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EP3072216A2 - Machine électrique et procédé de fabrication d'une machine électrique - Google Patents

Machine électrique et procédé de fabrication d'une machine électrique

Info

Publication number
EP3072216A2
EP3072216A2 EP14796494.4A EP14796494A EP3072216A2 EP 3072216 A2 EP3072216 A2 EP 3072216A2 EP 14796494 A EP14796494 A EP 14796494A EP 3072216 A2 EP3072216 A2 EP 3072216A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pole
recess
filling material
claw
electrical machine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14796494.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Reinhard Meyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SEG Automotive Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP3072216A2 publication Critical patent/EP3072216A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/24—Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
    • H02K1/243—Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors of the claw-pole type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/02—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the magnetic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/02—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies
    • H02K15/022—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies with salient poles or claw-shaped poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/02—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine
    • H02K9/04—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical machine, in particular an electrical machine such as a generator or a motor, with a pole such as a salient pole or a claw pole, for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention relates to a method for Manufacture of a vortex current loss reduced electrical machine for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, in particular for reducing eddy currents on a pole surface of an electric machine such as a generator or a motor, with at least one pole such as a salient pole or a claw pole, during operation of the electric machine after
  • the invention is based on an electrical machine for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy or reversibly designed for the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy according to the preamble of the independent claims.
  • the present invention relates to electrical machines, in particular motors and generators with massive salient poles, for example claw pole generators, for the DC voltage supply of vehicle electrical systems in motor vehicles.
  • generators for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy in the motor vehicle are known.
  • Common is the use of generators, which are equipped with an electrical excitation. These generators generate alternating currents, which are converted by a rectifier into direct current in order to convert this current into direct current DC systems
  • motor vehicles especially AC generators in the form of claw pole generators are used to generate energy.
  • Their runner comprises at least one rotor shaft, two claw poles, a pole core and a field winding.
  • the complete pole core or parts of the pole core can be attached to one of the two claw poles or z.
  • the runner is guided on both sides by means of end shields in roller bearings. If a direct current flows through a field winding in the rotor, a magnetic field is created. As the rotor rotates, the magnetic field in the stator windings induces a
  • Hinder eddy currents but also increase the mean air gap and thus reducing the engine power in the lower speed range.
  • Further known are coatings of the claw poles, more precisely coatings of the finger surface facing the stator, with a material which conducts the magnetic flux well but has a poor electrical conductivity.
  • the adhesion of the coating at high speeds is limited.
  • a Klauenpolgenerator with claw poles in whose pointing to a stator surface, a groove is provided.
  • a material with a low electrical resistance, ie, a high or good electrical conductivity, such as copper or aluminum is arranged to form a closed circuit at the claw pole.
  • the conductivity of aluminum at about 300 K is about 36.59 MS / m.
  • a permeability index as an index for magnetic conductivity is just below 1 (1-6.4 ⁇ 10 -6 ) and for aluminum just above 1 (1 + 2.2 ⁇ 10 -5 ).
  • an electrical conductor is arranged across poles, which consists of a non-magnetic material, ie a magnetic material having a permeability in the range of 1 (vacuum, neutral).
  • poles which consists of a non-magnetic material, ie a magnetic material having a permeability in the range of 1 (vacuum, neutral).
  • Other such electrical machines are u.a. also from EP 2157679 AI, US
  • the electrical machine according to the invention and the method according to the invention with the features of the corresponding main claim or independent claim have the advantage over the prior art that in an electrical machine, in particular in an electrical machine such as a generator or a motor, with at least one pole such as Leg pole or a claw pole, for example a starter device such as a starter, for the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy, comprising at least one rotor having at least two poles of a pole material, at the outer, directed to a stator bore surface at least one recess is formed, wherein in the recess a filling material is arranged, which electrically conducts worse than the respective pole material - is preferably designed as electrical non-conductor or poor electrical conductor - and acts as a magnetic conductor, the formation of eddy currents avoided or at least reduced, without changing an optimized material for the entire pole.
  • a starter device such as a starter
  • the electric machine according to the invention is designed in an embodiment for a generator operation as a generator, for a motor operation as a motor and for both modes. So not only mechanical energy can be converted into electrical energy, but also electrical energy can be converted into mechanical energy.
  • the pole with the surface facing the stator bore is formed in an embodiment in the manner of a Polfingers. Preferably, more than one depression is provided in the surface.
  • the recess is designed in one embodiment as a groove or groove. In another embodiment, the recess is formed as a dent, blind hole or any other notch or recess.
  • the filler is preferably a solid filler. In another embodiment, for example, a curing, in particular a self-curing filling material is provided.
  • the pole is preferably formed as a solid pole. As the pole material, an iron material or an iron compound is preferably provided. The pole materials for the different poles are preferably made the same. Under an electrical non-conductor in the context of the present invention, a component or material is to be understood, whose electrical conductivity below that of the
  • Polmaterial lies.
  • it is understood to mean substances which have no or practically insignificant electrical conductivity, that is to say whose conductivity is below an approximate limit of 20 ms- 1 , preferably below 300 K.
  • Under a magnetic conductor in the sense of the present invention is a substance that is magnetic
  • Permeability ⁇ has , which is above 100, preferably above 1000.
  • the substances are preferably mixtures or composite materials.
  • a magnetically conductive substance is a substance Mixture of substances or a composite of substances with a corresponding proportion of ferromagnetic substances.
  • the pole material used for the production of the poles - iron material - preferably has an electrical conductivity in the range of 10 MS / m.
  • the recesses have at least one opening on the surface. In another embodiment, the wells are as
  • the cross section of a depression is constant in one embodiment over the extent thereof. In another embodiment, the cross section of a depression over its extension is variable, for example, continuously varying and / or stepwise varying.
  • the rotor of the electric machine comprises at least two poles, for example two salient poles or two claw poles, a pole core and the rotor shaft.
  • the rotor is preferably arranged in a stator bore, so that an inner side of the stator bore faces an outer surface of the poles or is adjacent thereto.
  • the two poles are called in one embodiment as salient pole and Whitneypol, short Jacobpol.
  • the salient poles are formed as claw poles.
  • the pole core is surrounded by the two poles.
  • the pole and the opposite pole have a plurality of Polfingern, for example, six, seven, eight or nine Polfinger, for example Klauenpolfinger on.
  • the number of Polfinger is preferably formed the same at the pole and at the opposite pole.
  • an excitation winding is arranged on the pole core, which is also enclosed by the poles, more precisely by the pole fingers of the pole and the opposite pole.
  • the poles and the pole core are on the rotatable
  • the rotor shaft is preferably rod-shaped, for example, as a round rod with a round cross-section formed.
  • the pole core is formed integrated in one of the two poles, that is, the pole core and a pole are made in one piece.
  • Component that is, the pole with the pole core, is continuous in the radial and axial directions, wherein the directional statements relate radially and axially to a longitudinal extension of the rotor shaft.
  • the other, second pole or the opposite pole is formed in one embodiment separately from the pole core with the integrated pole and connected thereto. Furthermore, in one
  • the rotor shaft interrupted at least in the region of the poles, that is at least two parts, formed.
  • the measures listed in the dependent claims advantageous refinements and improvements of the independent and independent claims predetermined devices are possible.
  • the depression is formed as a depression having at least one undercut in order to fix the filling material arranged in the depression.
  • the recess has an opening that opens radially outward, that is, in a radial direction to a surrounding stator. Since the rotor rotates about the axis of rotation, even at high speeds, a centrifugal force acts on a filling material arranged in the recess, which thereby tends to move out of the recess.
  • the undercut can be formed in any way.
  • a dovetail-shaped undercut is provided.
  • protrusions and / or projections provided transversely to an extension direction of the depression are provided.
  • the filler material is flush with the edge of the depression at maximum, so as to ensure a projection-free surface. That is, the filling does not protrude from the depression towards the surface over the depression and thus the surface.
  • the filling material located in the respective recess closes flush with the surface around the corresponding recess. In this way, an air gap between the surface and the surrounding stator is minimized.
  • a surrounding area of the surface around the recess is coated with the filler material.
  • the filling material and / or the depression is provided with an adhesion agent in order to ensure an improved fixation of the filling material in the depression.
  • the filler material is attached to a wall of the respective recess, preferably with an adhesive such as an adhesive or the like.
  • the adhesive is formed as an adhesion layer. Since the filling material is also executable as a mixture of substances, is in one
  • Embodiment formed the adhesive in the mixture or generally integrated into the filler.
  • the filler is formed as a powder material, in particular a pressed powder material and / or as a material in the recess at least partially plastically deformable material.
  • a powder material which is formed, for example, as a powder mixture or a powder composite material, can be easily filled into any recess. After filling the powder material can be pressed by pressing in the depression with this.
  • Deepening pressed powder material realized. Especially with depressions which have an undercut, powder materials are advantageous.
  • the required properties - magnetic conductor and electrical non-conductor - can be easily adjusted by means of appropriate mixtures, inclusions, dopings or the like.
  • the filling material has an electrical conductivity of less than or equal to 5 MS / m, preferably less than or equal to 3 MS / m, and most preferably less than or equal to 1 MS / m, and / or a magnetic conductivity expressed in one Permeability, from about greater than or equal to 100, more preferably greater than or equal to 300, and most preferably greater than or equal to 500 and in particular as a powder composite material having a permeability greater than 600 is formed.
  • the powder composite or soft magnetic composite - or SMC for short - is formed by a corresponding composite. In one embodiment, this comprises not only ferromagnetic portions but also adhesive portions and / or magnetic conductive portions.
  • the distances, the shape and / or the depth of a plurality of recesses varies over the surface per pole.
  • all wells are the same design, that is, with substantially the same shape, the same depth, the same cross-section, the same capacity, etc.
  • the wells have a different length, that is, a transverse and / or longitudinal course along the surface.
  • the depth of the recesses is different.
  • the cross sections of the recesses are different.
  • the indentation is designed as at least one groove, in particular as at least one groove extending transversely to an axial direction of the electric machine, in particular as a plurality of parallel grooves and or as spiral-shaped groove sections. The groove sections can be milled and / or rotated, for example, into the surface.
  • spiral sections can preferably be formed.
  • the groove preferably extends over an entire width of the surface, that is in a direction in the circumferential direction.
  • the groove or groove sections are formed in one embodiment transversely to a circumferential direction and / or an axial or longitudinal direction.
  • the grooves extend in the longitudinal direction.
  • the directions of extension of the grooves are formed in different directions. In this way, for example, grid-like arranged Nutverincome can be realized.
  • a cross section of a groove is for example approximately rectangular, oval, U-shaped or similar.
  • a cross section is formed with an undercut.
  • the inventive method with the features of the corresponding main claim has the advantage over the prior art that in a method for producing a eddy current loss reduced electrical machine for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, in particular for reducing eddy currents at a pole surface of an electrical machine such as a generator or a motor having a pole such as a salient pole or a claw pole during operation of the electrical Machine, in which at least one rotor, which has at least two massive Polfinger, at the radially outer, directed to a stator bore surface at least one recess is provided, wherein in the recess, a filler material is arranged, which as electrical non-conductor or electrically worse Conductor and magnetic conductor acts eddy currents avoided or at least reduced, without changing an optimized for the entire pole material.
  • grooves or grooves in the pole surface which are formed as grooves or grooves recesses or recesses with an electrically poor and magnetically highly conductive material -.
  • a pressed powder material such as SMC - filled.
  • the grooves on the pole surface have a suitable cross-sectional geometry, for example cross-sections with an undercut, a powder material pressed into the grooves and / or glued remains in the grooves even at high rotational speeds, for example in the region of 20,000 rpm.
  • the grooves are filled at most to the edge with the filler or filler described above.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an electric machine designed as a claw pole generator
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a claw pole with claw-pole fingers
  • Figure 4 in cross-sectional views different cross-sections of a depression in a surface of a claw pole finger
  • FIG. 5 shows a plan view of various depressions on a surface of a claw pole finger.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in a cross-sectional view, an electrical machine 10 designed as a claw-pole generator, more particularly a cross-section through an electrical machine 10, which in the embodiment shown here
  • St Se Glas 17 consists, and in the radially inwardly directed, axially extending grooves a (outstanding) stator windings 18 are inserted or retracted.
  • This annular stator 16 surrounds with its radially inwardly directed, grooved surface, a rotor or rotor 20 which is formed as a claw-pole rotor (not shown in detail here).
  • the rotor 20 comprises a pole 22 formed as a claw pole and a counter pole 23 (see also FIG. 2), which are also referred to as pole plates, here claw pole plates, on the outer circumference of which each extend in the axial direction pole fingers 24 and 25 (here claw pole fingers, also referred to as poles) are arranged (see also Figure 2).
  • the (claw) pole fingers have a radially outer surface 100 facing a stator inner side. In this surface 100 recesses 110 are provided, which are described in more detail with respect to the other figures.
  • the rotor 20 is rotatably supported in the respective end shields 13.1 and 13.2, respectively, by means of a rotor shaft 27 and one respective rolling bearing 28 located on each side of the rotor shaft.
  • the rotor 20 has two axial end faces, on each of which a fan 30 is attached.
  • This fan 30 consists essentially of a plate-shaped or disc-shaped portion, emanating from the fan blades.
  • the fan 30 serves to allow an air exchange between the outside of the electric machine 10 and the interior of the electric machine 10 to realize air cooling via openings 40 in the end shields 13.1 and 13.2.
  • the openings 40 are provided essentially at the axial ends of the end shields 13.1 and 13.2, via which cooling air is sucked into the interior of the electric machine 10 by means of the fan 30.
  • This cooling air is accelerated by the rotation of the fan 30 radially outward, so that they can pass through a cool air-permeable winding overhang 45.
  • the winding overhang 45 is additionally cooled.
  • the cooling air passes after passing through the winding overhang 45 or after flowing around the winding overhang 45 in the radial direction through the openings to the outside.
  • a protective cap 47 which protects various components of the rotor 20 from environmental influences and dirt.
  • the protective flap 47 covers a so-called slip ring assembly 49, which serves to supply a field winding 51 with exciting current.
  • a heat sink 53 Around this slip ring assembly 49 around a heat sink 53 is arranged, which acts as a positive heat sink here.
  • the bearing plate acts 13.2.
  • a connection plate 56 is arranged, which serves to connect arranged in the bearing plate 13.2 minus diodes 58 and not shown here plus diodes in the heat sink 53 with each other and thus represent a known bridge circuit.
  • a bobbin 60 is disposed radially outside of a pole core 63.
  • the bobbin 60 has the task to isolate the exciter winding 51 both with respect to the (claw) pole plates 22 and 23 and on the other hand in the context of prefabrication as a shaping element, especially after the winding process with respect to the exciter winding wire is completed.
  • the bobbin 60 is thereby pushed with two connecting conductors 66 axially over the pole core 63 and subsequently fixed axially between the two (claw) pole plates 22 and 23.
  • the pole core 63 can also be axially divided into two sections, which are formed on the (claw) Polplatinen 22 and 23.
  • a pole core length is calculated from the sum of the individual sections of the pole cores.
  • FIG. 2 shows in a cross-sectional view a part of the claw pole generator with rotor 20 and (claw) poles 22, 23.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 2 corresponds to the embodiment of FIG. 1 already described.
  • a renewed description of already described components is therefore dispensed with ,
  • the same components are identified by the same reference numerals.
  • Machine 10 essentially shows the rotor 20 with the rotor shaft 27.
  • the rotor shaft 27 is made in one piece.
  • the rotor shaft 27 has a round cross-section. It extends in the axial direction A of the rotor 20.
  • the (claw) pole 22 and the opposite pole 23 are rotatably connected by pressing on the rotor shaft 27 with this.
  • the (claw) Polfinger 24 and 25 have the radially outer, to the stator 16 (see Fig. 1) facing surface 100 on. This has in the circumferential direction, ie along the surface 100, a constant radial distance to the axis of rotation A of the rotor 20.
  • radially inwardly extending recesses 110 are arranged. These are according to
  • FIG. 3 shows, in a cross-sectional view, a (claw) pole 22 with (claw) pole fingers 24.
  • the depressions 110 are introduced into the surface 100.
  • the filler 120 is arranged.
  • the same filling material 120 is provided in each recess 110.
  • different fillers 120 are provided for different wells 110.
  • the depressions 110 are formed as depressions 110 each having an undercut 113, more precisely each as a groove 111 having an undercut 113.
  • the grooves 111 are completely filled with the filling material 120.
  • the filler 120 is here as a filler 120 having an electrical conductivity of less than or equal to 5 MS / m, preferably less than or equal to 3 MS / m, and most preferably less than 1 MS / m and a magnetic conductivity expressed in a permeability number of about greater than or equal to 100, more preferably greater than or equal to 300, and most preferably greater than or equal to 500. More specifically, the filler 120 is formed as a powder composite having a permeability of greater than 600.
  • the filling material 120 is on the one hand by pressing u. a. fixed in the undercut in the recess 110. On the other hand, an adhesive is provided, as in
  • FIG. 4 shows in cross-sectional views various cross-sections 112 of a depression 110 in the surface 100 of a (claw) pole (finger) 22 (24).
  • FIG. 4 a shows a groove 111 with a rectangular cross-section 112
  • Filling material 120 is here not completely formed to an edge of the recess 110 or the surface 100.
  • 4c shows a depression 110 with an undercut 113.
  • the illustrated depression 110 is designed as a dovetail groove.
  • the filling material 120 is not filled up to an upper edge of the depression 110 or the surface.
  • FIG. 4 d shows a cross section 112, which is approximately cross-shaped and therefore also has an undercut 113.
  • the undercut 113 is not disposed adjacent to a bottom of the groove 111, but spaced therefrom.
  • the filling material 120 is spaced is arranged to the upper edge or the surface 100 and the bottom of the groove 111, so that adjacent to the bottom or the surface 100 depending on a free space 115 is realized.
  • FIGS. 4e and 4f show mirror-asymmetrical cross-sections 112.
  • FIG. 4e shows a modified, cross-shaped cross-section 112.
  • the undercut 113 has different transverse extensions. A width of an upper recess portion is different from a width of the lower recess portion. The recessed portions are separated by the undercut 113.
  • the undercut 113 is formed on one side only. From an otherwise rectangular cross section 112 of the undercut 113 protrudes like a groove in one direction.
  • the cross sections 112 illustrated here represent only a portion of a plurality of conceivable cross sections 112 by way of example.
  • a recessed arrangement is provided, which runs approximately helically, like a record groove. Accordingly, a plurality of spiral groove sections purple or spiral sections are provided.
  • the illustrated embodiments represent an example only a section of any number of selectable embodiments.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une machine électrique (10), en particulier une machine électrique (10) telle qu'un générateur ou un moteur, qui comprend au moins un pôle (22, 23) tel qu'un pôle saillant ou un pôle à griffes, qui sert à convertir de l'énergie mécanique en énergie électrique et qui comporte au moins un rotor (20) pourvu d'au moins deux pôles (à griffes) (22, 23), chacun d'eux étant en matière polaire, dont la surface extérieure (100), tournée vers un alésage de stator, comporte au moins un évidement (110). Dans l'évidement (110) est disposée une matière de remplissage (120) dont la conductivité électrique est inférieure à celle de la matière polaire et qui sert de conducteur magnétique.
EP14796494.4A 2013-11-21 2014-11-10 Machine électrique et procédé de fabrication d'une machine électrique Withdrawn EP3072216A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013223809.6A DE102013223809A1 (de) 2013-11-21 2013-11-21 Elektrische Maschine und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektrischen Maschine
PCT/EP2014/074202 WO2015074911A2 (fr) 2013-11-21 2014-11-10 Machine électrique et procédé de fabrication d'une machine électrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3072216A2 true EP3072216A2 (fr) 2016-09-28

Family

ID=51894036

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14796494.4A Withdrawn EP3072216A2 (fr) 2013-11-21 2014-11-10 Machine électrique et procédé de fabrication d'une machine électrique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20160308410A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3072216A2 (fr)
CN (1) CN105745818B (fr)
DE (1) DE102013223809A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015074911A2 (fr)

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CN113410964A (zh) * 2021-06-28 2021-09-17 江苏龙城精锻集团有限公司 一种混合励磁发电机用零件铣磁钢限位槽类爪极制造工艺及爪极与工装

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2015074911A2 (fr) 2015-05-28
US20160308410A1 (en) 2016-10-20
CN105745818B (zh) 2019-07-23
WO2015074911A3 (fr) 2015-07-23
DE102013223809A1 (de) 2015-05-21
CN105745818A (zh) 2016-07-06

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