EP3807919A1

EP3807919A1 - Insolating switch having two contact parts that can move relative to one another

Info

Publication number: EP3807919A1
Application number: EP19739947.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Mariusz ROHMANN; Dirk SCHRÄDER
Original assignee: Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Current assignee: Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 2018-08-03
Filing date: 2019-07-03
Publication date: 2021-04-21
Also published as: DE102018213028A1; CN112534533A; WO2020025242A1; BR112021001540A2; DE102018213028B4; CN112534533B

Abstract

The invention relates to an isolating switch (1) comprising two contact parts (7, 8) that can move relative to one another between two end positions. A first contact part (7) has a first main contact (9) and a first auxiliary contact (11) arranged rigidly on the first contact part (7). The second contact part (8) has a second main contact (19), a second auxiliary contact (21) rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation (25), and a restoring spring (23) which exerts a restoring torque on the second auxiliary contact (21) with a deflection of the second auxiliary contact (21) out of a starting position. In a first end position of the contact parts (7, 8), the two main contacts (9, 19) and the two auxiliary contacts (11, 21) are separated from one another. In the second end position of the contact parts (7, 8), the two main contacts (9, 19) are in contact with one another and the two auxiliary contacts (11, 21) are separated from one another.

Description

description

Share disconnector with two contacts that are movable relative to each other

The invention relates to a disconnector with two between two end positions relatively movable contact parts len.

Disconnectors, which are also called disconnectors, are used to disconnect and close current paths, particularly in the high-voltage range. Usually instructs

Disconnector at least one contact part, which is movable to disconnect and close a current path, there are different versions of the contact parts ver. For example, a disconnector can be designed as a rotary isolator, lever isolator, toggle isolator, single pivot isolator, double pivot isolator or pantograph isolator. The current path is closed by bringing main contacts into contact with one another by moving at least one contact part, and by opening the main contacts. In order to protect the main contacts from arcing by arcing, a disconnector is sometimes additionally provided with auxiliary contacts with which the same current path as the main contacts can be opened and closed, especially if the disconnector is also used for switching at higher currents, for example commutation currents , is interpreted.

The invention has for its object to provide a circuit breaker with improved auxiliary contacts.

The object is achieved by a disconnector with the features of claim 1.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. An isolating switch according to the invention has two contact parts which can be moved relative to one another between two end positions. A first contact part has a first main contact and a first auxiliary contact. The second contact part has a second main contact, a second auxiliary contact rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation and a restoring spring which exerts a restoring torque on the second auxiliary contact when the second auxiliary contact is deflected from an initial position. In a first end position of the contact parts, the two main contacts are separated from one another and the two auxiliary contacts are also separated from one another. In the second end position of the contact parts, the two main contacts contact one another and the two auxiliary contacts are separated from one another.

The auxiliary contacts are designed to open and close the same current path as the main contacts. Through the

Auxiliary contacts can prevent the main contacts from being damaged by arcing by taking over possible arcs from the auxiliary contacts when opening and closing the disconnector. The return spring enables the second auxiliary contact to snap back into its starting position after the auxiliary contacts have been separated by the restoring torque of the return spring. The high switching speed of this snap-back immediately extinguishes an arc that can be caused by a break in the contact between the auxiliary contacts, so that there is hardly any contact erosion on the auxiliary contacts. In contrast, in a passive auxiliary contact system in which the auxiliary contacts always move at the same relative speed as the contact parts, an arc would burn much longer, since the auxiliary contacts only move slowly away from each other. The separation of the auxiliary contacts in the second end position also advantageously prevents the auxiliary contacts from being damaged in the event of a short circuit, for example.

In one embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary contacts are designed and arranged in such a way that, in the case of a relative movement of the contact parts from the first end position to the second end position, the auxiliary contacts contact one another before the main contacts contact one another, and are separated from one another after the main contacts contact one another, and that in the event of a relative movement of the contact parts from the second end position to the first In the end position, the auxiliary contacts contact each other before the main contacts are disconnected, and are disconnected after the main contacts are disconnected.

The aforementioned embodiment of the invention prevents damage to the main contacts by arcs when closing the isolating switch by the auxiliary contacts contacting one another in front of the main contacts, so that the main contacts can contact each other without voltage and no arcs occur between them. When the disconnector is opened, arcs between the main contacts are also avoided, since the auxiliary contacts still contact each other when the main contacts are separated.

Further refinements of the invention provide that the first auxiliary contact is made of stainless steel and / or that the second auxiliary contact is made of copper. These embodiments of the invention take advantage of the above-mentioned rapid switching speed of the second auxiliary contact, which leads to arcs between the auxiliary contacts quickly extinguishing. Due to the rapid extinction of the arcs, the auxiliary contacts are less stressed by arcs than in passive auxiliary contact systems. Therefore, the auxiliary contacts do not need to be made from expensive special materials, which contain tungsten, for example, but can be made from inexpensive materials such as stainless steel and copper.

Further refinements of the invention provide that the first auxiliary contact has an outer surface which is at least convex in the vicinity of an area in which the auxiliary contacts contact one another and / or that the second auxiliary contact has a tapered end region facing away from the axis of rotation, at which the first auxiliary contact contacts the second auxiliary contact. These refinements of the invention, in conjunction with the restoring moment of the restoring spring, allow the auxiliary contacts to slide on one another without jumping or bouncing of the auxiliary contacts and thereby prevent a break between contacts between the auxiliary contacts when they contact one another, so that no re-ignition occurs due to a break in the contact.

A further embodiment of the invention provides that a main contact has at least one contact pair of electrically conductive main contact elements spaced apart from one another and the other main contact in the second end position of the contact parts bears against the two main contact elements of each contact pair. In particular, the two main contact elements of each contact pair of the one main contact can be arranged so as to be spring-loaded relative to one another and a section of the other main contact can be arranged in the second end position between the two main contact elements of each contact pair. These embodiments of the inven tion enable reliable contact between the main contacts, in particular by pinching one

Main contact between at least two main contact elements of the other main contact.

A further embodiment of the invention provides that one contact part is movable and the other contact part is arranged in a stationary manner. For example, the isolating switch can be used as a lever isolator, toggle lever isolator, single swivel isolator,

Double swivel separator or pantograph separator can be formed.

An alternative embodiment of the invention to the aforementioned embodiment provides that both contact parts can be moved. For example, the disconnector is designed as a rotary isolator. The aforementioned configurations of the invention are possible since the auxiliary contact system according to the invention is independent of which contact part is movable and can also be used if both contact parts are movable.

The above-described characteristics, features and advantages of this invention, as well as the manner in which they are achieved, will become clearer and more clearly understood in connection with the following description of exemplary embodiments, which are explained in connection with the drawings. Show:

1 shows a disconnector with two contact parts which can be moved relative to one another,

2 shows a perspective illustration of the contact parts in a first end position,

3 shows a perspective view of the contact parts in a first intermediate position when the disconnector is closed,

4 shows a perspective view of the contact parts in a second intermediate position when the disconnector is closed,

5 shows a perspective illustration of the contact parts in a second end position,

6 shows a perspective view of the contact parts in a first intermediate position when the disconnector is opened,

7 shows a perspective view of the contact parts in a second intermediate position when the disconnector is opened. Corresponding parts are provided in the figures with the same reference numerals.

Figure 1 shows schematically a circuit breaker ter 1 according to the invention, which is designed as a single-pivot disconnector. The isolating switch 1 has a first insulator column 5 which can be rotated about a pivot axis 3 and a second insulator column 6. At an upper end of the first insulator column 5, a first contact part 7 is arranged, which is designed as a contact arm which can be pivoted between two end positions by rotating the first insulator column 5 about the pivot axis 3 for opening and closing the isolating switch 1. At a top end of the second insulator column 5, a fixed two contact part 8 is arranged. In a first end position, the first contact part 7 is pivoted away from the second contact part 8 and thereby separated from the second contact part 8, whereby the disconnector 1 is opened. In the second end position shown in Figure 1, the second contact part 8 is contacted by the first contact part 7 and the isolating switch 1 is closed.

Figures 2 to 7 show the two contact parts 7, 8 in different positions.

Figure 2 shows the contact parts 7, 8 in the first end position, in which the disconnector 1 is open. The first contact part 7 has a first main contact 9 and a first auxiliary contact 11. The first main contact 9 has three contact pairs 13 spaced apart electrically conductive main contact elements 15, 16. Each main contact element 15, 16 is designed like a rail, for example made of copper and arranged in a guide rail 17. The two main contact elements 15, 16 of each contact pair 13 are arranged displaceably against one another in a spring-loaded manner, where the spring loading is effected by a spring element 18 which is arranged between the guide rails 17.

The first auxiliary contact 11 is in the form of a cylindrical noble Steel body formed, which is arranged rigidly on a guide rail ne 17 above the first main contact 9.

The second contact part 8 has a second main contact 19, a second auxiliary contact 21 and a return spring 23. The second auxiliary contact 21 is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation 25 and coupled to the return spring 23. The return spring 23 exerts a restoring torque on the second auxiliary contact 21 when the second auxiliary contact 21 is deflected from an initial position shown in FIG. The second main contact 19 and the second auxiliary contact 21 are arranged on a holding plate 27. At the second Hauptkon clock 19, an expanding wedge 29 is arranged, which faces the first main contact 9. The second auxiliary contact 21 is made of copper and has an end region 31 that tapers away from the axis of rotation 25. The second main contact 19 is designed as a copper plate. The expansion wedge 29 is made of a plastic. In the first end position shown in FIG. 1, the auxiliary contacts 11, 21 and the main contacts 9, 19 are separated from one another.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show the contact parts 7, 8 in two successive intermediate positions when the disconnector 1 is closed, in which the first contact part 7 is pivoted from the first end position shown in FIG. 1 into the second end position shown in FIG. 5. When the disconnector 1 closes, the two auxiliary contacts 11, 21 first contact one another, while the two main contacts 9, 19 are still separated from one another. The first auxiliary contact 11 strikes the end region 31 of the second auxiliary contact 21 and then rotates the second auxiliary contact 21 about the axis of rotation 25 as a result of the pivoting movement of the first contact part 7. The auxiliary contacts 11, 21 close the same current path as the main contacts 9, 19.

Figure 3 shows a first intermediate position when the disconnector 1 is closed, in which the second auxiliary contact 21 through the first auxiliary contact 11 is rotated by approximately 45 degrees, the two main contacts 9, 19 not yet contacting one another.

Then the two main contacts 9, 19 contact each other, while the two auxiliary contacts 11, 21 are still in contact. The expanding wedge 29 and the two main contacts 29 move between the main contact elements 15, 16 of the first main contact 9, the main contact elements 15, 16 of the individual contact pairs 13 being pushed apart one after the other by the expanding wedge 29 and then opposite edges of the second one Contact main contact 19. Since the current path via the auxiliary contacts 11, 21 is already closed before the main contacts 9, 19 contact each other, the main contacts 9, 19 can approach each other without voltage, without the main contacts 9, 19 being damaged by an arc.

FIG. 4 shows a second intermediate position when the isolating switch 1 is closed, in which the second auxiliary contact 21 is rotated by almost 90 degrees through the first auxiliary contact 11, which still contact one another in the auxiliary contacts 11, 21, and the two main contacts 9, 19 contact one another , but not all main contact elements 15, 16 of the first main contact 9 yet contact the second main contact 19.

When the first contact part 7 is pivoted further to the second end position, the second main contact 19 moves further into the first main contact 9 and the two auxiliary contacts 11, 21 separate from one another. After the separation of the auxiliary contacts 11, 21, the second auxiliary contact 21 snaps back into its starting position by the restoring moment of the return spring 23.

Figure 5 shows the contact parts 7, 8 in the second end position. In the second end position, all main contact elements 15, 16 of the first main contact 9 rest on the second main contact 19, the auxiliary contacts 11, 21 are mutually disconnects and the second auxiliary contact 21 assumes its starting position. Since the auxiliary contacts 11, 21 are separated from one another in the second end position, they are not damaged, for example, in the event of a short circuit.

Figures 6 and 7 show the contact parts 7, 8 in two successive intermediate positions when opening the circuit breaker 1, in which the first contact part 7 is pivoted from the second end position shown in Figure 5 into the first end position shown in Figure 1. When opening the disconnector 1, the two auxiliary contacts 11, 21 contact one another, while the two main contacts 9, 19 are still in contact. The first auxiliary contact 11 in turn strikes the end region 31 of the second auxiliary contact 21 and then turns due to the pivoting movement of the first contact part 7, the second auxiliary contact 21 about the axis of rotation 25 in a direction opposite to the direction when the isolating switch 1 is closed ,

Figure 6 shows a first intermediate position when the disconnector 1 is opened, in which the second auxiliary contact 21 is rotated by approximately 45 degrees by the first auxiliary contact 11, the two main contacts 9, 19 still contacting one another, but not all the main contact elements 15, 16 of the first main contact 9 contact the second main contact 19

Then the two main contacts 9, 19 separate from one another, while the two auxiliary contacts 11, 21 are still in contact.

FIG. 7 shows a second intermediate position when the disconnector 1 is opened, in which the second auxiliary contact 21 is rotated by almost 90 degrees by the first auxiliary contact 11, which still contact one another in the auxiliary contacts 11, 21, and the two main contacts 9, 19 are separated from one another are. The contact pressure generated via the return spring 23 prevents the auxiliary contacts 11, 21 from jumping or bouncing while the auxiliary contacts 11, 21 slide on one another and prevents them This causes a break in the contact so that there is no reignition due to a break in the contact. When the first auxiliary contact 11 has almost expired from the second auxiliary contact 21, the main contacts 9, 19 are far enough apart from one another that they also do not cause re-ignition.

When the first contact part 7 is pivoted further to the first end position, the two auxiliary contacts 11, 21 also separate. After the separation of the auxiliary contacts 11, 21, the second auxiliary contact 21 snaps back into its initial position by the restoring moment of the return spring 23. The high switching speed of this snap-back extinguishes an arc, which is caused by a break in the contact between the auxiliary contacts 11, 21, so that there is hardly any contact erosion on the auxiliary contacts 11, 21.

The time periods during which the auxiliary contacts 11, 21 contact each other when closing and opening the disconnector 1 can be adjusted by the diameter of the first auxiliary contact 11 and the length of the second auxiliary contact 21. The switching speed of the second auxiliary contact 21, that is, the speed of the snap-back of the second auxiliary contact 21, can be adjusted by the design of the return spring 23. The times at which the auxiliary contacts 11, 21 contact each other when closing and opening the isolating switch 1 can be adjusted by the arrangement of the auxiliary contacts 11, 21 on the contact parts 7, 8.

The exemplary embodiment of a disconnector 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 7 can be modified in various ways to further exemplary embodiments. For example, the disconnector 1 can be designed as a double-pivot disconnector which has a rotatable first insulator column 5 with two first contact parts 7 and two second insulator columns 6, each with a second contact part 8, so that the second contact parts 8 of a first contact part 7 each by rotating the first insulator column 5 can be contacted. Furthermore, the second contact part 8 can be movable and the first contact part 7 can be arranged stationary, or both contact parts 7, 8 can be movable. Furthermore, analogous to the auxiliary contacts 11, 21 in FIGS. 2 to 7 can be arranged on another type of isolating switch, for example on a rotary isolator, lever isolator, toggle lever isolator or pantograph isolator.

Although the invention has been illustrated and described in detail by means of preferred exemplary embodiments, the invention is not restricted by the disclosed examples and other variations can be derived therefrom by a person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

claims

1. Disconnector (1) with two between two end positions re relatively movable contact parts (7, 8), wherein

a first contact part (7) has a first main contact (9) and a first auxiliary contact (11),

- The second contact part (8) has a second main contact (19), a second one rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation (25)

Auxiliary contact (21) and a restoring spring (23), which exerts a restoring moment on the second auxiliary contact (21) when the second auxiliary contact (21) is deflected from an initial position,

- In a first end position of the contact parts (7, 8) the two main contacts (9, 19) are separated from one another and the two auxiliary contacts (11, 21) are separated from one another and

- In the second end position of the contact parts (7, 8) which contact each other in the main contacts (9, 19) and which are separated from one another in the auxiliary contacts (11, 21).

2. Disconnector (1) according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary contacts te (11, 21) are designed and arranged such that with a relative movement of the contact parts (7, 8) from the first

End position in the second end position, the auxiliary contacts (11, 21) contact each other before the main contacts (9, 19) contact each other, and are separated after the main contacts (9, 19) contact each other, and that with a relative movement of the contact parts (7, 8) from the second end position to the first end position, the auxiliary contacts (11, 21) contact each other before the main contacts (9, 19) are separated from one another and are separated from one another after the main contacts (9, 19 ) are separated from each other.

3. Disconnector (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first auxiliary contact (11) is made of a stainless steel.

4. Disconnector (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second auxiliary contact (21) is made of copper.

5. Disconnector (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first auxiliary contact (11) has an outer surface which is convex at least in the vicinity of an area in which the auxiliary contacts (11, 21) contact each other.

6. Disconnector (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second auxiliary contact (21) has a tapering end region (31) facing away from the axis of rotation (25), on which the first auxiliary contact (11) contacts the second auxiliary ( 21) contacted.

7. Disconnector (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a main contact (9, 19) at least one contact

pair (13) of electrically conductive main contact elements (15, 16) spaced from one another and the other main contact (19, 9) in the second end position of the contact parts (7, 8) on the two main contact elements (15, 16) of each contact pair (13 ) is present.

8. isolating switch (1) according to claim 7, wherein the two main contact elements (15, 16) of each contact pair (13) of the one main contact (9, 19) are arranged against each other spring-loaded sliding bar and a portion of the other main contact (19, 9 ) in the second end position between the two

Main contact elements (15, 16) of each contact pair (13) is arranged.

9. Disconnector (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a contact part (7, 8) is movable and the other contact part Kon (8, 7) is arranged stationary.

10. isolating switch (1) according to claim 9, wherein the isolating switch ter (1) as a lever disconnector, toggle lever separator, single Swivel separator, double swivel separator or pantograph separator is formed.

11. Disconnector (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein both contact parts (7, 8) are movable.

12. isolating switch (1) according to claim 11, wherein the isolating switch ter (1) is designed as a rotary isolator.