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EP2801868B1 - Escapement wheel - Google Patents

Escapement wheel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2801868B1
EP2801868B1 EP14156753.7A EP14156753A EP2801868B1 EP 2801868 B1 EP2801868 B1 EP 2801868B1 EP 14156753 A EP14156753 A EP 14156753A EP 2801868 B1 EP2801868 B1 EP 2801868B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
escape
wheel
protuberance
anchor
adjacent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14156753.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2801868A2 (en
EP2801868A3 (en
Inventor
Stéphane von Gunten
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Manufacture et Fabrique de Montres et Chronometres Ulysse Nardin Le Locle SA
Original Assignee
Manufacture et Fabrique de Montres et Chronometres Ulysse Nardin Le Locle SA
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Publication of EP2801868A2 publication Critical patent/EP2801868A2/en
Publication of EP2801868A3 publication Critical patent/EP2801868A3/en
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B13/00—Gearwork
    • G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
    • G04B13/027—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots planar toothing: shape and design
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G04B15/08—Lever escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B35/00—Adjusting the gear train, e.g. the backlash of the arbors, depth of meshing of the gears
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B13/00—Gearwork
    • G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
    • G04B13/025—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots with elastic means between the toothing and the hub of a toothed wheel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of watchmaking. It relates, more particularly, an escape wheel.
  • the flexible blades of such flexible arm exhaust wheels store a certain amount of energy during the rest phases of the exhaust, due to the flexion of the flexible blades, a portion of this energy being restored to the anchor during the impulse phases of the exhaust.
  • the escape wheel may be subjected to a variable mechanical torque depending on the state of winding of the mainspring.
  • the pulses supplied to the anchor can vary considerably, on the one hand as a function of the impulses due to the rotation of the hub, on the other hand as a function of the pulses due to the energy stored in the flexible blades during the rest phases. Therefore and similarly to a standard escapement (without flexible arm), the amplitude of the pendulum can vary considerably, which affects the isochronism of the watch movement.
  • the object of the invention is thus to propose an escape wheel capable of at least partially reducing the variation of the pulses supplied to the anchor when said wheel is integrated in a clockwork movement.
  • the invention relates to an escape wheel for a clockwork movement, comprising a hub intended to be mounted to rotate with an axis, the axis being intended to be subjected to a mechanical torque induced by a motor spring with which it is associated (via a finishing gear train in a conventional manner), a plurality of resilient members extending from the hub, a plurality of stop members, substantially stiffer than the resilient members, extending from the hub and each interposed between two adjacent resilient members, each resilient member being provided with an extremal part.
  • said end portion comprises at least a first and a second protuberance, the first protrusion forming a tooth of the escape wheel intended to interact with the escapement anchor to which it is associated, the second protuberance forming a first abutment protrusion extending towards and capable of cooperating with a first adjacent abutment member.
  • the amount of energy that can be stored in each elastic member during the rest phases can be limited depending on the flexure of the elastic member before the first stop protrusion contacts the first adjacent abutment member. . Once such contact is complete, the flexure of the elastic member being thus limited, the amount of energy stored is also limited.
  • the anchor pulse due to the energy stored in the elastic element therefore remains substantially constant for the torque values applied to the hub of the escape wheel, which are sufficient to put the first abutment protrusion and the first adjacent abutment member in contact during the rest phases of the anchor.
  • the end portion may include a third protuberance forming a second abutment protrusion extending to a second adjacent abutment member.
  • This third protuberance and the second adjacent abutment member may be arranged to substantially prevent rotation of the end portion relative to the point of contact between the second protuberance and the first adjacent abutment member when the second protuberance and the first adjacent abutment member. are in contact. Therefore, the geometric position of the teeth of the escape wheel is not undesirably changed when the axis of the escape wheel is subjected to a relatively large torque.
  • the elastic element may comprise at least two blades, and the end portion may comprise a fourth protuberance still forming a tooth of the escape wheel intended to interact with the anchor. Therefore, the resilient member can withstand a torque applied around the point of contact between the second protrusion and the adjacent abutment member, thereby avoiding an undesirable change in the position geometric teeth of the escape wheel when its axis is subject to a relatively large torque.
  • the elastic member is arranged so that the first abutment protrusion and the adjacent abutment member are intended to come into contact with each other when the elastic member is subjected to a mechanical torque equal to or greater than a predetermined torque, this predetermined torque being substantially 0.5 ⁇ Nm. Therefore, the first abutment protrusion and the adjacent abutment element already come into contact during the rest phases when the axis of the escape wheel is subjected to a predetermined minimum torque. Thus, the pulse applied to the anchor due to the energy stored in the elastic element therefore remains substantially constant throughout the movement.
  • the escape wheel is formed in one piece and is preferably made of non-metallic material, preferably based on silicon, silicon dioxide, diamond-based, based on sapphire, ruby-based, or corundum-based.
  • the object of the invention is also achieved by a method of transmitting energy between an escape wheel as described above and an escape anchor.
  • the end portion comprises at least one first protuberance which forms said tooth of the escape wheel, and at least one second protuberance which forms a first abutment protrusion extending towards a first adjacent abutment member, the second protuberance contacting an adjacent abutment member when applying said tooth of the escape wheel against said rest plane of the escape anchor.
  • said abutment elements are each interposed between two adjacent elastic members.
  • the figure 1 shows an escape wheel 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the escape wheel 1 comprises a hub 2 pierced with an opening 2a for an axis (not shown) intended to be subjected to a torque provided by a motor spring of the clockwork movement in which the escape wheel 1 is intended to be integrated, so that it can be rotated in the direction of rotation R.
  • the opening 2a can be formed at the discretion of those skilled in the art, according to known embodiments.
  • a plurality of elastic members 3 extend from the hub 2 towards the outside of the escape wheel 1. In the present example, twenty elastic members 3 have been illustrated, but this number can be chosen according to the needs of the watchmaker.
  • abutment member 5 Between each pair of adjacent resilient members 3 is an abutment member 5, also extending from the hub 2 outwardly of the escape wheel 1. These abutment members 5 are formed to be substantially more rigid than the elastic elements 3. The abutment elements 5 as illustrated here are perforated, but alternatively may be full.
  • Each elastic element 3 is provided at its free end with an end portion 4.
  • Each end portion 4 comprises a plurality of protuberances 6, 7, 8 which protrude from the point of junction between the elastic element 3 and its extremal part 4.
  • the first protrusion 6 defines a tooth of the escape wheel 1, which is intended to interact conventionally with an anchor, and thus has a conventional shape. As illustrated here, the first protrusion 6 is formed to interact with a Swiss anchor, but the first protuberance 6 could be formed for any type of escapement.
  • the second protrusion 7 extends towards the adjacent stop element 5, in this case in the upstream direction, and forms a stop protrusion, limiting the degree of flexion of the elastic element 3 when the latter is subjected to a torque enough by the hub, as will become clearer in the following.
  • each end portion 4 comprises a third protuberance 8, which in this case has no technical operation and could be omitted, as is the case in the embodiment of the figure 6 (see below).
  • the figures 2 and 3 show an alternative embodiment of an escape wheel according to the invention.
  • the figure 2 shows a partial view at an extremal portion 4 and the free ends of a first abutment member 5a adjacent to the end portion 4 in the upstream direction and a second abutment member 5b adjacent to the end portion 4 in the direction of swallows.
  • the abutment members 5a, 5b as illustrated herein are solid, but alternatively may be perforated.
  • the first protrusion 6 is intended to form a tooth of the escape wheel 1.
  • the escape wheel according to the embodiment of the figures 2 and 3 differs from that of figure 1 in that the third protuberance 8 is formed to interact with the second abutment element 5b, in the downstream direction of the end portion 4.
  • the second protuberance 7 has a triangular beak shape, forming a first abutment protrusion, to enter in contact with the upstream stop element 5a at a single point of contact 5a 2 , taking the form of an angular side cut.
  • the third protrusion 8 presents also a beak shape, thus also forming a second abutment protrusion, and is intended to come into contact with the part 5b 1 of the downstream abutment element 5b overhanging the third protuberance 8.
  • the figure 3 shows the same escape wheel 1 as at the figure 2 associated with its anchor 9.
  • the anchor 9 is of standard form, having an entry pallet 10 and an exit pallet 13. It is pivoted in the usual way about its axis 11, and therefore should not be described in more detail.
  • the anchor 9 is illustrated as a monoblock anchor, this characteristic is not essential to the operation of the escapement: it works equally well with conventional anchors having ruby vanes.
  • the escape wheel 1 is not subjected to a torque, which is the case when the motor spring of the clockwork movement in which the escape wheel 1 is integrated is not reassembled or when the gear train is blocked. Consequently, the elastic element 3 is not flexed and is in its rest position. In addition, the e3xtrémale part 4 is neither in contact with the upstream stop element 5a, nor with the downstream stop element 5b.
  • the figure 4 still shows an alternative variant of an embodiment of the present invention, in a view similar to that of the figure 3 .
  • the elastic element 3 is composed of 2 blades 3a, 3b, linked by a single end portion 4.
  • This end portion comprises a first protuberance 6, a second protuberance 7, and a third non-functional protuberance 8 (which can therefore be suppressed), formed and operating in a manner similar to that of the embodiment illustrated by the figure 1 .
  • the extremal portion 4 further comprises a fourth protuberance 12, formed similarly to the first protrusion 6, and also serving as the tooth of the escape wheel 1.
  • These two teeth of the escape wheel, that is to say say the first protrusion 6 and the fourth protrusion 12 are interconnected by a bar 14, which is substantially more rigid than the blades 3a, 3b of the elastic element 3.
  • This bar 14 is illustrated in FIG. figure 4 as curved and full, but can also be straight and / or openworked.
  • the bar 14 and the two blades 3a, 3b of the elastic element 3 have essentially the same purpose as the double contact between the end portion 4 and the upstream stop elements 5a and 5b downstream embodiments of the figures 2 and 3 , that is to say to avoid unwanted rotation of the end portion 4 when the elastic member 3 is subjected to a torque.
  • the bar 14 and the two blades 3a, 3b can withstand a torque applied around the point of contact between the second protrusion 7 and the upstream stop element 5a, so that the abutment position does not differ significantly as a function of the torque applied to the wheel.
  • the figure 5 still shows an alternative of the invention, according to a view similar to that of the figure 3 .
  • This variant differs from that of the figure 3 in that the first protrusion 6 has a sharp shape to form an escape wheel 1 for an English-type exhaust, that is to say with an unshared pulse, either on the pallet only.
  • the figure 6 still shows an additional variant, according to a view similar to that of the figure 1 .
  • This variant differs from that of the figure 1 in that the end portion 4 is relatively smaller, and in that the third protuberance is absent.
  • the second protuberance 7 is reduced to a curved corner protruding from the junction point between the elastic element and the end portion 4, extending towards a contact surface 5a 2 of the upstream stop element 5a, with which the second protrusion is intended to come into contact when the elastic element 3 is in the bent position.
  • the second protuberance can be considered as projecting from an axis formed by the projection of the elastic member outwardly of the escape wheel.
  • the figure 7 illustrates an escape wheel 1 identical to that of the embodiment of the figure 3 , also with the first protrusion 6 of the extremal portion 4 of the elastic element 3 in the rest position against the rest plane of the pallet 10 of the anchor 9.
  • a torque has been applied to the hub 2 by means of its axis (not shown), this torque being of sufficient value to bend the elastic element 3 until the second protrusion 7 comes into contact with the contact 5a 2 of the upstream stop element 5a, and the third protuberance 8 comes into contact with the overhanging part 5b 1 of the downstream abutment element 5b. It should be noted that this last point does not occur for the embodiments of the escape wheels 1 illustrated by the figures 1 , 4 and 6 .
  • the minimum torque to obtain this contact would be about 0.5 ⁇ Nm for an escapement that operates with between about 0.2 and 2 ⁇ Nm of torque, but is likely to be chosen arbitrarily by the watchmaker according to his needs and according to the construction of the movement.
  • the other elastic elements that are not subject to the torque naturally remain in their rest positions.
  • the figure 8 illustrates the position of the escape wheel 1 and the anchor 9 during a first part of its impulse phase, just after the release of the first protrusion 6 of the rest plane of the entry pallet 10 of the anchor 9.
  • the clearance causes rotation of the anchor 9 about its axis 11 in the clockwise direction (for the entry pallet) under the action of the pendulum (not shown), then starts the impulse phase.
  • the escape wheel 1 considered in its entirety, has a certain moment of inertia.
  • a traditional escape wheel that is to say rigid
  • the anchor is already moving, while the escape wheel is stopped. Due to its inertia and possibly also at least one part of the inertia of the finishing work train upstream, it only catches the entry pallet after about the first third of the impulse plane.
  • the tooth gives an impulse to the anchor as it travels along the other two-thirds of the impulse plane.
  • the exhaust wheels having flexible teeth generally operate in a slightly different manner, the moment of inertia of the individual teeth, including their elastic elements, being substantially less important than the moment of inertia of the escape wheel taken in its entirety. Therefore, immediately after disengagement, the elastic member, which was bent in the rest position by the torque applied by the hub, can accelerate relatively quickly compared to the rest of the escape wheel, and can therefore follow the impulse plane of the pallet of the anchor to a greater extent than in the case of a rigid escape wheel. As a result, the tooth of the flexible escape wheel comes into contact with the pulse plane at a point closer to the rest plane than is the case for a rigid exhaust wheel as mentioned above.
  • the figure 9 illustrates the situation a few moments after the one illustrated in figure 6 .
  • the escape wheel 1 accelerates, and rotates in the direction of rotation R, and catches the end portion 4 of the elastic member 3.
  • the first protrusion 6 remaining in contact with the pulse plane of the input pallet 10 of the anchor 9, the elastic element 3 is thus bent again, until the second protrusion 7 comes into contact with the upstream stop element 5a and the third protrusion 8 comes into contact with the overhanging part 5b 1 of the abutment member swallows 5b.
  • the pulse supplied to the anchor 9 is given substantially exclusively by rigid transmission between the hub 2 and the first protrusion 6, via the upstream stop element 5a, the second protuberance 7 remaining in contact with the upstream stop element 5a and the third protuberance 8 remaining in position. contact with the abutment member swallows 5b until the end of the pulse phase.
  • the figure 10 illustrates the situation just before the end of the impulse phase on the tooth.
  • the first protrusion 6 is about to leave the pulse plane of the entry pallet 10 of the anchor 9, and it should be noted that the second protrusion 7 always remains in contact with the upstream stop element 5a and the third protuberance 8 remains in contact with the downstream abutment member 5b.
  • the sequence of operation is identical, not only for the first protrusion 6 of the end portion 4, but also for the fourth protrusion 12, which also forms a tooth of the escape wheel 1 functionally identical to the first protrusion 6. It should also be noted that for the embodiments of the escape wheel 1 illustrated in FIGS. figures 1 and 4 , the comments above concerning the third protuberance 8 do not apply because the third protrusion 3 is not functional, and does not interact with the downstream abutment element 5b.
  • a portion of the elastic element 3 can bear against the upstream stop element 5a, as an alternative to, or in addition to, the second protuberance 7 in all the embodiments.
  • abutment elements 5 interposed between the elastic elements 3 of the embodiment of the figure 4 abutment elements can be located between the blades 3a, 3b of the elastic element 3.
  • the figure 11 illustrates qualitatively in graph form the energy transmitted to the balance wheel when using a traditional and rigid exhaust anchor and escape wheel, during the phases of release and momentum .
  • the values of E lying above the horizontal axis represent the energy supplied to the balance wheel by the escape wheel via the anchor 9, and those lying below the horizontal axis represent the energy consumed by the balance during the release to overcome the friction and pulling force.
  • the bars in dark gray represent the energy values for the case where the driving member is strongly armored (relatively high torque applied to the hub), and bars in light gray represent the energy values for the case where the drive member is weakly armed (relatively low torque applied to the hub).
  • the energy consumed during the release and the energy supplied during the pulse are greater if the drive member is heavily armed than if the drive member is weakly armed.
  • the total energy transferred is greater if the motor unit is heavily armed than if it is weakly armed.
  • the figure 12 illustrates, in a similar way to the figure 11 energy E transmitted to the balance with the use of an escape anchor and an escape wheel according to the invention.
  • the energy consumed during the release remains substantially similar to that of the case of the figure 11 .
  • the energy supplied during the pulse can be divided between the energy supplied by the elastic element 3, and the energy supplied by the hub 2.
  • the energy supplied to the anchor 9 by the elastic member remains substantially constant.
  • the energy supplied to the anchor due to the hub always varies according to the winding of the mainspring, but the total of the energy transferred by compared to the spring motor armature is substantially more constant than for the traditional case illustrated in the figure 11 .

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)

Description

Domaine techniqueTechnical area

La présente invention se rapporte au domaine de l'horlogerie. Elle concerne, plus particulièrement, une roue d'échappement.The present invention relates to the field of watchmaking. It relates, more particularly, an escape wheel.

Etat de la techniqueState of the art

Les documents US 7,708,454 , CH 705 300 et JP 4849998 divulguent des roues d'échappement, dans lesquelles les dents d'échappement sont formées par les sommets de lames flexibles s'étendant à partir d'un moyeu rigide. En comparaison avec les roues d'échappement classiques et relativement plus rigides, ces roues d'échappement à bras flexibles présentent un amortissement amélioré des chocs entre les palettes de l'ancre. Ceci est particulièrement important si la roue d'échappement est fabriquée à partir d'un matériau cassable tel que le silicium, le corindon ou similaire, lesquels peuvent être aisément endommagés par des chocs mécaniques causés par les impacts entre les dents de l'échappement et les moyens de limitation de l'ancre.The documents US7,708,454 , CH 705 300 and JP 4849998 disclose exhaust wheels, wherein the exhaust teeth are formed by the tops of flexible blades extending from a rigid hub. In comparison with the conventional and relatively stiffer exhaust wheels, these flexible arm exhaust wheels have improved shock absorption between the pallets of the anchor. This is particularly important if the escape wheel is made from a breakable material such as silicon, corundum or the like, which can be easily damaged by mechanical impacts caused by the impacts between the exhaust teeth and the means of limiting the anchor.

En outre, les lames flexibles de telles roues d'échappement à bras flexibles stockent une certaine quantité d'énergie pendant les phases de repos de l'échappement, due à la flexion des lames flexibles, une portion de cette énergie étant restituée à l'ancre pendant les phases d'impulsion de l'échappement.In addition, the flexible blades of such flexible arm exhaust wheels store a certain amount of energy during the rest phases of the exhaust, due to the flexion of the flexible blades, a portion of this energy being restored to the anchor during the impulse phases of the exhaust.

La roue d'échappement peut être soumise à un couple mécanique variable en fonction de l'état d'armage du ressort moteur. Il en résulte que les impulsions fournies à l'ancre peuvent varier considérablement, d'une part en fonction des impulsions dues à la rotation du moyeu, d'autre part en fonction des impulsions dues à l'énergie stockée dans les lames flexibles pendant les phases de repos. Par conséquent et de manière similaire à un échappement standard (sans bras flexible), l'amplitude du balancier peut varier considérablement, ce qui nuit à l'isochronisme du mouvement d'horlogerie.The escape wheel may be subjected to a variable mechanical torque depending on the state of winding of the mainspring. As a result, the pulses supplied to the anchor can vary considerably, on the one hand as a function of the impulses due to the rotation of the hub, on the other hand as a function of the pulses due to the energy stored in the flexible blades during the rest phases. Therefore and similarly to a standard escapement (without flexible arm), the amplitude of the pendulum can vary considerably, which affects the isochronism of the watch movement.

De plus, on connaît le document US 2,717,488 qui décrit une roue d'échappement ayant des dents à base élastique intercalées avec des éléments de butée rigides.In addition, the document is known US 2,717,488 which discloses an escape wheel having elastic base teeth interposed with rigid abutment members.

Le but de l'invention est ainsi de proposer une roue d'échappement capable de réduire au moins partiellement la variation des impulsions fournies à l'ancre lorsque ladite roue est intégrée dans un mouvement d'horlogerie.The object of the invention is thus to propose an escape wheel capable of at least partially reducing the variation of the pulses supplied to the anchor when said wheel is integrated in a clockwork movement.

Divulgation de l'inventionDisclosure of the invention

De façon plus précise, l'invention concerne une roue d'échappement pour un mouvement d'horlogerie, comprenant un moyeu destiné à être monté solidaire en rotation avec un axe, l'axe étant destiné à être soumis à un couple mécanique induit par un ressort moteur auquel il est associé (via un rouage de finissage de manière conventionnelle), une pluralité d'éléments élastiques s'étendant à partir du moyeu, une pluralité d'éléments de butée, substantiellement plus rigides que les éléments élastiques, s'étendant à partir du moyeu et intercalés chacun entre deux éléments élastiques adjacents, chaque élément élastique étant pourvu d'une partie extrémale.More specifically, the invention relates to an escape wheel for a clockwork movement, comprising a hub intended to be mounted to rotate with an axis, the axis being intended to be subjected to a mechanical torque induced by a motor spring with which it is associated (via a finishing gear train in a conventional manner), a plurality of resilient members extending from the hub, a plurality of stop members, substantially stiffer than the resilient members, extending from the hub and each interposed between two adjacent resilient members, each resilient member being provided with an extremal part.

Selon l'invention, ladite partie extrémale comprend au moins une première et une deuxième protubérance, la première protubérance formant une dent de la roue d'échappement destinée à interagir avec l'ancre d'échappement à laquelle elle est associée, la deuxième protubérance formant une première protubérance de butée, s'étendant vers, et susceptible de coopérer avec, un premier élément de butée adjacent.According to the invention, said end portion comprises at least a first and a second protuberance, the first protrusion forming a tooth of the escape wheel intended to interact with the escapement anchor to which it is associated, the second protuberance forming a first abutment protrusion extending towards and capable of cooperating with a first adjacent abutment member.

Par conséquent, la quantité d'énergie pouvant être stockée dans chaque élément élastique pendant les phases de repos peut être limitée en fonction de la flexion de l'élément élastique avant que la première protubérance de butée entre en contact avec le premier élément de butée adjacent. Une fois qu'un tel contact est achevé, la flexion de l'élément élastique étant ainsi limitée, la quantité d'énergie stockée est également limitée. L'impulsion à l'ancre due à l'énergie stockée dans l'élément élastique reste par conséquent substantiellement constante pour les valeurs de couple appliqué au moyeu de la roue d'échappement, qui suffisent pour mettre la première protubérance de butée et le premier élément de butée adjacent en contact pendant les phases de repos de l'ancre.Therefore, the amount of energy that can be stored in each elastic member during the rest phases can be limited depending on the flexure of the elastic member before the first stop protrusion contacts the first adjacent abutment member. . Once such contact is complete, the flexure of the elastic member being thus limited, the amount of energy stored is also limited. The anchor pulse due to the energy stored in the elastic element therefore remains substantially constant for the torque values applied to the hub of the escape wheel, which are sufficient to put the first abutment protrusion and the first adjacent abutment member in contact during the rest phases of the anchor.

D'une manière avantageuse, la partie extrémale peut comprendre une troisième protubérance formant une deuxième protubérance de butée s'étendant vers un second élément de butée adjacent. Cette troisième protubérance et le second élément de butée adjacent peuvent être agencés pour substantiellement éviter la rotation de la partie extrémale par rapport au point de contact entre la deuxième protubérance et le premier élément de butée adjacent lorsque la deuxième protubérance et le premier élément de butée adjacent sont en contact. Par conséquent, la position géométrique des dents de la roue d'échappement n'est pas modifiée de manière non souhaitable lorsque l'axe de la roue d'échappement est soumis à un couple relativement important.Advantageously, the end portion may include a third protuberance forming a second abutment protrusion extending to a second adjacent abutment member. This third protuberance and the second adjacent abutment member may be arranged to substantially prevent rotation of the end portion relative to the point of contact between the second protuberance and the first adjacent abutment member when the second protuberance and the first adjacent abutment member. are in contact. Therefore, the geometric position of the teeth of the escape wheel is not undesirably changed when the axis of the escape wheel is subjected to a relatively large torque.

D'une manière avantageuse, l'élément élastique peut comprendre au moins deux lames, et la partie extrémale peut comprendre une quatrième protubérance formant encore une dent de la roue d'échappement destinée à interagir avec l'ancre. Par conséquent, l'élément élastique peut résister à un couple appliqué autour du point de contact entre la deuxième protubérance et l'élément de butée adjacent, évitant ainsi une modification non souhaitable de la position géométrique des dents de la roue d'échappement lorsque son axe est soumis à un couple relativement important.Advantageously, the elastic element may comprise at least two blades, and the end portion may comprise a fourth protuberance still forming a tooth of the escape wheel intended to interact with the anchor. Therefore, the resilient member can withstand a torque applied around the point of contact between the second protrusion and the adjacent abutment member, thereby avoiding an undesirable change in the position geometric teeth of the escape wheel when its axis is subject to a relatively large torque.

D'une manière avantageuse, l'élément élastique est agencé de manière à ce que la première protubérance de butée et l'élément de butée adjacent sont destinés à entrer en contact l'un avec l'autre lorsque l'élément élastique est soumis à un couple mécanique égal ou supérieur à un couple prédéterminé, ce couple prédéterminé pouvant être substantiellement de 0,5 µNm. Par conséquent, la première protubérance de butée et l'élément de butée adjacent entrent déjà en contact pendant les phases de repos lorsque l'axe de la roue d'échappement est soumis à un couple minimum prédéterminé. Ainsi, l'impulsion appliquée à l'ancre due à l'énergie stockée dans l'élément élastique reste par conséquent substantiellement constante pendant toute la marche du mouvement.Advantageously, the elastic member is arranged so that the first abutment protrusion and the adjacent abutment member are intended to come into contact with each other when the elastic member is subjected to a mechanical torque equal to or greater than a predetermined torque, this predetermined torque being substantially 0.5 μNm. Therefore, the first abutment protrusion and the adjacent abutment element already come into contact during the rest phases when the axis of the escape wheel is subjected to a predetermined minimum torque. Thus, the pulse applied to the anchor due to the energy stored in the elastic element therefore remains substantially constant throughout the movement.

D'une manière avantageuse, la roue d'échappement est formée d'une seule pièce et est préférablement fabriquée en matériau non-métallique, de préférence à base de silicium, à base de dioxyde de silicium, à base de diamant, à base de saphir, à base de rubis, ou à base de corindon.Advantageously, the escape wheel is formed in one piece and is preferably made of non-metallic material, preferably based on silicon, silicon dioxide, diamond-based, based on sapphire, ruby-based, or corundum-based.

Le but de l'invention est également atteint par un procédé de transmission d'énergie entre une roue d'échappement comme décrit ci-dessus et une ancre d'échappement.The object of the invention is also achieved by a method of transmitting energy between an escape wheel as described above and an escape anchor.

Le procédé comprend les étapes suivantes :

  • appliquer un couple mécanique au moyeu de la roue d'échappement ;
  • par ledit couple, faire appuyer une dent de la roue d'échappement contre un plan de repos de l'ancre d'échappement, fléchissant ainsi l'élément élastique auquel la dent est associée jusqu'à ce que au moins une portion de l'élément élastique et/ou de la partie extrémale entre en contact avec un élément de butée adjacent, cette flexion permettant de stocker de l'énergie dans l'élément élastique ;
  • libérer la dent du plan de repos de la palette de l'ancre, pour l'appuyer contre un plan d'impulsion de l'ancre d'échappement et transmettant au moins une partie de l'énergie stockée dans l'élément élastique audit plan d'impulsion de l'ancre.
The method comprises the following steps:
  • apply a mechanical torque to the hub of the escape wheel;
  • by said pair, pressing a tooth of the escape wheel against a rest plane of the escape anchor, thereby bending the elastic member with which the tooth is associated until at least a portion of the elastic member and / or the extremal portion comes into contact with an adjacent abutment member, this bending for storing energy in the elastic member;
  • releasing the tooth from the rest plane of the pallet of the anchor, to support it against an impulse plane of the escape anchor and transmitting at least a portion of the energy stored in the elastic element to said plane impulse of the anchor.

Ce procédé présente les mêmes effets et les mêmes avantages que la roue d'échappement selon l'invention elle-même, qui ne seront pas répétés pour raisons d'espace.This method has the same effects and the same advantages as the escape wheel according to the invention itself, which will not be repeated for reasons of space.

De préférence, la partie extrémale comprend au moins une première protubérance qui forme ladite dent de la roue d'échappement, et au moins une deuxième protubérance qui forme une première protubérance de butée s'étendant vers un premier élément de butée adjacent, la deuxième protubérance entrant en contact avec un élément de butée adjacent lors de l'application de ladite dent de la roue d'échappement contre ledit plan de repos de l'ancre d'échappement.Preferably, the end portion comprises at least one first protuberance which forms said tooth of the escape wheel, and at least one second protuberance which forms a first abutment protrusion extending towards a first adjacent abutment member, the second protuberance contacting an adjacent abutment member when applying said tooth of the escape wheel against said rest plane of the escape anchor.

D'une manière avantageuse, lesdits éléments de butée sont intercalés chacun entre deux élément élastiques adjacents.Advantageously, said abutment elements are each interposed between two adjacent elastic members.

Brève description des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

D'autres détails de l'invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description qui suit, faite en référence au dessin annexé dans lequel :

  • Fig. 1 est une vue en plan d'une roue d'échappement selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • Fig. 2 est une vue partielle en plan d'une roue d'échappement selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • Fig. 3 est une vue en plan d'une roue d'échappement selon le mode de réalisation de la figure 2 et une ancre ;
  • Fig. 4 est une vue en plan d'une roue d'échappement selon encore un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention et une ancre ;
  • Fig. 5 est une vue en plan d'une roue d'échappement selon encore un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention et une ancre ;
  • Fig. 6 est une vue en plan d'une roue d'échappement selon encore un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • Fig. 7 est une vue en plan de la roue d'échappement de la figure 3 avec son ancre en position de repos ;
  • Fig. 8 est une vue en plan de la roue d'échappement de la figure 3 avec son ancre pendant une première partie de la phase d'impulsion ;
  • Fig. 9 est une vue en plan de la roue d'échappement de la figure 3 avec son ancre pendant une deuxième partie de la phase d'impulsion ;
  • Fig. 10 est une vue en plan de la roue d'échappement de la figure 3 avec son ancre à la fin de la phase d'impulsion (phase d'impulsion sur la dent) ;
  • Fig. 11 est un graphique illustrant qualitativement l'énergie transmise au balancier dans un échappement possédant une roue d'échappement conventionnel ; et
  • Fig. 12 est un graphique illustrant qualitativement l'énergie transmise au balancier dans un échappement possédant une roue d'échappement selon l'invention.
Other details of the invention will emerge more clearly on reading the description which follows, made with reference to the appended drawing in which:
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of an escape wheel according to an embodiment of the invention;
  • Fig. 2 is a partial plan view of an escape wheel according to another embodiment of the invention;
  • Fig. 3 is a plan view of an escape wheel according to the embodiment of the figure 2 and an anchor;
  • Fig. 4 is a plan view of an escape wheel according to yet another embodiment of the invention and an anchor;
  • Fig. 5 is a plan view of an escape wheel according to yet another embodiment of the invention and an anchor;
  • Fig. 6 is a plan view of an escape wheel according to yet another embodiment of the invention;
  • Fig. 7 is a plan view of the escape wheel of the figure 3 with his anchor in rest position;
  • Fig. 8 is a plan view of the escape wheel of the figure 3 with his anchor during a first part of the impulse phase;
  • Fig. 9 is a plan view of the escape wheel of the figure 3 with his anchor during a second part of the impulse phase;
  • Fig. 10 is a plan view of the escape wheel of the figure 3 with his anchor at the end of the impulse phase (impulse phase on the tooth);
  • Fig. 11 is a graph qualitatively illustrating the energy transmitted to the balance wheel in an exhaust having a conventional escape wheel; and
  • Fig. 12 is a graph qualitatively illustrating the energy transmitted to the balance in an exhaust having an escape wheel according to the invention.

Mode de réalisation de l'inventionEmbodiment of the invention

On note d'abord que des pièces identiques ou équivalentes sont indiquées dans les dessins avec les mêmes signes de référence.It should first be noted that identical or equivalent parts are indicated in the drawings with the same reference signs.

La figure 1 montre une roue d'échappement 1 selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention. La roue d'échappement 1 comprend un moyeu 2 percé d'une ouverture 2a pour un axe (non illustré) destiné à être soumis à un couple fourni par un ressort moteur du mouvement d'horlogerie dans lequel la roue d'échappement 1 est destinée à être intégrée, afin qu'elle puisse être mise en rotation selon la direction de rotation R. L'ouverture 2a peut être formée au choix de l'homme du métier, selon des modes de réalisation connus.The figure 1 shows an escape wheel 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention. The escape wheel 1 comprises a hub 2 pierced with an opening 2a for an axis (not shown) intended to be subjected to a torque provided by a motor spring of the clockwork movement in which the escape wheel 1 is intended to be integrated, so that it can be rotated in the direction of rotation R. The opening 2a can be formed at the discretion of those skilled in the art, according to known embodiments.

Une pluralité d'éléments élastiques 3 s'étend à partir du moyeu 2 vers l'extérieur de la roue d'échappement 1. Dans le présent exemple, vingt éléments élastiques 3 ont été illustrés, mais ce nombre peut être choisi selon les besoins de l'horloger.A plurality of elastic members 3 extend from the hub 2 towards the outside of the escape wheel 1. In the present example, twenty elastic members 3 have been illustrated, but this number can be chosen according to the needs of the watchmaker.

Entre chaque paire d'éléments élastiques 3 adjacents se trouve un élément de butée 5, s'étendant également à partir du moyeu 2 vers l'extérieur de la roue d'échappement 1. Ces éléments de butée 5 sont formés afin d'être substantiellement plus rigides que les éléments élastiques 3. Les éléments de butée 5 comme illustrés ici sont ajourés, mais alternativement peuvent être pleins.Between each pair of adjacent resilient members 3 is an abutment member 5, also extending from the hub 2 outwardly of the escape wheel 1. These abutment members 5 are formed to be substantially more rigid than the elastic elements 3. The abutment elements 5 as illustrated here are perforated, but alternatively may be full.

On note que, pour des raisons de clarté, un seul élément élastique 3 et un seul élément de butée ont été référencés, les autres éléments élastiques et les autres éléments de butée respectivement étant substantiellement identiques. Dans la suite, s'il est nécessaire d'identifier un élément de butée 5 en amont d'un élément élastique 3, cet élément de butée est identifié avec le suffixe « a », le suffixe « b » étant utilisé pour identifier l'élément de butée 5 en aval.It should be noted that, for the sake of clarity, only one elastic element 3 and one abutment element have been referenced, the other elastic elements and the other abutment elements respectively being substantially identical. In the following, if it is necessary to identify an abutment element 5 upstream of an elastic element 3, this abutment element is identified with the suffix "a", the suffix "b" being used to identify the abutment element 5 downstream.

Chaque élément élastique 3 est pourvu à son extrémité libre d'une partie extrémale 4. Chaque partie extrémale 4 comprend plusieurs protubérances 6, 7, 8, qui font saillie du point de jonction entre l'élément élastique 3 et sa partie extrémale 4. La première protubérance 6 définit une dent de la roue d'échappement 1, qui est destinée à interagir de manière conventionnelle avec une ancre, et possède ainsi une forme conventionnelle. Comme illustré ici, la première protubérance 6 est formée pour interagir avec une ancre suisse, mais la première protubérance 6 pourrait être formée pour n'importe quel type d'échappement.Each elastic element 3 is provided at its free end with an end portion 4. Each end portion 4 comprises a plurality of protuberances 6, 7, 8 which protrude from the point of junction between the elastic element 3 and its extremal part 4. The first protrusion 6 defines a tooth of the escape wheel 1, which is intended to interact conventionally with an anchor, and thus has a conventional shape. As illustrated here, the first protrusion 6 is formed to interact with a Swiss anchor, but the first protuberance 6 could be formed for any type of escapement.

La deuxième protubérance 7 s'étend vers l'élément de butée 5 adjacent, dans le présent cas en direction amont, et forme une protubérance de butée, limitant le degré de flexion de l'élément élastique 3 lorsque ce dernier est soumis à un couple suffisant par le moyeu, comme cela apparaîtra plus clairement dans la suite.The second protrusion 7 extends towards the adjacent stop element 5, in this case in the upstream direction, and forms a stop protrusion, limiting the degree of flexion of the elastic element 3 when the latter is subjected to a torque enough by the hub, as will become clearer in the following.

Dans le mode de réalisation montré sur la figure 1, chaque partie extrémale 4 comprend une troisième protubérance 8, qui n'a dans ce cas aucun fonctionnement technique et pourrait être supprimé, comme c'est le cas dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 6 (voir ci-dessous).In the embodiment shown on the figure 1 each end portion 4 comprises a third protuberance 8, which in this case has no technical operation and could be omitted, as is the case in the embodiment of the figure 6 (see below).

Les figures 2 et 3 montrent un mode de réalisation alternatif d'une roue d'échappement selon l'invention. La figure 2 montre une vue partielle au niveau d'une partie extrémale 4 et les extrémités libres d'un premier élément de butée 5a adjacent à la partie extrémale 4 en direction amont et d'un second élément de butée 5b adjacent à la partie extrémale 4 en direction avale. Les éléments de butée 5a, 5b comme illustrés ici sont pleins, mais alternativement peuvent être ajourés. Comme dans le mode de réalisation illustré dans la figure 1, la première protubérance 6 est destinée à former une dent de la roue d'échappement 1.The figures 2 and 3 show an alternative embodiment of an escape wheel according to the invention. The figure 2 shows a partial view at an extremal portion 4 and the free ends of a first abutment member 5a adjacent to the end portion 4 in the upstream direction and a second abutment member 5b adjacent to the end portion 4 in the direction of swallows. The abutment members 5a, 5b as illustrated herein are solid, but alternatively may be perforated. As in the embodiment illustrated in the figure 1 , the first protrusion 6 is intended to form a tooth of the escape wheel 1.

La roue d'échappement selon le mode de réalisation des figures 2 et 3 diffère de celle de la figure 1 en ce que la troisième protubérance 8 est formée pour interagir avec le second élément de butée 5b, en direction avale de la partie extrémale 4. La deuxième protubérance 7 présente une forme de bec triangulaire, formant une première protubérance de butée, afin d'entrer en contact avec l'élément de butée amont 5a en un seul point de contact 5a2, prenant la forme d'une entaille de côté angulaire. La troisième protubérance 8 présente également une forme de bec, formant ainsi également une seconde protubérance de butée, et est destinée à entrer en contact avec la partie 5b1 de l'élément de butée aval 5b surplombant la troisième protubérance 8. Lorsque l'élément élastique 3 est soumis à un couple suffisant par le moyeu 2, la deuxième protubérance 7 entre en contact avec le premier élément de butée 5a au niveau du point de contact 5a2, et la troisième protubérance 8 entre en contact avec le second élément de butée 5b, qui possède une partie 5b1 surplombant la troisième protubérance 8. Grâce à ce double contact entre les protubérances 7, 8 de la partie extrémale 4 et les deux éléments de butée 5a, 5b situés de part et d'autre de la partie extrémale 4, une rotation non désirée de la partie extrémale 4 autour du point de contact entre la deuxième protubérance 7 et le premier élément de butée 5a est substantiellement évitée, de telle sorte que la position en butée ne diffère pas significativement en fonction du couple appliqué à la roue. Le fonctionnement de la roue d'échappement 1 est ainsi assuré même pour des valeurs de couple relativement importantes appliquées au moyeu 2.The escape wheel according to the embodiment of the figures 2 and 3 differs from that of figure 1 in that the third protuberance 8 is formed to interact with the second abutment element 5b, in the downstream direction of the end portion 4. The second protuberance 7 has a triangular beak shape, forming a first abutment protrusion, to enter in contact with the upstream stop element 5a at a single point of contact 5a 2 , taking the form of an angular side cut. The third protrusion 8 presents also a beak shape, thus also forming a second abutment protrusion, and is intended to come into contact with the part 5b 1 of the downstream abutment element 5b overhanging the third protuberance 8. When the elastic element 3 is subjected to a sufficient torque from the hub 2, the second protrusion 7 comes into contact with the first stop element 5a at the point of contact 5a 2 , and the third protrusion 8 comes into contact with the second stop element 5b, which has a part 5b 1 overhanging the third protuberance 8. Thanks to this double contact between the protuberances 7, 8 of the end portion 4 and the two abutment members 5a, 5b located on either side of the end portion 4, a non-rotation desired extremity 4 around the point of contact between the second protrusion 7 and the first stop member 5a is substantially avoided, so that the abutment position does not dif does not significantly depend on the torque applied to the wheel. The operation of the escape wheel 1 is thus ensured even for relatively large torque values applied to the hub 2.

La figure 3 montre la même roue d'échappement 1 qu'à la figure 2, associée avec son ancre 9. L'ancre 9 est de forme standard, possédant une palette d'entrée 10 et une palette de sortie 13. Elle est pivotée de manière habituelle autour de son axe 11, et par conséquent ne doit pas être décrite plus en détail. Bien que l'ancre 9 soit illustrée comme étant une ancre monobloc, cette caractéristique n'est pas essentielle au fonctionnement de l'échappement : il fonctionne aussi bien avec des ancres classiques ayant des palettes en rubis.The figure 3 shows the same escape wheel 1 as at the figure 2 associated with its anchor 9. The anchor 9 is of standard form, having an entry pallet 10 and an exit pallet 13. It is pivoted in the usual way about its axis 11, and therefore should not be described in more detail. Although the anchor 9 is illustrated as a monoblock anchor, this characteristic is not essential to the operation of the escapement: it works equally well with conventional anchors having ruby vanes.

Dans la vue de la figure 3, la première protubérance 6 de la partie extrémale 4 de l'élément élastique 3 est illustrée en contact avec le plan de repos de la palette d'entrée 10 de l'ancre 9.In the view of the figure 3 the first protuberance 6 of the end portion 4 of the elastic element 3 is illustrated in contact with the rest plane of the entry pallet 10 of the anchor 9.

Dans cette illustration, la roue d'échappement 1 n'est pas soumise à un couple, ce qui est le cas lorsque le ressort moteur du mouvement d'horlogerie dans lequel la roue d'échappement 1 est intégrée n'est pas remonté ou lorsque le train d'engrenages est bloqué. Par conséquent, l'élément élastique 3 n'est pas fléchi et se trouve dans sa position de repos. En outre, la partie e3xtrémale 4 ne se trouve ni en contact avec l'élément de butée amont 5a, ni avec l'élément de butée aval 5b.In this illustration, the escape wheel 1 is not subjected to a torque, which is the case when the motor spring of the clockwork movement in which the escape wheel 1 is integrated is not reassembled or when the gear train is blocked. Consequently, the elastic element 3 is not flexed and is in its rest position. In addition, the e3xtrémale part 4 is neither in contact with the upstream stop element 5a, nor with the downstream stop element 5b.

La figure 4 montre encore une variante alternative d'un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, selon une vue similaire à celle de la figure 3.The figure 4 still shows an alternative variant of an embodiment of the present invention, in a view similar to that of the figure 3 .

Dans cette variante, l'élément élastique 3 se compose de 2 lames 3a, 3b, liées par une seule partie extrémale 4. Cette partie extrémale comprend une première protubérance 6, une deuxième protubérance 7, et une troisième protubérance non fonctionnelle 8 (qui peut donc être supprimée), formées et fonctionnant de manière analogue à celles du mode de réalisation illustré par la figure 1. La partie extrémale 4 comprend en outre une quatrième protubérance 12, formée de manière analogue à la première protubérance 6, et servant également comme dent de la roue d'échappement 1. Ces deux dents de la roue d'échappement, c'est-à-dire la première protubérance 6 et la quatrième protubérance 12, sont liées entre elles par une barre 14, qui est substantiellement plus rigide que les lames 3a, 3b de l'élément élastique 3. Cette barre 14 est illustrée dans la figure 4 comme courbée et pleine, mais peut également être droite et/ou ajourée.In this variant, the elastic element 3 is composed of 2 blades 3a, 3b, linked by a single end portion 4. This end portion comprises a first protuberance 6, a second protuberance 7, and a third non-functional protuberance 8 (which can therefore be suppressed), formed and operating in a manner similar to that of the embodiment illustrated by the figure 1 . The extremal portion 4 further comprises a fourth protuberance 12, formed similarly to the first protrusion 6, and also serving as the tooth of the escape wheel 1. These two teeth of the escape wheel, that is to say say the first protrusion 6 and the fourth protrusion 12, are interconnected by a bar 14, which is substantially more rigid than the blades 3a, 3b of the elastic element 3. This bar 14 is illustrated in FIG. figure 4 as curved and full, but can also be straight and / or openworked.

La barre 14 et les deux lames 3a, 3b de l'élément élastique 3 ont essentiellement le même but que le double contact entre la partie extrémale 4 et les éléments de butée amont 5a et avale 5b des modes de réalisation des figures 2 et 3, c'est-à-dire d'éviter une rotation non souhaitée de la partie extrémale 4 lorsque l'élément élastique 3 est soumis à un couple. Dans le cas de la figure 4, la barre 14 et les deux lames 3a, 3b peuvent résister à un couple appliqué autour du point de contact entre la deuxième protubérance 7 et l'élément de butée amont 5a, de telle sorte que la position en butée ne diffère pas significativement en fonction du couple appliqué à la roue.The bar 14 and the two blades 3a, 3b of the elastic element 3 have essentially the same purpose as the double contact between the end portion 4 and the upstream stop elements 5a and 5b downstream embodiments of the figures 2 and 3 , that is to say to avoid unwanted rotation of the end portion 4 when the elastic member 3 is subjected to a torque. In the case of figure 4 , the bar 14 and the two blades 3a, 3b can withstand a torque applied around the point of contact between the second protrusion 7 and the upstream stop element 5a, so that the abutment position does not differ significantly as a function of the torque applied to the wheel.

La figure 5 montre encore une alternative de l'invention, selon une vue similaire à celle de la figure 3.The figure 5 still shows an alternative of the invention, according to a view similar to that of the figure 3 .

Cette variante diffère de celle de la figure 3 en ce que la première protubérance 6 présente une forme pointue afin de former une roue d'échappement 1 pour un échappement de type anglais, c'est-à-dire avec une impulsion non partagée, soit sur la palette uniquement.This variant differs from that of the figure 3 in that the first protrusion 6 has a sharp shape to form an escape wheel 1 for an English-type exhaust, that is to say with an unshared pulse, either on the pallet only.

La figure 6 montre encore une variante supplémentaire, selon une vue similaire à celle de la figure 1.The figure 6 still shows an additional variant, according to a view similar to that of the figure 1 .

Cette variante diffère de celle de la figure 1 en ce que la partie terminale 4 est relativement plus petite, et en ce que la troisième protubérance est absente. La deuxième protubérance 7 est réduite à un coin courbé en saillie du point de jonction entre l'élément élastique et la partie extrémale 4, s'étendant vers une surface de contact 5a2 de l'élément de butée amont 5a, avec laquelle la deuxième protubérance est destinée à entrer en contact lorsque l'élément élastique 3 se trouve en position fléchie. En d'autres termes, la deuxième protubérance peut être considérée comme étant en saillie d'un axe formé par la projection de l'élément élastique vers l'extérieur de la roue d'échappement.This variant differs from that of the figure 1 in that the end portion 4 is relatively smaller, and in that the third protuberance is absent. The second protuberance 7 is reduced to a curved corner protruding from the junction point between the elastic element and the end portion 4, extending towards a contact surface 5a 2 of the upstream stop element 5a, with which the second protrusion is intended to come into contact when the elastic element 3 is in the bent position. In other words, the second protuberance can be considered as projecting from an axis formed by the projection of the elastic member outwardly of the escape wheel.

La séquence de fonctionnement de la roue d'échappement 1 selon l'invention pendant la phase de repos, le dégagement de la palette d'entrée 10 de l'ancre 9, et la phase d'impulsion sera décrite par la suite, en référence au mode de réalisation illustré dans la figure 3. Il va de soi que les autres modes de réalisation fonctionnent essentiellement de la même manière, mutatis mutandis, et ce fonctionnement ne sera pas décrit spécifiquement. Il est aussi noté que, dans la description du fonctionnement de la roue d'échappement 1, les signes de référence 3-8 réfèrent à l'élément élastique 3 et à sa partie extrémal 4 qui interagit avec l'ancre 9 à un moment donné.The sequence of operation of the escape wheel 1 according to the invention during the rest phase, the release of the entry pallet 10 of the anchor 9, and the pulse phase will be described later, with reference in the embodiment illustrated in the figure 3 . It goes without saying that the other embodiments function essentially in the same way, mutatis mutandis, and this operation will not be specifically described. It is also noted that, in the description of the operation of the escape wheel 1, the reference signs 3-8 refer to the elastic element 3 and its extremal part 4 which interacts with the anchor 9 at a given moment. .

La figure 7 illustre une roue d'échappement 1 identique à celle du mode de réalisation de la figure 3, également avec la première protubérance 6 de la partie extrémale 4 de l'élément élastique 3 en position de repos contre le plan de repos de la palette 10 de l'ancre 9. Dans l'illustration de la figure 5, un couple a été appliqué au moyeu 2 au moyen de son axe (non illustré), ce couple étant d'une valeur suffisante pour fléchir l'élément élastique 3 jusqu'à ce que la deuxième protubérance 7 entre en contact avec le point de contact 5a2 de l'élément de butée amont 5a, et la troisième protubérance 8 entre en contact avec la partie surplombante 5b1 de l'élément de butée avale 5b. Il est à noter que ce dernier point ne se produit pas pour les modes de réalisation des roues d'échappement 1 illustrées par les figures 1, 4 et 6. Typiquement, le couple minimum pour obtenir ce contact serait d'environ 0,5 µNm pour un échappement qui fonctionne avec entre environ 0,2 et 2 µNm de couple, mais est susceptible d'être choisi arbitrairement par l'horloger selon ses besoins et selon la construction du mouvement. Les autres éléments élastiques qui ne sont pas soumis au couple restent naturellement dans leurs positions de repos.The figure 7 illustrates an escape wheel 1 identical to that of the embodiment of the figure 3 , also with the first protrusion 6 of the extremal portion 4 of the elastic element 3 in the rest position against the rest plane of the pallet 10 of the anchor 9. In the illustration of the figure 5 , a torque has been applied to the hub 2 by means of its axis (not shown), this torque being of sufficient value to bend the elastic element 3 until the second protrusion 7 comes into contact with the contact 5a 2 of the upstream stop element 5a, and the third protuberance 8 comes into contact with the overhanging part 5b 1 of the downstream abutment element 5b. It should be noted that this last point does not occur for the embodiments of the escape wheels 1 illustrated by the figures 1 , 4 and 6 . Typically, the minimum torque to obtain this contact would be about 0.5 μNm for an escapement that operates with between about 0.2 and 2 μNm of torque, but is likely to be chosen arbitrarily by the watchmaker according to his needs and according to the construction of the movement. The other elastic elements that are not subject to the torque naturally remain in their rest positions.

La figure 8 illustre la position de la roue d'échappement 1 et l'ancre 9 pendant une première partie de sa phase d'impulsion, juste après le dégagement de la première protubérance 6 du plan de repos de la palette d'entrée 10 de l'ancre 9. Comme c'est généralement le cas, le dégagement entraîne la rotation de l'ancre 9 autour de son axe 11 dans le sens horaire (pour la palette d'entrée) sous l'action du balancier (non illustré), puis démarre la phase d'impulsion.The figure 8 illustrates the position of the escape wheel 1 and the anchor 9 during a first part of its impulse phase, just after the release of the first protrusion 6 of the rest plane of the entry pallet 10 of the anchor 9. As is generally the case, the clearance causes rotation of the anchor 9 about its axis 11 in the clockwise direction (for the entry pallet) under the action of the pendulum (not shown), then starts the impulse phase.

La roue d'échappement 1, considérée dans son intégralité, possède un certain moment d'inertie. Dans le cas d'une roue d'échappement traditionnelle, c'est-à-dire rigide, au moment du dégagement, l'ancre est déjà en mouvement, tandis que la roue d'échappement est à l'arrêt. Du fait de son inertie et éventuellement aussi au moins une partie de l'inertie du rouage de finissage en amont, elle ne rattrape la palette d'entrée qu'après environ le premier tiers du plan d'impulsion. La dent donne une impulsion à l'ancre pendant son trajet le long des deux autres tiers du plan d'impulsion.The escape wheel 1, considered in its entirety, has a certain moment of inertia. In the case of a traditional escape wheel, that is to say rigid, at the time of release, the anchor is already moving, while the escape wheel is stopped. Due to its inertia and possibly also at least one part of the inertia of the finishing work train upstream, it only catches the entry pallet after about the first third of the impulse plane. The tooth gives an impulse to the anchor as it travels along the other two-thirds of the impulse plane.

Les roues d'échappement possédant des dents flexibles fonctionnent en général d'une manière légèrement différente, le moment d'inertie des dents individuelles, y compris leurs éléments élastiques, étant substantiellement moins important que le moment d'inertie de la roue d'échappement prise dans son entier. Par conséquent, immédiatement après le dégagement, l'élément élastique, qui était fléchi dans la position de repos par le couple appliqué par le moyeu, peut accélérer relativement rapidement en comparaison avec le reste de la roue d'échappement, et peut par conséquent suivre le plan d'impulsion de la palette de l'ancre dans une plus grande mesure que dans le cas d'une roue d'échappement rigide. En conséquence, la dent de la roue d'échappement flexible entre en contact avec le plan d'impulsion en un point plus proche du plan de repos que c'est le cas pour une roue d'échappement rigide comme mentionné ci-dessus.The exhaust wheels having flexible teeth generally operate in a slightly different manner, the moment of inertia of the individual teeth, including their elastic elements, being substantially less important than the moment of inertia of the escape wheel taken in its entirety. Therefore, immediately after disengagement, the elastic member, which was bent in the rest position by the torque applied by the hub, can accelerate relatively quickly compared to the rest of the escape wheel, and can therefore follow the impulse plane of the pallet of the anchor to a greater extent than in the case of a rigid escape wheel. As a result, the tooth of the flexible escape wheel comes into contact with the pulse plane at a point closer to the rest plane than is the case for a rigid exhaust wheel as mentioned above.

Cette situation est montrée dans la figure 8, dans laquelle l'élément élastique 3 est partiellement déchargé, ayant appliqué une portion de l'énergie qu'il stocke au plan d'impulsion de la palette d'entrée 10 de l'ancre 9. Grâce à la flexion de l'élément élastique 3 limitée par le contact entre la deuxième protubérance 7 et l'élément de butée amont 5a, l'impulsion fournie au balancier (par l'intermédiaire de l'ancre) due à l'énergie stockée dans l'élément élastique 3 est substantiellement constante pour les valeurs de couple supérieures à celle nécessaire pour amener la deuxième protubérance 7 et l'élément de butée amont 5a en contact, dans la phase de repos de l'échappement (comme illustrée dans la figure 7), par exemple au-dessus de 0,5 µNm.This situation is shown in the figure 8 , in which the elastic element 3 is partially discharged, having applied a portion of the energy it stores to the pulse plane of the input pallet 10 of the anchor 9. Thanks to the flexion of the element elastic 3 limited by the contact between the second protrusion 7 and the upstream stop element 5a, the pulse supplied to the balance (via the anchor) due to the energy stored in the elastic element 3 is substantially constant for the values of greater than that required to bring the second protrusion 7 and the upstream stop element 5a into contact, in the rest phase of the exhaust (as illustrated in FIG. figure 7 ), for example above 0.5 μNm.

La figure 9 illustre la situation quelques moments après celle illustrée à la figure 6. La roue d'échappement 1 accélère, et tourne selon la direction de rotation R, et rattrape la partie extrémale 4 de l'élément élastique 3. La première protubérance 6 demeurant en contact avec le plan d'impulsion de la palette d'entrée 10 de l'ancre 9, l'élément élastique 3 est ainsi fléchi de nouveau, jusqu'à ce que la deuxième protubérance 7 rentre en contact avec l'élément de butée amont 5a et la troisième protubérance 8 entre en contact avec la partie surplombant 5b1 de l'élément de butée avale 5b.The figure 9 illustrates the situation a few moments after the one illustrated in figure 6 . The escape wheel 1 accelerates, and rotates in the direction of rotation R, and catches the end portion 4 of the elastic member 3. The first protrusion 6 remaining in contact with the pulse plane of the input pallet 10 of the anchor 9, the elastic element 3 is thus bent again, until the second protrusion 7 comes into contact with the upstream stop element 5a and the third protrusion 8 comes into contact with the overhanging part 5b 1 of the abutment member swallows 5b.

A partir du moment où l'élément élastique est à nouveau appuyé sur l'élément de butée amont 5a, l'impulsion fournie à l'ancre 9 est donnée sensiblement exclusivement par transmission rigide entre le moyeu 2 et la première protubérance 6, via l'élément de butée amont 5a, la deuxième protubérance 7 demeurant en contact avec l'élément de butée amont 5a et la troisième protubérance 8 demeurant en contact avec l'élément de butée avale 5b jusqu'à la fin de la phase d'impulsion.From the moment when the elastic element is again pressed on the upstream stop element 5a, the pulse supplied to the anchor 9 is given substantially exclusively by rigid transmission between the hub 2 and the first protrusion 6, via the upstream stop element 5a, the second protuberance 7 remaining in contact with the upstream stop element 5a and the third protuberance 8 remaining in position. contact with the abutment member swallows 5b until the end of the pulse phase.

La figure 10 illustre la situation juste avant la fin de la phase d'impulsion sur la dent. La première protubérance 6 est sur le point de quitter le plan d'impulsion de la palette d'entrée 10 de l'ancre 9, et il est à noter que la deuxième protubérance 7 reste toujours en contact avec l'élément de butée amont 5a et la troisième protubérance 8 reste en contact avec l'élément de butée avale 5b.The figure 10 illustrates the situation just before the end of the impulse phase on the tooth. The first protrusion 6 is about to leave the pulse plane of the entry pallet 10 of the anchor 9, and it should be noted that the second protrusion 7 always remains in contact with the upstream stop element 5a and the third protuberance 8 remains in contact with the downstream abutment member 5b.

Une fois que la première protubérance 6 est libérée par l'ancre 9, l'élément élastique 3 retrouve sa forme de repos, et la première protubérance d'une autre dent entre en contact avec le plan de repos de la palette de sortie 13 de l'ancre 9. Subséquemment, la séquence de fonctionnement comme décrite ci-dessus pour la palette d'entrée 10 se répète pour la palette de sortie 13.Once the first protrusion 6 is released by the anchor 9, the elastic element 3 returns to its rest form, and the first protuberance of another tooth comes into contact with the rest plane of the output pallet 13 of the anchor 9. Subsequently, the operating sequence as described above for the input pallet 10 is repeated for the output pallet 13.

En ce qui concerne le mode de réalisation de la roue d'échappement 1 illustré dans la figure 4, la séquence de fonctionnement est identique, non seulement pour la première protubérance 6 de la partie extrémale 4, mais aussi pour la quatrième protubérance 12, qui forme également une dent de la roue d'échappement 1 fonctionnellement identique à la première protubérance 6. Il est à noter en outre que, pour les modes de réalisation de la roue d'échappement 1 illustrés dans les figures 1 et 4, les commentaires ci-dessus concernant la troisième protubérance 8 ne s'appliquent pas, car la troisième protubérance 3 n'est pas fonctionnelle, et n'interagit pas avec l'élément de butée avale 5b.With regard to the embodiment of the escape wheel 1 illustrated in FIG. figure 4 , the sequence of operation is identical, not only for the first protrusion 6 of the end portion 4, but also for the fourth protrusion 12, which also forms a tooth of the escape wheel 1 functionally identical to the first protrusion 6. It It should also be noted that for the embodiments of the escape wheel 1 illustrated in FIGS. figures 1 and 4 , the comments above concerning the third protuberance 8 do not apply because the third protrusion 3 is not functional, and does not interact with the downstream abutment element 5b.

Il est aussi à noter qu'une portion de l'élément élastique 3 peut s'appuyer contre l'élément de butée amont 5a, comme alternative à, ou en supplément de, la deuxième protubérance 7 dans tous les modes de réalisation. En outre, comme alternative à, ou en supplément des éléments de butée 5 intercalés entre les éléments élastiques 3 du mode de réalisation de la figure 4, des éléments de butée peuvent se trouver entre les lames 3a, 3b de l'élément élastique 3.It should also be noted that a portion of the elastic element 3 can bear against the upstream stop element 5a, as an alternative to, or in addition to, the second protuberance 7 in all the embodiments. In addition, as an alternative to or in addition to the abutment elements 5 interposed between the elastic elements 3 of the embodiment of the figure 4 , abutment elements can be located between the blades 3a, 3b of the elastic element 3.

La figure 11 illustre qualitativement sous forme de graphique l'énergie transmise au balancier lors de l'utilisation d'une ancre d'échappement et une roue d'échappement traditionnelles, c'est-à-dire rigide, lors des phases de dégagement et d'impulsion. Les valeurs de E se situant au-dessus de l'axe horizontal représentent l'énergie fournie au balancier par la roue d'échappement via l'intermédiaire de l'ancre 9, et celles se situant au-dessous de l'axe horizontal représentent l'énergie consommée par le balancier lors du dégagement pour surmonter les frottements et la force de tirage. Les barres en gris foncé représentent les valeurs d'énergie pour le cas où l'organe moteur est fortement armé (couple relativement haut appliqué au moyeu), et les barres en gris clair représentent les valeurs d'énergie pour le cas où l'organe moteur est faiblement armé (couple relativement faible appliqué au moyeu). Sur cette figure, on peut voir que l'énergie consommée lors du dégagement et l'énergie fournie lors de l'impulsion sont plus importants si l'organe moteur est fortement armé que si l'organe moteur est faiblement armé. Le total de l'énergie transférée est plus important si l'organe moteur est fortement armé que s'il est faiblement armé.The figure 11 illustrates qualitatively in graph form the energy transmitted to the balance wheel when using a traditional and rigid exhaust anchor and escape wheel, during the phases of release and momentum . The values of E lying above the horizontal axis represent the energy supplied to the balance wheel by the escape wheel via the anchor 9, and those lying below the horizontal axis represent the energy consumed by the balance during the release to overcome the friction and pulling force. The bars in dark gray represent the energy values for the case where the driving member is strongly armored (relatively high torque applied to the hub), and bars in light gray represent the energy values for the case where the drive member is weakly armed (relatively low torque applied to the hub). In this figure, it can be seen that the energy consumed during the release and the energy supplied during the pulse are greater if the drive member is heavily armed than if the drive member is weakly armed. The total energy transferred is greater if the motor unit is heavily armed than if it is weakly armed.

La figure 12 illustre, d'une manière similaire à la figure 11, l'énergie E transmise au balancier avec l'utilisation d'une ancre d'échappement et d'une roue d'échappement selon l'invention. L'énergie consommée lors du dégagement reste sensiblement similaire à celle du cas de la figure 11. L'énergie fournie lors de l'impulsion peut être divisée entre l'énergie fournie par l'élément élastique 3, et l'énergie fournie par le moyeu 2. Grace à la limitation de la flexion de l'élément élastique 3 due au contact entre la ou les protubérance(s) 7, 8 de la partie extrémale 4 et les éléments de butée 5, l'énergie stockée dans l'élément élastique 3 est régulée. Par conséquent, l'énergie fournie à l'ancre 9 par l'élément élastique reste substantiellement constante. L'énergie fournie à l'ancre due au moyeu varie toujours en fonction de l'armage du ressort moteur, mais le total de l'énergie transférée par rapport à l'armage du ressort moteur est substantiellement plus constant que pour le cas traditionnel illustré dans la figure 11.The figure 12 illustrates, in a similar way to the figure 11 energy E transmitted to the balance with the use of an escape anchor and an escape wheel according to the invention. The energy consumed during the release remains substantially similar to that of the case of the figure 11 . The energy supplied during the pulse can be divided between the energy supplied by the elastic element 3, and the energy supplied by the hub 2. By limiting the bending of the elastic element 3 due to the contact between the protrusion (s) 7, 8 of the end portion 4 and the stop elements 5, the energy stored in the elastic member 3 is regulated. Therefore, the energy supplied to the anchor 9 by the elastic member remains substantially constant. The energy supplied to the anchor due to the hub always varies according to the winding of the mainspring, but the total of the energy transferred by compared to the spring motor armature is substantially more constant than for the traditional case illustrated in the figure 11 .

Bien que l'invention ait été expliquée en référence à un nombre limité de formes d'exécution de la roue d'échappement 1, elle n'est pas limitée à ces exemples. Il existe en effet un nombre illimité de formes de la roue d'échappement 1 reprenant les caractéristiques requises, qui sont définies par les revendications annexées.Although the invention has been explained with reference to a limited number of embodiments of the escape wheel 1, it is not limited to these examples. There are indeed an unlimited number of forms of the escape wheel 1 incorporating the required characteristics, which are defined by the appended claims.

Claims (9)

  1. Escape-wheel (1) for a timepiece movement, comprising:
    - a hub (2) intended to be mounted rotationally-integrated with a staff, the staff being intended to be subject to a mechanical torque;
    - a plurality of elastic elements (3) extending from the hub (2);
    - a plurality of banking elements (5), substantially more rigid than said elastic elements (3), extending from the hub (2) and each situated between two adjacent elastic elements (3);
    wherein
    - each elastic element (3) is provided with an end part (4);
    - said end part (4) comprises at least a first (6) and a second (7) protuberance;
    - the first protuberance (6) forms a tooth of the escape-wheel (1) intended to interact with an anchor (9); and
    - the second protuberance (7) forms a first banking protuberance, extending toward, and able to cooperate with, an adjacent first banking element (5).
  2. Escape-wheel (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the end part (4) comprises a third protuberance (8) forming a second banking protuberance extending toward an adjacent second banking element (5).
  3. Escape-wheel (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the third protuberance (8) and the adjacent second banking element (5) are arranged to limit the rotation of the end part (4) relative to the point of contact between the second protuberance (7) and the adjacent first banking element (5) when the second protuberance (7) and the adjacent first banking element (5) are in contact.
  4. Escape-wheel (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the elastic element (3) is arranged such that the second protuberance (7) and the adjacent banking element (5) are able to come into contact with one another when the elastic element (3) is subject to a mechanical torque greater than or equal to a predetermined torque.
  5. Escape-wheel (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the elastic element (3) comprises at least two blades, and wherein the end part further comprises a fourth protuberance (12) forming another tooth of the escape-wheel (1) intended to interact with the anchor (9).
  6. Escape-wheel (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein said predetermined torque is substantially 0.5 µNm.
  7. Escape-wheel (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the escape-wheel (1) is formed in a single piece.
  8. Escape-wheel (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the escape-wheel (1) is made from a non-metallic material, preferably silicon-based, silicon dioxide-based, diamond-based, sapphire-based, ruby-based, or corundum-based.
  9. Method for transmitting energy between an escape-wheel (1) according to one of the preceding claims and an escapement anchor (9), the method comprising the following steps:
    - applying a mechanical torque to the hub of the escape-wheel (1);
    - via said torque, causing a tooth of the escape-wheel (1) to bear against a locking face of the escapement anchor (9), thus flexing the elastic element (3) with which the tooth is associated until at least one portion of the elastic element (3) and/or of the end part (4) comes into contact with an adjacent banking element (5), this flexing permitting the storage of energy in the elastic element;
    - releasing the tooth from the locking face of the anchor (9), pressing against an impulse face of the escapement anchor (9) and transmitting at least part of the energy stored in the elastic element (3) to said impulse face of the anchor (9).
EP14156753.7A 2013-05-08 2014-02-26 Escapement wheel Active EP2801868B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH00933/13A CH708043B1 (en) 2013-05-08 2013-05-08 Exhaust wheel.

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EP2801868A3 EP2801868A3 (en) 2015-11-25
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EP3910426A1 (en) * 2020-05-13 2021-11-17 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Timepiece movement comprising an escapement provided with a toothed wheel and a retainer

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JP6891622B2 (en) 2017-04-28 2021-06-18 セイコーエプソン株式会社 Machine parts and watches
EP3492779B1 (en) * 2017-11-29 2020-09-23 Patek Philippe SA Genève Clutch wheel with clearance adjustment
DE102018212113A1 (en) * 2018-07-20 2020-01-23 Creaditive Ag Inhibitor system and the inhibitor system comprehensive measuring device

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US2717488A (en) * 1952-01-07 1955-09-13 Gen Horlogere Noiseless anchor-escapement, particularly for clock-works
TWI461865B (en) 2006-06-23 2014-11-21 Omega Sa "sprung balance regulating system for a mechanical timepiece movement and timepiece having such a system
JP4849998B2 (en) 2006-08-29 2012-01-11 セイコーインスツル株式会社 Mechanical watch escapement
CH705300B1 (en) 2011-07-21 2014-03-14 Manuf Et Fabrique De Montres Et Chronometres Ulysse Nardin Le Locle S A Wheel exhaust.

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EP3910426A1 (en) * 2020-05-13 2021-11-17 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Timepiece movement comprising an escapement provided with a toothed wheel and a retainer

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CH708043A2 (en) 2014-11-14
EP2801868A3 (en) 2015-11-25
CH708043B1 (en) 2018-02-15

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