EP3695119B1 - Reciprocating pump having a force control element - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the field of piston pumps. A piston pump is a reciprocating piston pump, also called a reciprocating displacement pump. A piston pump has a piston which can be moved back and forth along a straight displacement path in order to pump a pump material. The invention relates to a piston pump according to the preamble of the corresponding independent claim.

Piston pumps are widespread and known in various designs. For example, handle pumps for pumping water are widely used in places without electricity. Bicycle pumps are also mostly piston pumps.

Known piston pumps have the disadvantage that, in particular with pump material with a higher viscosity than water and / or with inhomogeneous pump material (e.g. emulsions), they clog, no longer work efficiently and / or the delivery rate of the piston pump varies greatly and the piston pump therefore works imprecisely.

Known piston pumps can also encrust and / or stick at points that are essential for pumping if the pump material is adhesive, for example, and / or is able to interact accordingly (physically and / or chemically) with the piston pump.

A typical representative of this type of pump is off U.S. 1,689,270 known.

It is therefore the object of the invention to create a piston pump of the type mentioned at the beginning which at least partially eliminates at least one of the disadvantages mentioned above.

This object is achieved by a piston pump with the features of the corresponding independent claim. Advantageous designs can be found in the dependent claims, the description and / or the figures.

The piston pump according to the invention for pumping pumping material comprises a base body, a first chamber, a second chamber and a piston that is movable relative to the base body and relative to the first chamber. The first chamber comprises a first chamber opening for filling the first chamber with pump material from outside the piston pump. And the second chamber comprises a second chamber opening for filling the second chamber with pump material from the first chamber. In addition, the piston pump comprises a pump outlet, from which pump material is able to emerge from the piston pump from the second chamber. The piston pump also includes a positive control element for positive control of the second chamber opening by the piston. In this case, in a first pumping configuration, the second chamber opening is configured to be impenetrable for the pumping material due to the positive control element. And in a second pumping configuration, the second chamber opening is configured to be penetrable due to the positive control element for the pumping material. The piston pump also comprises a dimensionally stable, separately designed and movable first chamber element relative to the base body. The first chamber element includes the first chamber opening. In a first first chamber configuration, part of the piston pump, in particular the main body, is arranged offset to the first chamber opening, and in a second first chamber configuration, the part of the piston pump, in particular the main body, is arranged to cover the first chamber opening.

The positive control element mechanically controls the configuration of the second chamber opening as a function of a position and / or movement of the piston. The forced control element transmits to mechanical Path energy of the piston to at least one other element of the piston pump in order to control the configuration of the second chamber opening.

A forced control element can act by pressure and in particular exclusively by pressure. A forced control element can also act by pulling and in particular exclusively by pulling. A combination of push and pull is also possible.

A positive control element comprises, for example, two drivers acting against one another.

The positive control element can comprise levers, linkages and / or wire ropes or other flexible elements.

Optionally, the piston pump comprises a dimensionally stable, separately designed second closure element that is movable relative to the second chamber. This second closure element is arranged to cover the second chamber opening due to the positive control element in the first pump configuration and is arranged offset from the second chamber opening due to the positive control element in the second pump configuration.

In particular, the second closure element can divide the first chamber into two separate sub-volumes for the pumping material.

The pump configuration thus prescribes a relative position of at least part of the piston pump relative to the second chamber opening through the forced control, and as a result also a state or a configuration of the second chamber opening. In the first pump configuration, the second chamber opening is configured to be impenetrable for the pump material, that is to say, in other words, it is closed for the pump material when due to the positive control element at least part of the piston pump closes the second chamber opening. For example, the second chamber opening is closed when the second closing element covers it. In the first pumping configuration, the filling of the second chamber with pumping material from the first chamber is prevented.

In the second pumping configuration, the second chamber opening is configured to be penetrable for the pumping material, in other words open when the second chamber opening is configured free of a closure by at least part of the piston pump due to the positive control element. For example, the second chamber opening is open when the second closure element is arranged offset from the second chamber opening. In the second pump configuration, the second chamber can be filled with pump material from the first chamber.

When the piston moves in a specific direction along a displacement path of the piston, the piston pump essentially always has one and the same pump configuration. "Essentially" in this context means that the positive control element controls and effects a change in the configuration of the second chamber opening when changing from one pump configuration to another pump configuration, which can take a certain duration and over a certain length of a movement of the piston along its displacement path can be done. During this period of a configuration change of the second chamber opening, the piston pump does not yet have the pump configuration that is otherwise (essentially) always assumed. In other words, when the piston moves in a specific direction, the piston pump always has the same pump configuration, with the exception of a first movement span (a specific length of a movement of the piston) for a configuration change if necessary. The configuration change of the second chamber opening, i.e. one phase during one A change from one pump configuration to another pump configuration is also referred to as a switchover phase.

A range of motion for changing the configuration of the second closure element is, for example, a maximum of 20% of a maximum length of the displacement path of the piston. In particular, the range of motion for changing the configuration of the second closure element is a maximum of 15% of a maximum length of the displacement path of the piston. The range of motion for changing the configuration of the second closure element can be a maximum of 10% of a maximum length of the displacement path of the piston, for example.

For example, the piston pump essentially always has the first pump configuration when under pressure (a movement of the piston in the direction of the base body of the piston pump, i.e. the piston pushes into the base body), and when it is pulled (a movement of the piston in the direction away from the base body, i.e. pulling the piston out of the base body) essentially always the second pump configuration.

The drivers optionally included by the piston can be formed directly on the piston. The drivers can also be designed as indirect drivers, that is to say designed as a driver mechanism which comprises a driver which is positioned at a distance from the piston and which transmits the piston movement identically at all times. The optional second closure element is essentially always in contact with the same driver in a specific direction of movement of the piston. "Essentially" is to be understood here analogously to the above definition with regard to the pump configuration.

“Staggered” means that part of the piston pump and in particular the second closure element leaves the second chamber opening uncovered and thus open. That part of the piston pump and especially that The second closure element is then spaced apart from the second chamber opening. The part of the piston pump and in particular the second closure element can be spaced from the second chamber opening parallel to the displacement path of the piston, perpendicular to the displacement path or in a combination of parallel and perpendicular to the displacement path.

The second chamber opening is designed to be stationary with respect to the second chamber. Optionally, the size and / or shape of the second chamber opening is invariable.

A pump flow path for a pump flow of the pump material through the piston pump runs from outside the piston pump through the first chamber opening into the first chamber, then through the second chamber opening into the second chamber and finally through the pump outlet out of the piston pump.

The positive control element thus controls the pumping flow of the pump material from the first chamber into the second chamber, for example by means of the positive-controlled second closure element.

For example, the second locking element is positively controlled by the piston via the driver of the piston. The second locking element can be designed as a drag element, in which case it is dragged along by the piston via the drivers.

This piston pump has the advantage that the forced control element mechanically transmits a force of the piston and at least partially uses it to change the configuration of the second chamber opening. In particular, a part of the piston pump, for example the second closure element, is moved as a whole and undeformed when the second chamber opening is opened and closed. The part of the piston pump that can be used to close the second chamber opening, for example the second closing element, can for example be made of metal, Plastic, a composite material or other hard and resistant materials.

Such a part of the piston pump, for example the second closure element, can withstand and exert correspondingly high forces, which can be sufficient, for example, to loosen incrustations and / or adhesions. Even with highly viscous pump material, the second chamber opening can be opened reliably and completely due to the positive control element. The same applies analogously to inhomogeneous pump material. This makes the piston pump robust, works reliably and precisely. With a certain piston movement, predefined pump quantities can be pumped reproducibly and with high accuracy.

The piston pump has a few individual parts. The piston pump has a simple structure. This makes the piston pump stable and allows quick, simple and inexpensive manufacture. Maintenance, revision and repair are also simple, efficient and inexpensive.

Further embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.

The piston pump according to the invention comprises a dimensionally stable, separately designed and movable first chamber element relative to the base body. The first chamber element includes the first chamber opening. In a first first chamber configuration, part of the piston pump, in particular the main body, is arranged offset to the first chamber opening, and in a second first chamber configuration, the part of the piston pump, in particular the main body, is arranged to cover the first chamber opening.

A configuration of the first chamber opening is referred to as a first chamber configuration, that is to say a state of the first chamber opening. For example means First chamber configuration, a relative position of the first chamber element to a part of the piston pump (for example to the base body).

The first chamber opening is open when part of the piston pump, in particular the base body, is arranged offset from the first chamber element, that is to say in the first first chamber configuration. In the first first chamber configuration, it is therefore possible to fill the first chamber with pump material from outside the piston pump through the first chamber opening. The first chamber opening is closed when part of the piston pump, in particular the base body, covers the first chamber opening in the first chamber element, that is to say in the second first chamber configuration. In the second first chamber configuration, the filling of the first chamber with pump material from outside the piston pump is prevented.

When the piston moves in a specific direction along a displacement path of the piston, the piston pump essentially always has one and the same first chamber configuration. "Essentially" means the same thing as described above for the pump configuration.

For example, the piston pump essentially always has the first pump configuration when it is under pressure, and essentially always has the second pump configuration when it is pulled.

In particular, when under pressure, the piston pump essentially always has the first pump configuration and the first first chamber configuration, and when in tension it essentially always has the second pump configuration and the second first chamber configuration.

The first chamber opening is designed to be stationary with respect to the first chamber. Optionally, the size and / or shape of the first chamber opening is designed to be invariable.

The first chamber element thus controls the pumping flow of the pumping material from outside the piston pump into the first chamber.

The first chamber element is at least partially controlled via a pressure caused by a piston movement on the pump material in the first chamber. The first chamber element can be designed as a drag element, in this case is therefore dragged along by pressure in the pump material.

Optionally, the piston pump comprises a first chamber forced control which positively controls the first chamber element.

The first chamber forced control controls a movement of the first chamber element and thus the position of the first chamber element. The first chamber forced control thus controls the configuration of the first chamber opening. The first chamber positive control is designed to exert a force on the first chamber element by means of which the first chamber element can be moved from the first first chamber configuration into the second first chamber configuration and vice versa.

For example, the first chamber positive control comprises a movable mechanical connection between the first chamber element and the first chamber positive control. The first chamber forced control can be attached to the base body.

In particular, the first chamber positive control comprises a first chamber positive control piston, the movement of which is coupled to the movement of the first chamber element.

The forced control of the first chamber causes a reliable change in the configuration of the first chamber element through the action of force on the first chamber element. The force of the first chamber forced control on the first chamber element allows the first chamber element to have a high resistance to the To overcome pump material and / or a foreign body. Resistance to a change in the configuration of the first chamber element, for example due to encrustation, high viscosity and / or lump formation of the pump material, can be overcome by the first chamber forced control.

The piston pump optionally comprises at least one drive and in particular precisely one drive.

However, the piston pump can also be designed without a drive, a connection for a drive being provided.

Optionally, the piston pump is designed in such a way that a drive for the piston of the piston pump also drives the first-chamber forced control.

Whether or not the piston pump includes at least one drive is irrelevant for this feature.

The piston of the piston pump can be moved by a pneumatic drive, this pneumatic drive also driving the first-chamber positive control at the same time.

The piston of the piston pump can be moved by an electric drive, this electric drive also driving the first-chamber positive control at the same time.

The piston pump can accordingly be designed in such a way that the same drive drives both the piston and the first-chamber forced control. A coupling of the movements of the piston and the first chamber forced control can be implemented.

Alternatively, the piston of the piston pump and the first-chamber forced control can have drives that are independent of one another.

Analogously to the second closure element, the first chamber element is dimensionally stable, designed separately and movable relative to the associated opening. The same advantages as described above for the piston pump with the second closure element also apply to the first chamber element.

For this reason, a piston pump comprising both the second closure element and the first chamber element is robust, reliable and functions precisely.

Optionally, in addition to the second chamber opening, the second chamber also comprises a second chamber counter-opening for filling the second chamber with pump material from the first chamber.

The second chamber counter opening is also positively controlled, for example by the same forced control element as the second chamber opening. For example, in the first pump configuration the second closure element rests against the first driver and is arranged offset to the second chamber counter opening, and in the second pump configuration the second closure element rests against the second driver and is arranged to cover the second chamber opening.

The second-chamber counter-opening is open or covered in a forced-controlled manner, alternating with the second-chamber opening. The term "counter opening" does not designate a position, but merely serves to distinguish the counter opening from the opening.

Through the second chamber opening, the second chamber can be filled with pump material from the first chamber in a double-acting manner, that is, when the piston is pushed and pulled.

Optionally, in addition to the first chamber opening, the first chamber element also comprises a first chamber counter-opening for filling the first chamber with pumping material from outside the piston pump. In the first first chamber configuration, part of the piston pump, in particular the base body, covers the first chamber counter-opening and thus closes it, and in the second first chamber configuration, part of the piston pump, in particular the base body, is offset from the first chamber counter-opening, whereby the first chamber counter-opening is open.

In other words, the first chamber counter-opening is opened or covered alternately to the first chamber opening. Here, too, the term "counter-opening" does not designate a position, but merely serves to distinguish the counter-opening from the opening.

Through the first chamber opening, the first chamber can be filled with pumping material from outside the piston pump in a double-acting manner, that is, when the piston is pushed and pulled.

Optionally, the base body comprises a first stop for a first end of the first chamber element and a second stop for a second end of the first chamber element arranged opposite the first end. The first chamber element is designed to be movable between the first stop and the second stop parallel to a displacement path of the piston. In particular, the first chamber opening is arranged in an area at the first end of the first chamber element and the first chamber counter opening, if one such is present, arranged in a region at the second end of the first chamber element.

The first chamber element is optionally designed as an outer wall of the first chamber and delimits the first chamber from the pumping material located outside the piston pump.

Optionally, the first chamber is arranged in a stationary manner relative to the first chamber element. This means that the first chamber is moved together with the first chamber element.

In particular, the first chamber is designed to be movable relative to the base body.

Alternatively, the first chamber is designed to be stationary with respect to the base body. In this case, the total volume of the first chamber is increased or decreased by a movement of the first chamber element.

Optionally, both in the first pump configuration and in the second pump configuration, the first chamber element is in contact with the second closure element or with a part that is essentially always moved with the piston.

Due to the contact closure between the first chamber element and the second closure element or the part that is essentially always moving with the piston, force and movement of the piston can be at least partially transmitted to the first chamber element via static friction and / or sliding friction. In this case, the first chamber opening is also positively controlled as a function of the piston. In this way, a change in the configuration of the first chamber opening and possibly also the first chamber counter-opening can be accelerated and / or facilitated.

Optionally, the configuration of the first chamber opening is positively controlled by the piston, in particular indirectly by the forced control element.

The optional first chamber forced control already mentioned above for forced control of the first chamber opening can be used alternatively or in combination with the indirect forced control through the static friction and / or sliding friction of the piston with the first chamber element.

The first chamber optionally has the shape of a hollow cylinder. This hollow cylinder at least partially encloses a displacement path of the second chamber.

The piston pump can be made compact by a first chamber in the form of a hollow cylinder which at least partially encloses the second chamber in all configurations.

Optionally, the second chamber is arranged stationary to the piston.

The second chamber is optionally arranged inside the piston.

Optionally, the piston is designed as a hollow cylinder, the hollow space of which forms the second chamber. In particular, the hollow cylinder of the piston is arranged concentrically to the hollow cylinder of the first chamber.

With a second chamber which is enclosed by the piston, the piston pump can be made compact.

The piston pump optionally includes a sealing element.

The sealing element is designed to seal parts of the piston pump that are movable relative to one another. This means that a sealing element between parts that are movable relative to one another prevents pumping material from passing through between these parts.

For example, a sealing element is arranged between the first chamber element and the base body.

For example, a sealing element is arranged between the first chamber element and the second closure element.

For example, a sealing element is arranged between the second closure element and the piston.

In particular, a sealing element has plastic or rubber.

A sealing element can make the piston pump work more efficiently, especially with pump material of low viscosity. If a sealing element is used, the piston pump can be made from components that are not precisely manufactured and therefore inexpensive to manufacture, without the effect of the piston pump being impaired.

Figur 1

ein Schnitt durch eine erste Ausführungsform der Kolbenpumpe in Seitenansicht;

Figur 2

ein Schnitt durch eine zweite Ausführungsform der Kolbenpumpe in Seitenansicht, bei Druck;

Figur 3

die Kolbenpumpe aus Figur 2 in der Umschaltphase von Druck zu Zug;

Figur 4

die Kolbenpumpe aus Figur 2 bei Zug;

Figur 5

eine dritte Ausführungsform der Kolbenpumpe in Draufsicht, mit eingezeichneten Schnittlinien A-A und B-B;

Figur 6

ein Schnitt durch die Kolbenpumpe aus Figur 5 entlang Schnittlinie A-A, bei Zug;

Figur 7

ein Schnitt durch die Kolbenpumpe aus Figur 5 entlang Schnittlinie B-B, bei Zug.

In the following, the subject matter of the invention is explained in more detail using preferred exemplary embodiments which are shown in the accompanying drawings. They each show schematically:

Figure 1

a section through a first embodiment of the piston pump in side view;

Figure 2

a section through a second embodiment of the piston pump in side view, under pressure;

Figure 3

the piston pump off Figure 2 in the switchover phase from push to pull;

Figure 4

the piston pump off Figure 2 at train;

Figure 5

a third embodiment of the piston pump in plan view, with drawn section lines AA and BB;

Figure 6

a section through the piston pump Figure 5 along section line AA, at train;

Figure 7

a section through the piston pump Figure 5 along section line BB, at Zug.

In principle, the same parts are provided with the same reference symbols in the figures.

The terms left, right, bottom and top refer to the drawing plane of the figures.

the Figure 1 shows a section through a first embodiment of the piston pump 1 in side view. The piston pump 1 is designed as a single-acting piston pump 1. Single-acting means that pumping material is only able to exit the pump outlet 8 in one direction of movement of the piston 5 (either when pushing or pulling) - in this first embodiment when pulling. The piston pump 1 comprises a base body 2 and a piston 5, which is movable relative to the base body 2 in two opposite directions of movement: towards and into the base body 2 (this direction of movement is called pressure), and away from the base body 2 or out of it out (this direction of movement is called pull).

In its lower part, which is immersed in the pump material, the base body 2 is largely rotationally symmetrical about a displacement path 9 of the piston 5. For the sake of simplicity of illustration, some are Elements in this sectional drawing of the Figure 1 only provided with reference symbols on the left-hand side, some only on the right-hand side.

The displacement path 9 of the piston lies on a central longitudinal axis of the base body 2. The base body 2 can be attached to a vessel comprising the pumping material, which is shown in FIG Figure 1 with itself to the right and left Figure 1 out extending elements is indicated. The base body 2 forms a first stop 16 and a second stop 17, between which a first chamber element 7 can be moved back and forth. The base body 2 guides the primary chamber element 7 during this movement parallel to the displacement path 9 of the piston 5 and limits this movement by the stops 16, 17. The primary chamber element 7 is designed as a hollow cylinder and is arranged concentrically to the displacement path 9 of the piston 5. In a region at its upper end, the first chamber element 7 has first chamber openings 10 (in Figure 1 two primary chamber openings 10 are visible due to the section).

Figure 1 shows the piston pump 1 with pressure on the piston 5, which is shown by a thick arrow pointing downwards. The switching phase is already over and the piston pump 1 is in the first first chamber configuration. This means that the first chamber element 7 rests against the second stop 17 of the base body 2 arranged at the bottom. The upper end of the first chamber element 7 is far enough away from the first stop 16 of the base body 2, which is arranged above, that the first chamber openings 10 are arranged offset from the base body 2 and are therefore open. Pump material can therefore get into the first chamber 3 from outside the piston pump 1 through the open first chamber openings 10. The first chamber 3 is arranged inside the first chamber element 7 and is designed to be stationary relative to the base body 2. By moving the first chamber element 7 delimiting the first chamber 3, the first chamber 3 is reduced in size (with pressure) or enlarged (with tension).

The piston 5 is designed as a hollow cylinder, and the hollow interior of the piston 5 forms the second chamber 4. The first chamber 3 is formed between the first chamber element 7 and the piston 5 arranged therein. In the area of the stops 16, 17 for the primary chamber element 7, the base body 2 is designed as a guide for the piston 5 for its movement along its displacement path 9. In a greatly simplified summary, the following elements are arranged in the piston pump 1 approximately in the center of a longitudinal axis of the first chamber 3, concentrically around the displacement path 9 of the piston from the outside to the inside: base body 2, first chamber element 7, first chamber 3, piston 5, second chamber 4. All of these The elements mentioned are made of metal and, with the exception of the openings described, are sealed against one another.

The piston 5 has a plurality of second chamber openings 12 at its lower end (analogous to the first chamber openings 10 are shown in FIG Figure 1 only two of them can be seen). These first chamber openings 10 can be closed by a second closing element 6, in that the second closing element 6 is arranged to cover the second chamber openings 12. This is in Figure 1 the case, the piston pump 1 is in the first pump configuration. The second closure element 6 rests against an upper, first driver 14 and closes the second chamber openings 12.

The second locking element 6 is designed as a ring made of metal, which can be moved back and forth between the first driver 14 and the second driver 15. The two drivers 14, 15 are rigidly attached to the piston 5 and positively control the second locking element 6. The first driver 14 and second driver 15 are therefore the specific embodiments of the forced control element. The second closure element 6 is always in contact closure both with the piston 5 and with the first chamber element 7. The second closure element 6 separates the first chamber 3 into two different ones Areas and seals them so that no pumping material can penetrate from one area to the other.

In Figure 1 the first embodiment of the piston pump 1 is shown when the piston 5 is pressed. The upper region of the first chamber 3 can be filled with pump material through the first chamber openings 10. The second chamber 4, on the other hand, is separated from the first chamber 3 by closed second chamber openings 12 for pumping material to pass through. After the switchover phase to train, the piston pump 1 is then in a different situation when the piston 5 is pulled: in the second pump configuration (the second closure element 6 rests on the lower, second driver 15, whereby the second chamber openings 12 are opened and pump material from the upper, area of the first chamber 3 filled with pumping material can penetrate into the second chamber 4) and in the second first chamber configuration (the first chamber element 7 rests against the upper, first stop 16 of the base body 2, whereby the base body 2 covers and closes the first chamber openings 10). In this configuration during tension, the piston pump 1 can now pump the pumping material from the first chamber 3, which is closed towards the outside, through the second chamber openings 12 into the second chamber 4 and finally out of the piston pump 1 through the pump outlet 8.

In the Figures 2 to 4 a second embodiment of the piston pump 1 is shown, again as a section and in side view. This piston pump 1 is designed as a double-acting piston pump 1. Double-acting means that in both directions of movement of the piston 5 (both when pushing and pulling) pump material is able to exit from the pump outlet 8 and thus from the piston pump 1. This piston pump 1 is in Figure 2 shown with pressure on the piston 5 and in Figure 3 in the switchover phase from push to pull. In Figure 4 this piston pump 1 is shown when the piston 5 is pulled.

The second embodiment of the Figures 2 to 4 differs from the first embodiment in Figure 1 in that the first chamber element 7, in addition to the first chamber openings 10 arranged at its upper end, also has first chamber counter-openings 11 arranged at its lower end, and the piston 5 also has second-chamber counter-openings 13 arranged below, in addition to the second chamber openings 12 arranged above. In addition, the first chamber 3 is delimited both upwards and downwards by the first chamber element 7, whereby the first chamber 3 remains the same size both during compression and tension and in the switching phases, but is moved relative to the base body 2. The first chamber 3 is designed here to be stationary with respect to the first chamber element 7.

The first-chamber counter-openings 11 are arranged on the first-chamber element 7 and relative to the base body 2 in such a way that they are configured opposite to the first-chamber openings 10 (or, in other words, are configured alternately with one another). This means that the first chamber counter-openings 11 are closed in the first first chamber configuration and open in the second first chamber configuration. The same applies analogously to the second-chamber counter-openings 13 and the second-chamber openings 12. The second-chamber counter-openings 13 are open in the first pump configuration and closed in the second pump configuration. In this way, the piston pump 1 in the second embodiment can convey pumping material out of the pump outlet 8 both under tension and under pressure (or, in other words, work in a double-acting manner). The lower area of the first chamber 3 is also used for pumping pumping material: the lower area of the first chamber 3 is filled with pumping material alternately with the upper area of the first chamber 3, and the pumping material is then pumped into the second chamber 4 and finally through the pump outlet 8 .

The pumping flow of the pumping material is in Figure 2 indicated by arrows: the piston pump 1 in Figure 2 is under pressure in the same configuration the piston 5 like the piston pump 1 in Figure 1 (first pump configuration, first first chamber configuration). The upper region of the first chamber 3 is filled with pump material through the open first chamber openings 10 (the second chamber openings 12 are covered and closed by the second closure element 6). The lower area of the first chamber 3 is closed to the outside (first chamber counter-openings 11 covered by the base body 2) but is open to the second chamber 4 (the second closing element 6 is offset from the second-chamber counter-openings 13, the latter are therefore open), whereby the pumping material from the lower area the first chamber 3 is pumped into the second chamber 4 and finally out of the pump outlet 8.

In Figure 3 the second embodiment of the piston pump 1 is shown in the switching phase to train on the piston 5: the piston pump 1 is already in the second pump configuration, so the second closure element 6 is already on the lower, second driver 15 (which leaves the second chamber openings 12 open and the second chamber counter-openings 13 closes), but at the same time still in the first first-chamber configuration, so the first-chamber element 7 still rests against the lower, second stop 17 of the base body 2 (whereby the first-chamber openings 10 are opened and the first-chamber counter-openings 11 are closed). In this switching phase, pumping material is therefore briefly moved from the upper region of the first chamber 3 both directly out of the piston pump 1 and into the second chamber 4. Due to the increasing negative pressure in the lower area of the first chamber 3 and due to the friction between the second closure element 6 and an inside of the first chamber element 7, however, the first chamber element 7 will move upwards to the first stop 16 of the base body 2 and thus move into the second first chamber configuration, which then the switchover phase ends. The piston pump 1 is then in the configuration when the piston is pulled, shown in FIG Figure 4 .

The pumping flow of the pumping material is in Figure 4 also indicated again by arrows: the piston pump 1 in Figure 4 is in the configuration under tension on the piston 5 (second pump configuration, second first chamber configuration). The lower region of the first chamber 3 is filled with pumping material from outside the piston pump 1 through the open first chamber counter-openings 11 (the second-chamber counter-openings 13 are covered and closed by the second closure element 6). The upper area of the first chamber 3 is closed to the outside (first chamber openings 10 covered by the base body 2) but is open to the second chamber 4 (the second closing element 6 is offset from the second chamber openings 12, the latter are therefore open), whereby the pump material from the upper area the first chamber 3 is pumped into the second chamber 4 and finally out of the pump outlet 8.

The switching phase from train to pressure is not shown in any figure, but takes place in the reverse order to the switching phase from pressure to train. The second locking element 6 positively controlled by the drivers 14, 15 changes its configuration first (from the second to the first pump configuration), which puts the piston pump 1 in the switchover phase from tension to compression. The first chamber element 7 then changes its configuration (from the second to the first first chamber configuration), and after the first chamber configuration has been changed, the piston pump 1 is again in the position shown in FIG Figure 2 configuration shown under pressure on piston 5.

In Figure 5 a third embodiment of the piston pump 1 is shown in plan view. In Figure 5 section lines AA and BB are drawn. The third embodiment of the piston pump 1 differs from the second embodiment mainly in that the third embodiment of the piston pump 1 comprises a first-chamber forced control 20. The first chamber forced control 20 is better in the Figures 6 and 7th recognizable where the third embodiment of the piston pump 1 is shown in side view as a section.

Figure 6 is a section through the piston pump 1 from Figure 5 along section line AA, the piston pump 1 being shown in train. Figure 6 shows the piston pump 1 in a section analogous to FIG Figure 4 and differs from Figure 4 mainly through the first chamber positive control 20. The first chamber positive control 20 is attached to the first chamber element 7, which is lengthened upwards (in the direction of the pump outlet 8) and can thereby exert a force on the first chamber element 7, whereby the first chamber positive control 20 can move the first chamber element 7.

The first chamber forced control 20 is in Figure 7 good to see. Figure 7 is a section through the piston pump Figure 5 along the section line BB, also shown in Zug. The first chamber forced control 20 is attached to the base body 2 and comprises two first chamber forced control pistons 21, which can be pneumatically driven and moved parallel to the displacement path 9 of the piston 5 of the piston pump 1 relative to the base body 2. The first chamber forced control pistons 21 are fastened to the first chamber element 7 which is lengthened towards the top. The movement of the first chamber forced control piston 21 also moves the first chamber element 7. The pneumatic force acting on the first chamber positive control piston 21 is mechanically passed on to the first chamber element 7, whereby the change in configuration of the first chamber element 7 is carried out reliably and powerfully. The first chamber element 7 is positively controlled by the first chamber forced control 20.

The piston 5 of the piston pump 1 is pneumatically driven (pressure and tension on the piston 5 is generated by pneumatic forces, not shown in the figures). The same pneumatic drive as for the piston 5 of the Piston pump 1 also drives the first chamber forced control piston 21 of the first chamber forced control 20.

Claims (11)

1. A piston pump (1) for pumping pumped material, wherein the piston pump (1) comprises a main body (2), a first chamber (3), a second chamber (4) and a piston (5) which is movable relative to the main body (2) and relative to the first chamber (3), wherein the first chamber (3) comprises a first chamber opening (10) for a filling of the first chamber (3) with pumped material from outside the piston pump (1) and the second chamber (4) comprises a second chamber opening (12) for a filling of the second chamber (4) with pumped material from the first chamber (3), and wherein the piston pump (1) comprises a pump outlet (8), from which pumped material is capable of exiting from the second chamber (4) out of the piston pump (1), and the piston pump (1) comprises a positive control element (14, 15) for the positive control of the second chamber opening (12) by the piston (5), wherein in a first pump configuration the second chamber opening (12) is configured to be impenetrable to the pumped material on account of the positive control element (14, 15), and wherein in a second pump configuration the second chamber opening (12) is configured to be penetrable by the pumped material on account of the positive control element (14, 15),
   characterised in that
   the piston pump (1) comprises a shape-stable, separately designed first chamber element (7) which is movable relative to the main body (2), wherein the first chamber element (7) comprises a first chamber opening (10) and is capable of assuming a first first chamber configuration in which the first chamber opening (10) is configured to be penetrable by the pumped material, as well as capable of assuming a second first chamber configuration in which the first chamber opening (10) is configured to be impenetrable to the pumped material.
2. A piston pump (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the second chamber (4) apart from the second chamber opening (12) also comprises a second chamber counter-opening (13) for a filling of the second chamber (4) with pumped material from the first chamber (3), wherein in the first pump configuration the second chamber counter-opening (13) is configured to be penetrable by the pump material on account of the positive control element (14, 15), and wherein in the second pump configuration the second chamber opening (12) is configured to be impenetrable to the pumped material on account of the positive control element (14, 15).
3. A piston pump (1) according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the first chamber element (7) apart from the first chamber opening (10) also comprises a first-chamber counter-opening (11) for filling the first chamber (3) with pumped material from outside the piston pump (1), wherein in the first first chamber configuration the first chamber counter-opening (11) is configured to be impenetrable to the pumped material and wherein in the second first chamber configuration the first chamber counter-opening (11) is configured to be penetrable by the pump material.
4. A piston pump (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the piston pump (1) comprises a shape-stable, separately designed second closure element (6) which is movable relative to the second chamber (4) and which in the first pump configuration is arranged covering the second chamber opening (12) on account of the positive control element (14, 15) and in the second pump configuration is arranged offset to the second chamber opening (12) on account of the positive control element (14, 15).
5. A piston pump (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the main body (2) comprises a first stop (16) for a first end of the first chamber element (7) and a second stop (17) for a second end of the first chamber element (7) which is arranged lying opposite the first end, wherein the first chamber element (7) is designed in a movable manner parallel to a displacement path (9) of the piston (5) between the first stop (16) and the second stop (17), wherein in particular the first chamber opening (10) is arranged in a region at the first end of the first chamber element (7) and the first chamber counter-opening (11) is arranged in a region at the second end of the first chamber element (7).
6. A piston pump (1) according to the claims 4 and 5, characterised in that in the first pump configuration as well as the second pump configuration the first chamber element (7) is in a contact fit with the second closure element (6) or with a part which is essentially always co-moved with the piston (5).
7. A piston pump (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the first chamber (3) has a shape of a hollow cylinder which at least partly encompasses a displacement path of the second chamber (4).
8. A piston pump (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the second chamber (4) is arranged within the piston (5).
9. A piston pump (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the piston (5) is designed as a hollow cylinder whose cavity forms the second chamber (4), and in particular the hollow cylinder of the piston (5) is arranged concentrically to the hollow cylinder of the first chamber (3).
10. A piston pump (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the piston pump (1) comprises a first chamber positive control (20) which positively controls the first chamber element (7).
11. A piston pump (1) according to claim 10, characterised in that the piston pump (1) is designed in a manner that a drive for the piston (5) of the piston pump (1) also drives the first chamber positive control (20).

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