EP2711440B1 - Thermal coating of a component stack and a spray device with a component stack - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for thermal coating of a component stack according to the preamble of independent claim 1 and to a device with a component stack according to the preamble of independent claim 12.

From the EP 2 029 317 B1 is a method for thermal coating of a component stack, comprising a component, known, wherein the component has a continuous component opening and a bearing component, in particular a connecting rod can be made of a molded part. The continuous component opening is formed in a bearing component of a bearing base and a bearing cap, wherein an inner boundary surface of the component opening comprises a split component seat, in particular a bearing seat. In addition, a component coating made of a layer material is formed on the inner boundary surface, for example a component seat for supporting a shaft. In this method, the component is aligned with respect to a stack axis such that the component stack has a continuous stack opening, wherein the stack opening comprises a first stack opening area and a second stack opening area and the first stack opening area and the second stack opening area are arranged along the stack axis. During the coating process, an inner boundary surface of the component opening is thermally internally coated with a coating jet by means of a thermal spray device. The aim of this known method is the coating of the inner boundary surface of the components, which are arranged as a component stack. The desired component coating should have a smooth and coherent layer course and be formed with regular or same layer thicknesses. However, the formation of such a component coating with this method known from the prior art is only possible if the angle between the coating jet and the inner boundary surface is not too shallow and most preferably approximately perpendicular to the inner boundary surface. However, since the angle of the coating jet is fixed, this method works only for components whose inner boundary surface has, for example, a rectangular inner cross section. This is different for components whose inner boundary surfaces have an internal cross-section which has a non-uniform or a convex geometry. In these, the angle of the coating jet in partial areas is too shallow, so that no smooth and coherent layer course and no component coating with regular or same layer thicknesses are formed.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved method for the thermal coating of a component stack and an improved device with a component stack available.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method having the features of independent claim 1 and a device having the features of independent claim 12.

The invention thus relates to a method for thermally coating a component stack, wherein according to the invention the component stack is coated such that a first angle is formed in a first coating passage between the first stack opening surface and the coating jet and in a second coating passage between the first stack opening surface and the coating jet second angle is trained. The first angle and the second angle are formed relative to the first stack opening surface in opposite directions.

The advantage of the method is that the solution according to the invention makes it possible to coat components whose inner boundary surfaces along the stack axis have a non-uniform inner cross section with a substantially smooth component coating having a uniform layer course and identical and regular layer thicknesses. Under components with inner boundary surfaces whose inner cross-section has a non-uniform course are to understand geometries that have, for example, in the direction of the stack axis convex or spherical geometries.

In this method, the first and second angles are formed between the first stack opening surface and the coating jet. For example, since the coating jet is formed into a cone or ellipsoid, the center line of the cone or ellipsoid is preferably used as the reference line of the coating jet, so that the first and second angles are formed between the center axis of the coating jet and the first stack opening area. Depending on the application, the first and the second angle can be different or equal in magnitude.

For coating the components, a thermal spraying device, in particular a rotating plasma burner, is guided along the stacking axis through a stack opening surface such that the inner boundary surfaces of all components are successively coated with a component coating. The coating of the component stack is preferably applied by a thermal spraying method, in particular by means of flame spraying, high-speed flame spraying, plasma spraying, or another thermal spraying method well known in the art.

Under a coating pass is the one-time complete passage through the thermal spray device through the component stack and back, so from the first to the second stack opening and back to understand. Advantageously, the first and second coating passages only correspond to a single complete run through, wherein, depending on the application, the first and second coating passages may also comprise the repeated passage of the thermal spraying device through the component stack and back.

According to the invention, the substantially smooth component coating having a uniform layer course and the same layer thickness is formed by impinging the coating jet, which forms the first angle relative to the first stack opening surface, approximately perpendicular to a part of the non-uniform inner boundary surface in the first coating pass, and thus after the first coating pass only the part of the inner boundary surface is coated with a proper layer thickness whose surface elements are aligned approximately perpendicular to the coating jet. In the second coating pass, the coating jet forms the second angle relative to the stack opening area in opposite directions with respect to the first angle relative to the first stack opening area, and now the surface elements of the non-uniform inner periphery are coated, which are now aligned approximately perpendicular to the coating beam are. The advantage of the method according to the invention is therefore that, in the case of components whose inner boundary surfaces have an internal cross-section which, for example, has a non-uniform or convex geometry, the angle at which the coating beam impinges is not too shallow, due to the two coating passages with the two angles. that is, approximately perpendicular to all surface elements.

The change of the first or second angle is realized in this method, for example by means of the change of the angle of a burner, a gun or a nozzle on the burner or the gun relative to the thermal spray device.

In an embodiment of the invention, the second angle is formed by rotating the component stack about a first pivot point on the stack axis after the first coating pass such that the first stack opening surface and the second stack opening surface after rotation pass along an opposite arrangement with respect to rotation have the stacking axis.

The advantage of this embodiment is that the first angle corresponds to the second angle, that is, the first angle is fixed during the entire coating process, and the second angle is formed solely by rotating the component stack between the first and second coating pass, so that no further Changes to the settings of the angles are needed. An opposite arrangement of the first stack opening surface and the second stack opening surface along the stack axis means that the component stack is rotated such that the thermal spraying device is moved only along the stack axis and, for example, in the first coating passage through the first stack opening area and in the second coating passage through the second stack opening area , The first pivot point can be at any point on the stack axis.

In a further embodiment, the second angle is formed by rotating the thermal spray device after the first coating pass around a second pivot point on the stack axis. In contrast to the previous embodiment, in this embodiment, instead of the component stack advantageous rotated thermal spray device. The second pivot may be at any point on the stack axis.

In a third preferred embodiment, the thermal spray device in the first coating passage and the second coating passage is passed through the first stack opening surface. In this case, the first angle and second angle between the first and second coating passages are advantageously formed, for example, by changing the angle, so that neither the component stack nor the thermal spraying device are rotated. The change of the first or second angle is realized in this embodiment, for example by means of the change of the angle of a burner, a gun or a nozzle on the burner or the gun relative to the thermal spray device.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a first thermal spraying device with a first coating jet and a second thermal spraying device with a second coating jet are provided and the first coating passage and the second coating passage take place simultaneously. In this embodiment, therefore, two thermal spraying devices are provided, wherein the formation of the first angle by means of the first thermal spraying device and the second angle by means of the second thermal spraying device takes place simultaneously, so that the first and second coating pass take place simultaneously. Advantage of this embodiment is that the coating of the inner boundary surface can be done in a coating pass. For example, the first and second thermal spray devices may be simultaneously guided along the stack axis from the first stack opening surface to the second stack opening surface and the first thermal spray device coated at the first angle and moving along the stack axis from the second stack opening surface to the first stack opening surface at the second angle with the second coated thermal spray device. As a variant, the simultaneous coating with the first and second thermal spraying device is possible.

Preferably, the first angle and the second angle are between 0 and 30 degrees, between 5 and 15 degrees, and most preferably 10 degrees. Advantages of the alignment of the coating jet in these angular ranges are that, on the one hand, the coating jet is prevented from being too flat against the inner boundary surfaces, and, on the other hand, by coating the inner boundary surfaces along the stack axis from two different angles at all points of the inner boundary surface uniform layer course and same layer thickness is generated thereby. This measure is particularly advantageous if an inner cross-section of the inner boundary surface of the component opening along the stack axis is non-uniform, in particular convexly curved, formed. Particularly advantageously, in the case of components having an inner boundary surface whose inner cross-section is convexly curved, the coating jet optimally strikes the inner boundary surface in approximately all points, due to the symmetry of the components.

In an embodiment of the invention, the component stack is advantageously rotated during coating around the stack axis and / or the thermal spraying device, in particular a plasma torch. Thus, depending on the design, either the thermal spraying device or the component stack in one direction or else the component stack and the thermal spraying device, preferably in the opposite direction, are rotated. In particular, the component stack is placed on a holder. Should it not be possible to rotate the thermal spraying device about the stacking axis while the stack of components is stationary at the same time, it is advantageous for the device comprising the component stack or the component stack and the holder to be rotatable about the thermal spraying device. In another embodiment, another advantageous Measure a simultaneous rotation of the thermal spray device and the device comprising the component stack or the component stack and the holder, which, for example, components which have a complex geometry, be coated faster and more efficient and / or forms a better component coating.

Advantageously, a spacer is provided between the components of the component stack such that the components are arranged at a distance. This can advantageously after the completion of the coating passage, the components are cleanly separated again without damage. The spacer is formed for example in the form of a disc, in particular in the form of a disc with a round or an oval spacer opening, wherein an inner cross-section and / or an outer cross section of the spacer along the stacking axis polygonal, or concave, or convex may be formed , In particular, the spacer may additionally or alternatively be formed in the form of a disc with a round or an oval outer contour. Depending on the embodiment, the spacer opening and the inner cross section of the spacer in the direction of the stack axis may have a different shape, so that they are advantageously adapted to the particular application. In particular, the spacers can be formed as part of the component, which is particularly efficient for industrial manufacturing processes, as can be dispensed with an additional and separate from the component spacers.

In one embodiment, the component is a bearing component and / or the inner boundary surface is designed as a component seat surface, in particular for supporting a shaft. Such bearing components are known, for example, as connecting rods with a small connecting rod eye, a shaft and a large connecting rod eye, wherein the large connecting rod eye usually comprises a split component seat for the bearing of the connecting rod on a crankshaft. Bearing components and connecting rods are available in large quantities eg in Reciprocating internal combustion engines for passenger cars and trucks, but also installed in engines for ships or in other machines in which a linear movement in a rotary motion, or vice versa, must be implemented.

The invention further relates to a component stack which, as already described in detail in the discussion of the method according to the invention, can be coated in such a way that a first angle can be formed between the first stack opening surface and the coating jet in a first coating passage and in a second coating passage between the first first stack opening surface and the coating jet, a second angle can be formed. The first angle and the second angle can be formed in opposite directions relative to the first stack opening area.

The inventive device also comprises a holder for the component stack, wherein on the holder at least two, preferably ten or more bearing components are arranged in the form of a stack. The holder makes it possible, especially in industrial production, where high volumes of components must be produced as efficiently and inexpensively, to arrange component mounting directly several bearing components in the form of a stack on the holder and to coat the components in this way in one operation. In addition, the components can be removed after coating in a simple manner from the holder.

As an advantageous measure, the component stack is rotatable with respect to the thermal spraying device is arranged and / or the thermal spraying device is rotatable about the stacking axis.

Fig. 1

eine Vorrichtung mit einem Bauteilstapel aus dem Stand der Technik;

Fig. 2

eine Vorrichtung mit einem Bauteilstapel mit erfindungsgemässer Anordnung der Bauteile;

Fig. 3 a-c

beschichtete Bauteile nach unterschiedlichen Beschichtungsdurchgängen nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren;

Fig. 4

eine Vorrichtungsvariante mit einem Bauteilstapel mit erfindungsgemässer Anordnung der Bauteile;

Fig. 5 a-b

einen Bauteilstapel mit erfindungsgemässer Anordnung der Bauteile und Darstellung des ersten und zweiten Winkels.

In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. In a schematic representation:

Fig. 1

a device with a stack of components from the prior art;

Fig. 2

a device with a component stack with inventive arrangement of the components;

Fig. 3 ac

coated components after different coating passes according to the inventive method;

Fig. 4

a device variant with a component stack with inventive arrangement of the components;

Fig. 5 from

a component stack with inventive arrangement of the components and representation of the first and second angle.

For the following description of the figures applies that all reference numerals, which refer in the examples to features of the prior art are provided with apostrophes and all reference numerals that relate to features of embodiments according to the invention are marked with apostrophes.

Fig. 1 shows a device with a stack of components from the prior art. Shown is a component stack 1 'of arranged components 2' with component openings 21 ', for example a bearing component, in particular a connecting rod, between the components 2' spacers 5 'are provided, which are for example formed as discs, so that the components 2' after completion of the coating passage can be separated. The components 2 'and the spacers 5' are on a holder 4 'in such a way stacked on top of each other that all inner boundary surfaces 22 'of the component openings 21', for example, large connecting rods, can be coated in a coating passage by means of a known rotary thermal spraying device 3 ', for example a plasma torch. The thermal spraying device 3 'rotates during the coating pass around the stack axis A' and is shown in the vertical direction along the stack axis A 'guided such that successively the inner boundary surfaces of all components 2' with a component coating 6 'can be coated.

Due to the way in which the components 2 'are stacked with the respective component openings 21' and the spacers 4 ', a homogeneous component coating 6' is formed along the stack axis A 'in the stack opening 11' of the component stack 1 '. A homogeneous component coating 6 'is to be understood as meaning a component coating 6' with a component coating that is essentially smooth in the direction of the stacking axis A 'over the entire component stack 1', with a uniform layer course and identical layer thicknesses, which forms on the components 2 '.

The angle between the coating jet 31 'and a stack opening surface 111' during the coating passage is approximately 0 degrees, so that, starting from a rectangular inner cross section of the inner boundary surfaces 22 'of the components 2', the coating jet 31 'approximately perpendicular to the to be coated inner boundary surface 22nd ' meets.

Based on Fig. 2 In the following, an apparatus of a component stack 1 with an arrangement according to the invention of the components 2 is presented.

In the Fig. 2 schematically shows a device with a stack of components 1 shows a total of three components 2 with a continuous component opening 21, for example, three bearing components or three connecting rods, which are stacked on a holder 4 one above the other in the form of a component stack 1 that an inner Boundary surface 22 of the components 2 can be successively coated by means of the thermal spray device 3.

The three components 2 are aligned with respect to a stacking axis A such that the component stack 1 has a continuous stack opening 11. The stack opening 11 in this case comprises a first stack opening area 111 and a second stack opening area 112, the first stack opening area 111 and the second stack opening area 112 being arranged along the stack axis A.

The thermal spraying device 3, shown here as a plasma torch, with a coating jet 31 comprising a central axis M is guided in the operating state through the first stack opening surface 111 and / or second stack opening surface 112 to the inner boundary surfaces 22 of the component opening 21 and the inner boundary surfaces 22 thermally coated inside. The plasma torch 3 can rotate about the stacking axis A during the coating process and is guided in the vertical direction along the stacking axis A, so that successively all internal boundary surfaces 22 in all components, for example in large connecting rods, can be coated with a component coating 6. In a variant, the in Fig. 2 shown component stack 1 rotatable with respect to the plasma torch 3 may be arranged.

The in Fig. 2 illustrated inner cross section of the inner boundary surface 22 of the three components, which are arranged along the stack axis A as a component stack, has a non-uniform course, namely convex, on. The inner boundary surfaces are coatable in this arrangement such that in a first coating passage between the first stack opening surface 111 and the coating jet 31, a first angle (not shown) can be formed and in a second coating passage between the first stack opening surface 111 and the coating jet 31, a second angle (not shown) can be formed.

In Fig. 2 In addition, a first pivot point D1 and a second pivot point D2 are shown, about which in a particularly advantageous embodiment of the component stack 1 after the first coating pass on the stack axis A is rotated. The component stack is rotated during this rotation such that the first stack opening surface 111 and the second stack opening surface 112 after rotation have an opposed arrangement with respect to the stack axis A with respect to rotation. If not the component stack 1 but the thermal spray device 3 is rotated, then the rotation takes place about the second pivot point D2. In this case, the device comprises a holder 4 for the component stack 1, so that the components 2 are fixed during the rotation and the coating. Spacers 5 are provided between the components 2 of the component stack 1, so that the components 2 are arranged at a distance in the component stack 1.

In the Fig. 3a-3c Coated components are to be seen after different coating passes according to the inventive method. All three figures show a component stack 1 with two components 2, which are aligned with respect to the stacking axis A and spaced by means of spacers 5. On the stacking axis A, the pivot point D1 can be seen, around which the component stack is rotated.

The components 2 are, as in Fig. 2 illustrated aligned with respect to a stacking axis A such that the component stack 1 has a continuous stack opening 11, wherein the stack opening 11 comprises a first stack opening area 111 and a second stack opening area 112, and the first stack opening area 111 and the second stack opening area 112 along the stack axis A. are arranged. The course of the inner cross section of the inner boundary surface 22 along the stack axis A is non-uniform or the inner boundary surface 22 is formed convexly curved in the present embodiment.

In detail, the shows Fig. 3a a component stack 1 before the first coating pass. Fig. 3b shows a component stack 1 with two components 2 after a first coating pass. Clearly visible is the inner boundary surface 22, which is only partially coated. The component coating 6 formed after this first coating pass is irregular and has uneven layer thicknesses, since the coating jet impinges only on a part of the inner boundary surface of the continuous component opening and thus only this part of the inner boundary surface is coated after the first coating pass. In this first coating pass, only the surfaces which have an orientation approximately perpendicular in the direction of the coating beam at the first angle and onto which the coating jet does not impinge too flat are coated.

Fig. 3c shows the component stack 1 after a second coating pass according to the inventive method.

In this second coating passage, when the second angle formed in opposite directions with respect to the first angle relative to the first stack opening area, the portions of the non-uniform inner boundary surface are coated which were not oriented approximately perpendicularly in the direction of the coating jet in the previous coating pass. The component coating 6 is in Fig. 3c is shown as a substantially smooth component coating 6 with a uniform layer course and the same layer thicknesses.

Fig. 4 essentially corresponds Fig. 2 , however, an embodiment of the invention is shown. The difference to Fig. 2 consists in that a first thermal spraying device 7 with a first coating jet 71 and a second thermal spraying device 8 with a second coating jet 81 are provided. In this embodiment, the formation of the first angle (not shown) by means of the first thermal spray device 7 and the second angle (not shown) by means of the second thermal spray device 8 takes place simultaneously and the first and second coating passes take place simultaneously.

The Fig. 5 from essentially match Fig. 2 and show component stack with inventive arrangement of the components and representation of the first and second angle.

In Fig. 5a It is shown how between the first stack opening surface 111 and the coating jet 31, a first angle α is formed and in Fig. 5b in that a second angle β is formed in a second coating passage between the first stack opening surface 111 and the coating jet 31. The first angle α and the second angle β are formed relative to the first stack opening area in opposite directions.

It is understood that the embodiments of the invention described above, depending on the application, in any suitable manner can be combined and the embodiments described in the context of this application are merely exemplary understood.

Claims (14)

1. A method for the thermal coating of a component stack including a component (2), wherein the component (2) has a continuous component opening (21) and the component (2) is aligned with respect to a stack axis (A) such that the component stack (1) has a continuous stack opening (11), wherein the stack opening (11) includes a first stack opening surface (111) and a second stack opening surface (112), and the first stack opening surface (111) and the second stack opening surface (112) are arranged along the stack axis (A) and, an inner bounding surface (22) of the component opening (21) is thermally coated from the inside by a coating beam (31, 71, 81) by means of a thermal spray apparatus (3, 7, 8),
   characterized in that
   the component stack (1) is coated such that, during a first coating pass, a first angle (α) is formed between the first stack opening surface (111) and the coating beam (31, 71, 81) and, during a second coating pass, a second angle (β) is formed between the first stack opening surface (111) and the coating beam (31, 71, 81), wherein the first angle (α) and the second angle (β) are formed in opposite directions relative to the first stack opening surface (111).
2. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the second angle (β) is formed in such a manner that the component stack (1) is rotated about a first pivot (D1) at the stack axis (A) after the first coating pass such that the first stack opening surface (111) and the second stack opening surface (112) have an arrangement along the stack axis (A) after the rotation opposite with respect to the arrangement before the rotation.
3. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the second angle (β) is formed in such a manner that the thermal spray apparatus (3) is rotated about a second pivot (D2) at the stack axis (A) after the first coating pass.
4. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the thermal spray apparatus (3) is guided through the first stack opening surface (111) during the first coating pass and during the second coating pass.
5. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein a first thermal spray apparatus (7) having a first coating beam (31, 71) and a second thermal spray apparatus (3, 8) having a second coating beam (81) are provided, and the first coating pass and the second coating pass take place simultaneously.
6. A method in accordance with any one of the preceding claims,
   wherein the angle (α) and the angle (β) amount to between 0 and 30 degrees, preferably to between 5 and 15 degrees and particularly preferred to 10 degrees.
7. A method in accordance with any one of the preceding claims,
   wherein an inner cross-section of the inner bounding surface (22) of the component opening (21) is non-uniform, in particular convexly curved, along a stack axis (A).
8. A method in accordance with any one of the preceding claims,
   wherein the component stack (1) is rotated about the stack axis (A) on coating and/or the thermal spray apparatus (3, 7, 8), in particular a plasma torch, is rotated.
9. A method in accordance with any one of the preceding claims,
   wherein the component (2) is a bearing component and/or the inner bounding surface (22) is configured as a component seat surface, in particular for the storage of a shaft.
10. A method in accordance with any one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the component stack (1) is arranged on a holder (4).
11. A method in accordance with any one of the preceding claims,
    wherein a spacer (5) is provided between the components (2) of the component stack (1) such that the components (2) are arranged spaced apart.
12. An apparatus having a component stack, and including a thermal spray apparatus (3, 7, 8) having a coating beam (31, 71, 81) and a component (2), wherein the component (2) includes a continuous component opening (21) and the component (2) is aligned with respect to a stack axis (A), such that the component stack (1) includes a continuous stack opening (11), wherein the stack opening (11) includes a first stack opening surface (111) and a second stack opening surface (112) and the first stack opening surface (111) and the second stack opening surface (112) are arranged along the stack axis (A), and an inner bounding surface (22) of the component opening (21) can be thermally coated from the inside,
    characterized in that
    the component stack (1) can be coated such that, during a first coating pass, a first angle (α) is formed between the first stack opening surface (111) and the coating beam (31, 71, 81) and, during a second coating pass, a second angle (β) is formed between the first stack opening surface (111) and the coating beam (31), wherein the first angle (α) and the second angle (β) are configured in opposite directions relative to the first stack opening surface (111).
13. An apparatus in accordance with claim 12, wherein the apparatus includes a holder (4) for the component stack (1).
14. An apparatus in accordance with one of the claims 12 or 13, wherein a component stack (1) is arranged such that it can be rotated with respect to a thermal spray apparatus (3, 7, 8) and/or the thermal spray apparatus (3, 7, 8) can be rotated about the stack axis (A).

Images