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EP3252376B1 - Tête de combustion pour combustible liquide - Google Patents

Tête de combustion pour combustible liquide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3252376B1
EP3252376B1 EP17174109.3A EP17174109A EP3252376B1 EP 3252376 B1 EP3252376 B1 EP 3252376B1 EP 17174109 A EP17174109 A EP 17174109A EP 3252376 B1 EP3252376 B1 EP 3252376B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conical
hole
combustion head
fire tube
combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17174109.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3252376A1 (fr
Inventor
Flavio Comencini
Roberto Marchetti
Giovanni Scaion
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Riello SpA
Original Assignee
Riello SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Riello SpA filed Critical Riello SpA
Publication of EP3252376A1 publication Critical patent/EP3252376A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3252376B1 publication Critical patent/EP3252376B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F23D11/406—Flame stabilising means, e.g. flame holders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber the recirculation taking place in the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F23D11/404—Flame tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/11402—Airflow diaphragms at burner nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/11403—Flame surrounding tubes in front of burner nozzle

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a combustion head for liquid fuel, in particular to a combustion head for a residential burner.
  • the main object of the present combustion head is to ensure a stable flame both as regards its geometrical shape in the combustion chamber, and in relation to the guaranteed thermal efficiency, with the aim of maintaining the CO and NOx emissions within the limits of current regulations.
  • reference numeral 100 globally denotes a combustion head made according to the teachings of the present invention.
  • combustion head 100 is applied to a combustion chamber 1000 ( Figure 3 ).
  • the combustion head 100 comprises the following elements:
  • the fire tube 10 is a hollow cylinder open at the two end bases.
  • the fire tube 10 is made of a material resistant to the temperatures at which combustion of the liquid fuel takes place in output from the nozzle 41.
  • the fire tube 10 may be made in two portions 10A and 10B, having the same diameter, respectively upstream and downstream of the flame disc 20.
  • the portion 10A can be a full wall cylinder to the free end of which the flame disc 20 is welded.
  • the portion 10B is also cylindrical, but on the end facing the portion 10A has the aforesaid four slot-shaped holes 11.
  • welds of the portion 10B to the flame disc 20 are made at the end portions of the portion 10B where the four holes 11 are absent.
  • two cylindrical portions 10A* and 10B* are connected by a circular collar 10C* (on which four holes 11* are made (only two holes 11* are visible in figure 8 ) followed by a conical connection surface 10D*.
  • the diameter of the portion 10B* is greater than that of the portion 10A*.
  • a flame disc 20* is located upstream of the holes 11* with respect to the flow direction of the air/fuel mixture (not shown in Figure 8 ).
  • the various components of the fire tube 10* can be assembled by welding, or they can be made in one piece.
  • the conical diffuser 30 is an axially symmetrical element with an outer conical converging surface 31 (with respect to the flow (F1) of the fuel/primary air mixture - figures 6, 7 ), and an inner conical central hole 32 having a diverging surface 32A (again with respect to the flow (F1) of the fuel/primary air mixture - figures 6, 7 ).
  • the axial extension of the conical diffuser 30 and the angle between the two conical surfaces 31, 32A can be made to vary depending on the desired functionality.
  • angles ( ⁇ ) and ( ⁇ ), respectively, of the outer conical converging surface 31, and the inner conical diverging surface 32A may vary from 0° to 90°, these two values being degenerate.
  • the conical diffuser 30 has two through holes 33 for housing the electrodes 50 and may comprise, possibly, through holes for the fastening screws to the flame disc 20; or the conical diffuser 30 may constitute a single body with said flame disc 20 by means of welding or machining of the piece.
  • the diameter of the initial central opening 30A of the conical diffuser 30 is equal to that of the central circular hole 21 of the flame disc 20 ( figure 7 ).
  • the diameter of the central circular hole 21 may depend on the desired functionality of thermal performance and emissions.
  • the profile of the central circular hole 21 may have a chamfer 21A ( Figure 7 ) according to an angular value which may vary with respect to the axial direction, in the range (-90°, 0°) in the case of chamfering upstream of the disc, or in the range of (0°, 90°) in the case of chamfering downstream of the disc; in particular, if the angular value is 0°, the profile is parallel to the angular direction.
  • the combustion head 100 is inserted (with reference to figure 3 , from left to right) in the combustion chamber 1000 of a boiler (not shown in its entirety), and is positioned so that the holes 11 of the fire tube 10 lie entirely inside said combustion chamber 1000.
  • the flame develops in a zone (ZF) ( Figure 3 ) inside the fire tube 10 and the products of combustion (for example, fumes and emissions) come out of the fire tube 10 through an outlet section (SU) and propagate into the combustion chamber 1000.
  • ZF zone
  • SU outlet section
  • FIG 9 shows the aforementioned flow (F1) of fuel/primary air mixture coming out from the central hole 21 of the flame disc 20 and from the central hole 32 of the diffuser 30.
  • Said primary flow (F1) moves at a much higher speed than the speed of the mass of fumes present in the combustion chamber outside the fire tube 10, so that it generates a pressure gradient between the outer area, at a higher pressure, and that inside the fire tube 10, at a lower pressure.
  • This gradient generates the flows (F2) of recirculating fumes entering the fire tube 10 through the holes 11 (in figure 9 for the sake of clarity the recirculation from the lateral holes is not shown).
  • the recirculation flows (F2) lap the primary flow (F1) and thus the peripheral zone of the flame, and this proves sufficient, experimentally, to ensure the combustion of their unburnt components, in order to lower the NOx emissions.
  • FIG. 9 a side view of the conical diffuser 30, shows how the flow lines of the recirculation fumes, after having passed through the holes 11 of the fire tube 10, lap the entire outer conical surface 31 of the conical diffuser 30 and then descend along most of the inner conical surface 32A, before being distanced by the fast primary flow (F1) coming from the central hole 32.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Tête de combustion (100) comprenant les éléments suivants :
    - un tube de fumée (10 ; 10*) avec une forme sensiblement cylindrique et ayant un axe de symétrie central (X) et au moins un premier trou (11 ; 11*) pour la recirculation des produits de combustion ;
    - un disque de flamme (20) qui est agencé perpendiculairement audit axe de symétrie central (X) et a un deuxième trou central (21) ;
    - un diffuseur conique (30) avec une double inclinaison conique se composant d'un élément de symétrie axial avec une surface conique externe (31) convergente par rapport à un écoulement (F1) du mélange de combustible / air principal, et un troisième trou conique interne central (32) ayant une surface (32A) divergente par rapport audit écoulement (F1) ;
    - une buse (41) qui est conçue pour pulvériser le combustible liquide ; et
    - un moyen d'allumage de feu (50) ;
    la tête de combustion (100) est caractérisée en ce que ledit diffuseur conique (30) est tel que les produits de combustion de recirculation qui sont entrés dans le tube de fumée (10 ; 10*) par le premier trou (11 ; 11*) dépassent la surface convergente conique externe (31) et la surface divergente (32A) avant d'être distancée par l'écoulement (F1) du mélange de combustible / air principal provenant du deuxième trou (21) et du troisième trou (32).
  2. Tête de combustion (100) selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'extension axiale dudit diffuseur conique (30) et l'angle entre les deux surfaces coniques (31, 32A) sont choisis sur la base des fonctions souhaitées.
  3. Tête de combustion (100) selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisée en ce que les angles (α) et (β) - de la surface convergente conique externe (31) et de la surface divergente conique interne (32A) respectivement - varient entre 0° et 90°.
  4. Tête de combustion (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que ledit premier trou (11 ; 11*) pour la recirculation des produits de combustion, réalisé sur le tube de fumée (10 ; 10*) a la forme d'une fente, qui occupe un arc s'étendant sur la surface cylindrique du tube de fumée (10 ; 10*) lui-même.
  5. Tête de combustion (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que ledit tube de fumée (10) comprend une première partie (10A) et une seconde partie (10B) ayant le même diamètre, en amont et en aval dudit disque de flamme (20) respectivement.
  6. Tête de combustion (100) selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que ladite première partie (10A) est un cylindre à paroi pleine, qui est soudé, au niveau de son extrémité libre, audit disque de flamme (20).
  7. Tête de combustion (100) selon la revendication 5 ou la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que ladite seconde partie (10B) est cylindrique et, au niveau de son extrémité faisant face à ladite première partie (10A), a ledit premier trou (11).
  8. Tête de combustion (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que ledit tube de fumée (10*) est composé de deux parties (10A*, 10B*) ayant des diamètres différents, en amont et en aval dudit disque de flamme (20), respectivement ; lesdites deux parties (10A*, 10B*) étant assemblées entre elles au moyen d'au moins une surface d'assemblage conique (10D*).
  9. Tête de combustion (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que ledit deuxième trou (21) est prévu avec un chanfrein (21A).
EP17174109.3A 2016-06-01 2017-06-01 Tête de combustion pour combustible liquide Active EP3252376B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITUA2016A004028A ITUA20164028A1 (it) 2016-06-01 2016-06-01 Testa di combustione a combustibile liquido

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3252376A1 EP3252376A1 (fr) 2017-12-06
EP3252376B1 true EP3252376B1 (fr) 2020-01-29

Family

ID=57133279

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17174109.3A Active EP3252376B1 (fr) 2016-06-01 2017-06-01 Tête de combustion pour combustible liquide

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3252376B1 (fr)
IT (1) ITUA20164028A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE794007A (fr) * 1972-01-12 1973-07-12 Exxon Research Engineering Co Bruleur notamment pour incinerateurs
DE3919797A1 (de) * 1989-06-16 1991-01-03 Bernhard W Braukmann Oelbrenner
DE19738054C2 (de) * 1997-09-01 2002-06-20 Heinrich Koehne Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Veränderung der Drallzahl der Verbrennungsluft eines Brenners während des Betriebes
DE60130731T2 (de) * 2001-03-20 2008-07-17 Riello S.P.A., Legnago Ölbrenner

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITUA20164028A1 (it) 2017-12-01
EP3252376A1 (fr) 2017-12-06

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