EP3507876A1 - Trennvorrichtung - Google Patents
TrennvorrichtungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3507876A1 EP3507876A1 EP17742390.2A EP17742390A EP3507876A1 EP 3507876 A1 EP3507876 A1 EP 3507876A1 EP 17742390 A EP17742390 A EP 17742390A EP 3507876 A1 EP3507876 A1 EP 3507876A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- switch
- output
- input
- shift register
- voltage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/0092—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring current only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/02—Details
- H02H3/025—Disconnection after limiting, e.g. when limiting is not sufficient or for facilitating disconnection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/02—Details
- H02H3/05—Details with means for increasing reliability, e.g. redundancy arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
- H02H3/093—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current with timing means
- H02H3/0935—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current with timing means the timing being determined by numerical means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/22—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices
- H02H7/222—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices for switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
- H02H9/042—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage comprising means to limit the absorbed power or indicate damaged over-voltage protection device
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K19/00—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits
- H03K19/003—Modifications for increasing the reliability for protection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
- H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the invention relates to a disconnecting device for power interruption, with a switch.
- the separating device is preferably a component of a circuit breaker.
- the invention further relates to a circuit breaker and a method for operating a separator.
- Photovoltaic systems usually have a number of photovoltaic modules, which are electrically connected in series or parallel to each other.
- the combination of the photovoltaic modules themselves is contacted by means of a power line with an inverter, by means of which the electrical energy provided by the photovoltaic modules is fed into a supply network, which usually has an alternating current.
- a direct current is conducted in the power line in principle.
- normally circuit breakers are used by means of which damage to the converter or burnup of the photovoltaic modules due to an existing electrical current flow is prevented.
- electrical currents are switched with a current of several 10 amps, which due to a suitable interconnection within the photovoltaic module at the contacts an electrical voltage of several 100 volts is applied.
- circuit breakers for DC interruption are vehicles, such as aircraft or motor vehicles.
- motor vehicles which are driven by means of an electric motor usually have a high-voltage vehicle electrical system comprising a high-voltage battery.
- the high-voltage battery is an electrical voltage between 400 and 500 volts and a current of up to several 100 amps provided.
- the fastest possible disconnection of the high-voltage vehicle electrical system is required for safety reasons.
- the lowest possible switching time is required. This is also to be ensured in the case of an accident of the motor vehicle and a short circuit caused thereby within the electric motor or converter.
- the invention has for its object to provide a particularly suitable separation device for power interruption and a particularly suitable circuit breaker and a particularly suitable method for operating a separation device, in particular increases security and preferably manufacturing costs are reduced.
- the separator serves the power interruption. Consequently, an electrical current is switched by means of the separator, which is for example a direct current or an alternating current.
- the separation device provided and suitable to interrupt a direct current. If an alternating current is switched by means of the separating device, this has, for example, a frequency greater than 500 Hz, 800 Hz or 900 Hz. Conveniently, the frequency is greater than or equal to 1 kHz, 1, 5 kHz, 2 kHz, 5 kHz or 10 kHz. In particular, the frequency is less than or equal to 10 MHz, 5 MHz or 1 MHz.
- the separation device is suitable, preferably provided and adapted to carry a rated current that is greater than or equal to 100 A, 300 A, 500 A or 800 A.
- the maximum switchable by means of the separator electrical current of the rated current is 2 kA, 3 kA or 5 kA.
- the separation device is provided for a rated current of 1 kA and set up, for example, deviations of +/- 10%, +/- 5% or +/- 2% are provided.
- the separation device is suitable, in particular provided and arranged to carry a short-circuit current, in particular for a comparatively short period of time of up to 10 kA, 12 kA, 17 kA, 20 kA, 22 kA, 25 kA or 30 kA.
- the maximum portable short-circuit current is between 15 kA and 20 kA.
- portable current is meant, in particular, that electric current which can be conducted by means of the separating device, without this causing any damage.
- the disconnecting device is suitable, in particular provided and arranged, to disconnect or switch an electrical voltage that is greater than or equal to 100 V, 200 V, 300 V, 400 V or 500 V.
- the maximum electrical voltage to be switched is 1 .100 V, 1 .000 V, 900 V or 800 V, in particular if the electric current is an alternating current. If the electrical current is a direct current, the maximum electrical voltage to be switched is suitably less than or equal to 2,000 V, 1 .800 V, 1,500 V, 1 .200 V or 1 .000 V.
- the separator is used in the field of e-mobility.
- an electrical system of a vehicle motor vehicle is switched by means of the separation device, which is in particular a high-voltage electrical system.
- an electrical system of an aircraft is switched by means of the separator.
- Another alternative of the application is in the field of one Photovoltaic system.
- an electrical separation of a photovoltaic module is made possible by a converter.
- an intermediate circuit of an inverter is connected by means of the separating device, wherein the inverter, for example, a part of a
- Photovoltaic system is.
- the inverter is a component of an industrial plant.
- a current supply of a robot of the industrial plant is controlled.
- a DC link is connected by means of the separating device, with which a number of robots are electrically contacted.
- the separator is used in another area of the industrial plant or other area of automation. Conveniently, the separator is used to switch an inductive load.
- the separating device has a switch, which carries in the closed state the guided by means of the separating device electrical current.
- an electric current flows between two terminals of the switch.
- the electrical switch is for example a mechanical switch, which is expediently electrically actuated.
- the mechanical switch is a relay and in particular has a moving contact.
- the closed state of the moving contact is in particular mechanically directly to another contact, which is for example also a moving contact or alternatively a fixed contact.
- the switch is a semiconductor switch, in particular a field effect transistor (FET).
- FET field effect transistor
- the semiconductor switch is a MOSFET or an IG BT.
- a voltage limiter is connected.
- the voltage limiter preferably has two terminals, one of which is assigned to one of the terminals of the switch.
- the voltage limiter has a number of strings connected in parallel with each other, wherein each string is suitably connected in parallel with the switch.
- Each of the strands has a resistance, and at least one of the strands includes Switching element, which is connected in series with the resistance of the strand. In other words, this strand has the resistor and the switching element, wherein the switching element and the resistor are connected in series. This series connection is connected in parallel with the switch.
- the resistances of the strands are expediently ohmic resistors and preferably have a resistance of at least 1 mOhm, 5 mOhm, 10 mOhm, 50 mOhm, 100 mOhm, 500 mOhm, 1 Ohm, 2 Ohm, 5 Ohm, 10 Ohm, 20 Ohm, 50 Ohm , 100 ohms, 200 ohms, 500 ohms, 1 kohms, 2 kohms, 5 kohms or 10 kohms.
- the resistance is preferably less than or equal to 1 kOhm, 500 ohms or 100 ohms.
- the voltage limiter comprises 2 strands, 3 strands or 5 strands.
- the number of strands is greater than or equal to 2 strands, 3 strands or 4 strands.
- the number of strands is less than or equal to 20 strands or 10 strands.
- the switching element By means of the switching element, it is possible to prevent a current flow in the strand having the switching element and thus to adjust the electrical resistance of the voltage limiter. As a result, the voltage across the switch can be adjusted by means of the voltage limiter, which increases safety. Also, the separator can be used for different requirements.
- the switching element is actuated in response to a voltage across the switch and / or a switching request to the switch.
- the switching element is placed in an electrically conductive state when the switch is placed in an electrically non-conductive state.
- the switching element is placed in the electrically conductive state a period of time prior to actuation of the switch.
- an electrical current flows through both the switch and each of the strings of the voltage limiter. Due to the resistances of the strands, the electrical current flowing through the voltage limiter is comparatively small, at least in comparison with the electrical current flowing across the switch, since the switch has a comparatively small current has ohmic resistance.
- the electric current fully commutates to the voltage limiter.
- the electric current flow continues, wherein due to the resistances an electrical voltage is applied to the separating device. Due to the parallel connection of the strands, the electrical voltage is comparatively low. Because of the switching element, it is possible to separate the strand having the switching element, which is why the electric current commutes completely to the one or more strands of the voltage limiter, so that the resistance of the voltage limiter is increased.
- the electrical resistance of the voltage limiter can be adjusted, so that an electrical voltage across the disconnecting device can be adjusted when the switch is actuated.
- a scalability of the separation device is given, so that it can be adapted to a wide variety of electrical voltages and / or electrical currents. Consequently, an area of use of the separator is increased.
- the voltage across the switch is limited.
- the electrical voltage is preferably limited such that formation of an arc is prevented, provided that the switch is a mechanical switch.
- the switch is a semiconductor switch, the formation of a voltage applied to this breakdown voltage is prevented, which could lead to destruction of the semiconductor switch. As a result, security is increased. Also, the separation device can be realized by means of a comparatively small number of cost-effective electrical components, which reduces manufacturing costs.
- the switching element is in particular a semiconductor switching element, for example a transistor, such as a field effect transistor, in particular a MOSFET.
- the switching element is a field effect transistor, a junction field effect transistor (JFET) or a MOSFET. Because the electrical voltages are divided on the strands, is applied to the switching element to a reduced electrical voltage compared to the switch, which is why a comparatively inexpensive switching element can be used. If the switch of the separator is closed, the separator is in an electrically conductive state.
- guided electric current due to the resistance of the strand is comparatively small, so that a power loss is relatively low, which is due to the choice of the switching element as a semiconductor switching element.
- each strand has such a switching element.
- the switching elements of the strands are identical, for example.
- the switching elements are adapted to the resistance of the respective strand.
- Each strand has in summary both the resistance and the switching element, which are connected in series with each other. Due to the switching elements, a scalability of the separating device is thus increased, so that the electrical resistance of the separating device and consequently the electrical voltage applied to the switch can be adjusted by means of the switching elements.
- the strands are identical. In other words, all the resistors have the same ohmic resistance, and all the switching elements are of the same type. At least, however, the strands are the same circuit.
- each strand comprises the same type of electrical and / or electronic components, but the respective specifications may be different.
- the electrical and / or electronic components are in this case interconnected in the same way.
- the strands have resistors with different ohmic resistances. If the separating device has a number of strands, in this case the values of the ohmic resistance are preferably increased by a particular constant multiple in each case.
- the multiple is in particular an integer multiple and, for example, two or three.
- each one of the strands thus has an ohmic resistance of 20 ohms, 40 ohms, 80 ohms, ... or 20 ohms, 60 ohms, 180 ohms, ..., provided that the smallest resistance in each case has a resistance of 20 ohms having.
- a comparatively precise adjustment of the electrical voltage across the switch is made possible.
- manufacturing costs are reduced due to the use of identical parts.
- the voltage limiter preferably has a shift register which has a first and a second output.
- the second output is preferably located directly next to the first output.
- the first output is preferably first driven and then the second output.
- the second output is controlled exactly when the control of the first output is completed. Thus, when the shift register is driven, driving of the first output is stopped and that of the second output is taken.
- each switching element has a control input, by means of which a switching position of the switching element can be influenced.
- the switching element is suitably electrically conductive if a signal is applied to the control input, that is, if it is controlled.
- the control input of one of the switching elements is guided against the first output of the shift register, in particular directly.
- the control input of this switching element is electrically directly or signal-technically contacted directly with the first output of the shift register. advantage.
- the control input of this switching element is guided against a first input of an OR logic switch.
- a second input of the OR logic switch is guided against the second output of the shift register, in particular directly.
- the OR logic switch also has an output which is guided against the control input of one of the further switching elements. If a level is present at one of the inputs of the OR logic switch, a level is preferably also applied to the output of the OR logic switch. Consequently, the OR logic switch is active if an active signal is applied to one of the two inputs. Only if there is no active signal (level) at either the first or the second input is the output of the OR logic switch also not active.
- the OR logic switch is in particular an OR gate. If a signal is thus present at the first output by means of the shift register, the switching element which is coupled to the first output is activated.
- the other switching element is activated because a signal is applied to the first input of the OR logic switch. Consequently, at least two switching elements of the voltage limiter are connected, which is why at least two of the strings of the voltage limiter are electrically conductive. As a result, the voltage drop across the switch is relatively low.
- the shift register preferably also has further outputs, for example a third, fourth, fifth ... output. In particular, the number of these outputs is equal to the number of strands.
- the control input of each of the switching elements is guided against the output of an OR logic switch, whose one input is guided against the control input of a further switching element and whose second input is guided against one of the outputs of the shift register.
- the first output of the shift register corresponds in particular to a channel 1, and the second output corresponds in particular to a channel 2.
- a start output of the shift register is free.
- the start output corresponds in particular to a channel 0 and is located in front of the first output.
- the first output is between the start output and the second output.
- the start output is not busy and there is no electrical or electronic component connected to it. Consequently, the starting output is electrically loose and no further or electronic component is electrically contacted with it. Consequently, in the normal state, the switching elements are in the electrically non-conductive state, and the electrical resistance of the voltage limiter is comparatively large. Therefore, in the event of a malfunction of the shift register or other components of the voltage register, an unwanted electric current flow via the voltage limiter is essentially ruled out. sen, even if the electrical voltage across the switch is comparatively large.
- the shift register expediently comprises a reset input. By activating the reset input, the shift register is brought to a defined state. In particular, the start output of the shift register is activated if a signal is present at the reset input. Conveniently, an end output of the shift register is guided against the reset input.
- the final output of the shift register is, in particular, that output of the shift register which is located directly next to an output of the shift register, which is routed to an OR logic switch. If therefore only the first or second input of the OR logic switch is occupied, that is, if only two switching elements are controlled by means of the shift register, the final output corresponds to the third output.
- the final output of the shift register is driven, and the shift register is consequently restored to the original state.
- the starting output of the shift register is expediently free, so that it is controlled in time to the end output.
- a diode is connected between the final output and the reset input, which avoids damaging the shift register.
- the final output is the last occupied channel of the shift register.
- a voltage supply source is fed against the reset input of the shift register, for example via a capacitor.
- the power source itself is a capacitor, for example.
- the capacitor is connected to the switch in such a way that when the switch is opened, an electrical voltage generated via the switch serves to supply the voltage supply source.
- the switch is a mechanical switch, and a possibly resulting arc voltage is used to power the Power supply source. Consequently, if the power supply source is activated, the shift register is transferred to a certain defined state, so that it is ready for operation.
- the shift register comprises a time input.
- the outputs of the shift register are successively controlled through.
- the control of the outputs is changed so that they are incremented each time.
- the time input of the shift register is operatively connected to a control input of the switch.
- the operative connection is such that a driving of the outputs of the shift register is also possible if no signal is present at the control input of the switch.
- the switch is in an electrically conductive state when a signal is applied to the control input of the switch. As a result, the shift register is activated when the switch is opened. In this way, unintentional activation of the shift register is substantially eliminated, which increases security.
- the voltage limiter comprises a timer.
- the timer is operatively connected to the time input of the shift register. Consequently, the shift register is actuated by means of the timer, wherein by means of the timer, preferably a specific clock signal is provided, which in particular has a constant period.
- the timer is directly connected to the time input of the shift register.
- the control input of the switch is routed against a first input of a logic switch and a time output of the timer against the second input of the logic switch.
- a control signal is expediently provided periodically at the time output of the timer.
- the output of the logic switch is in particular directed against the time input of the shift register.
- the output of the logic switch is at a level when a level is applied to the first input of the logic switch and / or to the second input of the logic switch, the level hereby designating in particular a signal other than zero (0).
- the control input of the switch is operatively connected to the timer.
- counting that is to say an output of the clock signal
- the control input of the switch is connected to a reset terminal of the timer. As long as a signal is applied to the reset terminal of the timer, this is kept in particular in a basic or start state.
- the shift register is only incremented when the switch of the separator is opened.
- the logic switch is formed by two NOR gates or includes this, wherein the control input of the switch and the time output of the timer are guided against the two inputs of one of the NOR gates.
- the output of the NOR gate is split to the two inputs of the other NOR gate whose output is directed against the time input of the shift register.
- the timer is a NE555.
- "OUT" is the time output, which is for example directed against the logic switch or directly against the time input of the shift register ..
- "OUT" is led by means of a diode against the "TRIG” (trigger terminal), which in particular by means of a resistive divider is routed to a terminal of the switch, which in use preferably has an electrical potential different from zero (0).
- "TRIG” trigger terminal
- GND GND terminal
- RESET reset terminal
- the NE555 is realized as a monostable flip-flop.
- a series connection of a further resistor and a capacitor is connected in parallel to the switching element. If the voltage limiter has a number of such circuit elements, in particular at least one of the switching elements, the series circuit of the further resistor and the capacity is switched in parallel. Preferably, only one of the switching elements, the series circuit of the further resistor and the capacitor is connected in parallel, so that the voltage limiter has only a single further resistor and a single capacitance. Alternatively, in each case a series connection of a further resistor and a capacitor is connected in parallel to a number of the switching elements, for example to all switching elements, so that the number of further resistors and the number of capacitances respectively correspond to the number of switching elements.
- the series circuit is preferably connected in parallel to that switching element which is guided against the output of the shift register adjacent to the final output is.
- the capacity is preferably a capacitor. If the switching element is in the electrically non-conductive state, an RC circuit is formed by means of the resistance of this strand and the further resistor and the capacitance, which receives a possible further flowing electric current. Thus, an electrical current flow through the voltage limiter is always possible, even if the electrical resistance is comparatively large.
- the further resistance is comparatively large, so that the electric current is led to zero (0), even if a comparatively large inductance is switched by means of the separating device. Due to the strings of the voltage limiter, the flowing electric current is comparatively small, so that the capacitance can be dimensioned comparatively small, which saves manufacturing costs.
- an additional resistor is connected in parallel with the capacitance. The additional resistance ensures that the capacity is always discharged.
- the voltage limiter is expediently based on analog technology. In other words, the voltage limiter is created in analog technology. If the voltage limiter consequently has the OR logic switch, the timer, the logic switch and / or the shift register, these are based in particular on analog technology and are manufactured in it. In this way, a robustness is increased. In addition, production costs are reduced.
- the separation device is particularly preferably used in a circuit breaker. In particular, the separator is used to switch an inductive load, for example, to disconnect it from a power grid.
- an energy source which is, for example, the power supply source is used for the operation of the separation device. By means of the energy source in particular the shift register, the timer and / or the switching element is energized.
- the circuit breaker comprises a sensor and a disconnecting device, which are in particular coupled together, for example electrically or by signal technology.
- the separator comprises a switch and a voltage limiter connected in parallel with the switch and comprising a number of strings connected in parallel with each string having a resistance, and wherein at least one of the strings comprises a switching element connected in series with the resistance of the string is switched.
- the sensor is for example a voltage or current sensor.
- the sensor is adapted, in particular provided and arranged to detect an electric current or an electrical voltage.
- the separating device is expediently actuated as a function of a measured value of the sensor.
- the separating device is actuated when the electric current or the electrical voltage is greater than or equal to a threshold value.
- the circuit breaker comprises a control device, such as a microprocessor, by means of which the measured values of the sensor are evaluated and / or the switch is actuated.
- the circuit breaker is electrically contacted, for example by means of a photovoltaic system or a photovoltaic module and, for example, a component of a photovoltaic system or a photovoltaic power plant.
- the circuit breaker is a component of a vehicle electrical system.
- a high-voltage vehicle electrical system which has an electrical voltage greater than 100 volts, 200 volts, 300 volts or 400 volts and, for example, less than
- the vehicle is for example an aircraft and the electrical system serves, for example, to supply actuators of the aircraft.
- the vehicle is a motor vehicle, in particular an electric or hybrid vehicle.
- the circuit breaker is a component of the electrical system, which serves to energize a main drive of the motor vehicle.
- the circuit breaker is part of an industrial plant and preferably serves to protect a robot, which is energized for example by means of a converter intermediate circuit.
- the circuit breaker is particularly intended to switch electrical currents greater than or equal to 10 amps, 100 amperes, 200 amps, 300 amps, 500 amps or 600 amps. Conveniently, the maximum switchable with the circuit breaker electrical current is 900 amps, 1 000 ampere,
- the switchable with the circuit breaker electrical voltage is greater than 10 volts, 50 volts, 100 volts or 200 volts. In particular, the switchable electrical voltage is less than 500 volts, 600 volts, 700 volts or 1, 000 volts.
- a circuit breaker which has a sensor and a separating device, which are in particular coupled together, for example electrically and / or signal technically.
- the separator comprises a switch and a voltage limiter connected in parallel with the switch and comprising a number of strings connected in parallel, each string having a resistance, and wherein at least one of the strings comprises a switching element connected in series with the resistor the strand is switched.
- the sensor is for example a voltage or current sensor.
- the electrical system is particularly preferably a high-voltage electrical system, by means of which an electric current with a current greater than 10 amps, 20 amperes, 50 amps, 100 amps or 200 amps.
- the maximum electrical current carried by the high-voltage vehicle electrical system is less than 2,000 amperes, 1,800 amperes, or 1,500 amperes.
- the electrical voltage of the high-voltage vehicle electrical system is greater than 100 volts, 200 volts, 300 volts or 350 volts. Conveniently, the electrical voltage of the high-voltage vehicle electrical system is less than 1, 000 volts, 800 volts or 600 volts.
- the circuit breaker is used to protect a supply circuit, such as a DC link, an industrial plant.
- a supply circuit such as a DC link
- an inverter comprises the circuit breaker.
- the circuit breaker is used in an industrial application, for example, to secure a robot.
- the supply circuit has, for example, an electrical voltage between 500 V and 1000 V, in particular 800 V.
- the method is for operating a current interruption isolation device, particularly a circuit breaker, having a switch and a voltage limiter connected in parallel with the switch having a number of strings connected in parallel with each string having a resistance and at least one of the strings a switching element connected in series with the resistance of the string.
- the method provides that after opening the switch, the switching element is closed for a period of time.
- the switching element for example a second time period, has already been brought into an electrically conductive state before the switch is opened.
- the switching element is closed when the switch is closed.
- the switching element is closed at the same time as the opening of the switch. After the expiry of the period, the switching element is opened.
- the switch when the switch is opened, the electric current flowing across the isolator commutes completely to the voltage limiter, namely to the strings. Due to the parallel connection of the resistors, the electrical resistance is reduced. After the lapse of time, the switching element is opened, which leads to an increase in the electrical resistance of the voltage limiter leads.
- the method provides that at least one of the switching elements, for example all switching elements, is closed after opening the switch for the period of time.
- the switching elements are opened successively in time, wherein all switching elements are advantageously closed when opening the switch initially.
- the time span exists between actuation of the individual switching elements, so that the electrical resistance of the voltage limiter is increased.
- Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the separation device
- 5 shows a method for operating the separating device.
- first, second, third component serves in particular only to designate the respective component. In particular, this does not imply the presence of a certain number of components.
- a motor vehicle 2 with drive wheels 4 and non-driven wheels 6 is shown schematically simplified.
- the drive wheels 4 are coupled to an electric motor 8, which has a converter, not shown.
- the power to the converter / electric motor 8 by means of a high-voltage battery 10, by means of which an electrical energy is provided, wherein between the two poles of the high-voltage battery, an electrical voltage of 400 volts is applied.
- the high-voltage battery 10 is coupled by means of an electrical line 1 2 with the inverter / electric motor 8, wherein by means of the electric line 1 2, an electric current flow of up to 1, 000 amps is performed.
- the high-voltage battery 10, the electric line 1 2 and the inverter / electric motor 8 are components of a high-voltage vehicle electrical system 14th
- this has a circuit breaker 1 6, which triggers in an overcurrent, ie at an electrical current flow exceeding 1 000 ampere, and which is caused for example due to a short circuit within the inverter / electric motor 8, and consequently the High-voltage battery 10 electrically disconnects from the inverter / electric motor 8.
- the motor vehicle 2 further has a low-voltage on-board electrical system 18 with a low-voltage battery 20, between whose respective electrical poles an electrical voltage of 12 volts or 48 volts is applied.
- the low-voltage electrical system 18 further comprises a number of actuators 22, by means of which adjusting parts, such as windows or seats, can be electrically adjusted.
- the circuit breaker 16 is shown schematically simplified in Fig.
- the separating device 24 includes a separator 24 which is inserted into the electrical line 12.
- the separating device 24 is signal-wise coupled to a control unit 26 which is signal-coupled with a sensor 28.
- the sensor 28 is a current sensor, by means of which an electrical current flow prevailing in the electrical line 12 can be measured without contact.
- the sensor 28 comprises a Hall sensor.
- the control unit 26 is further coupled to an interface 30, which is connected in the assembled state to a bus system of the motor vehicle 2. By means of the interface 30, it is possible to control the control unit 26. During operation, an overcurrent is detected, for example, by means of the sensor 28, or a specific signal is received via the interface 30. Following this, the separating device 24 is actuated by means of the control unit 26, so that an electric current flow is prevented via the electrical line 12. If this has been done, the state of the separation device 24 is forwarded via the interface 30 to the bus system.
- the separation device 24 is shown schematically simplified.
- the separating device 24 has a switch 32 which is introduced into the electrical line 12.
- the switch comprises an IGBT and has a control input 34, by means of which the switching state of the IGBT can be changed.
- Parallel to the switch 32 a voltage limiter 36 is connected.
- the voltage limiter 36 has a number of strings 38 which are connected in parallel with one another and have the same circuit. All strands 38 are connected in parallel with the switch 32.
- the voltage limiter 36 comprises a timer 40.
- the timer 40 is a NE555 module, and the timer 40 is an electrical voltage, provided that the switch 32 is in an open position, that is electrically non-conductive.
- the voltage limiter 36 comprises a shift register 42.
- the shift register 42 is supplied with specific clocks by means of the timer. Also, the shift register 42 is connected to the control unit. gear 34 of the switch 32 operatively connected. By means of the shift register 42, the strands 38 are controlled.
- the voltage limiter 36 is based on analog technology. In other words, both the strands 38 and the timer 40 and the shift register 42 are designed as analog components.
- FIG. 4 shows a comparatively detailed circuit diagram of the separation device 36, with the strands 38 connected in parallel with the switch 32.
- the voltage limiter 36 has a first strand 38a, a second strand 38a
- Strand 38b, a third strand 38c, a fourth strand 38d and a fifth strand 38e which are connected to each other in parallel and parallel to the switch 32.
- one of the terminals of the switch 32 is grounded, so that all strands 38a, 38b, 38c, 38d, 38e are guided to ground.
- the strands 38 are identical to each other and each have a resistor 44 and a switching element 46 in the form of an IGBT.
- each of the strands 38 in each case one of the switching elements 46.
- the resistor 44 and the switching element 46 of each strand 38 are connected in series with each other.
- the ohmic resistance of the individual strands 38a, 38b, 38c, 38d, 38e is at least partially increased by an integer multiple.
- the ohmic resistance of the resistor 44 of the first strand 38a is 20 ohms
- the ohmic resistance of the resistor 44 of the second strand 38b is 40 ohms
- the ohmic resistance of the resistor 44 of the third strand 38c is 80 ohms
- the ohmic resistance of the resistor 44 of The fourth and fifth strings 38d, 38e are each 160 ohms.
- Parallel to the switching element 46 of the fifth strand 38e, a series connection of a further resistor 48 and a capacitor 50 in the form of a capacitor is connected.
- the capacitor 50 is guided against the potential of one of the terminals of the switch 32, that is ground.
- the capacitor 50 itself is bridged by means of an additional resistor 52, which is thus connected in parallel with the capacitor 50.
- the ohmic resistance of the further resistor 48 is equal to the ohmic resistance of the resistor 44 of the fifth strand 38e and is 160 ohms.
- the ohmic resistance of the additional resistor 52 is for example 1 MOhm.
- Each switching element 46 has a control input 54, by means of which the switching state of the respective switching element 46 can be adjusted. If the switching element 46 is set by means of the control input 54 such that it is in an electrically non-conductive state, a flow of current via just this strand 38 is prevented.
- the voltage limiter 36 has a first OR logic switch 56, a second OR logic switch 58, a third OR logic switch 60 and a fourth OR logic switch 62, which are each OR gates.
- the control input 54 of the switching element 46 of the first strand 38a is guided against a first output 64 of the shift register 42 and against a first input 66 of the first OR logic switch 56.
- the control input 54 of the switching element 46 of the second strand 38b is guided against an output 68 of the first logic switch 56 and against a first input 70 of the second OR logic switch 58.
- the control input 54 of the switching element 46 of the third strand 38c is guided against an output 72 of the second OR logic switch 58 and a first input 72 of the third OR logic switch 60.
- the control input 54 of the switching element 46 of the fourth strand 38 d is guided against an output 76 of the third OR logic switch 60 and a first input 78 of the fourth OR logic switch 62.
- the control input 54 of the switching element 46 of the fifth strand 38 e is guided against an output 80 of the fourth OR logic switch 62 as well as both inputs of a first NOR gate 82.
- a second output 84 of the shift register 42 is guided against a second output 86 of the first OR logic switch 56.
- a third output 88 of the shift register 42 is guided against a second input 90 of the second OR logic switch 58.
- a fourth output 92 of the shift register 42 is routed against a second input 94 of the third OR logic switch 60.
- a fifth output 96 of the shift register 42 is routed against a second input 98 of the fourth OR logic switch 62.
- the OR logic switches 56, 58, 58, 60, 62 are identical. Furthermore, a level is applied to the respective output 68, 72, 76, 80 when a level is applied to at least one of the inputs 66, 68 or 70, or 74, 74 or 78, 98.
- a start output 100 of the shift register 42 is free and thus electrically contacted with no other electrical or electronic component.
- An end output 102 of the shift register 42 is guided via a first diode 104 against a reset input 106 of the shift register 42. In this case, only a current flow from the end output 102 to the reset input 106 is made possible by means of the diode 104.
- the start output 1 00 is initially activated. Following this, the first output 64, the second output 84, the third output 88, the fourth output 92, the fifth output 96 and subsequently the end output 102 are driven, the control depending on a voltage applied to a time input 108 Control signal takes place.
- the start output 100 thus corresponds to the channel Q0, the first output 64 to the channel Q1, the second output 84 to the channel Q2 ... to the end output 102 corresponding to the channel Q6.
- the reset input 106 of the shift register 42 is guided via a second capacitor 1 10 against a power supply source 1 12, by means of which a DC voltage of 15 volts is provided. Also, the reset input 106 is passed through a second resistor 1 14 to ground. The second resistor 1 14 is connected in parallel with a second diode 1 16, by means of which a current flow of ground to the reset input 106 is enabled.
- the timer 40 is connected as a monostable multivibrator.
- a GND terminal 1 18 to ground and a supply voltage terminal 120 against the power supply source 1 12 are performed.
- a control port 122 is connected to ground via a third capacitor 124.
- a discharge connection 126 is conducted against a threshold terminal 128 and via a fourth capacitor 130 to ground.
- the Discharge terminal 126 and the threshold terminal 128 are guided by means of a third resistor 132 against the power source 1 12.
- a trigger terminal 134 is electrically contacted by means of a voltage divider 136 to the electrical line 12.
- the trigger terminal 134 is guided by means of a fourth resistor 138 to the electrical line 12 and by means of a fifth resistor 139 to ground.
- a time output 140 of the timer 40 is fed to the trigger terminal 134 by means of a third diode 142, allowing current to flow to the time output 140 to the trigger terminal 134.
- the time output 140 is also routed against a second input 144 of a logic switch 146.
- a first input 148 of the logic switch 146 is guided against the control input 34 of the switch 32.
- the logic switch 146 has a second NOR gate 150, the inputs of which form the inputs 144, 148 of the logic switch 146.
- the output of the second NOR gate 150 is fed to the two inputs of a third NOR gate 152.
- the output of the third NOR gate 152 forms an output 154 of the logic switch 146, which is guided against the time input 108 of the shift register 42.
- the output 154 of the logic switch 148 has a level just when either a level (signal) is applied to either the first input 148 or the second input 144 of the logic switch 146.
- the time input 108 of the shift register 42 is operatively connected to the control input 34 of the switch 32.
- the control input 34 is guided against an input of a fourth NOR gate 154, whose further input is guided against the output of the first NOR gate 82.
- the output of the fourth NOR gate is routed against a reset terminal 156 of the timer 40.
- a method 158 for operating the separator 24 is shown.
- a level is applied to the reset input 106 of the shift register 42 by means of the voltage supply source 12, so that the starting output 100 is activated.
- all switching elements 46 are disabled and substantially no current flow through the voltage limiter 36 is possible.
- the switch 32 is in the open state and via the separator 24 can not flow electrical current.
- the switch 32 is driven such that it closes.
- a third step 1 64 the switch 32 is opened, so that no signal is applied to the control input 34.
- the electric current commutes completely to the strands 38, so that even with an inductively connected to the electrical line 12 load an electric current flow through the separator 24 persists, and thus forming a comparatively large electrical voltage to the switch 32 is prevented.
- the ohmic resistance of the voltage limiter 36 is increased in comparison to the ohmic resistance of the switch 32, an electrical voltage occurring across the voltage divider 136 increases.
- the voltage applied to the trigger terminal 134 of the timer 40 is given.
- the timer 40 is connected as a monostable flip-flop.
- the minimum pulse width is determined by means of the third resistor 132 and the fourth capacitor 130.
- the fourth capacitor 130 is charged by the third resistor 132 when a signal is applied to the time output 140. This takes place until the voltage applied to the threshold terminal 128 is below 2/3 of the operating voltage. Since a new pulse can only start when the voltage at the trigger terminal 134 has dropped below 1/3 of the operating voltage, the time output is fed back to the trigger terminal 134 by means of the third diode 142.
- the RC circuit which consists of the further resistor 48 and the capacitor 50 and partly by means of the capacitance 44 of the fifth leg 38e is formed, the remaining inductively stored electrical energy, so that the electrical current flowing through the voltage limiter 36 is forced to zero.
- the additional resistor 52 By means of the additional resistor 52, a discharge of the capacitor 50 is ensured.
- the electrical resistance of the voltage limiter 36 is successively increased in time, wherein an increase only takes place when the flowing electric current is below a certain limit value.
- This limit is set by means of the resistors 44.
- GND terminal 120 supply voltage connection
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- Computing Systems (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
- Power Conversion In General (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102016216331.0A DE102016216331B3 (de) | 2016-08-30 | 2016-08-30 | Trennvorrichtung zur Stromunterbrechung, Schutzschalter mit einem Sensor und einer Trennvorrichtung sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Trennvorrichtung |
PCT/EP2017/067225 WO2018041452A1 (de) | 2016-08-30 | 2017-07-10 | Trennvorrichtung |
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EP3507876A1 true EP3507876A1 (de) | 2019-07-10 |
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EP17742390.2A Withdrawn EP3507876A1 (de) | 2016-08-30 | 2017-07-10 | Trennvorrichtung |
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US (1) | US11011903B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3507876A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP6986549B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR102245641B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN109661756B (de) |
CA (1) | CA3034954C (de) |
DE (1) | DE102016216331B3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2018041452A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102017204695A1 (de) * | 2017-03-21 | 2018-09-27 | Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh | Überspannungsschutz |
US10763659B2 (en) | 2019-01-29 | 2020-09-01 | Arc Suppression Technologies | Power contact fault clearing device |
DE102019205744B3 (de) * | 2019-04-18 | 2020-08-06 | Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh | Verfahren zum Erkennen eines Fehlerstroms |
DE102019206267B3 (de) * | 2019-05-02 | 2020-09-10 | Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh | Schutzschalter |
CN114600330A (zh) * | 2019-09-11 | 2022-06-07 | 电弧抑制技术公司 | 电力接触故障清除设备 |
GB2597738A (en) | 2020-07-31 | 2022-02-09 | Aptiv Tech Ltd | A method and switching circuit for connecting and disconnecting current to a load having inductance |
CN114221315A (zh) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-22 | 广东福德电子有限公司 | 一种高效直流阻感负载快速断开方法 |
CN114221317B (zh) * | 2021-12-14 | 2023-04-07 | 广东福德电子有限公司 | 一种低成本直流阻感负载快速断开方法 |
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EP0945983A2 (de) * | 1998-03-23 | 1999-09-29 | Electric Boat Corporation | Verfahren und Anordnung zum Unterbrechen einer Gleichstromschaltung |
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SE9803934D0 (sv) * | 1997-12-15 | 1998-11-18 | Asea Brown Boveri | An electric switching device and a method for performing electric disconnection of a load |
AT410867B (de) * | 2001-04-06 | 2003-08-25 | Siemens Ag Oesterreich | Spannungsversorgung mit abschaltsicherung |
DE10137875C1 (de) * | 2001-08-02 | 2003-04-30 | Dialog Semiconductor Gmbh | Lade/Entlade-Schutzschaltung |
FR2835946A1 (fr) * | 2002-02-11 | 2003-08-15 | St Microelectronics Sa | Transpondeur electromagnetique a code programmable |
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2016
- 2016-08-30 DE DE102016216331.0A patent/DE102016216331B3/de active Active
-
2017
- 2017-07-10 JP JP2019506494A patent/JP6986549B2/ja active Active
- 2017-07-10 CA CA3034954A patent/CA3034954C/en active Active
- 2017-07-10 CN CN201780052800.XA patent/CN109661756B/zh active Active
- 2017-07-10 EP EP17742390.2A patent/EP3507876A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-07-10 WO PCT/EP2017/067225 patent/WO2018041452A1/de unknown
- 2017-07-10 KR KR1020197008902A patent/KR102245641B1/ko active IP Right Grant
-
2019
- 2019-02-28 US US16/288,902 patent/US11011903B2/en active Active
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US3534226A (en) * | 1967-11-09 | 1970-10-13 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Sequential switching circuit breaker for high power ac or dc power transmission circuits |
CH514225A (de) * | 1970-04-10 | 1971-10-15 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Schalteinrichtung für das Abschalten von Gleichstrom-Hochspannungsleitungen |
EP0945983A2 (de) * | 1998-03-23 | 1999-09-29 | Electric Boat Corporation | Verfahren und Anordnung zum Unterbrechen einer Gleichstromschaltung |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN109661756A (zh) | 2019-04-19 |
KR20190042685A (ko) | 2019-04-24 |
US20190199082A1 (en) | 2019-06-27 |
DE102016216331B3 (de) | 2018-01-18 |
JP6986549B2 (ja) | 2021-12-22 |
CA3034954C (en) | 2023-08-01 |
CA3034954A1 (en) | 2018-03-08 |
CN109661756B (zh) | 2020-09-18 |
KR102245641B1 (ko) | 2021-04-27 |
JP2019528664A (ja) | 2019-10-10 |
US11011903B2 (en) | 2021-05-18 |
WO2018041452A1 (de) | 2018-03-08 |
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