EP3405397A2 - Verfahren zur herstellung von verpackungen mit einer geänderten atmosphäre und verpackungsmaschine mit einem sensor zum messen einer konzentration einer substanz der gasphase in einer verpackung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von verpackungen mit einer geänderten atmosphäre und verpackungsmaschine mit einem sensor zum messen einer konzentration einer substanz der gasphase in einer verpackungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3405397A2 EP3405397A2 EP17700831.5A EP17700831A EP3405397A2 EP 3405397 A2 EP3405397 A2 EP 3405397A2 EP 17700831 A EP17700831 A EP 17700831A EP 3405397 A2 EP3405397 A2 EP 3405397A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- packaging
- package
- sensor
- packaging machine
- atmosphere
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B25/00—Packaging other articles presenting special problems
- B65B25/001—Packaging other articles presenting special problems of foodstuffs, combined with their conservation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B31/00—Packaging articles or materials under special atmospheric or gaseous conditions; Adding propellants to aerosol containers
- B65B31/02—Filling, closing, or filling and closing, containers or wrappers in chambers maintained under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure or containing a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas
- B65B31/021—Filling, closing, or filling and closing, containers or wrappers in chambers maintained under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure or containing a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas the containers or wrappers being interconnected
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B31/00—Packaging articles or materials under special atmospheric or gaseous conditions; Adding propellants to aerosol containers
- B65B31/04—Evacuating, pressurising or gasifying filled containers or wrappers by means of nozzles through which air or other gas, e.g. an inert gas, is withdrawn or supplied
- B65B31/044—Evacuating, pressurising or gasifying filled containers or wrappers by means of nozzles through which air or other gas, e.g. an inert gas, is withdrawn or supplied the nozzles being combined with a filling device
- B65B31/045—Evacuating, pressurising or gasifying filled containers or wrappers by means of nozzles through which air or other gas, e.g. an inert gas, is withdrawn or supplied the nozzles being combined with a filling device of Vertical Form-Fill-Seal [VFFS] machines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B61/00—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on sheets, blanks, webs, binding material, containers or packages
- B65B61/02—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on sheets, blanks, webs, binding material, containers or packages for perforating, scoring, slitting, or applying code or date marks on material prior to packaging
- B65B61/025—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on sheets, blanks, webs, binding material, containers or packages for perforating, scoring, slitting, or applying code or date marks on material prior to packaging for applying, e.g. printing, code or date marks on material prior to packaging
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B61/00—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on sheets, blanks, webs, binding material, containers or packages
- B65B61/20—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on sheets, blanks, webs, binding material, containers or packages for adding cards, coupons or other inserts to package contents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B9/00—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, e.g. liquids or semiliquids, in flat, folded, or tubular webs of flexible sheet material; Subdividing filled flexible tubes to form packages
- B65B9/02—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material between opposed webs
- B65B9/04—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material between opposed webs one or both webs being formed with pockets for the reception of the articles, or of the quantities of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B9/00—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, e.g. liquids or semiliquids, in flat, folded, or tubular webs of flexible sheet material; Subdividing filled flexible tubes to form packages
- B65B9/10—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs
- B65B9/20—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs the webs being formed into tubes in situ around the filling nozzles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/20—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material
- G01M3/22—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators
- G01M3/226—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators for containers, e.g. radiators
- G01M3/229—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators for containers, e.g. radiators removably mounted in a test cell
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
- G01M3/32—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators
- G01M3/3236—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators by monitoring the interior space of the containers
- G01M3/3272—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators by monitoring the interior space of the containers for verifying the internal pressure of closed containers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
- G01M3/32—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators
- G01M3/3281—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators removably mounted in a test cell
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/40—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using electric means, e.g. by observing electric discharges
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/7703—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator using reagent-clad optical fibres or optical waveguides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/90—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in a container or its contents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/90—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in a container or its contents
- G01N21/9054—Inspection of sealing surface and container finish
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/22—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators
- G01N31/223—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators for investigating presence of specific gases or aerosols
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/22—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators
- G01N31/223—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators for investigating presence of specific gases or aerosols
- G01N31/225—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators for investigating presence of specific gases or aerosols for oxygen, e.g. including dissolved oxygen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N2021/7769—Measurement method of reaction-produced change in sensor
- G01N2021/7786—Fluorescence
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
- G01N21/783—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour for analysing gases
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a packaging, preferably a food packaging and / or packaging other sensitive, such as sterile products. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the packaging machine itself.
- Food packaging increases the shelf life of foods, but only if they are dense.
- the sealing seam between a packaging tray, in which the food is located and a top film, which is sealed to the packaging tray a weak point because it may be dirty and / or the required temperature, the required pressure and / or the required sealing time at least locally not complied with and / or unwanted wrinkles in top film and / or packaging tray exist.
- Such packaging is then leaky from the beginning or after some time.
- this exchange is incomplete, which in turn can reduce the useful life of the packaged food or other packaging goods.
- the object is achieved with a method for producing a package with a changed atmosphere in which a top film is sealed to a packaging tray, wherein before the seal in the packaging tray initially generates a negative pressure and / or then introduced a replacement gas in the packaging tray or only one Vacuum is generated and in which immediately after sealing, for example in the sealing tool, and / or downstream of the seal, a measurement of a component of the changed atmosphere with a sensor takes place and in which the signal of the sensor to determine the desired vacuum and / or the target pressure is used after introduction of the replacement gas and / or the desired amount of replacement gas.
- the present invention relates to a method for packaging a packaged product, in particular a foodstuff or another sensitive, for example sterile, packaged good, preferably in a plastic film, which may also be made of several layers and consisting of different materials.
- the packaging may have a deep-drawn packaging tray, which is filled with the packaged goods and then sealed with a lid, in particular a cover sheet. The lidding foil is sealed to the packaging tray. Before sealing, a gas exchange is preferably carried out in the packaging trough.
- the replacement gas in particular an inert gas, for example, CO2 and / or N2 is preferably introduced into the packaging tray and thereby lowered the oxygen concentration in the packaging tray, which increases, for example, the shelf life of the packaged food.
- the replacement gas in particular an inert gas, for example, CO2 and / or N2 is preferably introduced into the packaging tray and thereby lowered the oxygen concentration in the packaging tray, which increases, for example, the shelf life of the packaged food.
- it is also possible to flush the atmosphere located in the packaging cavity with the replacement gas from the packaging ie to change the atmosphere in the packaging tray without prior generation of a negative pressure in the packaging tray.
- These packages are often referred to as so-called vacuum packaging.
- a so-called skin and / or shrink packaging in which the plastic film encloses the packaged goods at least partially, preferably in full circumference.
- skin and shrink packaging a negative pressure is generated in the packaging, so that the packaging film fits tightly against the packaged goods.
- the gas exchange / negative pressure can take place in and / or upstream and / or downstream of the sealing station and before or preferably after filling the packaging tray with packaged goods. In the case of downstream gas exchange, this would take place, for example, through a valve in the film.
- the concentration of at least one constituent for example the oxygen concentration, the changed atmosphere and / or the pressure thereof is measured with a suitable sensor in the sealing station and / or downstream of the gas exchange.
- the measurement can be carried out in any manner known to those skilled in the art.
- the concentration of at least one component of the atmosphere in the package is determined by analysis of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the package.
- the signal of this sensor is transmitted to a control / regulation of the packaging machine, which determines therefrom the setpoint value for at least one controllable parameter on the packaging machine and / or controls or regulates at least one parameter of the packaging machine on the basis of this measurement.
- the temperature and / or the temperature distribution of the molds in particular the die and / or a stamp and / or
- the desired value of the negative pressure and / or the desired value for the pressure of the replacement gas after the gas exchange and / or the desired amount of replacement gas are determined with the signal of the sensor. This is done for example by a comparison with default values.
- the quality of the replacement gas whose concentration can additionally or alternatively be measured / tested according to the same measuring method, for example in the supply line and / or tank of the replacement gas and / or the unmixed individual gases, wherein the measurement of the unmixed Individual gases, for example, simplifies the misrecognition.
- the oxygen content in the liquids present and / or the humidity and / or the water vapor content of the atmosphere for example in the steam evacuation process, can be measured in the package.
- the signal of the sensor can be transmitted additionally or exclusively to a control / regulation outside the packaging machine.
- This so-called external control in turn communicates preferably at least with parts of the packaging machines and / or neighboring machines, for example with a labeler and / or ejection device, the / the example in the area of the packaging machine or behind it, and / or also with machines of the further processing and / or upstream processes.
- the composition of the exchange gas is changed based on the signal of the sensor. If, for example, the oxygen concentration in a package of a format is in particular too high, the proportion of the replacement gas can be changed.
- Yet another inventive or preferred subject matter of the present invention is a method for detecting wear and / or confusion of a machine component and / or a misalignment in a packaging machine based on a measurement of at least one component in the atmosphere of the package.
- Packaging machines can be operated with different tools, for example mold and / or sealing tools and / or fumigations and / or gassings, which, however, have to fit one another or to other components and / or settings of the packaging machine.
- the die of the forming station must match a die or the top die of the forming station.
- the tools for the loading and / or degassing for example a punch and / or a loading and / or degassing, must be suitable for the packaging produced in each case. If these tools do not fit together, tight packaging can not be created and / or the gas exchange is unsatisfactory.
- a mis-installed tool can be identified very quickly and the packaging machine stopped. Likewise, the damage and / or wear of the Sieve seal to incorrect gas concentration in the package and is thus individually detectable.
- a determination of the concentration of at least one component of the atmosphere in the packaging a malposition of a machine component, in particular a tool, determined and possibly corrected.
- a malposition within the meaning of the invention is a wrong assembly and / or a wrong movement of the component, in particular of the tool.
- the person skilled in the art knows that the movement that a tool makes in the production of packaging depends on the tool itself, for example its height. If this movement is not adjusted during a tool change, for example, the sealing pressure is not correct. By measuring at least one component of the atmosphere in the package, incorrect movement can be identified very quickly and the packaging machine stopped and / or the path of movement adjusted.
- Yet another object of the present invention is a method for retracting a packaging machine for producing a package with a changed atmosphere, in which a top film is sealed to a packaging tray, wherein before the seal in the packaging tray initially generates a negative pressure and / or in particular after a replacement gas is introduced into the packaging tray and takes place at the downstream and / or downstream of the seal, a measurement of a component of the changed atmosphere and / or the pressure with a sensor, wherein the retraction is based on the signal of the sensor.
- the components used to retract the packaging machine may either be an integral part of the packaging machine or separate therefrom, for example as a mobile unit used to retract packaging machines that do not incorporate such components.
- the concentration of at least one component of the atmosphere in the respective packaging is measured with a sensor and the packaging machine is retracted based on this measurement. For example adjusted by the measurement of the sensor, the generation of a negative pressure in the packaging and / or the gassing of the packaging with a replacement gas.
- the retraction of the packaging machine can take place efficiently with a low expenditure of time and / or with little loss of packaging materials.
- the packages are made in a format, i.
- a matrix of n ⁇ m packages is produced simultaneously, where n and / or m> 1.
- Each package of this format determines the concentration of a component of the atmosphere.
- the adjustment of at least one parameter of the packaging machine for example, the vacuum generation and / or the gassing with a replacement gas and thus, for example, the retraction.
- the concentration of a component of the gaseous phase at the package / packaging tray is first determined at which the largest deviations from the target value are expected. This is followed particularly preferably by the packaging / packaging tray in which the second largest deviations from the desired value are expected. This procedure is very particularly preferably carried out with at least one further packaging of the respective format. Should one of these measurements already result in too great a deviation from the nominal value, then, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the remaining measurements of a format can be dispensed with. Alternatively or additionally, according to a preferred embodiment, further measurements of a format can be dispensed with if the first measurement (s) are already acceptable.
- Yet another object of the present invention is the use of the signal of a sensor to measure at least one concentration in the atmosphere of a package and / or in the sealing station of a packaging machine for controlling devices upstream of the packaging machine.
- at least one sensor measures at least one concentration in the atmosphere of a closed and / or still open package and / or in the sealing station, in particular in the gas space of the sealing station surrounding the package.
- the signal from this sensor is used to control at least one component upstream of the packaging machine.
- the pressure in particular the negative pressure in a vacuum cutter and / or in a forming station, which presses, for example, a food, especially meat, preferably minced meat, pressed into a certain shape, controlled and / or regulated.
- the signal of the sensor can be used to control and / or regulate a heat and / or cold treatment of a food product in such a way that the outgassing behavior of the resulting product, for example for the life of the foodstuff, is optimal.
- the composition, pressure and / or volumetric flow of the protective gas can be controlled and / or regulated by means of the signal from the sensor such that outgassing of the product in the packaging is subsequently optimized and / or that only outgas those substances that are not negative for the durability of the product.
- control of the upstream device is due to multiple measurements of one or more sensors, the measurements being spaced from each other in time. This allows the outgassing behavior of the product in the packaging to be evaluated.
- the packaging of the food preferably takes place between two films, a lower and a top film.
- the bottom and / or top film has on its surface facing the packaged product, which is printed, for example, with the gas concentration indicator substance described below, preferably a PE or PET-containing layer.
- each package has a gas concentration indicator substance point that at least temporarily contacts the atmosphere of the package.
- a gas concentration indicator substance point comprises a substance in which a chemical and / or physical property changes with the concentration of a gas, for example, oxygen.
- concentration of a gas for example, oxygen.
- their color and / or the wavelength of their emitted light change.
- the substance is irradiated with visible light, preferably by an LED, in particular pulsed and thereby stimulated / stimulated and emits during and / or after the irradiation of fluorescent light, which has a different, in particular greater wavelength than the excitation light. Measured is, for example, the time shift due to the changed, especially larger wavelength. This change can be detected with a sensor.
- a point in the sense of the invention is a discrete point which can have any desired shape.
- the gas concentration indicator substance point may be linear, annular and / or circular or may have any other desired shape or may also be multi-part.
- the dot in the transport direction of the top and bottom sheets has a length of 4 to 14, preferably 6 to 12, more preferably 8 to 10 mm.
- the extent perpendicular thereto is preferably 4-14, preferably 6-10 mm.
- the senor and / or the illumination, in particular the LED at regular intervals and / or on request by a self-diagnosis.
- a classification into so-called "good” and “bad packages” takes place, wherein preferably only the good packages are provided with a label.
- poor packs are preferably discharged. If bad packages are detected during the production and the controller does not manage to bring the gas concentration back into the good window, then an unusual warning message with possible error list / checklist for the troubleshooting, for example also after the exclusion procedure.
- the measurement results obtained are used to control the negative pressure and / or the backfilling.
- the control variable taken is the packing of one or more formats in which the measured gas concentration deviates most from the desired value.
- Another preferred or inventive subject matter of the present invention is a method wherein the package has a gas concentration indicator substance point in contact with the atmosphere of the package and at which the temperature the gas concentration indicator substance point, the packaging tray, which may also be unshaped, the top film, the atmosphere in the package and / or a packaged article before and / or after the measurement of a constituent of the atmosphere. Alternatively or additionally, the pressure surrounding the gas concentration indicator substance point is measured.
- At least one of these measurements and / or a calculated value, for example one, in particular arithmetic mean, of several of these measurements is used to process the signal measured by the sensor, for example by a calibration value measured at a certain temperature / pressure to convert currently measured temperature / pressure.
- the temperature / pressure measurement is carried out without contact, for example with an infrared sensor, and in particular non-destructive.
- the package may include a sensor that measures temperature and / or pressure.
- Still another object of the present invention is a method in which the measurement of a component of the changed atmosphere is made with a gas concentration indicator substance point which is separated after the measurement.
- the gas concentration indicator substance point is separated after the measurement. Accordingly, there is no long-term detection of a particular concentration of a substance in the replacement gas, but only a production control.
- the gas concentration indicator substance point is separated during the separation of the packages.
- this embodiment of the present invention has the advantage that the visual impression of the package is not changed by the gas concentration indicator substance point. Before the separation, the packaging can be mechanically stressed.
- a classification into so-called "good” and “bad packages” takes place, wherein preferably only the good packages are provided with a label.
- poor packs are preferably discharged. If bad packages are detected during the production and the controller does not manage to bring the gas concentration back into the good window, then an unusual warning message with possible error list / checklist for the troubleshooting, for example also after the exclusion procedure.
- Yet another object of the present invention is a process for printing a film web with a substance in which the film web moves during the application of the substance and / or during the drying of the substance.
- This object of the present invention relates to a method for printing film webs, in particular inline, ie within a packaging machine.
- the film moves during the application of the substance.
- the ejection of the substance takes place in dependence on the film movement.
- the film movement in particular its covered path and / or its speed is detected.
- a roll located on the packaging machine is unrolled with packaging material and printed during rolling, especially when the film is moved along a substantially horizontal path, with the substance.
- the film can also be printed at standstill, ie without movement.
- the substance is solvent-containing.
- the solvent is methyl ethyl ketone (MEK).
- the solvent content of the substance is preferably 80-90% by weight, more preferably 83-86% by weight.
- this solvent is almost completely, preferably> 95%, in particular> 99% evaporated / evaporated before the packaging is closed, in particular before the printed area reaches the sealing station.
- the evaporation / evaporation of the solvent can also be improved by the evacuation of the packaging.
- the substance to be applied is not electrically conductive, more preferably it has no conductive salt, in particular to avoid encrustations on the ejection member.
- the substance is preferably protected from ultraviolet radiation during the entire printing process, in particular also when transporting the substance from a storage container to an ejection element, for example a nozzle.
- the nozzle is preferably a Teflon nozzle or a nozzle which is preferably coated with Teflon, but at least a nozzle whose surface has a non-stick effect against the substance and / or resistant to the solvent and / or the substance is.
- the nozzle has a compressed air connection which atomises the gas concentration indicator substance, wherein the nozzle is particularly preferably designed so that the mixture between the gas concentration indicator substance and the air takes place only downstream of the nozzle.
- the distance between the nozzle and the film 3 - 4 cm is preferably less than 3 cm.
- the nozzle has a needle that opens and closes it.
- the position of the needle is controlled by the compressed air.
- the valve for the compressed air control is less than 15 mm, preferably ⁇ 10 mm away from the needle seat, so that the system reacts as quickly as possible. As the needle wears out, it must be dipped. The need for an exchange is determined on the basis of the printed image and / or on the number of needle strokes and comparison with empirical values.
- an already printed film it is at least temporarily protected from UV radiation, for example, provided with a UV-tight envelope, for example during transport.
- Another object of the present invention is a method wherein at least a portion of the atmosphere in the package is measured while the respective package is moving.
- the packages are moved through the packaging material, for example the lower and / or the upper film. During this movement the measurement takes place.
- the relative speed between the sensor and the packaging is preferably 1 - 2 m / s, in particular 1, 2 - 1, 6 m / s.
- each substance is analyzed several times, in particular at different locations.
- the sensor thus examines each gas concentration indicator substance point several times, preferably 10 to 30 times, in particular as it moves along the sensor. As a result, the measurement is performed at different locations of the gas concentration indicator substance point.
- Yet another inventive or preferred subject matter of the present invention is a method of making packages wherein the package troughs are intermittently intermittently, i. are cyclically transported along the packaging machine, wherein in several, preferably all packaging of a format, the concentration of at least one substance in the gas phase is determined, in which the order in which the packaging is analyzed will be selectable.
- the concentration of at least one component of the gas phase in the packaging of a format of packaging is analyzed.
- a format in the sense of the inventions is the number of packages that are transported from one processing station to the next in a preference of the packaging machine.
- a format consists of at least two packages in at least one, preferably several rows and at least one, preferably several rows. For example, the order can be changed during a format change.
- the package that deviates farthest from the desired setpoint after evacuation and / or fumigation of the package is the first to be analyzed.
- the package deviates a little less from the target value it is particularly preferable to proceed in this order. If the first measurement (s) show compliance with the target values, the remaining measurements of a format can be dispensed with according to a particularly preferred embodiment.
- the gas concentration indicator substance is preferably deactivated after completion of the packaging and / or after the measurement has been carried out, that is made useless, for example, for further measurements. This can be done for example by UV irradiation.
- the pressure parameters for example atomizer air pressure, opening time of the nozzle, pressure of the substance, nozzle / foil distance and / or the position of the nozzle are stored in a recipe for a specific product. When changing the product, the setting of the print parameters can be done automatically.
- Yet another object of the present invention is a method of leak testing a package wherein the package is pressurized and its deformation behavior is analyzed.
- the pressure inside the package and / or its ambient pressure is reversibly, in particular comparatively briefly changed and determined with a sensor, as the package deforms and / or when the pressure change is reversed and the inner and / or outer Pressure has returned to its original value as the packaging reforms.
- the time in which reformed, in particular completely reformed alternatively or additionally be considered.
- the change in the shape can be measured, for example, by one or more light barrier (s) and / or by means of a camera.
- the camera is connected to an image analysis technique, with which, for example, it can be recognized how the shape of the packaging changes in which time.
- Yet another object of the present invention is a packaging machine having a sealing station which seals a top sheet to a packaging tray, wherein means downstream of the sealing station and a sensor measuring a concentration of a gaseous phase substance in the package provide means for increasing the pressure in the package and / or for changing the pressure in its environment and another sensor which measures the same concentration of a substance in the gas phase in the packaging, and wherein the means for increasing the pressure of a roller and / or part of a Labellers and / or a Pressure chamber, which can provide under- and / or overpressure compared to the ambient pressure and / or the pressure in the packaging, and / or other moving machine parts, the principle effect on the packaging, is / are.
- the packaging machine according to the invention may be a so-called thermoformer or a so-called tray sealer or a chamber machine or chamber belt machine or a tubular bag machine.
- the packaging machine according to the invention has a sealing station with which a top film is sealed onto the packaging tray after it has been filled with a packaged product, in particular a food.
- the packaging machine has a first sensor which measures a concentration of a substance, in particular the oxygen concentration of the changed gas phase in the packaging. Thereafter, the pressure in the package is increased and / or changed in the environment. If the package is leaking, it will breathe and thereby change the composition of the gas phase, which is determined by the second sensor.
- the two sensors are identical or it is one and the same sensor that can analyze packaging at different locations within the packaging machine.
- the means which increases the pressure in the package is a roller or a plurality of rollers which compresses the package at least locally alone and / or in interaction with one another.
- the means is part of a so-called labeller, which attaches labels to the packaging. These labels are pressed with so-called Absetzstkovn on the packaging. These Absetzstkov can be used, for example, to increase the pressure in the package for a short time and reversibly.
- the second sensor is provided in this embodiment of the packaging machine downstream of the labeller.
- the means is a pressure chamber which, in comparison to the ambient pressure and / or the pressure in the packaging, can provide underpressure and / or overpressure, through which each packaging is guided. If the packaging leaks, the negative pressure changes the composition of the gas in the packaging and / or the pressure in the pressure chamber.
- the packaging machine preferably has a separate sensor or a plurality of sensors per package.
- a sensor it is also possible for a sensor to be assigned a plurality of packages of a format, for example an entire format or a row or a column of a format.
- the packagings concerned are then analyzed individually, for example, and only the "bad packs" are sorted out or all are sorted out.
- Yet another or preferred subject of the present invention is a packaging machine having a temperature sensor which determines the temperature of the gas concentration indicator substance point (20) and / or the packaging tray, which may also be unshaped, and / or the top film and / or the atmosphere in the package and / or a packaged good.
- the temperature sensor is part of the sensor that measures a component of the atmosphere.
- the sensor is an infrared sensor.
- a container is provided on the packaging machine, which receives the substance.
- This container is connected via a fluid line with at least one ejection element, such as a valve, from which the substance exits and on the packaging film is applied.
- the lines and / or the container are preferably made of an inert material and / or of a material with a non-wettable or only slightly wettable surface, such as Teflon.
- the line has a UV light protection, for example a UV-light-impermeable coating.
- the container is refilled by means of refill containers, wherein the substance preferably flows by gravity from the refill container into the container or the refilling container replaces the container, for example as is customary with ink cartridges.
- the system for applying the gas concentration indicator substance must preferably be vented only at startup.
- the refill container has an identification, for example an RFID tag, which can be read by the packaging machine.
- the identification preferably contains information about the contents of the refill container, the manufacturer and / or the date of manufacture.
- the packaging machine can only be put into operation if the read identification is correct.
- the container has a level measurement / display.
- the packaging machine automatically informs the worker when the substance has to be topped up. With the level measurement, the consumption of substance is determined and preferably checked whether the consumption is plausible. In particular, if it is too high, the printing and / or the entire packaging machine is switched off and very particularly preferably the reservoir for the substance relaxes and / or blocks the valves.
- the container is under pressure, through which the substance promotes through the lines to the ejection member.
- the pressure is applied mechanically and / or by means of sterile non-oiled compressed air, alternatively with a modified atmosphere which preferably corresponds to the atmosphere to be modified in the package, for example to minimize the presaturation of the substance with oxygen and thus the speed of the measurement and / or to improve the measuring accuracy and / or measuring sensitivity.
- the number of ejection means corresponds to the number of Rows having a format and which are transported parallel to the transport direction of the film web along the packaging machine.
- the packaging material in particular the film webs are transported along the packaging machine, in particular cyclically.
- the packaging machine has a drive motor.
- the drive motor and / or a prefabricated signal preferably activate the sensor. As soon as the next film advance occurs and / or is planned, the sensor is activated and consequently can analyze the substance moving past it.
- each sensor is movably but fixedly mounted on a common cross member so that the position of the sensor is adjusted transversely to the transport direction of the packaging film, i. can be adapted to a changed format.
- the cross member is provided disassembled total so that it can be removed, for example, for cleaning the packaging machine and / or quickly changed.
- each sensor and / or each ejection member is provided with a motor drive, so that its positioning can be done automatically, for example in a format change.
- a delay of a film web can be compensated.
- the gas concentration indicator substance point is located at a location of the package where there is no product.
- the sensor therefore preferably does not see any product.
- the sensor can alternatively or additionally be used to distinguish different products from each other, for example to distinguish salami from boiled sausage and thus detect a wanted and / or unwanted batch change and then adjust the printing of labels on the product positionally accurate, for example, the fluorescent Effect of peppers is recognized in the salami and preferably the whole possible product program is known, which is processed on the packaging machine.
- the sensors are preferably covered, for example protected by a pivotable and / or retractable / attachable protective cover.
- the pressure in the package in particular after their closure in the Measurement determined and taken into account in the measurement.
- the pressure in the packing in the sealing station, in the sealing chamber and / or in the sealing tool can be measured, in particular after complete fumigation and as long as the packaging is still open.
- a pressure-sensitive indicator substance or a strain gauge can be used to measure the pressure in the closed package.
- the gas-sensitive indicator substance itself can be used for pressure measurement by the pressure dependence of the measurement result is used to calculate the pressure.
- Yet another preferred or inventive subject of the present invention is a packaging machine having a visualization means that visualizes the measurement results.
- this visualization means is a printer, a panel or a display, which visualizes whether the measurement result is correct on the basis of colors or pictograms.
- the packaging machine has a labeller that transmits at least one gas concentration reading to a label on the package.
- FIG. 1 shows the packaging machine according to the invention
- Figure 2 shows a package with a
- Figure 3 shows a format of packaging
- FIG. 4 shows the line according to the invention
- FIG. 1 shows the packaging machine 1 according to the invention, which has a thermoforming station 2, a filling station 7 and a sealing station 15.
- a plastic film web 8 the so-called lower film web
- the packaging machine has two transport means (not shown), in the present case in each case two endless chains, which are arranged to the right and left of the film web.
- Each endless chain has holding means, which cooperate with one edge of the film web.
- Both at the beginning and at the end of the packaging machine at least one gear is provided for each chain in each case, around which the respective chain is deflected.
- each means of transport has a multiplicity of clamping means which grasp the lower film web 8 in the inlet region in a clamping manner and transmit the movement of the transport means to the lower film web 8.
- the clamping connection between the transport and the lower film web is released again.
- the thermoforming station 2 which has an upper tool 3 and a lower tool 4, which has the shape of the packaging tray to be produced, the packaging trays 6 are formed in the lower film web 8.
- the lower tool 4 is arranged on a lifting table 5, which, as symbolized by the double arrow, is vertically adjustable.
- the lower tool 4 is lowered and then raised again.
- the packaging trays are then filled in the filling station 7 with the packaged goods 16.
- the subsequent sealing station 15 which also consists of an upper tool 12 and a vertically adjustable lower tool 1 1, an upper film web is sealed to the packaging tray.
- the upper tool and / or the lower tool are lowered or raised before and after each film transport.
- the upper film web 14 may be deep-drawn and / or be guided in means of transport or be transported by transport chains, said transport then only from the sealing station and possibly extend downstream. Otherwise, the statements that have been made to the means of transport of the sub-web.
- the sealing station preferably takes place a gas exchange, for example, to reduce the oxygen content of the atmosphere in the package.
- a gas exchange for example, to reduce the oxygen content of the atmosphere in the package.
- the cutting tool 18 can also be lifted or lowered in the present case with a lifting device 9.
- the skilled artisan will recognize that preferably several packaging trays are deep-drawn, filled and closed at one cycle.
- the packaging machine has at least one measuring device, for example a sensor 13, which reads out a gas concentration indicator substance point and / or a pressure indicator within the packaging and thereby reads out the concentration, for example the oxygen concentration in the packaging or determines the presence of a specific pressure.
- the sensor can also be used to analyze the behavior of the packaging under a temporary pressure.
- the packaging machine according to the invention may also have a printing station, with which the packaging is temporarily pressurized and if the package is leaking breathes and / or changes their deformation or recovery behavior. This change is detected and evaluated in the printing station itself or with a downstream sensor. The leaking "bad packages" are sorted out.
- the packaging machine 1 may have a printing means 28 which prints one or more gas concentration indicator substance points on the film web 14. The pressure preferably takes place while the film web 14 is moving.
- FIG. 2 shows, by way of example, a finished package 10 with a gas concentration indicator substance point 20 which, in the present case, is arranged on the side of the cover film 14 facing the interior of the package.
- a sensor 13 may analyze electromagnetic radiation radiated from the gas concentration indicator substance point and thereby obtain information about the concentration of a component of the atmosphere in the package, for example the oxygen concentration.
- concentration of a component of the atmosphere in the package for example the oxygen concentration.
- the skilled person understands that such non-destructive measurement of a concentration of the atmosphere in the packaging can also be done with other measuring methods.
- a format of 3 x 2 packages is generated at each cycle; That the format in the present case has 3 columns and 2 rows. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that another format with a different number of rows and / or columns may be produced.
- a concentration of the same substance in the atmosphere of the package is measured, in this case the oxygen concentration. Exemplary measured values are given in the packaging area.
- the apparatus of the invention includes a display indicating the concentration of the component of interest in each package for the operator.
- the sealing station 15 know in the present case, an exhaust 24, the gas, in particular air, sucks from the respective packaging trays and thereby generates a negative pressure between the packaging tray and the top film, which is at least not completely sealed to the packaging tray during suction , Furthermore, in the present case, the device according to the invention has a fumigation, in particular with a gas different from air. This may be, for example, a gas mixture enriched with N 2 and / or CO 2. In the present case, an oxygen concentration ⁇ 6.0% should be achieved. As can be seen from the measurements with the format n, this was not achieved with the packaging which was comparatively far removed from the fumigation 23.
- the volume flow and / or the pressure of the gassing 23 is then increased, for example, and / or the negative pressure generated by the suction is increased, in order to achieve the desired concentration of the oxygen component in these packages as well +1, as the measurements show, has also succeeded.
- the measured values shown can be used to retract the packaging machine, for example during a format change.
- the fact that the concentrations in all packaging are displayed immediately in the sealing station or shortly thereafter, the Control of the packaging according to the invention recognize very quickly that measured values do not meet the specifications. Because the local deviations are also displayed, certain parameters of the packaging machine can be modified in a more targeted manner in order to obtain "good packaging".
- Another field of application of the individual measurements of the packaging is the wear of components, for example the wear of the sealing frame.
- the packaging machine according to the invention evaluates historical data. Should these values change under otherwise constant conditions, the device recognizes that a tool has worn out and suggests an appropriate replacement.
- the individual results can also be used to recognize that non-related tool components have been used in the packaging machine. If it is not possible to achieve the desired target concentrations despite, for example, de-aeration and / or fumigation, the packaging machine recognizes that the built-in tools do not match one another and orders a machine stop and makes a corresponding note available to the user.
- FIG. 4 also shows an article according to the invention of the present invention.
- a line 27 is shown, which has a further upstream component in addition to a packaging machine.
- the packaging machine has a sensor 13 which measures at least the concentration of a component in the package.
- the signal of this measurement 26 is used to control the component 25, in particular to regulate so that the outgassing behavior of the packaged product in the finished package 10 is such that it does not reduce the shelf life of the package.
- the component 25 may be a cutter, in particular a vacuum cutter (vacuum cutter), wherein the negative pressure to be applied is measured by the signal 26 of the sensor 13.
- the sensor 13 may also be provided downstream of the packaging machine.
- packaging line eg packaging machine with slicer and loader, etc.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102016200749 | 2016-01-20 | ||
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EP16175264 | 2016-06-20 | ||
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DE102016213010 | 2016-07-15 | ||
PCT/EP2017/051067 WO2017125485A2 (de) | 2016-01-20 | 2017-01-19 | Verfahren zur herstellung von dichten lebensmittelverpackungen |
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EP17700537.8A Active EP3405396B1 (de) | 2016-01-20 | 2017-01-17 | Schlauchbeutelmaschine mit leckagekontrolle der resultierenden packungen und vefahren zur herstellung einer packung |
EP17700571.7A Pending EP3405403A1 (de) | 2016-01-20 | 2017-01-19 | Verfahren zum kalibrieren eines sensors zum auslesen einer gaskonzentrationsindikatorsubstanz einer verpackung |
EP17700570.9A Active EP3405765B1 (de) | 2016-01-20 | 2017-01-19 | Verfahren und verpackungsmaschine zur herstellung einer verpackung mit einer geänderten atmosphäre und entsprechende verpackung |
EP17700831.5A Pending EP3405397A2 (de) | 2016-01-20 | 2017-01-19 | Verfahren zur herstellung von verpackungen mit einer geänderten atmosphäre und verpackungsmaschine mit einem sensor zum messen einer konzentration einer substanz der gasphase in einer verpackung |
EP17700572.5A Active EP3405398B1 (de) | 2016-01-20 | 2017-01-19 | Verfahren zur dichtigkeitsprüfung einer fertiggestellten verpackung |
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EP17700537.8A Active EP3405396B1 (de) | 2016-01-20 | 2017-01-17 | Schlauchbeutelmaschine mit leckagekontrolle der resultierenden packungen und vefahren zur herstellung einer packung |
EP17700571.7A Pending EP3405403A1 (de) | 2016-01-20 | 2017-01-19 | Verfahren zum kalibrieren eines sensors zum auslesen einer gaskonzentrationsindikatorsubstanz einer verpackung |
EP17700570.9A Active EP3405765B1 (de) | 2016-01-20 | 2017-01-19 | Verfahren und verpackungsmaschine zur herstellung einer verpackung mit einer geänderten atmosphäre und entsprechende verpackung |
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EP17700572.5A Active EP3405398B1 (de) | 2016-01-20 | 2017-01-19 | Verfahren zur dichtigkeitsprüfung einer fertiggestellten verpackung |
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DE102018114259A1 (de) * | 2018-06-14 | 2019-12-19 | Multivac Sepp Haggenmüller Se & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur volumenstrom- und füllgradbestimmung an einer verpackungsmaschine |
PT3599452T (pt) | 2018-07-27 | 2020-12-23 | Ulma Packaging Tech Ct Coop | Método e máquina de embalagem |
US12065279B2 (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2024-08-20 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. | Method and a packaging apparatus for forming sealed packages |
CN113165762B (zh) * | 2018-11-26 | 2023-03-17 | 利乐拉瓦尔集团及财务有限公司 | 用于形成密封的部分填充的包装的方法和包装装置 |
IT201900006918A1 (it) | 2019-05-16 | 2020-11-16 | Ft System Srl | Metodo ed apparato per la rivelazione di fughe da contenitori sigillati |
IT201900006920A1 (it) | 2019-05-16 | 2020-11-16 | Ft System Srl | Metodo ed apparato per il riconoscimento della presenza di fughe da contenitori sigillati |
IT201900006922A1 (it) | 2019-05-16 | 2020-11-16 | Ft System Srl | Metodo ed apparato per stabilire la presenza di fessure in contenitori sigillati |
CN112158371A (zh) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-01-01 | 张瑞雪 | 一种多功能食品打包装置 |
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ES2919792T3 (es) | 2022-07-28 |
WO2017125485A3 (de) | 2017-09-14 |
EP3405398A1 (de) | 2018-11-28 |
US20190023432A1 (en) | 2019-01-24 |
ES2917188T3 (es) | 2022-07-07 |
EP3405398B1 (de) | 2022-04-13 |
WO2017125482A2 (de) | 2017-07-27 |
EP3405765B1 (de) | 2022-03-16 |
EP3405396A2 (de) | 2018-11-28 |
WO2017125485A2 (de) | 2017-07-27 |
WO2017125482A3 (de) | 2017-09-14 |
WO2017125386A2 (en) | 2017-07-27 |
US10836521B2 (en) | 2020-11-17 |
ES2918006T3 (es) | 2022-07-13 |
EP3405765A2 (de) | 2018-11-28 |
EP3405396B1 (de) | 2022-03-16 |
EP3405403A1 (de) | 2018-11-28 |
WO2017125386A3 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
WO2017125483A1 (de) | 2017-07-27 |
WO2017125484A1 (de) | 2017-07-27 |
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