Shift link guide a, 126b, 126c aperture

Claims

Expectations

A two-shell facade element, comprising: a flat outer glazing element (2) and a flat inner glazing element (4), which are held at a distance from one another in a heat-insulated enclosing frame profile (6, 7); at least one pressure compensation device (80, 13, 35; 41) which is in air-conducting connection to the outside atmosphere and to a facade cavity (3) provided between the outer glazing element (2) and the inner glazing element (4); at least one drying device (80, 19, 13) that can be filled with desiccant (14), which is either arranged in the cavity (3) in the facade or is integrated in the enclosing frame profile (6, 7) and is in air exchange with the cavity (3) in the facade; at least one capillary element (35, 44, 46, 47, 49, 50, 66) being provided which is an integral part of the framing profile (6, 7) and is preferably formed in part by a portion of the framing profile; the pressure compensation device (80, 13, 35; 41) and the drying device (80, 19, 13) are arranged and dimensioned in such a way that they do not extend into a transparent area of the facade element (1); and

- the at least one drying device is designed to allow an exchange of the desiccant, and preferably comprises an exchange opening, which is designed to allow an exchange of the desiccant towards the room side.

2. Two-shell facade element according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one capillary element comprises a membrane (45) with a capillary tube (46), the capillary tube (46) having a length of at most 60 mm and preferably at most 20 mm and particularly preferably at most 10 mm, and an inner diameter of at most 1.5 mm and preferably of at most 1.0mm.

3. Two-shell facade element according to claim 2, characterized in that the at least one capillary element comprises a capillary tube (35) which has a length of at least 200 mm and preferably a membrane or a filter (36) or a sieve at the opening of the capillary tube (35 ) to the outdoor climate.

4. Two-shell facade element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one capillary element comprises a capillary tube (35) which is fully integrated in the enclosing frame profile of the facade element, preferably clipped in the enclosing frame profile.

5. Two-shell facade element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the drying device comprises a desiccant container (19); and the at least one capillary element comprises a capillary tube (35) integrated into the desiccant container.

6. Two-shell facade element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the drying device comprises a desiccant container (19); and the at least one capillary element comprises a capillary tube (46) which is formed from a groove (74) in the desiccant container (19) and a wall of the enclosing frame profile (6).

7. Two-shell facade element according to one of claims 1 or 3, characterized in that the capillary element comprises a groove (38; 53) in the enclosing frame profile (6, 7) and an end profile (49, 66) made of plastic, with between the end profile and at least a cavity (48; 50; 51; 55) is formed in an inner wall of the groove (38; 53).

8. Double-shell facade element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the double-shell facade element further comprises means for reducing vapor diffusion, the means for reducing vapor diffusion comprising wet glazing and/or at least one insulating web (24) for thermal separation in the thermally insulated enclosing frame profile (6) made of a plastic with a high vapor tightness and/or with a coating material (23a, 23b) with a high vapor tightness.

9. Two-shell facade element, comprising: a flat outer glazing element (2) and a flat inner glazing element (4), which are held at a distance from one another in a heat-insulated enclosing frame profile (6, 7); at least one pressure compensation device (80, 13, 35; 41) which is in air-conducting connection to the outside atmosphere and to a facade cavity (3) provided between the outer glazing element (2) and the inner glazing element (4); at least one drying device (80, 19, 13) that can be filled with desiccant (14), which is either arranged in the cavity (3) in the facade or is integrated in the enclosing frame profile (6, 7) and is in air exchange with the cavity (3) in the facade; wherein the two-shell facade element further comprises means for reducing vapor diffusion, wherein the means for reducing vapor diffusion comprise wet glazing and/or at least one insulating web (24) for thermal separation in the thermally insulated enclosing frame profile (6) made of a plastic with high vapor tightness and/or with a coating material (23a, 23b) with high vapor tightness; the pressure compensation device (80, 13, 35; 41) and the drying device (80, 13, 35; 41) are arranged and dimensioned in such a way that they do not extend into a transparent area 12) of the facade element (1); and

10. Two-shell facade element according to claim 9, characterized in that the at least one pressure compensation device is a capillary element (35, 44, 46,

47, 49, 50, 66).

11. Two-shell facade element according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the pressure equalization device comprises a cavity (80) which includes an opening in the facade cavity (3); and the cavity (80) is filled with desiccants (14).

12. Two-shell facade element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an opening in one of the at least one pressure compensation device (80) is in flow connection with a second opening in a cavity (13) that can be filled with desiccant (14) of one of the at least one drying device.

13. Two-shell facade element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drying device comprises a desiccant container which can be filled with desiccant and which can be detachably fastened to the enclosing frame profile (6).

14. Two-shell facade element, comprising: a flat outer glazing element (2) and a flat inner glazing element (4), which are held at a distance from one another in a heat-insulated enclosing frame profile (6, 7);

- at least one pressure compensation device which is in air-conducting connection to the outside atmosphere and to a facade cavity (3) provided between the outer glazing element (2) and the inner glazing element (4), and an air guiding device; whereby

- The pressure loss of the airflow during pressure equalization can be determined and preferably adjusted by the length and/or the cross-sectional dimensions of the airflow device and/or the number of deflections of the airflow flowing through the airflow device; at least one drying device (80, 19, 13) that can be filled with a desiccant bed (98) and is integrated in the enclosing frame profile (6, 7), wherein

- The at least one drying device comprises at least one first opening which is in air-conducting connection to the cavity between the facades;

- the at least one pressure compensation device and the at least one drying device (80, 19, 13) are arranged and dimensioned in such a way that they do not extend into a transparent area of the facade element (1), and

15. Double-leaf facade element, comprising: a flat outer glazing element (2) and a flat inner glazing element (4), which are held at a distance from one another in a heat-insulated enclosing frame profile (6, 7); at least one pressure compensation device, which includes an air-guiding device and is in air-conducting connection to the outside atmosphere and to a facade cavity (3) provided between the outer glazing element (2) and the inner glazing element (4); at least one drying device (80, 19, 13) that can be filled with a desiccant bed (14, 98) and is integrated in the enclosing frame profile (6, 7), the at least one drying device (80, 19, 13) comprising at least one first opening , which is in air-conducting connection to the space between the facades, and at least one second opening, which is in air-conducting connection to the air-guiding device; the pressure loss of the air flow during pressure equalization can be determined and preferably adjusted by the pressure loss when flowing through the at least one drying device and air guiding device; the at least one pressure compensation device and the at least one drying device (80, 19, 13) are arranged and dimensioned in such a way that they do not extend into a transparent area of the facade element (1); and the at least one drying device is designed to allow replacement of the desiccant, and preferably comprises a replacement port designed to allow replacement of the desiccant towards the room side.

16. Two-shell facade element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a desiccant consumption per period of time in Depending on a location of the facade element, the type of desiccant and design features of the facade element can be estimated.

17. Two-shell facade element according to one of claims 14 and 16, characterized in that the air guiding device comprises a cover (88) which can be fastened to the enclosing frame profile (6, 7) and is preferably screwed or clipped onto the sub-frame profile.

18. Two-shell facade element according to claim 17, characterized in that the attachable cover (88) consists of a plastic with adsorption capacity for water,

19. Two-shell facade element according to one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that the air guiding device comprises deflection elements (106) through which a tortuous flow path of the air through the air guiding device (88) can be generated.

20. Two-shell facade element according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the at least one drying device is integrated into cavities of the elements of the enclosing frame profile (6, 7) which are arranged vertically in the installed position.

21. Two-shell facade element according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the at least one drying device is placed both in cavities of the elements of the surrounding frame profile (6, 7) arranged vertically in the installed position and in cavities of the elements of the surrounding frame profile (6 , 7) is integrated.

22. Double-shell facade element according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the double-shell facade element further

Means for reducing vapor diffusion, the means for reducing vapor diffusion comprising wet glazing and/or at least one insulating web (24) for thermal separation in the thermally insulated enclosing frame profile (6) made of a plastic with high vapor tightness and/or with a Coating material (23a, 23b) include with high vapor tightness.

23. Two-shell facade element according to claim 8, 9 or 22, characterized in that the means for reducing vapor diffusion comprise insulating webs (24) which comprise a coating material (23a, 23b) with high vapor tightness, the coating material being applied circumferentially to mitred corners of the enclosing frame profile is, wherein preferably the coating material is applied to the entire frame including miter corners.

24. Two-shell facade element according to one of claims 22 or 23, characterized in that the insulating web (24) is coated with a film of thin stainless steel or butyl, or the insulating web (24) consists of a metal-coated plastic.

25. Two-shell facade element according to one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that the insulating web (24) consists at least partially of polyvinylidene fluoride.

26. Two-shell facade element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the enclosing frame profile (6, 7) comprises a main frame profile (6) and a sub-frame profile (7); the main frame profile (6) and the sub-frame profile (7) being detachably connected to one another via connecting means (9), and the sub-frame profile (7) holding the outer glazing element (2).

27. Two-shell facade element according to claim 23, characterized in that a seal (8) is arranged between the main frame profile (6) and the sub-frame profile (7), the seal preferably being vapour-tight.

28. Two-shell facade element according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that the at least one pressure equalization device (80, 13) is arranged in the main frame profile (6) or in the sub-frame profile (7).

29. Two-shell facade element according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one sun protection device (5) in the facade cavity (3) between the outer glazing element (2) and the inner glazing element (4), wherein the sun protection device (5) is preferably designed to be adaptive.

30. Two-shell facade element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner glazing element (4) comprises either multi-pane insulating glass, preferably with two or three glass panes, or vacuum insulating glass.

31. Two-shell facade element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer glazing element (2) is provided as monoglass, preferably as laminated glass or laminated safety glass, and preferably comprises at least one functional layer (60), particularly preferably a wavelength-selective coating.

32. Double-shell facade element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drying device comprises a cavity that can be filled with desiccant, which is an integral part of the enclosing frame profile (6) and has an exchange opening that is designed to enable the desiccant to be exchanged.

33. Two-shell facade element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one pressure compensation device comprises an elastic profile (66) with at least one opening (68) which is arranged in an air-conducting connection path between the facade cavity (3) and the outside atmosphere.

34. Double-leaf cladding element according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising an opaque inner element (58) and an outer element (2, 60) which are kept spaced apart, the outer element preferably being transparent.

35. Two-shell facade element according to claim 34, characterized in that the opaque inner element (56) and the transparent outer element (2) are held in a further enclosing frame profile.

36. Two-shell facade element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure compensation device (80, 13, 35; 41) and the drying device (80, 19, 13) in the facade cavity (3) by opening or removing the outer glazing element (2) or an opaque outer element (60) or the inner glazing element (4) or an opaque parapet element (56).