EP2832902A1 - Optimisation of a spinning nozzle for spinning filaments from a spinning material - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a spinneret (1) for spinning filaments from a dope. The spinneret (1) comprises a main body (2) which has a feed opening (3) for the spinning mass at a first end. At a second end opposite the first end, the base body (2) has at least one outlet opening (4) for the spinning mass, wherein a channel (5) for guiding the spinning mass runs between the feed opening (3) and the outlet opening (4). The channel (5) is designed to provide a flow of the spinning mass entering the feed opening (3) with a tangential or radial portion.

Description

The present invention relates to a spinneret, a spinning device and a method for spinning filaments from a dope.

In conventional primary spinning processes, in which a melt or a solution is conveyed by means of a pump through very fine nozzle bores and then wound up as a bundle of fibers or deposited as a textile nonwoven fabric or fabric on a belt, a diameter of the individual filaments leaving the nozzle bores is determined by the diameter thereof Drilling and stretching determined by air flow and other auxiliary equipment determined.

From the publication WO 2011/138056 A1 For example, the so-called "nanoval splice spinning process" is known which, in contrast to all other known primary spinning processes, produces continuous filaments whose average diameter are so small that their formation is not plausible merely because of the stretching.

The advantage of the splice spinning method is that relatively large nozzle cross-sections in the range of typically 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm can be used and yet filament finenesses of 2 .mu.m to 10 .mu.m and under special process conditions can be produced even reaching into the nanometer range. Characteristics of the spinning device are a laminar inflowing and laminar accelerated gas flow, which is in intensive momentum exchange with the melt, both together pass through a gas flow accelerating Laval nozzle. In conventional blow spinning processes (such as meltblown), the nozzles for the melt and the gas flow are made separately and not sequentially, so that an already accelerated gas flow coincides with a still unaccelerated melt thread, but accelerates this, but delays itself. In contrast, in the nanoval splice spinning process, the gas flow after contact with the molten filament is further accelerated.

Although the relatively large spinneret diameters of the described spunbonding process are easy to manufacture and also offer advantages in terms of the maximum possible throughput, a procedural disadvantage of the large diameter is a higher residence time in contrast to methods with extremely fine spinnerets. In addition, an increased pressure loss in the spinning bores causes the melt to be distributed more homogeneously onto the spinning bores, ie in particular in the case of the relatively large nanovalent spinning bores.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a spinneret, with which it is possible to achieve finer threads than with the methods known from the prior art, to homogenize the melt distribution and to shorten the residence time.

This object is achieved by a spinneret with the features of claim 1, a spinning device with the features of claim 9 and a method having the features of claim 10. By the measures specified in the dependent claims advantageous refinements and improvements are possible.

A spinneret for spinning filaments from a dope has a base body comprising a feed opening for the dope at a first end. At a second end opposite the first end, the base body has at least one outlet opening for the spinning mass, wherein a channel for guiding the spinning mass runs between the feed opening and the outlet opening. The channel is designed to provide a flow of the spinning mass entering the channel at the feed opening with a tangential and / or radial portion.

Due to the radial or tangential portion, which receives the flow when passing through the channel, the flow is modulated such that a velocity vector of the melt jet leaving the spinneret gets the radial or tangential component. As a result, resulting individual filaments can spread outward more freely. If an input flow of the spinneret, ie the flow upon entry, already has a tangential or radial portion, an additional tangential or radial portion is generated by the channel in the flow. Typically, the input flow is an axial-linear flow whose velocity vector is parallel to a longitudinal axis of the spinneret. The longitudinal axis runs centrally through the channel between the feed opening and the outlet opening.

The channel itself and / or the spinneret are typically rotationally symmetrical, preferably cylindrical. However, a diameter of the channel or the spinneret may conically taper or widen towards the outlet opening. It can be provided that the radial or tangential component produced by the channel is at least 5% of the linear component, preferably at least 10% of the linear component, particularly preferably at least 20% of the linear component of the flow.

To provide the flow with the tangential and / or radial portion, ie for modulating the flow shape, at least one structuring can be used, which is arranged on an inner wall of the channel. alternative or in addition, the structuring may also be arranged on at least one body introduced into the channel, either on an outside of the body or in an interior of the body. The at least one structuring preferably comprises a depression which is introduced into the inner wall or the outer surface, but may also comprise a projection and / or a passage through the body. In the passage through the body depressions or projections may also be arranged. By integrating the at least one body into the spinneret, which forms a flow profile as a profiled molding or from which bounces the flowing spinning mass as an impact body, a compact arrangement is achieved, with the same process parameters finer filaments, ie threads with a smaller diameter than in known methods , can be generated. The body can be arranged in the channel in such a way that the spinning mass can flow past the body not only through the passage, if present, but also laterally. The structuring of the inner wall supports the formation of the desired flow shape, without changing the spinneret in its basic dimensions. The passage through the body typically extends from an upper side facing the feed opening to an underside of the body facing the outlet opening and may be configured as a bore and is then typically referred to as a spinning bore, wherein the spinning bore has a round cross section. The body itself can have a rotationally symmetrical shape, in particular be cylindrical, or be a prismatic body, ie have a polygon as the base surface and parallel side edges of equal length. It can also be provided that more than a single body, preferably two of the bodies, more preferably three of the bodies are arranged in the channel. The bodies can all have an identical structuring or at least partially comprise a different structuring.

If the at least one body is introduced into the channel, it can be clamped, suspended, welded, soldered and / or screwed into the channel. The suspension typically takes place via a suspension running through the feed opening. The channel may have a cylinder bore, which forms the outlet opening or at least part of the outlet opening, wherein be clamped in this cylinder bore of the body can. By said possibilities of attaching the body in the channel of this is fixedly mounted in the channel and remains even when passing dope in its intended place.

Typically, the at least one body protrudes from the outlet opening of the spinneret in order to generate the radial or tangential portion in a particularly efficient manner. Preferably, the body protrudes 0.1 to 7 times the diameter of the channel or filament produced. It may additionally or alternatively be provided that a length of the body corresponds to at least a double diameter of the channel. Alternatively or additionally, the body may also protrude into a pre-distribution channel of the spinneret connected via the feed opening to the channel, preferably by 0.1 to 20 times the diameter of the channel or filament produced. The at least one body can also be incorporated entirely in the channel, that is, neither protrude downwards nor upwards. Preferably, a distance between one end of the body and one end of the channel is 0.1 to 20 times the diameter of the channel.

The at least one structuring typically runs parallel to a longitudinal axis, that is to say axially, spirally along the longitudinal axis of the spinneret or in a zig-zag shape along the longitudinal axis of the spinneret. The structuring may thus also have axial, radial and tangential portions, but is not fixed in their shape to a specific combination of these proportions. In a helical course, the structuring runs around an axis with a constant or variable distance to the axis, in particular the course can be helical. In a zig-zag course, a direction of structuring changes after a certain distance. A course along the longitudinal axis does not have to mean that the longitudinal axis forms the central axis; rather, an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis can also form the central axis. If different textures are used, they do not all have to have the same shape or cross-section, different shapes and also different cross-sections of the texturing can be used. Preferably, in addition to the structuring running in the interior of the body, at least one groove running around the longitudinal axis runs on the outside of the body Body, more preferably a plurality of such grooves. The grooves are typically each arranged without an inclination in a plane which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the spinneret, on the outside. The groove can be covered by a further structuring, resulting in a combination of the groove with the further structuring, through which melt can pass laterally past the body.

It can be provided that the at least one structuring and / or the at least one body each have a constant cross section over an entire length of the structuring or of the body. Alternatively or additionally, the body and / or the structuring may have at least two sections with different cross sections. Preferably there is a periodic change in cross section for more than two sections of different cross section. By adapting a geometry of the structuring or the body, the flow shape can be adjusted specifically. When adjusting the cross section, both a cross-sectional area and a shape of the cross section can be changed. Typically, the shape of the cross section is round, semicircular, quadrangular or triangular. Along the longitudinal axis of the spinneret, consistent cross sections may exist in sections, but within a section the cross section may also change.

It can be provided that the at least one structuring and / or the at least one body has at least three sections, each with a different, but sectionally constant, cross section. Here, two of the sections have a constant in this section, but different from each other or the same cross section and are connected by a section with conical or discrete steps in increasing or decreasing cross-section. A uniform change in the diameter is in this case in terms of a more uniform adjustment of the flow of the spinning mass favorable, but can also be an adjustment over several individual stages. An angle of attack in the conical section is preferably between 0 ° and 90 °, more preferably between 30 ° and 60 °. It can be provided in particular that an outlet opening facing the end of the profile body tapering in the direction of the outlet opening of the channel or the spinning hole is. Likewise, a diameter of the channel or the spinning bore, which is preferably between 0.5 mm and 1.2 mm, particularly preferably between 0.2 mm and 1 mm, taper towards the outlet opening. All tapered sections typically have a pitch in the aforementioned range.

The spinneret may be designed as a nipple nozzle and / or a line nozzle. The nipple nozzle can be like the one in the publication WO 2011/138056 A1 disclosed nipple nozzle be constructed, the line nozzle, which is also referred to as a web nozzle and preferably arranged in series spinning bores in a prismatic profile, like that in the document EP 1192 301 B1 be constructed spinneret. The spinneret itself is typically followed by an accelerating nozzle, which may be implemented as a Laval nozzle.

A spinning device for spinning filaments from a spinning mass comprises a spinning nozzle part into which at least one, preferably several, of the spinning nozzles described are inserted. Here, the spinnerets can be arranged side by side. It may be provided that the spinning device further comprises a gas nozzle part with at least one gas nozzle, wherein the gas nozzle is formed as an acceleration nozzle for a guided through the gas nozzle gas flow.

A process for spinning filaments from a dope is carried out with the described spinnerette or spinner. In the process, the dope passes through the feed opening in the channel of the spinneret, passes through the channel and leaves as a filament the channel through the outlet opening. The process is typically a splice spinning process, preferably the described nanoval splice spinning process. However, it can also be another melt spinning or solvent spinning or another primary spinning process.

An atomization pressure when carrying out the process can be between 100 mbar and 2000 mbar, preferably between 200 mbar and 1200 mbar. A hole throughput is typically between 0.01 g / min and 25 g / min, preferably between 0.1 g / min and 8 g / min. As a dope can Melting of polymers or even solutions such as cellulose -. B. Lyocell - are used.

A spunbond or a yarn is made of filaments produced by the described method.

Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and are described below with reference to the FIGS. 1 to 9 explained.

Fig. 1

einen Querschnitt einer Spinndüse mit einem eingebrachten Profilformkörper;

Fig. 2

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Profilformkörpers mit mehreren im Inneren angeordneten Durchgängen;

Fig. 3

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Profilformkörpers mit einem spiralförmigen, im Inneren angeordneten Durchgang;

Fig. 4

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Profilformkörpers mit einem zickzack-förmigen, Im Inneren angeordneten Durchgang;

Fig. 5

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform des Profilformkörpers mit auf der Außenseite angeordneten Vertiefungen;

Fig. 6

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform des Profilformkörpers mit auf der Außenseite angeordneter, spiralförmiger Vertiefung;

Fig. 7

eine seitliche Ansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform des Profilformkörpers mit Rillen auf der Außenseite;

Fig. 8

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Ausführungsform des Profilformkörpers mit unterschiedlichen Durchmessern und

Fig. 9

eine Fig. 1 entsprechende Darstellung einer Spinndüse mit zwei Profilformkörpern.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a cross-section of a spinneret with an introduced profile profile body;

Fig. 2

a perspective view of a profiled molding having a plurality of internally disposed passages;

Fig. 3

a perspective view of a profiled molding with a spiral, arranged in the interior passage;

Fig. 4

a perspective view of a shaped profile body with a zigzag-shaped, arranged inside passage;

Fig. 5

a perspective view of another embodiment of the profile molding with arranged on the outside recesses;

Fig. 6

a perspective view of another embodiment of the profile molding with arranged on the outside, spiral depression;

Fig. 7

a side view of another embodiment of the profile molding with grooves on the outside;

Fig. 8

a perspective view of an embodiment of the profile molding with different diameters and

Fig. 9

a Fig. 1 corresponding representation of a spinneret with two profile moldings.

In Fig. 1 a cross section of a spinneret 1 is shown. The spinneret 1 has a main body 2. At an upper end of the base body 2, a feed opening 3 is arranged. In alignment with the feed opening 3, an outlet opening 4 is arranged at a lower end. In further embodiments, the feed opening 3 and the outlet opening 4 may also not be arranged in alignment, but offset from one another and / or against a centrally extending in the spinneret 1 longitudinal axis of the spinneret 1 his. The spinneret 1 is used for spinning filaments or filaments of a fiber-forming polymer-containing dope. The dope passes through the feed opening 3 in the spinneret 1 and passes through a channel 5 which extends between the feed opening 3 and the outlet opening 4 and connects them. The spinning mass here runs in laminar flow parallel to a longitudinal axis 6 of the channel 5, which runs centrally through the channel 5 and in a straight line between the feed opening 3 and the outlet opening 4. Finally, the dope leaves the spinneret 1 as a filament through the outlet opening 4 after passing through the channel 5. The filaments are finally processed into a spunbond or a yarn.

The channel 5 is rotationally symmetrical with a diameter of 0.7 mm and has a cylindrical basic shape. A cross-section of the channel 5 is constant over an entire length of the channel 5, but in other exemplary embodiments, of course, a cross-sectional area or a cross-sectional shape may also change in sections. At the outlet opening 4, the spinneret 1 and in particular the channel 5 can taper. The spinneret 1 may also be arranged downstream of an accelerating nozzle, which is designed as a Laval nozzle, and the spinneret 1 may be adapted to perform the nanoval splice spinning process.

The channel 5 is provided with a structuring on an inner wall 7, which will be described in more detail below, by means of which the spinning mass entering at the feed opening 3 is provided with a tangential and / or radial portion, ie receives a twist. The inner wall 7 is the channel 5 facing and limits this. A flow form of the spinning mass is modulated by the structuring. The spinning mass usually enters the channel 5 as an axial-linear flow, with a flow direction parallel to the longitudinal axis 6 and the flow being laminar. If the dope already has a tangential or radial component when entering the channel 5, ie there is no purely axial-linear flow, the structuring of the channel 5 modulates an additional radial or tangential component. Typically, the modulated radial and / or tangential portion is 10% of the linear component. The spinneret 1 may be formed as a spin nipple or as a line nozzle consisting of a prismatic body having spinner bores arranged in a row, and is typically used in a spinner having a plurality of spinnerets of the same or different type. The spinning apparatus also includes a plurality of gas nozzles formed as accelerating nozzles for a gas flow passing through the gas nozzle.

In the channel 5 a shown in side view metallic profile profile body 8 is introduced. The profile shaped body 8 has a rotationally symmetrical basic shape and is in the in Fig. 1 shown embodiment cylindrical with a tapered end. A diameter of the profile molding 8 is less than a diameter of the channel 5, which is 0.7 mm. Thus, the profile shaped body 8 can be introduced into the channel 5. It is customary in this case to clamp the shaped profile body 8 in a cylinder bore from below, the cylinder bore being part of the outlet opening 4. Alternatively, the profile shaped body 8 can also be screwed, soldered, welded or positioned by a suspension such as a retaining cord in the channel 5.

The profile shaped body 8 has a profiling 21 on an outer side. The profiling 21 is thus the inner wall 7 of the spinneret 1 faces. The profiling is formed as a helical around a main body of the profile molding 8 extending projection. The projection has constant dimensions such as depth and width, but these may also be different in sections in other embodiments. Instead of a helical shape, a different distance between individual turns of a spiral may be provided in further embodiments, Similarly, not only one gear, but two or more than two courses can be provided.

As a result of the installation in the spinneret 1, the extruded mass can laterally pass the profiled shaped body 8 on the profiled shaped body 8, but is provided by the profiling with the radial and / or tangential portion of the flow. A flow of the spinning mass will be in Fig. 1 as well as in Fig. 9 marked by the arrows. In this case, the profile shaped body 8 protrudes downwards out of the channel 5 of the spinneret 1, typically by 0.1 to 7 times the channel diameter or a diameter of a produced filament, but may also protrude upwards in further exemplary embodiments. The length of the profile molding 8 may correspond to at least twice the length of the channel 5 or the filament. Thus, the profile shaped body 8 would also protrude into a pre-distribution channel arranged above the spinneret 1.

In Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of another embodiment of the profiled molding 8 with a plurality of passages 9, which extend as bores in a straight line parallel to a longitudinal axis of the profiled molded body 8 from an upper side of the profiled shaped body 8 to an underside of the profiled shaped body 8. Recurring features are provided with identical reference numerals in this figure as well as in the following figures. The passages 9 form in the in Fig. 2 illustrated embodiment vertices of an equilateral triangle on the top and bottom and can also have a profiling in its inner wall, for example depressions or projections. Of course, in further embodiments, more or fewer than three passages 9 can be provided, which are introduced into the profile shaped body 8 in any desired arrangement.

Another embodiment of the profile shaped body 8 is in Fig. 3 in a Fig. 2 corresponding view shown. The profile shaped body 8 has a passage 10 in its interior, which also extends from the top to the bottom, but is configured spirally. The spiral runs in this case about an axis which is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the profile shaped body 8 and, after installation of the profile shaped body 8 in the channel 5, also parallel to the longitudinal axis 6 of the spinneret 1. Also, the passage 10 can its inner wall have further structuring elements. It can also be provided in other embodiments, a plurality of spiral passages 10.

In Fig. 4 is in one Fig. 2 corresponding lateral view of a further embodiment of the profiled shaped body 8 is shown, in which runs in its interior a zig-zag-shaped passage 11 along the longitudinal axis of the profile shaped body 8. The passage 11 in turn extends from the top to the bottom of the profile shaped body 8. The zig-zag-shaped passage 11 has, as well as the passages 9 and 10 has a constant inner diameter and as well as in the FIGS. 2 and 3 shown passages 9 and 10 a round shape, in other embodiments, the inner diameter but can change sections. It is also possible that instead of a round inner diameter, a cross-sectional shape of the passages 9, 10, 11 is changed in sections, for example, triangular or quadrangular, in particular square. Likewise, further depressions or projections may be provided in the passages 9, 10, 11 in order to support the formation of the radial or tangential portion. In further embodiments, the passages 9, 10, 11 can be combined as desired within a single profile shaped body 8, ie that the profile molding 8 in its interior z. B. has two passages, of which a first one of the passages 9 and a second passage has the shape of the passage 10.

Fig. 5 represents a further embodiment of the profile molding 8 in one Fig. 2 corresponding view. Instead, inside a profiling on the outside of the profile shaped body 8 is now given. Several recesses 12 extend on the outside of the profile shaped body 8. This can also be done in alternative embodiments to one or more of the passages 9, 10, 11. The recess 12 extends in a straight line from the top to the bottom of the profile shaped body 8 along the longitudinal axis of the profiled shaped body 8. The recesses 12 have a semicircular shape, but may have other shapes in other embodiments. Also, not all of the recesses 12 need to have an identical shape, but rather, different ones of the recesses 12 may have different shapes. Each of the recesses 12 is immediately another The recesses 12 adjacent, but it may also be provided distances between the individual of the wells 12 or even a single recess 12 may be disposed on the outside of the profile shaped body 8.

Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of the profiled shaped body 8 in one Fig. 2 corresponding view. The profile shaped body 8 has on the outside of a recess 13, which in turn has a semicircular shape and spirally on the outside of the profile shaped body 8 extends or in other embodiments, zigzag-shaped, that has periodic changes of direction. The recess 13 extends from the top of the profiled shaped body 8 to the underside of the profile shaped body 8. In further embodiments, the shape of the recess 13 may also be a different shape from the semicircular shape, also different sections or widths of the recess 13 may be provided in sections. This is also possible with the recess 12. Alternatively, or in addition to the recesses 12 and 13 may on the outside of the profile shaped body 8 and a spirally encircling structuring, as shown in FIG Fig. 1 has already been shown, be provided.

In a side view is in Fig. 7 an embodiment of the profiled shaped body 8 is shown, in which this has a plurality of radially circumferential grooves 14 which are arranged one above the other along the longitudinal axis of the profiled shaped body 8. The shape of the grooves 14 is half-round, but may in turn have other shapes such as V-shaped in other embodiments. The grooves 14 are typically arranged in addition to one or more of the passages 9, 10, 11 on the profile shaped body 8 or covered by the grooves 12 and 13, to allow a lateral melt transport. Instead of the recesses or grooves 12, 13, 14, these can also be configured as projections, as well as the projection 21 can also be designed as a recess.

Also on the inner wall 7 of the spinneret 1, the described projections or recesses or grooves 12, 13, 14 may be applied in the forms mentioned with the same or sections different dimensions. For example, as with a gun barrel, a helical groove or a helical projection may extend along the inner wall 7 about the longitudinal axis 6 of the spinneret 1. This can be done both with and carried out without inserted into the spinneret 1 profiled molding 8.

Fig. 8 shows in a perspective view of an embodiment of the profiled shaped body 8, in which the profiled shaped body 8 has sections of different diameters or cross-sections. Here, a diameter area varies, while a diameter shape always remains the same, namely circular. In a first section 15, the diameter area is smaller than in a second section 16 located below the first section 15. In the illustrated embodiment, the first section 15 and the second section 16 are connected by a section 17 which is cone-shaped and has an angle of incidence of 19 35 °. Along the section 17, the diameter area changes uniformly, starting from the small diameter of the section 15 to the large diameter of the section 16. Below the section 16, a further tapered portion 18 is arranged, which forms one end of the profile shaped body 8. In section 18, the diameter tapers uniformly to zero, an angle of attack is 20 ° in the illustrated embodiment. Above the section 15, a likewise conically shaped with an angle of 25 ° portion 20 is arranged in the example shown. In the Fig. 8 illustrated embodiment of the profiled shaped body 8 may have in further embodiments, also in the interior or on the outside of one or more of the passages 9, 10, 11 or the recesses or projections 12, 13, 14, 21. In further embodiments, not only the diameter area, but also a diameter shape may be different in sections.

The channel 5 may, as well as the profile shaped body 8 have the sections described different diameters or cross sections. Likewise, the recesses and projections described may also be mounted on the inner wall 7.

Fig. 9 shows in one Fig. 1 corresponding representation of an embodiment of the spinneret 1 with two profiled moldings 8, 22. The spinneret 1 corresponds to the in Fig. 1 shown, however, the profile shaped body 8 is now opposite to in Fig. 1 shown shortens and does not protrude out of the channel 5. Below the profile shaped body 8 is in direct contact with the profile shaped body 8 between the profiled shaped body 8 and the outlet opening 4, a further profiled molding 22 is arranged. In further embodiments, the further profile shaped body 22 may also be spaced from the profile shaped body 8. The profile shaped body 22 is clamped in the outlet opening 4, soldered, screwed and / or hung, closes it and protrudes from the spinneret 1 down out. A passage 23 of the profile shaped body 22 has a significantly smaller diameter than the channel 5, in the illustrated embodiment, the diameter of the profile shaped body 22 is just 25% of the diameter of the channel 5, but can also generally between 10% and 25% of the diameter of the channel. 5 be. The passage 23 may be configured like the passages 9, 10, 11 already described and have a sectionally variable diameter or a sectionally variable shape as well as protrusions or depressions 12, 13, 14 on an inner wall. In addition, in further embodiments, two or more of the passages 23 may be arranged in the profile shaped body 22, wherein these passages 23 may be identical or different in their dimensions and their geometry. Furthermore, more than just two profiled shaped bodies can be arranged in the channel 5 in further exemplary embodiments, wherein the profiled shaped bodies can also be shaped differently. Instead of tapering and to achieve a uniform change in the cross section, the sections 17, 18 and 20 in other embodiments, and stepwise change the cross section. The angle of attack 19 is then typically 90 °. In general, the angle of attack 19 can be greater than or equal to 0 ° and less than or equal to 90 °.

By the described embodiments, it is possible fundamentally and substantially to improve the formation of finer filaments by distortion and splicing during the splicing spinning process by incorporation of the described special profiled profiled bodies 8 into the cylindrical spinnerets 1. By way of example, the following table is given: Atomizing pressure (primary air) [mbar] Hole throughput melt [g / min] d ₅₀ [μm] d _min [μm] d _max [μm] Experiment 1.1 460 0.9 3.4 1.6 9.5 Experiment 1.2 200 1.4 2.5 1.1 3.6 Experiment 2.1 500 4.0 4.2 3.2 6.1 Experiment 2.2 500 4.0 2.8 2.1 3.8

In this table, experiment 1.1 and experiment 2.1 were carried out with a nano vial without the profiled shaped body, experiment 1.2 and experiment 2.2, however, with a nozzle with integrated profiled profiled body. The experiment 1.2 has despite much lower atomization pressure in the result finer filaments. This not only affects the mean value d ₅₀ , but also the total diameter distribution. In experiment 2.2 it can be seen that, given otherwise identical process conditions, the spliced filaments with built-in profiled shaped body are of a finer diameter and the spectrum of the measured filament diameters becomes narrower.

The installed profiled moldings thus reduce the required atomizing pressure, increase the fineness of the filaments and result in a narrower diameter distribution.

The profile shaped bodies 8, 22 are in the examples shown in the figures inside and or or on their surfaces special flow channels 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21 incorporated, the cross section remains constant or uniformly tapers or widened, But this can also do periodically in a suitable manner. In addition, the channels 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21 may extend axially to an axis of the spinneret 1, but also have a tangential component in their orientation. Furthermore, the profile shaped bodies 8, 22 can also have flow channels 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21, which are incorporated exclusively in the radial direction on the surface of the profile shaped body 8, 22, so that in such a channel 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21 no flow in the axial direction would be possible without leaving the channel, where therefore additional channels 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21 with an axial component would be necessary. It has proven expedient to provide a combination of exclusively radially incorporated and obliquely arranged channels 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21. The effect is essentially due to the fact that the velocity vector of the melt jet leaving the spinneret 1 can also receive a radial and / or even a tangential component in addition to the basic axial component at the opening, whereby the individual filaments produced during the splicing and distortion are not so Acting very much together, but probably can spread more freely to the outside. The profiled shaped bodies 8, 22 contain, in particular, one or more suitably shaped bores in the interior in the basically axial direction of the spinneret 1, which however can also be oblique or curved and also spirally shaped.

However, flow channels 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21 can also be incorporated into the surface of the profiled shaped bodies 8, through which the melt flows and which basically run in the axial direction, but also wound with a tangential component, curved , spirally or in the form of a web. The incorporated in the surface of webs can also be incorporated exclusively tangentially without axial component, so that for the axial transport of the melt combinations of the aforementioned outer channels are required. The flow channels 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21 incorporated in the interior and in the surface of the profiled moldings 8, 22 have consistently constant cross sections or cross sections with continuously reduced but also continuously expanded cross-sectional area, which also increase or decrease periodically can. The enveloping surfaces of the profile shaped body 8, 22 may be cylindrical or tapered or consist entirely of conical and cylindrical sections.

Only features disclosed in the embodiments of the various embodiments can be combined and claimed individually.

Claims (11)

Spinneret (1) for spinning filaments from a spinning mass, comprising a main body (2) having a feed opening (3) for the spinning mass at a first end and at least one exit opening (4) for the spinning mass at a second end opposite the first end wherein between the feed opening (3) and the outlet opening (4) extends a channel (5) for guiding the spinning mass, characterized in that
the channel (5) is designed to provide a flow of the spinning mass entering at the feed opening (3) with a tangential and / or radial portion. Spinneret (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that for providing the flow with the tangential and / or radial portion at least one structuring (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21) is used, which on an inner wall (7 ) of the channel (5) is arranged and / or on an outside and / or in an interior of at least one in the channel (5) introduced body (8, 22) is arranged, wherein the at least one structuring (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21) preferably comprises a recess (12, 13, 14) and / or a passage (10, 11, 12) through the body. Spinneret (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the at least one body (8, 22) in the channel (5) of the spinneret (1) is clamped, hung, welded, soldered and / or screwed. Spinneret (1) according to claim 2 or claim 3, characterized in that the at least one body (8, 22) protrudes from the outlet opening (4) of the spinneret (1), preferably by between 0.1-fold to 7-fold a diameter of the channel (5), a length of the body (8, 22) of at least twice the length of the channel (5) and / or the body (8, 22) into one via the feed opening (3) protrusion channel connected to the channel (5), preferably by up to twenty times the diameter of the channel (5). Spinneret (1) according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that the at least one structuring (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21) parallel to a longitudinal axis (6) of the spinneret (1), spirally along the longitudinal axis (6) of the spinneret (1) or zigzag along the longitudinal axis (6) of the spinneret (1), wherein preferably in addition to the structuring (9, 9) running in the interior of the at least one body (8, 22). 10, 11) extends at least one radially around the longitudinal axis circumferential groove (14) on the outside of the body. Spinneret (1) according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that the at least one structuring (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21) and / or the at least one body (8, 22) each have a constant Cross-section over an entire length or the structuring (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21) and / or the at least one body (8, 22) each having at least two sections (15, 16) with different cross-section, wherein preferably there is a periodic change of the cross section in more than two sections with different cross section. Spinneret (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the at least one structuring (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21) and / or the at least one body (8, 22) has at least three sections with different cross section in which two sections (15, 16) of constant cross section are connected by at least one section (17, 18, 20) with conically or discretely increasing or decreasing cross section, preferably an angle of incidence (19) in the conical section (FIG. 17, 18, 20) is between 0 ° and 90 °, particularly preferably between 30 ° and 60 °. Spinneret (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is designed as a nipple nozzle and / or a line nozzle. Spinning device for spinning filaments from a spinning mass, having a spinneret part into which at least one spinneret (1) according to one of the preceding claims is inserted. A method of spinning filaments from a dope, comprising the spinneret (1) according to any one of claims 1-8 or the spinning apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the dope is fed via the feed opening (3) into the channel (5) of the spinneret (1 ) is introduced after one of the preceding sections, passes through the channel (5) and leaves the spinneret (1) as a filament through the outlet opening (4). Spunbond or yarn made from filaments produced by the process of claim 10.

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