EP2913453A1 - Construction module - Google Patents

Abstract

It is proposed a three-dimensional structural module having a structured structure which comprises a primary framework (1) made of a first material having a first thermal conductivity and providing a carrier function, and a secondary frame (2) made of a second material having a second thermal conductivity lower than the first thermal conductivity and providing a reinforcement function of the primary framework by including it, said secondary framework being formed of a plurality of uprights (2a) attached to the primary framework.

Description

The present invention relates to the construction of buildings intended in particular, but not exclusively to homes, schools, nurseries, cloakrooms, offices, collective housing and public buildings. The invention relates on the one hand to a three-dimensional module constructive principle and, on the other hand, to an efficient ecological insulation solution made of hemp concrete; the whole extends to a construction made up of these modules.

There are currently many traditional construction techniques on the market, consisting of building buildings in situ by assembling masonry blocks. These techniques require a skilled workforce increasingly difficult to find and often lead to very long construction times, with a quality of result often poorly controlled. Another technique exists as the industrial modular steel frame construction as defined in the patent no. 2930268 However, this system does not offer good results in terms of solidity at the floor level and in terms of thermal and acoustic insulation at the walls. There is also another technique such as modular wood frame construction, which offers advantageous thermal qualities but limited in their manufacture to modest lengths to limit the costs that would require large sections of wood.

Another widely used construction solution is the construction of a timber frame house (MOB) that allows prefabricated panels to build buildings. If this solution makes it possible to build the structural work in a very short time, the fact remains that the second work remains as long to treat as in the traditional construction, which is not the case of the present invention.

The advantages of the modular construction according to the present invention are numerous: speed of implementation, solidity, constant quality, very good thermal and acoustic performance ...

The realization in factory or workshops of these prefabricated modules makes it possible to maintain a high and constant quality of construction while lowering production costs. The modules thus produced in the factory will then be transported by road and then usually laid with a crane on the foundations previously made. The delays are shorter than traditional construction solutions, and do not suffer from weather delay because the production is done in a protected environment (factory).

According to the present invention, the architectural industrialized modular construction is characterized in that it generally consists of a metal frame sized according to the project forming the skeleton of the module (1). This frame can also be wood, but the production costs will be more important. It is by assembling these modules thus created, according to a determined configuration that the desired building will be constituted ( figures 5 and 6 ). According to the invention the frame (1) is adapted to ensure the carrier function and stability to horizontal and vertical forces regardless of the number of levels while also ensuring a fire resistance time in accordance with current regulations.

The module according to the present invention is intended to be laid on traditional foundations made up in particular of insulated rods or concrete studs, but it can also be placed on the floor since the module is self-supporting and self-stable if the present floor offers sufficient lift levels, however, a ventilated crawl space must be provided.

The metal frameworks used in the modular construction as we know it present sound disadvantages by the transmission of noise on the metal, and thermal because the metal created thermal bridges.

• une ossature primaire réalisée en un premier matériau présentant une première conductivité thermique et assurant une fonction porteuse, ainsi que
• une ossature secondaire réalisée en un second matériau présentant une seconde conductivité thermique inférieure à la première conductivité thermique et assurant une fonction de renfort de l'ossature primaire en l'englobant, ladite ossature secondaire étant formée d'une pluralité de montants fixés à l'ossature primaire.

For this purpose, the present invention provides a three-dimensional construction module having a structured structure. According to the invention, the structured structure comprises:

• a primary framework made of a first material having a first thermal conductivity and providing a carrier function, as well as
• a secondary frame made of a second material having a second thermal conductivity lower than the first thermal conductivity and providing a reinforcing function of the primary frame by including it, said secondary frame being formed of a plurality of amounts fixed to the primary framework.

Thermal conductivity or thermal conductivity is a physical quantity characterizing the behavior of materials during conductive heat transfer. Notated λ (or k in English), this constant appears for example in the Fourier law (see Thermal Conduction). It represents the energy (amount of heat) transferred per unit area and time under a temperature gradient of 1 kelvin per meter. The higher the thermal conductivity, the more heat-conductive the material. The lower it is, the more the product is insulating.

One of the advantages of the present invention is to treat the thermal bridges generated by the metal frame by creating a protective envelope. In one embodiment of the invention, the primary frame is metal and the secondary frame is wood.

In another embodiment of the invention, the primary frame and the secondary frame are made of wood.

In one embodiment, the posts of the secondary frame attached to the primary framework extend along at least one face of the module.

The addition of a secondary frame (2) made of specially machined wood will completely encompass the metal frame thus creating a total break thermal bridges.

Thus, advantageously according to the invention, each amount of the secondary framework has two ends and a body, each end comprising a narrower portion in a direction orthogonal to the plane of the face of the module, in other words a hollow, adapted to engage with a part for example a cross member of the primary frame.

In an advantageous embodiment, the invention comprises a floor and / or a ceiling. Uprights of the secondary framework extending in a vertical way, the floor engages (for example is fixed) with the robust structure at the level of the first ends of the uprights, whereas the ceiling engages with the solid structure at the level second ends of the uprights.

In addition, in one embodiment, one end of the posts extends beyond the primary frame.

Thus, the building module may comprise an acroterium anchored to the portions of the posts of the secondary framework which extend beyond the primary framework.

The woods (2a) placed on the upper module at the top floor are machined specifically to form a roof parapet as required by the rules of construction for roof terrace.

According to a feature of the invention, in the structure according to the invention, some panels are pierced with more or less large openings to receive the frames (11). Indeed it is necessary to provide the necessary reservations for the installation of doors, windows and possibly a stairwell. Thus, the building module may include at least one frame attached to the secondary frame.

Modular constructions as we know them use in most cases prefabricated floors of wood or thin industrialized concrete slab. These soils are one of the major drawbacks of this type of construction since the fineness and flexibility of the proposed soils lead to the use of vibrations, for example when a person is moving, and in addition creates a very strong resonance box. unpleasant. The present invention aims to remedy this drawback by creating a concrete slab (5) on a collaborating floor (3). The concrete slab is insulated in the underside (4) and is integral with the modular structure thus giving it a perfect rigidity while reinforcing the frame thus offering its users the same advantages as a raised slab used in traditional construction. This slab will also provide the necessary inertia for passive BBC buildings by storing heat in the winter and cooling in the summer.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the floor and / or the ceiling comprise a collaborating formwork, which is integral with the structural structure at the primary frame and / or the secondary frame. It is thus possible to cast a concrete slab in this collaborative formwork, which can be insulated on the underside by a layer of insulation.

Collaborative formwork is a cold-formed sheet. It stays in place after pouring concrete. The collaboration is based on the connection between sheet metal and concrete. Any type of coating can be placed on the top surface of the concrete. The primary metal frame (1) well known in the modular construction is itself self-supporting and self-stable but one of the advantages of the present invention and the secondary wood frame (2) added will strengthen and stiffen the structure of the module favoring the multi-storey modular construction.

It should also be noted that in the upper part there are fastening systems for attaching cables for lifting, craning and laying modules.

Electricity and plumbing networks are factory installed (12), they require a simple connection through special quick couplings when installing modules on site.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the building module comprises a natural insulator formed of plant concrete, called hemp concrete, disposed between the amounts of the secondary frame.

According to another characteristic of the invention the chosen insulation and its mode of application offers a perfect airtightness and a very efficient insulation. The insulation may be glass wool, rock wool, cellulose, wood wool, polyurethane foam (panel or projection) or any other known insulation in the traditional construction, but a preferred feature according to the invention is the use of natural insulating materials such as plant concrete more commonly known as "hemp concrete" in use wall and / or ceiling and / or soil. Vegetable concrete or hemp concrete is made up of at least three components, the first of which is a natural aggregate such as hemp (hemp stalk) or wood granulate, the second is a binder composed mainly of lime and the third of water. To improve its performance, the hemp concrete may be supplemented by a supply of cement, pozzolanic binder (example: Metakaolin), adjuvant or any other component giving it advantageous characteristics to its use (example retarder or setting accelerator, plasticizer, water repellent). Hemp concrete offers very good thermal and acoustic yields and offers all the comfort sought by the present invention.

According to the present invention the hemp concrete (7) is implemented between the amounts of the wooden secondary frame (2), either according to the technique of the bunching or not projection. It is noted that before the implementation of the concrete, all the networks (12) (water, electricity, and others) will have been put in place, thus favoring the perfect coating of the present networks and thus ensuring a perfect airtightness.

Indeed this mode of insulation will guarantee a perfect airtightness of the building but in addition will stiffen the modular structure. To guarantee uniform insulation, hemp concrete can also be injected into the metal tubes that form the primary framework (1) of the module thus limiting any thermal bridge.

The waterproofing of the modules on the roof is achieved either by means of an EPDM membrane (10) or a multi-layer complex, but the modules can completely receive a tile roofing or slate roofing by prefabricated roofing. covered traditional or other suitable means known to those skilled in the art.

The module thus defined may have an exterior treatment (8) facade type coating, prefabricated wood or composite panel, wood cladding or any other known means of traditional construction.

Finally, the present invention also relates to a construction comprising at least two building modules assembled to each other, for example by being either contiguous or superimposed.

The present invention extends to a modular construction composed of modules as defined in the claims and the description of the present application, contiguous on the same level and / or superimposed on several levels.

As goes without saying, the invention is not limited to the sole embodiment of this building, nor the only embodiment of the module described above, it encompasses all variants.

• La figure 1 représente une vue schématique en perspective 3D d'un module type selon l'invention.
• La figure 2 représente une coupe verticale du module selon l'invention
• La figure 3 représente une coupe horizontale d'une partie du module selon l'invention
• La figure 4 représente les montants bois usinés de l'ossature secondaire
• La figure 5 représente une vue schématique en perspective 3D de 4 ossatures de module illustrant un agencement possible de construction de maison à un étage
• La figure 6 représente un agencement possible de construction par l'association de modules juxtaposés.

Other features and advantages of the invention will be better understood with the aid of the description and the drawings given by way of nonlimiting examples hereinafter.

• The figure 1 represents a schematic view in 3D perspective of a standard module according to the invention.
• The figure 2 represents a vertical section of the module according to the invention
• The figure 3 represents a horizontal section of a part of the module according to the invention
• The figure 4 represents the machined wood studs of the secondary framework
• The figure 5 represents a schematic 3D perspective view of 4 module frames illustrating a possible one-storey house construction arrangement
• The figure 6 represents a possible arrangement of construction by the association of juxtaposed modules.

On the figure 1 , we see the representation of a module according to the present invention consisting of a three-dimensional primary frame (1) metal or wood; a secondary wooden framework (2, 2a), a collaborating deck floor (3), an insulator on the underside (4) or on the tank, a concrete slab (5), interior walls of Placo (6), a single wall concrete hemp or other insulation system known to those skilled in the art (7), an exterior finish (8) according to the wishes of the client and urban planning regulations in force, wood or concrete floors on the roof (9), and EPDM waterproofing on the roof (10). On the figure 1 ) we also see how is positioned a carpentry (11) in the module.

First, the invention relates to the construction of rectangular parallelepipedic three-dimensional modules consisting of a frame (1) of metal or wood ensuring the carrier function and stability to horizontal and vertical forces. This frame is precisely sized to ensure a perfect resistance to these efforts if the project involves modules juxtaposed or superimposed or both. A secondary framework generally of wood (2) is then fixed on the primary framework (2c) by specific screws to create the structure receiving between these amounts the hemp concrete (7). The woods (2) are specially machined to create an envelope to remove the thermal bridges of the primary frame when it is metal. The woods of the upper floor (2a) are also machined to create the roof parapet in the case of a roof terrace. These wooden uprights are screwed (2c) in the lower part and in the upper part on the primary framework (1). A variant of the present invention is to cover the module with fermettes to create a roof tile, slate when required by urban planning.

On the ground the module is composed in the following way; insulation (4) type sprayed polyurethane foam or rock wool (in this case a sump is provided) a slab of hemp concrete may be preferred, collector (3) and concrete slab (5). This concrete slab will provide the necessary inertia for the thermal quality of the present construction; it will then be tiled, soft floor, parquet or any other known coating.

The wall is composed inside a plasterboard (6) or other prefabricated panel known to those skilled in the art placed on a rail frame that will serve as a formwork lost, in the middle, a single wall concrete hemp of sufficient thickness to ensure the level of insulation referred to or other insulating system known in the traditional construction (glass wool or rock), then to finish outside of a coating (8). The exterior can also be treated with a rain cover and cleats and wood cladding or composite panels. An alternative to the present invention is to provisionally enclose the interior wall to leave apparent the concrete wall of hemp (7).

On the figure 2 it is seen in vertical section and in the preferred order of production, the primary framework (1), the secondary framework (2a) which ensures the acroterion function on the roof fixed on the primary framework by screws (2c) , the collector tank (3) the underside insulation (4), the concrete floor slab (5), the interior plaster walls (6), the electricity, heating or water networks (12) , the hemp concrete single wall (7), the roofing floor (9), the waterproofing membrane (10), the finishing treatment of the walls (8) coated or other solution. Hemp concrete is implemented using two techniques, either by benching or projection. In the bunkering solution, either a temporary formwork is added to the interior side of the building, which is then removed after hemp concrete has been used and dried, or a "lost" formwork composed of gypsum board (6) or other prefabricated panels is produced. like the Fermacell plates which will remain definitively and which will ensure the final interior aspect of the building. Then we provisionally put aside outside and fills the space created with the hemp concrete (7) previously prepared (hemp mixture, binder based lime or other binder and water). In the projection solution, the chenevotte and the binder (lime + water and additives) are simultaneously fed on the formwork (6) with the aid of a specialized machine until the desired thickness is obtained. In both solutions the electrical networks, heating (12) will have been previously placed in the walls so that the hemp concrete can perfectly drown these networks and ensure a perfect watertightness of the building.

On the figure 3 we see a horizontal section on which we find the elements composing the invented module: the primary framework (1), the secondary framework (2), the interior walls in plasterboard (6), the concrete wall of hemp (7) , carpentry (11) finishing treatment of walls (8) made of plaster or other solution.

On the figure 4 we see the 2 types of woodworking of the secondary framework, with the wood (2a) which integrates at the top part an element making it possible to constitute the acroterium for the modules of the higher level, and the wood (2b) which is used on the lower modules in the case of a two-storey building. We can also see the holes (2d) provided for fixing by screws (2c) of the secondary frame on the primary framework.

On the figure 5 we see two schematic 3D perspectives of possible habitat or building configurations composed of 4 modules (M1, M2, M3, M4). These presentations are made as an example. The building can be composed of one to an unlimited number of modules, from one to several levels.

The figure 6 represents a possible arrangement of construction by the association of juxtaposed modules.

Claims (12)

Three-dimensional construction module having a structured structure characterized in that said structured structure comprises: a primary framework made of a first material having a first thermal conductivity and providing a carrier function, as well as a secondary framework made of a second material having a second thermal conductivity lower than the first thermal conductivity and providing a reinforcing function of the primary framework by including it, said secondary framework being formed of a plurality of amounts fixed to the primary framework. Three-dimensional building module according to claim 1, wherein the primary frame is metal and the secondary frame is wood. Three-dimensional building module according to claim 1, wherein the primary frame and the secondary frame are of wood. A three-dimensional building module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the posts of the secondary frame attached to the primary framework extend along at least one face of the module. Three-dimensional construction module according to claim 4, wherein each amount of the secondary framework has two ends and a body, each end comprising a narrower portion in a direction orthogonal to the plane of the face of the module, adapted to engage with part of the primary framework. Three-dimensional building module according to claim 4, comprising a floor and / or a ceiling, and wherein amounts of the secondary frame extending vertically, the floor engages with the frame structure at the first ends of the amounts while the ceiling engages with the solid structure at the second ends of the uprights. A three-dimensional building module according to claim 6, wherein one end of the posts extends beyond the primary frame. A three-dimensional constructional module according to claim 7, comprising an acroterium anchored to the portions of the secondary frame posts that extend beyond the primary framework. Three-dimensional building module according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the floor and / or the ceiling comprise a formwork collaborating solidary structural structure at the primary frame and / or the secondary frame. Three-dimensional construction module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a natural insulator formed of vegetable concrete, called hemp concrete, disposed between the amounts of the secondary framework. Three-dimensional building module according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one frame attached to the secondary frame. Characterized in that it comprises at least two three-dimensional construction modules according to any one of the preceding claims, assembled to one another by being either contiguous or superimposed.

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