EP3696338B1 - Shuttering unit with connecting element, parts set for constructing shuttering and shuttering for forming a cast concrete element - Google Patents

Description

Field of invention

The invention relates to a formwork unit with a connecting element, a set of parts for constructing a formwork and a formwork for forming a cast concrete element according to the respective claim.

background

It is known to use lost formwork in concrete construction to formwork areas in which a cast concrete element is to be formed. In this context, the formwork is referred to as “lost” because it remains in the concrete element after casting. Before the actual casting process, formwork panels must be positioned and fastened in such a way that the desired shape of the element to be built is achieved. The cast concrete element can be ceilings, door or window reveals, recesses, etc. Due to the wide range of applications related to the geometric shapes of the concrete element, materials of other components, fastening options for the formwork panels, etc., a case-specific approach must be taken when setting up formwork. In addition, possible obstacles that stand in the way of fastening the formwork must also be taken into account.

The Korean patent KR 101 818 889 B1 discloses a mold panel assembly and mold building method which are configured to assemble rectangular frames of a molded panel with a pair of horizontal reinforcing bars and with a vertical reinforcing bar, thereby enabling strong and easy engagement of engaging elements through a plurality of wedge pins with pin holes.

Presentation of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a flexible, universally applicable fastening option for formwork, which is at the same time advantageous in terms of efficiency and speed of construction.

The task is solved with the devices according to the independent claims.

Accordingly, a first aspect of the invention relates to a formwork unit comprising a connecting element and a first formwork panel. The connecting element is designed to connect at least the first formwork panel to another structural unit during a concreting process. The connecting element comprises at least a first connecting leg which can be inserted in a form-fitting manner into a receptacle of the first shuttering panel and can be displaced parallel along the longitudinal side along the active surface of the shuttering panel up to a designated end position, at least a first fixing opening and at least a first wedge-shaped fixing element which is used for non-positively fixing the connecting element on the first formwork plate can be inserted and locked in the first fixing opening. The formwork plate has at least one receptacle, the receptacle being designed as a groove in the formwork plate or as a profile attached to the effective surface of the formwork plate, and a bottom or diameter of the receptacle being wider than a longitudinal opening of the receptacle. A connecting leg assigned to the receptacle Connecting element is designed as a positive counterpart to the receptacle.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the connecting element comprises at least one receiving opening for receiving a holding element which serves as an intermediate element for connecting the at least one first formwork panel to the further structural unit.

• bei einer U-förmigen Aufnahmeöffnung ist das Profil L-förmig;
• bei einer kreisförmigen Aufnahmeöffnung ist das Profil T-förmig, U-förmig, rundrohrförmig oder rechteckrohrförmig;
• bei einer viereckigen Aufnahmeöffnung ist das Profil rundrohrförmig oder rechteckrohrförmig;

bei einer dreieckigen Aufnahmeöffnung ist das Profil rundrohrförmig.In a second aspect of the invention, a set of parts is claimed. It comprises a formwork unit according to the first aspect of the invention and a holding element. The holding element is a profile with at least two legs, which is preferably rotatably accommodated with one leg in the U-shaped or circular or triangular or square receiving opening of the connecting element. Depending on the shape of the receiving opening, the profile can have one or more shapes:

• with a U-shaped receiving opening, the profile is L-shaped;
• with a circular receiving opening, the profile is T-shaped, U-shaped, round tube-shaped or rectangular tube-shaped;
• With a square receiving opening, the profile is round-tube-shaped or rectangular-tube-shaped;

With a triangular receiving opening, the profile is round tube-shaped.

• eine Anzahl von Abschalungseinheiten gemäss dem ersten Aspekt der Erfindung, und
• eine Anzahl von Halteelementen, bevorzugt Winkelprofile.

A third aspect of the invention relates to a set of parts for constructing a formwork for the formation of a cast concrete element. The parts set includes in one embodiment

• a number of formwork units according to the first aspect of the invention, and
• a number of holding elements, preferably angle profiles.

A fourth aspect of the invention deals with formwork to form a cast concrete element. This includes at least one formwork unit according to the first aspect of the invention with mounted holding elements.

The formwork according to the fourth aspect of the invention is preferably used as lost formwork for ceilings, walls and floor slabs made of concrete, as lost formwork as a repair panel, as door formwork, as window formwork or as a recess.

An advantage of the invention is the flexibility in terms of adaptation to different construction conditions; the connecting element of the formwork unit according to the first aspect of the invention is designed in such a way that, on the one hand, it provides a positive connection that is infinitely adjustable in the direction of interest, so that any end position can be set in order to avoid obstacles such as reinforcing bars in concrete walls or recesses, and on the other hand, provides a non-positive connection for fixing the connecting element in its end position. Furthermore, the increased flexibility with regard to the other aspects of the invention is also given by the fact that various kits are provided, which offer advantages depending on the application. There is also increased effectiveness here because work steps can be saved if the kit is chosen appropriately.

A further advantage of the invention is that two shuttering panels can be positively and non-positively coupled with the connecting element at an angle of 180° or at an angle ≠ 180°, preferably 90°, and the connecting element can simultaneously accommodate a holding element, which ensures stable shuttering as well enables efficient assembly.

Brief description of the drawings

• Fig. 1 eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung eines Bauabschnitts zum Bau einer Betondecke unter Einsatz der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung,
• Fig. 2 eine Draufsicht einer Ausführungsform eines Verbindungselements,
• Fig. 3 bis 5 Draufsichten weiterer Ausführungsformen des Verbindungselements aus Fig. 2,
• Fig. 6 und 7 Draufsichten von Verbindungselementen mit eingeführten Halteelementen,
• Fig. 6a und 6b perspektivische Darstellungen weiterer Ausführungsformen des Verbindungselements,
• Fig. 8 eine perspektivische Darstellung des Verbindungselements aus Fig. 2 mit eingeführten Fixierungselementen,
• Fig. 9 eine perspektivische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform des Verbindungselements als Inneneckverbindungselement mit eingeführten Fixierungselementen,
• Fig. 10 drei Momentaufnahmen einer Sequenz zur Befestigung eines Verbindungselements an einer Abschalungsplatte,
• Fig. 11 eine perspektivische Darstellung der Sequenz aus Fig. 10,
• Fig. 12 drei Momentaufnahmen einer Sequenz zur Befestigung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines Verbindungselements an einer Abschalungsplatte,
• Fig. 13 eine perspektivische Darstellung der Sequenz aus Fig. 12,
• Fig. 14 bis 20 Querschnittsansichten verschiedener Ausführungsformen von erfindungsgemässen Abschalungseinheiten mit in Abschalungsplatten eingeführten Verbindungsschenkeln des Verbindungselements,
• Fig. 21 und 22 eine Querschnittsansicht bzw. eine perspektivische Ansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemässen Abschalungseinheit mit einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines Verbindungsschenkels des Verbindungselements,
• Fig. 23 perspektivische Darstellungen verschiedener Ausführungsformen von Verbindungseinheiten,
• Fig. 24 eine perspektivische Darstellung des Details C aus Fig. 1,
• Fig. 25 eine perspektivische Darstellung des Details B aus Fig. 1,
• Fig. 26 eine perspektivische Darstellung des Details D aus Fig. 1,
• Fig. 27 eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Anwendungsbeispiels der Erfindung,
• Fig. 28 eine perspektivische Darstellung des Details E aus Fig. 27, und
• Fig. 29 bis 31 perspektivische Darstellungen weiterer Anwendungsbeispiele der Erfindung.

Further refinements, advantages and applications of the invention result from the dependent claims and from the following description based on the figures. Show:

• Fig. 1 a schematic perspective view of a construction phase for building a concrete ceiling using the device according to the invention,
• Fig. 2 a top view of an embodiment of a connecting element,
• Fig. 3 to 5 Top views of further embodiments of the connecting element Fig. 2 ,
• Figs. 6 and 7 Top views of connecting elements with inserted holding elements,
• 6a and 6b perspective views of further embodiments of the connecting element,
• Fig. 8 a perspective view of the connecting element Fig. 2 with inserted fixing elements,
• Fig. 9 a perspective view of a further embodiment of the connecting element as an inner corner connecting element with inserted fixing elements,
• Fig. 10 three snapshots of a sequence for attaching a connecting element to a formwork panel,
• Fig. 11 a perspective view of the sequence Fig. 10 ,
• Fig. 12 three snapshots of a sequence for attaching a further embodiment of a connecting element to a formwork panel,
• Fig. 13 a perspective view of the sequence Fig. 12 ,
• Fig. 14 to 20 Cross-sectional views of various embodiments of shuttering units according to the invention with connecting legs of the connecting element inserted into shuttering panels,
• Fig. 21 and 22 a cross-sectional view or a perspective view of a further embodiment of a formwork unit according to the invention with a further embodiment of a connecting leg of the connecting element,
• Fig. 23 perspective representations of various embodiments of connection units,
• Fig. 24 a perspective view of detail C Fig. 1 ,
• Fig. 25 a perspective view of detail B Fig. 1 ,
• Fig. 26 a perspective view of detail D Fig. 1 ,
• Fig. 27 a perspective view of an application example of the invention,
• Fig. 28 a perspective view of detail E Fig. 27 , and
• Fig. 29 to 31 perspective views of further application examples of the invention.

Ways of carrying out the invention

In this document, “longitudinal” refers to the effective surface that is crucial for the function of the formwork panel. Lateral refers to the area that is not relevant to the function of the formwork panel, in other words to the thickness of the formwork panel.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a construction phase for building a concrete ceiling using the device according to the invention. In this context, it should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the term “device” according to the invention is always referred to in the text when there are several alternative options for using the invention. These options are reflected in the independent claims.

In Fig. 1 A typical application of the present invention for a building structure 24 is shown, namely the preparation for constructing a ceiling for a room (further examples of application of the invention are shown in Fig. 27, 29 , 30 shown). For reasons of clarity, only two brick walls 21 of the room are shown (although concrete walls are also possible). A support structure for the concrete ceiling to be cast is erected in the room, which includes vertical support posts 22 and horizontal supports 23, in this case double-T beams. On the horizontal supports 23 there are plates 20 of a supporting structural unit for the ceiling to be cast. Formwork panels 2, 2a, 2b are placed on the brick wall 21 and are attached to the panels 20 by means of connecting elements 1 and holding elements 3. These serve to shape the side of the ceiling, while the plates 20 serve to shape the bottom of the ceiling.

Rectangles B, C, D indicate detailed views of typical types of connection using the present invention, described in detail later.

Fig. 2 shows a top view of the preferred embodiment of a connecting element 1 in a typical delivery form with the associated fixing elements 7 and a stopper 10, which will be discussed later in connection with Fig. 14 to 20 is described. Practically, all elements are connected to one another by means of predetermined breaking connecting webs 7a and can be separated for use by breaking off the webs. In this embodiment, the connecting element 1 is essentially trapezoidal and has a first and a second connecting leg 1a, 1b. The connecting leg 1a has the fixing openings 6a and 6b, the connecting leg 1b has the fixing opening 6c. The fixing openings are intended to interact with a fixing element 7 in order to fasten the connecting element 1 to a formwork panel 2 in a force-fitting manner. For this purpose, the fixing element 7 is inserted into the fixing opening 6a, 6b, 6c and locked. With the connecting leg 1a and the fixing openings 6a and 6b, two formwork panels 2 can be connected laterally in a positive and non-positive manner, which is related to Fig. 25 is described in more detail. With the two connecting legs 1a, 1b and the fixing openings 6a, 6c, a corner connection can be realized, which is related to Fig. 26 is described in more detail. Furthermore, the connecting element 1 has a receiving opening 8 for a holding element 3. Each fixing element 7 has a barb 11 so that it does not fall out of the fixing opening 6a, 6b, 6c after insertion.

Fig. 3 to 5 show top views of further embodiments of the connecting element Fig. 2 with different receiving openings 8, which in Fig. 3 square, in Fig. 4 triangular and in Fig. 5 is circular.

Figs. 6 and 7 show top views of connecting elements 1 with inserted holding elements 3. Here is in Fig. 6 the receiving opening 8 is C-shaped or U-shaped and in Fig. 7 circular. Depending on the holding element 3 to be used, different connecting elements 1 and vice versa can be used. Preferably, the receiving opening 8 is designed such that the holding element 3 with a holding leg can be at least partially rotated therein.

In Fig. 6 The holding element 3 is L-shaped and can be rotated through 90° in the receiving opening, as can be seen from the figure. The inner leg surfaces of the profile slide on the formation that projects into the receiving opening. The end positions are defined by the stop surfaces shown in the receiving opening below.

In Fig. 7 the holding element 3 is a square profile, which, in conjunction with the circular receiving opening 8, makes a complete 360 ° or endless rotation of the holding element 3 possible.

The rotatability of the holding element 3 is fundamentally desirable in the present invention, since it represents a good means of adjusting the position of the second leg 3b of the holding element 3 with regard to possible obstacles in the assembly position and for the transport of an assembled formwork element.

6a and 6b show perspective views of further embodiments of the connecting element.

In Fig. 6a the connecting element 1 is trapezoidal and two of its sides are formed by the first connecting leg 1a and a second connecting leg 1b. Another two sides of the square each form an additional connecting leg 1c, 1d for connecting two formwork panels (2, 2b) at a different angle (eg 70°, 80° or 120°).

Furthermore, this embodiment shows an example of the arrangement of two receiving openings 8, which here have the same shape as in Fig. 6 have. Two receiving openings 8 can also be provided in other embodiments. In an embodiment not shown here, two T-shaped or L-shaped receiving openings 8 are provided, which are rotated relative to one another, in particular rotated by 90° relative to one another. Advantageously, in a formwork unit 14 with a pre-assembled holding element 3 for transport, the holding element 3 can be stored in one of the L-shaped openings, so that the holding element 3 rests against the formwork plate 2 (and therefore does not interfere). For installation, the holding element 3 can be inserted into the second L-shaped receiving opening so that it now projects vertically away from the formwork panel.

In Fig. 6b the connecting element 1 is triangular. Two of its sides are formed by the first connecting leg 1a and a second connecting leg 1b and a third side of the triangle forms an additional connecting leg 1c for connecting two formwork panels (2, 2b) at a different angle (e.g. 30°, 45° or 60° ).

In both embodiments 6a and 6b is the additional connecting leg 1c or are the additional connecting legs 1c, 1d each assigned an additional fixing opening 6a and an additional fixing element 7 for non-positively fixing the connecting element 1 to the formwork panel or panels. Furthermore, in both embodiments, additional fixing openings 6b common to two adjacent connecting legs are provided.

Fig. 8 shows a perspective view of the connecting element Fig. 2 with inserted fixation elements 7. The fixation elements are preferably wedge-shaped to enable a force-fitting connection to a formwork panel. This will be discussed in detail Fig. 24 explained.

Fig. 9 shows a perspective view of a further embodiment of the connecting element 1 as an inner corner connecting element with inserted fixing elements 7. This is explained in detail in connection with the recess in Fig. 29 explained. The connecting element continues to be found Fig. 9 Also used on the inside corners of a ceiling edge formwork.

10 and 11 show a fastening variant of a connecting element 1 on a formwork panel 2, once as a side view of three snapshots of a fastening sequence and once as a perspective view of the fastening sequence.

In this embodiment of the connecting element 1, the connecting leg 1a forms a bayonet connection with the associated receptacle 9 of the formwork plate 2. It is noted that this embodiment is in contrast to, for example, the trapezoidal embodiment Fig. 2 only has one connecting leg. The connecting leg 1a can be inserted into the receptacle 9 in a first position parallel or transversely to the formwork plate 2, which corresponds to the left-hand position in the figures. In this embodiment, in contrast to the embodiment Fig. 2 the connecting element not only laterally through the opening at reference 9 ( Fig. 11 ) into the receptacle 9, but also directly through the upper slot-shaped opening of the receptacle 9. By rotating within shot 9 (middle view of 10 and 11 ), the connecting element 1 can be moved into a second position in which it is positively connected to the receptacle 9 in a direction transverse to the formwork panel 2, so that the connecting leg 1a can only be removed transversely to the formwork panel 2 by rotation back to the first position is possible. In other words, the connecting element cannot be removed perpendicular to the formwork panel 2 in this position. It is noted that the second position produces the positive connection, but the connecting element 1 can still be moved back and forth in the receptacle, which applies to all embodiments of the connecting element 1. Only by using the fixing elements 7 is the non-positive connection with the formwork panel established, which also prevents the said displacement. This latter fixation is in the right view 10 and 11 shown.

12 and 13 show a fastening variant of a further embodiment of the connecting element 1 on a formwork panel 2, once as a side view of three snapshots of a fastening sequence and once as a perspective view of the fastening sequence. The connecting element 1 comprises a first part t1 and a second part t2, which are displaceable against one another and into engagement with one another. For a positive connection to the formwork panel 2, the first part t1 can be hooked into the receptacle 9 of the formwork panel 2, and the second part t2 can be inserted into the receptacle 9 on the opposite surface and transversely to the formwork panel 2.

The embodiments Fig. 10 to 13 On the one hand, they show connection options for connecting elements 1 with a formwork panel 2. On the other hand, they are also intended to illustrate the formwork unit 14 according to the invention. This typically includes several connecting elements 1 and a formwork plate 2. The formwork plate 2 typically has several receptacles 9 which, as mentioned, act as a groove ( Fig. 12 to 20 ) in the formwork panel 2 or as a profile 9b attached to the surface of the formwork panel 2 ( Fig. 10, 11 ) are designed. The recordings 9 are therefore elongated channels which are parallel at certain distances from one another along the entire length expansion of the formwork panel. The connecting elements 1 are pre-assembled in one or more receptacles 9 of the formwork unit 14 in a non-positive manner.

Fig. 14 to 20 show cross-sectional views of various embodiments of shuttering units 14 according to the invention with connecting legs 1a of the connecting element 1 according to the invention inserted into shuttering panels 2. In these embodiments, the connecting leg 1a is shaped in such a way that it can only be inserted laterally and parallel to the shuttering panel 2 into the assigned receptacle 9 or out of the assigned one Recording 9 is removable.

In these figures, the positive connection of the connecting element 1 to the formwork panel 2 in the direction of arrow U is also particularly clear. For this purpose, in all embodiments of the formwork panel, a bottom 9c or diameter 9e of the receptacle 9 is wider than a longitudinal opening 9d of the receptacle 9. A connecting leg 1a of the connecting element 1 assigned to the receptacle 9 is designed as a positive counterpart to the receptacle 9. In these embodiments, the connecting element 1 can only be removed laterally from the receptacle 9.

To explain the non-positive connection, see Fig. 14 a fixing element 7 is shown, which is to be considered as being inserted into the fixing opening 6a of the connecting element. As can be seen in the figure, when the fixing element 7 is inserted or driven in (represented by the force F), the normal force on the formwork plate 2 is increased, which, due to the small upper opening of the receptacle 9, leads to an increase in the static friction force between the inner surfaces of the formwork plate 2 Recording 9 and the outer surfaces of the connecting leg 1a leads. If the fixing wedge 7 is driven in sufficiently far, movement of the connecting element 1 in the receptacle 9 becomes impossible. To release the frictional connection, or with In other words, to return the non-positive and positive connection to a purely positive connection, which allows the connecting element to be displaced in the receptacle 9, a force is exerted on the fixing element in the opposite direction to arrow F.

Fig. 21 and 22 show a cross-sectional view or a perspective view of a further embodiment of a formwork unit according to the invention with a further embodiment of a connecting leg of the connecting element, once as a side view of three snapshots of a fastening sequence and once as a perspective view of the fastening sequence. The at least one connecting leg is designed as a clip fastener K with two interacting connecting leg parts 9a and 9f. The connecting element 1 can be pressed into the receptacle 9 transversely to the formwork plate 2 and engages there in a form-fitting manner with an expanding effect, with the latched clip fastener K being displaceable in the receptacle 9. The left snapshot of the figures shows the clip fastener K before it is inserted into the receptacle 9. The middle snapshot shows the inserted clip fastener K, with the connecting leg part 9f abutting on the bottom of the receptacle 9 and its counterpart 9a just inserted into the opening of the receptacle 9, already slightly spread is. The right snapshot shows the clip fastener K which has been completely inserted and fixed by means of a fixing element 7. During the transition between the middle and the right illustration, starting from the middle illustration, the tweezer-like connecting leg part 9a was initially completely spread apart from the connecting leg part 9f when pressed further. During the subsequent insertion of the fixing element 7, as already explained, the body of the connecting element 1 is pulled away from the receptacle 9 and pulls the arrow-like connecting leg part 9f with it, so that it keeps the legs of the connecting leg part 9a spread, whereby this At the same time, push the legs against the walls of the holder 9. This provides fixation.

• Bei einer U-förmigen Aufnahmeöffnung 8 ist das Profil 3 L-förmig;
• bei einer kreisförmigen Aufnahmeöffnung 8 ist das Profil 3 T-förmig, U-förmig, rundrohrförmig oder rechteckrohrförmig;
• bei einer viereckigen Aufnahmeöffnung 8 ist das Profil 3 rundrohrförmig oder rechteckrohrförmig; und
• bei einer dreieckigen Aufnahmeöffnung 8 ist das Profil 3 rundrohrförmig.

Fig. 23 shows perspective views of various embodiments of connection units 15. As mentioned, the connection unit 15 comprises at least one connection element 1 and one holding element 3. The holding element 3 is a profile with at least two legs 3a, 3b, which with one leg 3a is preferably rotatable in the receiving opening 8 of the Connecting element 1 is included. As already in connection with Figs. 6 and 7 indicated, depending on the shape, different pairs of receiving openings/profiles can be used:

• With a U-shaped receiving opening 8, the profile 3 is L-shaped;
• with a circular receiving opening 8, the profile 3 is T-shaped, U-shaped, round tube-shaped or rectangular tube-shaped;
• with a square receiving opening 8, the profile 3 is round tubular or rectangular tubular; and
• with a triangular receiving opening 8, the profile 3 is round tubular.

Other shapes are also conceivable, but they may involve a limited or impossible rotation of the holding element in the receiving opening.

Fig. 24 shows a perspective view of detail C Fig. 1 . For the casting of the in connection with Fig. 1 For the concrete ceiling mentioned, a pre-assembled set of parts, consisting of six connecting elements 1, three holding elements 3 and a formwork panel, is preferably positioned on the brick wall and the holding element 3 is folded out. If necessary, the pre-assembled connecting elements 1 can be loosened and, together with the holding elements 3 or thus as a connecting unit 14, moved continuously along the receptacle 9 of the formwork panel 2 to the desired position. The parts set is then attached to the second legs 3b of the holding elements 3 with nails to the panels 20 of the ceiling formwork. In order to achieve greater stability of the parts set, additional connecting elements 1 and holding elements 3 or connecting units 14 can be inserted laterally into the receptacle 9 of the formwork panel 2 and used. In this application, the use of the connection unit 15 is particularly practical since it only has to be inserted into the receptacle 9.

Spacer pins 3c are attached to the second leg 3b of the holding element 3, which are intended to ensure a distance from the ceiling formwork 20 in the case of holding elements 1 made of iron. Iron in a concrete ceiling must always be sufficiently covered, otherwise it will rust. These spacer pins are not necessary for plastic holding elements.

Fig. 25 shows a perspective view of detail B Fig. 1 . This makes it clear how two formwork panels 2 and 2a can be coupled to one another using the connecting elements 1. The formwork panels 2 and 2a are simultaneously connected to each other and to the associated holding element 3 by means of a single connecting element 1 per connection point. In this flush connection of the two shuttering panels 2 and 2a, a single connecting leg 1a of the connecting element 1 is used for this purpose. First, the connecting elements 1 are each inserted into one of the receptacles 9 of one of the shuttering panels (e.g. 2) or already pre-assembled connecting elements 1 are loosened and attached to the edge of the Formwork plate 2 is moved, so that part of the connecting leg 1a protrudes laterally from the receptacle 9. This position can then be fixed by using the fixing element 7 on the side of the plate 2. The second formwork panel 2a with its receptacles 9 can then be pushed onto the exposed part of the connecting leg 1a. If previously the connecting element 7 has already been fixed to the plate 2, there is no risk of the connecting element 1 slipping to the right in the figure when the plate 2a is inserted and thus does not ensure a sufficient connection. In this context, it should be noted that the connecting elements 1 can be manufactured in all variants with any size (and thus connecting legs of any length). Finally, the fixing elements 7 on the left in the figure can be attached in order to finally fix the connection in a non-positive manner.

Fig. 26 shows a perspective view of detail D Fig. 1 . Here the connecting element 1 acts as a corner connecting element. The first and second connecting legs 1a, 1b are intended for insertion into a receptacle 9 of a first or third shuttering panel 2, 2b, such that the first and third shuttering panels 2, 2b are at an angle a ≠ 180 °, in particular in an angle a = 90 °, are aligned with each other, so that the connecting element 1 can connect the first and third formwork panels 2, 2b from the inside or from the outside. The connection from the inside is shown as an example in this figure. The connection from the outside is made with a connecting element according to Fig. 9 realized and is in connection with Fig. 29 explained in more detail. For non-positive fixation of the connecting element 1 on the formwork plate 2b, the connecting element 1 has a third fixing opening 6c, in which the second fixing element 7, in particular wedge-shaped fixing element 7 (corner fixing element in Fig. 8 combined with Fig. 26 ) of the connecting element 1 can be inserted. The connection is made here by first pushing the connecting elements 1 to the desired position in the respective receptacle 9 into one of the shuttering panels, for example into the third panel 2b, or if the connecting elements 1 is already pre-assembled, releasing it and moving it to the desired position delay becomes. Then, as in the case of Fig. 25 the fixation takes place on this plate. The prior fixation of the plate 2b is not so important here since the first plate 2 is then inserted perpendicularly onto the second connecting leg with respect to the plate 2b, which does not cause any displacement of the connecting elements in the receptacles 9 of the third plate 2b. After inserting the first formwork panel 2 as far as it will go, the connecting elements 1 can be finally fixed.

It is noted that combinations of the connection types of Fig. 24 , 25 , and 26 are also possible. For example, the connection can be from Fig. 24 with that one Fig. 26 can be combined by making the arrangement Fig. 24 another formwork panel is pushed onto the free connecting leg 1b. This allows a T-connection of formwork panels 2 to be created.

Fig. 27 shows a perspective view of an application example of the invention and Fig. 28 a perspective view of detail E Fig. 27 . Here the invention is used for door or window reveal formwork in concrete walls. For this purpose, the lost formwork panel 2 is attached to the wall formwork 25 by nailing the second leg 3b of the holding elements 3 to this wall formwork 25. With the subsequent attachment of a second wall formwork parallel to the first wall formwork 25, the room is partially closed and the concrete can be poured between the wall formwork. The width of the formwork panels 2 corresponds to the width of the wall.

Fig. 29 shows a perspective view of a further application example of the invention as a recess in a concrete ceiling or concrete wall, for example for later passage of pipes or cabling. This is done in a similar way as in connection with Fig. 27 explained procedure. Here, however, the connecting element 1 is after execution in Fig. 9 used for inside corners. There are As with the other connecting elements 1, the legs 1a, 1b are arranged at an angle (for example of 270 °) to one another. The angle here was based on the assumption that in Fig. 8 the angle between the legs 1a, 1b is 90°. The second connecting leg 1b projects here into the body of the connecting element 1 and is arranged at a distance from the first leg 1a, which essentially corresponds to the thickness of a formwork panel 2. Here, the connecting element 1 is first inserted with the leg 1a into the receptacle 9 of one of the formwork panels 2. After an optional partial fixation on this formwork panel, the further formwork panel is pushed onto the second connecting leg 1b so that it penetrates into the space between the two connecting legs. Finally, the remaining fixing elements 7 are attached. After coupling all 4 corners of the formwork panels 2 and attaching the holding elements 3, the entire recess can be nailed onto the ceiling formwork or the wall formwork 25. With the connecting element 1 Fig. 8 The inner corners of the recess could not be coupled and two holding elements 3 would have to be used per shuttering panel 2, which would therefore be eight holding elements 3 with four shuttering panels 2. The advantage of designing the connecting element 1 according to Fig. 9 is that the formwork panels 2 can be coupled in the corners and only four holding elements 3 are necessary to fasten the recess.

30 and 31 show perspective views of a further application example of the invention as a compensation plate. In this example, a formwork panel 2 can be provided with connecting elements 1 even without holding elements 3, for example in order to cost-effectively cover remaining areas in ceiling formwork. Instead of having to cut panels 20 precisely, the lost formwork panel 2 can simply be placed over holes in the ceiling formwork. Here the connecting elements improve 1 the connection with the concrete to be poured. Here, the structural unit to be connected to the formwork panel 2 is the poured concrete itself. The formwork unit 14 is particularly suitable for this application, as it is already pre-assembled and therefore only needs to be placed over the hole without any further steps.

• als eine Anzahl von Verbindungelementen 1, eine Anzahl von Abschalungsplatten 2 und eine Anzahl von Halteelementen 3, z.B. Winkelprofile, was der erwähnten Einzelteillösung entspricht, oder
• als eine Anzahl von Abschalungseinheiten 14 und eine Anzahl von Halteelementen 3, oder
• als eine Anzahl von Abschalungsplatten 2 und eine Anzahl von Verbindungseinheiten 15.

The present invention therefore provides a variety of flexible solutions for constructing formwork. Depending on the application, various combinations of the invention can be used, whereby the choice of the suitable solution can depend on a reduction in work steps or on the material. This results from the possibility of supplying individual parts and partially pre-assembled kits. As mentioned, for example in the embodiment Fig. 24 A pre-assembled parts set and the connection unit 15 would be more suitable, while in use 30 and 31 rather the formwork unit 14 is used. Of course, the individual parts of the invention can also be used in any application, although the order in which they are assembled may have to be taken into account. Therefore, in the third aspect of the invention, a set of parts is provided for constructing a formwork for the formation of a cast concrete element, which can be delivered in different forms depending on the application:

• as a number of connecting elements 1, a number of formwork panels 2 and a number of holding elements 3, for example angle profiles, which corresponds to the individual part solution mentioned, or
• as a number of formwork units 14 and a number of holding elements 3, or
• as a number of formwork panels 2 and a number of connecting units 15.

Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, it should be noted that the invention can be implemented in other ways within the scope of the following claims. Terms used in the description such as “preferred”, “in particular”, “advantageous”, etc. only refer to optional and exemplary embodiments.

Reference symbol index

1

connecting element

1a-d

Connecting leg of the connecting element

2

formwork plate

2a,b

More formwork panels

3

Holding element

3a,b

Leg of the holding element

3c

Spacer pin

6a-c

Fixation openings

7

Fixing element

7a

Predetermined breaking connecting bar

8th

Recording opening

9

Recording

9a, f

Interacting connecting leg parts of a connecting element

9b

Recording profile

9c

Bottom of recording 9

9d

Upper opening of the mount 9

9e

Diameter of a round connecting leg 1a

10

stopper

10a

recess

11

Barbs

14

Formwork unit

15

Connection unit

20

plate

21

Brick wall

22

Vertical support post

23

Horizontal beam

24

Building structure

25

Wall formwork

t1

first part of a connecting element

t2

second part of a connecting element

A-E

Detailed views

F

Force to fix the connecting element

U

Direction of the positive connection

Claims (20)

1. Formwork unit comprising a connecting element (1) and a first formwork plate (2), wherein the connecting element (1) is designed for connecting at least the first formwork plate (2) to a further structural unit during a concreting process, wherein the connecting element comprises:

   at least one first connecting leg (1a) which can be introduced in a form-fitting manner into a receptacle (9) of the first formwork plate (2) and can be shifted in the receptacle (9) in parallel longitudinally along the active surface of the formwork plate (2) as far as an intended end position,

   at least one first fixing opening (6a), and

   at least one first wedge-shaped fixing element (7) which can be inserted and locked in the first fixing opening (6a) for the force-fitting fixing of the connecting element (1) to the first formwork plate (2),

   characterized in that the formwork plate (2) has at least one receptacle (9), wherein the receptacle is designed as a groove (9) in the formwork plate (2) or as a profile (9b) fastened on the active surface of the formwork plate (2), and a bottom (9c) or diameter (9e) of the receptacle (9) is wider than a longitudinal opening (9d) of the receptacle (9), wherein a connecting leg (1a) of the connecting element (1) associated with the receptacle (9) is formed as a form-fitting counterpart to the receptacle (9).
2. Formwork unit according to claim 1, wherein the first connecting leg (1a) is designed for insertion of the connecting element (1) into a receptacle (9) of the first formwork plate (2) and into a receptacle (9) of a second formwork plate (2a) in such a way that the first and the second formwork plates (2, 2a) are connected to one another in a flush, form-fitting manner, wherein the connecting element (1) has a second fixing opening (6b), into which a second fixing element (7), in particular a wedge-shaped second fixing element (7), of the connecting element (1) can be introduced, for the additional force-fitting fixing of the connecting element (1) to the second formwork plate (2a).
3. Formwork unit according to one of the claims 1 or 2, wherein the connecting element (1) is triangular and represents a corner connecting element, wherein two of its sides are formed by the first connecting leg (1a) and by a second connecting leg (1b), in particular wherein the first and the second connecting leg (1a, 1b) form an angle of 90° or 270°, in particular wherein a third side of the triangle forms an additional connecting leg (1c) for the connection of two formwork plates (2, 2b) at a different angle, in particular 30° or 45° or 60°, or

   wherein the connecting element (1) is square or rectangular and two of its sides are formed by the first connecting leg (1a) and by a second connecting leg (1b) and in particular further two sides of the square or rectangle each form an additional connecting leg (1c, 1d) for the connection of two formwork plates (2, 2b) at a different angle, in particular 70° or 80° or 120°,

   wherein the additional connecting leg (1c) or the additional connecting legs (1c, 1d) is or are each associated with an additional fixing opening and an additional fixing element (7) for force-fitting fixing the connecting element (1) to the formwork plate or plates.
4. Formwork unit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one connecting leg (1a) is shaped in such a way that it can be inserted into the associated receptacle (9) or removed from the associated receptacle (9) only laterally and parallel to the formwork plate (2).
5. Formwork unit according to one of the claims 1 to 3, wherein the at least one connecting leg (1a) forms a bayonet connection with the associated receptacle (9) of the formwork plate (2), wherein the connecting leg (1a) can be introduced parallel or transversely to the formwork plate (2) into the receptacle (9) into a first position and can be transferred by rotation within the receptacle (9) into a second position, in which it is positively connected to the receptacle (9) in a direction transverse to the formwork plate (2), so that removal of the connecting leg (1a) transverse to the formwork plate (2) is possible only by rotation back into the first position.
6. Formwork unit according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the connecting element (1) comprises a first part (t1) and a second part (t2), which are displaceable relative to one another while in engagement with one another, wherein for form-fitting connection to the formwork plate (2) the first part (t1) can be suspended in the receptacle (9) of the formwork plate (2), and the second part (t2) can be pushed into the receptacle (9) counter-surface and transversely to the formwork plate (2).
7. Formwork unit according to one of the claims 1 to 5, wherein the at least one connecting leg (1a) is designed as a clip fastener (K) in such a way that the connecting element (1) can be pressed transversely to the formwork plate (2) into the receptacle (9) and engages there spreading in a form-fitting way, wherein the engaged clip fastener (K) is shiftable in the receptacle (9).
8. Formwork unit according to one of the preceding claims, which is provided as a corner connecting element, wherein the first and the second connecting legs (1a, 1b) are provided for insertion into a receptacle (9) of a first and a third formwork plate (2), respectively, in such a way that the first and the third formwork plate (2, 2b) are aligned with respect to one another at an angle a ≠ 180°, in particular at an angle a = 90°, so that the connecting element (1) can connect the first and the third formwork plate (2, 2b) from the inside or from the outside, wherein for the force-fitting fixing of the connecting element (1) to the third formwork plate (2b) the connecting element (1) has a third fixing opening (6c), into which the second fixing element (7) or a third, in particular wedge-shaped fixing element (7) of the connecting element (1) can be introduced.
9. Formwork unit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fixing element (7) has a barb (11) which prevents complete removal of the fixing element (7) from the fixing opening (6a; 6b; 6c) associated therewith.
10. Formwork unit according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one receiving opening (8) for receiving a holding element (3) as an intermediate element for connecting the first formwork plate (2) to the further structural unit.
11. Formwork unit according to claim 10, wherein the receiving opening (8) is designed in such a way that the holding element (3) is rotatable with a holding leg at least partially therein, in particular wherein the receiving opening (8) is circular or U-shaped or triangular or square.
12. Formwork unit according to one of claims 10 or 11, wherein a plurality of receiving openings (8) are provided for receiving additional holding elements (3), in particular wherein two T-shaped or L-shaped receiving openings (8) are provided, which are rotated relative to one another, in particular are rotated relative to one another by 90°.
13. Formwork unit according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of receptacles (9) are distributed in parallel on the formwork plate (2), wherein the connecting element (1) is preassembled in a force-fitting manner in the receptacle (9).
14. Formwork unit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the connecting element (1) is displaceable along the receptacle (9) of the formwork plate (2) by loosening the fixing element (7).
15. Kit-of-parts for constructing a formwork for forming a cast concrete element, comprising a number of formwork units according to one of the claims 10-12 and a holding element (3), wherein the holding element (3) is a profile with at least two legs (3a, 3b), which profile is received with one leg (3a), in particular rotatably, in the receiving opening (8) of the connecting element (1) and wherein

    the profile (3) is L-shaped in the case of a U-shaped receiving opening (8), or

    the profile (3) is T-shaped, U-shaped, round-tubular or rectangular-tubular in the case of a circular receiving opening (8), or

    the profile (3) is round-tubular or rectangular-tubular in the case of a square receiving opening (8), or

    the profile (3) is round-tubular in the case of a triangular receiving opening (8).
16. Kit-of-parts according to claim 15, wherein the connecting element (1) comprises a stopper (10), which can be fixed in a recess (10a) provided for this purpose in the holding element (3) and, in the fixed state, prevents the connecting element (1) from slipping out of the holding element (3).
17. Kit-of-parts according to claim 15 or 16, wherein at least one connecting element (1), in particular two connecting elements (1) are attached to the first leg (3a) of the profile (3).
18. Kit-of-parts for constructing a formwork for forming a cast concrete element, comprising

    - a number of formwork units according to one of claims 1 to 14, and

    - a number of holding elements (3), in particular angle profiles.
19. Formwork for forming a cast concrete element, comprising at least one formwork unit according to one of the claims 1 to 14 with mounted holding elements (3).
20. Use of the formwork according to claim 19 as lost formwork for ceilings, walls and floor slabs made of concrete, as lost formwork as a repair slab, as door formwork, as window formwork or as a recess.

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