EP2784874B1 - Broadband monopole antenna for vehicles for two frequency bands separated by a frequency gap in the decimeter wavelength - Google Patents
Broadband monopole antenna for vehicles for two frequency bands separated by a frequency gap in the decimeter wavelength Download PDFInfo
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- EP2784874B1 EP2784874B1 EP14159092.7A EP14159092A EP2784874B1 EP 2784874 B1 EP2784874 B1 EP 2784874B1 EP 14159092 A EP14159092 A EP 14159092A EP 2784874 B1 EP2784874 B1 EP 2784874B1
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- antenna
- monopole antenna
- broadband monopole
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- broadband
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
- H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
- H01Q5/321—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors within a radiating element or between connected radiating elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
- H01Q9/32—Vertical arrangement of element
- H01Q9/36—Vertical arrangement of element with top loading
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
- H01Q9/40—Element having extended radiating surface
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/44—Resonant antennas with a plurality of divergent straight elements, e.g. V-dipole, X-antenna; with a plurality of elements having mutually inclined substantially straight portions
- H01Q9/46—Resonant antennas with a plurality of divergent straight elements, e.g. V-dipole, X-antenna; with a plurality of elements having mutually inclined substantially straight portions with rigid elements diverging from single point
Definitions
- the invention relates to a vertical broadband monopole antenna according to the preamble of claim 1 (see. WO 03/034538 A1 ).
- a frequency range between 698 and 960 MHz is provided for the LTE mobile radio standard - hereinafter referred to as subband U - and above a frequency gap, the frequency range between 1460 MHz and 2700 MHz, denoted here by upper band O, is provided, as in FIG Fig. 1 shown.
- a middle band M is provided in the frequency range between 1460 MHz and 1700 MHz, which is to be assigned to the upper band.
- the frequency gap between lower band U and upper band O is desired for protection against the radio services located there.
- antennas are needed, which are suitable in addition to the electrical function for vehicles, with the economy of production is of particular importance.
- a multiband receiving antenna for the combined reception of satellite signals and terrestrial broadcasting radio signals is known in which over an electrically conductive base area a rod-shaped monopoly with roof capacity is provided. Furthermore, at least one annular satellite receiving antenna arranged concentrically with an antenna connection point is provided above the conductive base. From the WO 96/24963 A1 Disc antennas are known which have a flat or a fan-like triangular structure.
- the US 2002/0109643 A1 discloses an L-band antenna comprising conically arranged antenna rods which are interconnected at a lower foot point.
- the object of the invention is to develop an antenna according to the preamble of claim 1 such that a satellite reception is possible, wherein the deformation of the directional diagram of the satellite antenna is minimized.
- the antenna is a vertical broadband monopole antenna for two frequency bands separated by a frequency gap - the lower band for the lower frequencies and the upper band for the higher frequencies - both located in the Dezimeterwellen Scheme, for vehicles and for transmission and / or reception with terrestrial emitted vertically polarized radio signals above a substantially horizontal conductive base surface 6 as a vehicle mass with an antenna connection point 3 located in the monopole base, comprising an antenna connection point 5.
- the broadband monopole antenna 0 can be formed from a top band monopole 1 and a subband monopole combined and is for example made of a mechanically stiff electrically conductive film 33 as a continuous, electrically conductive and, for example, planar structure over a conductive base 6 substantially in a vertical Designed to run to this oriented level.
- an example flat triangular structure 4 is present as a top band monopole 1 with a substantially horizontally oriented baseline in a top band monopole 8 above the conductive base 6 whose tip is connected to the antenna connection point 5 ,
- a roof capacitance 10 designed substantially as a rectangular planar structure 16, in particular, is designed underneath.
- the triangular structure 4 and the rectangular structure 16 as a roofing capacity 10 are inductively connected by high impedance at least one conductor strip 15 with particular narrow stripline width 14 of, for example, less than or equal to 7 mm for the separation of radio signals in the upper band, whereby the sub-band monopole 2 is formed.
- a vertical broadband monopole antenna for vehicles for two frequency bands separated frequency bands, namely a lower band U for lower frequencies and an upper band O for higher frequencies, both located in the Dezimeterwellen Scheme, for transmission and / or reception with terrestrially emitted vertically polarized radio signals a substantially horizontal conductive base 6 as a vehicle ground with an antenna connection point 3 located in the monopole base comprising the following features:
- the broadband monopole antenna is formed of a self-supporting electrically conductive structure which is oriented over the base 6 substantially perpendicular to this.
- the electrically conductive structure comprises at the lower end of the broadband monopole antenna a truncated triangular structure 4 with a substantially horizontally oriented baseline, the tip of which forms an antenna connection point 5 of the antenna connection point 3.
- the electrically conductive structure comprises, adjacent to the upper end of the broadband monopole antenna 0 underneath, a roof capacitance 10 substantially configured as a rectangular structure 16.
- the triangular structure 4 and the rectangular structure 16 are inductive by at least one conductor strip 15, 15a, 15b for separating radio signals in the upper band connected with high resistance.
- the electrically conductive structure may have at least two spaced conductor strips 15, whereby a frame structure 11, consisting of the triangular structure 4, the rectangular structure 16 and the conductor strip 15 is formed.
- the conductor strip or strips 15, 15a, 15b may contain meander-shaped forms 24 for the frequency-selective separation.
- the inner angle 12 at the top of the triangular structure 4 may be approximately between 30 and 90 degrees.
- the triangular structure 4 is designed by strip-like lamellae 20 arranged fan-like in the triangular plane and converging in the tip.
- At least one annular satellite receiving antenna 25, 25a, 25b arranged concentrically with the antenna connection point 3 is present above the conductive base 6.
- the rectangular structure 16 may be formed substantially by vertical strip conductors 19, 19a, 19b which are separated from each other vertically but electrically, but which are connected at their upper end by a remaining strip 31.
- the strip-like lamellae 30, 30a, 30b converging in the tip can be bent out of the plane of the triangular structure (4) in such a way that they essentially run on the lateral surface of a tip-shaped cone with a circular or elliptical cross section.
- the roof slats 19, 19a, 19b may be successively in the opposite direction in the way that they are arranged in the projection on a transverse to the strip 31 plane V-shaped.
- the converging lamellae 20a, 20b in the tip can be successively contrasted in the manner out of the plane of the triangular structure 4 in such a way that they are arranged in the projection on a plane transverse to the triangular structure 4 in a V-shaped manner.
- the broadband monopole antenna 0 can be arranged under a covering hood 32 and the at least one conductor strip 15, 15a, 15b can be guided at least partially and in particular as far as possible along the inner wall of the covering hood.
- the electrically conductive structure may be made of electrically conductive sheet and only one, i. a single self-supporting conductor strip 15 may be present.
- the electrically conductive structure may be provided by metallic coating 33 on a printed circuit board whose contour substantially follows the contours of the electrically conductive structure of the broadband monopole antenna 0.
- the mirror image of the broadband monopole antenna 0 at the conductive base 6 can be replaced by their omission by a same to this other broadband monopole antenna in such a way that is given to the plane of the conductive base 6 symmetrical dipole and a symmetrical antenna junction of this dipole between the antenna connection point 5 of the broadband monopole antenna 0 and the - this accordingly - mirrored at the conductive base 6 antenna connection point 5 of the further broadband monopole antenna is formed.
- the broadband monopole antenna in its flat designed basic version in Fig. 2 is essentially formed of a subband monopole 2 for covering the sub-band with a required antenna height 9 in combination with a top band monopole 1 with the top band monopole 8 with a common antenna connection point 3.
- a subband monopole 2 for covering the sub-band with a required antenna height 9 in combination with a top band monopole 1 with the top band monopole 8 with a common antenna connection point 3.
- To avoid an excessive effective antenna height 9 in the frequency range of the upper band of the lower band monopole 2 is designed in the frequency range of the upper band inductively high impedance conductor strips 15 with narrow stripline width 14 in conjunction with a roofing capacity 10.
- the latter is essentially embodied as a flat rectangular structure 16 and designed with a large horizontal extension 23 compared to the vertical extension 22.
- the monopole antenna according to the invention is made, for example, from an electrically conductive foil 33 (FIG. Fig. 16 ) designed as a contiguous, electrically conductive structure extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the conductive base 6 level extending.
- an electrically conductive foil 33 (FIG. Fig. 16 ) designed as a contiguous, electrically conductive structure extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the conductive base 6 level extending.
- the self-supporting, electrically conductive structure which is in particular integrally formed to use electrically conductive sheet or a self-supporting electrically conductive film, resulting in the entire broadband monopole antenna 0 can produce a mechanically self-supporting structure.
- This structure can be produced, for example, by a punching process or by a controlled cutting operation, for example by controlled laser cutting.
- the production of a punching tool will prove to be economically advantageous in particularly large numbers, because the monopole antenna can be multiplied by automated punching operations extremely cost.
- the computer-controlled laser cutting can be more economical.
- Fabrication of the broadband monopole antenna 0 of sheet metal offers the particular advantage of metallic rigidity, which is of particular importance for use as a vehicle antenna.
- a particular advantage of this flat design structure is their negligible wind resistance to call, if it is designed to extend in an advantageous manner in a plane whose normal is oriented perpendicular to the direction of travel of the vehicle.
- the electrically conductive structure can be selected by the metallic coating of a dielectric plate, that is to say a printed circuit board.
- a dielectric plate that is to say a printed circuit board.
- This value can in principle be achieved in an antenna according to the invention in its complete embodiment at the antenna connection point 3 with an antenna height 9 of 6 cm.
- the properties of the sub-band monopole 2 are essentially determined by its antenna height 9 and the size of the flat roof capacity 10, the horizontal extent 23 with about 6cm much larger, that is designed at least three times larger than the vertical extent 22. A much larger Although the vertical extent 22 increases the capacitance value of the roof capacitance 10, it reduces the effective height of the subband monopole 2, which, in contrast to the capacitance value, squares into the formation of the frequency bandwidth of the subband monopole 2.
- the formation of the upper band monopole 1 is essentially given by the flat triangular structure 4, provided that the inductive effect of the conductor strips 15 with narrow stripline width 14 for the separation of radio signals in the upper band of the roof capacity 10 is sufficiently large. This is usually given with a stripline width of less than or equal to 7 mm. To increase this separating effect can be inventively provided to provide the conductor strips 15 with meandering shapes 24.
- the functional division of the wideband monopole antenna 0 into the subband monopole 2 and the top band monopole 1 is not strictly seen. Rather, the transition between the effects is fluent and the subdivision is to be understood as a description of the main effects in the two frequency ranges.
- the mode of action of the upper band monopole located above the conductive base 6 1 is essentially given by the design of the flat triangular structure 4.
- an apex triangular structure 4 with a triangular opening angle 12 is provided in this embodiment, the tip of which is connected to the antenna connection point 5.
- the antenna connection point 3 for the broadband monopole antenna 0 is formed.
- the height of the baseline of the flat triangular structure 4 above the conductive base 6 essentially forms the effective upper band monopole height 8, by which the frequency response of the upper band monopole 1 is substantially determined.
- the upper band monopole height 8 at the upper frequency limit of the upper band should not be greater than about 1/3 of the free space wavelength at this frequency.
- values between 30 and 90 degrees have proved favorable.
- the resulting wideband triangular structure allows it to meet the often-demanded impedance matching requirement at the VSWR ⁇ 2.5 in the upper band frequency range.
- a frame structure 11 is designed to achieve a particular rigidity.
- the electrically conductive structure consists of a material of particular rigidity, for example, thin sheet metal.
- the broadband monopole antenna 0 can be used with only one conductor strip 15, as in FIG Fig. 8 represented, designed. In the interest of mechanical stability but then a larger stripline width 14 is provided for this.
- a plurality of meander-shaped expression 24 is generally necessary.
- a switching element with the operation of a parallel resonant circuit 28 in the conductor strips 15.
- This parallel resonant circuit is used to support the frequency-selective separation of the sub-band monopole 2 of signals in the upper band.
- the parallel resonant circuit 28 may, as in Fig. 4 in each case comprise a parallel capacitor 27 designed as an interdigital structure 26 and a parallel inductance 28 designed as a strip conductor.
- this switching element can be punched or cut by way of example from sheet metal via the conductor strips 15 in the design of the mechanically self-supporting broadband monopole antenna 0 are included.
- a three-dimensional structure may be provided for it in a (not claimed) embodiment which is formed from the two-dimensional structure in such a way that an approximately conical structure is sought instead of the flat triangular structure 4.
- the form of such a monopoly is in Fig. 9 indicated by the conical monopole 18 with electrically conductive lateral surfaces.
- the economically advantageous manufacturability of punched or cut sheet should be maintained.
- the flat triangular structure 4 by a fan-like in the lower triangle tip co-existing strip-shaped fins 20, as in Fig. 5 shown to execute.
- Fig. 10 By diffusing the slats 20 so that they lie on the lateral surface of a cone standing on the top, these become conical slats 30 and the conical monopole 18 in Fig. 9 is modeled in terms of its effect as a high band monopoly 1.
- Fig. 10 shown in detail and also according to the section AA 'in Fig. 11 seen as a plan view.
- Fig. 11 is the in Fig. 10 indicated cone cross section elliptical and thus the cone opening angle 17a ( Figure 10 ) in the x direction due to the requirements with respect to the aerodynamic properties of the antenna chosen smaller than the cone opening angle 17 in the direction of travel of the vehicle (y-direction).
- a ring-shaped satellite receiving antenna 25 is disposed concentrically with the antenna junction 3 of a broadband monopole antenna 0.
- the result in Fig. 6a illustrated azimuthal variations in the antenna gain of the satellite receiving antenna 25 at about 2.3 GHz.
- the gain variation of 0.6 dBi is already above the tolerance value and can not be tolerated at 60 degrees with 1.2 dBi.
- the inventive design of the triangular structure 4 from at the top of a fan-like running together slats 20, as in Fig. 5 more favorable than a closed flat triangular structure 4 according to Fig. 3 ,
- This advantage of little influence on the radiation characteristics of the satellite receiving antenna 25 is particularly pronounced in the design of the upper band monopole 1 of cone blades 30. This is an example of the in Fig.
- the strip width 21 should not be greater than 1/8 of the free space wavelength of the highest frequency in the upper band.
- FIG. Fig. 13 with view across the direction of travel (x-direction) and in Fig. 14 with view in direction of travel (y-direction) is shown.
- FIG. 14 visible extension of the cover 32 transversely to the direction of travel the possibility of further spatial design of the originally areal manufactured broadband monopole antenna 0 with the advantages of increasing the bandwidths of both monopolies 1 and 2.
- This is expressed by a better configurability of the antenna impedance with respect to the VSWR Value at the antenna connection point 3 off. This gives the possibility to be able to largely do without a matching network.
- the strip-shaped roof louvers 19 of the roofing capacity 10 which are contiguous at their upper end over a remaining strip, can be selected in such a way that they are arranged in a V-shape in the projection on a plane lying transversely to the direction of travel.
- These are alternately the in Fig. 13 black filled marked roof slats 19a in the x direction and the white filled filled roof slats 19b deflected in the opposite direction in the negative x direction, so that in the projection in Fig. 13 visible V-shaped structure is given.
- the capacity value of the roofing capacity 10 is greater. This leads to an increase in the bandwidth of the subband monopole 2 and facilitates compliance with the impedance matching condition at the VSWR value to be maintained.
- the lamellae 20, 20a, 20b about the inner boundary of the cover 32 following be understoodknelt following. That is, the converging in the lower triangular tip strip-shaped fins 20, 20a, 20b of the upper band monopoly 1 are bent out of the plane of the flat triangular structure 4 successively in such a way that in the projection on a plane transverse to the direction of travel about V- are arranged shaped.
- the slats 20 are in such a way dignified that the in Fig. 13 fills 20 a marked in black in the x direction and the lamellae 20 b marked filled in white are deflected in opposite directions in the negative x direction, so that the fins projected in the projection in FIG Fig. 14 visible V-shaped structure is given.
- this measure serves to increase the frequency bandwidth of the upper band monopole 1 with the associated advantage in the realization of the impedance matching in the antenna base.
- antennas as in the Fig. 13 .
- the conductor strips can thus be shaped so that they extend as far as possible along the inner wall of the cover 32.
- the spatial design according to the invention is additionally advantageous with respect to the problem of impedance matching over large frequency ranges.
- the special advantage associated with the present invention is that this spatially designed antenna is punched out of a sheet-like electrically conductive structure (sheet or foil) or cut and shaped by simple subsequent bending as described above.
- two broadband monopole antennas O and 0a according to the invention under a cover 32 in the direction of travel behind each other, as in Fig. 15 to install. It has been shown that the annular satellite antennas 25 in the base of a broadband monopole antenna 0 by the presence of the other broadband monopole antenna 0a undergoes no disturbing influence on their radiation properties. Conversely, this also applies with regard to the effect of the broadband monopole antenna 0 on the satellite antennas 25a at the base of the broadband monopole antenna 0a.
- a broadband monopole antenna 0 in a further advantageous application of a broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention, this is supplemented by a further, same to this same broadband monopole antenna in a known per se to a dipole.
- the mirror image of the broadband monopole antenna 0 is replaced at the conductive base 6 with their omission by this further broadband monopole antenna in such a way that a symmetrical to the plane of the conductive surface 6 dipole is given.
- the symmetrical antenna connection point of this dipole is formed between the antenna connection point 5 of the broadband monopole antenna 0 and the antenna connection point 5 which is mirrored to the conductive base 6.
- a broadband monopole antenna 0 is in support of the impedance matching at the lower frequency end of the lower band connected at its upper end with the roof capacity 10 and the conductive base 6 extending towards coupling ladder 35 is present, which at its lower end with the conductive base 6 is coupled.
- This coupling conductor 35 is in Fig. 17 illustrates and complements the subband monopole 2 in such a way that it is possible to match the impedance at the antenna connection point 3, at the lower frequency end of the lower band.
- the impedance matching can be further improved in that this coupling of the coupling conductor 35 with the conductive base 6 via a two-pole coupling network 36, consisting of reactive elements occurs.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine vertikale Breitband-Monopolantenne nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 (vgl.
Andere Breitbandantennen aus dem Stand der Technik sind als mehrfach resonante Stabantennen gestaltet, wobei die Abdeckung mehrerer in der Frequenz durch Frequenzlücken voneinander getrennter Frequenzbänder anhand von mehrfachen, auf den länglichen Stab aufgebrachten Drahtwicklungen erfolgt, welche sich teilweise überdecken. Solche Antennen werden für Senden und Empfang im Dezimeterwellenbereich auf Fahrzeugen, vorzugsweise jeweils auf dem Fahrzeugdach eingesetzt. Antennen dieser Art besitzen zum einen den Nachteil, dass sie nur für relativ schmalbandige voneinander durch Frequenzlücken getrennte Frequenzbänder vorgesehen sind und für breite Frequenzbänder nur sehr bedingt infrage kommen. Insbesondere für den Einsatz auf Fahrzeugen sind die Bauhöhe, ihre aerodynamische Form und ihr Windwiderstandswert von Bedeutung. Die besondere Bedeutung kommt jedoch aufgrund der im Fahrzeugbau üblichen großen Stückzahlen der Wirtschaftlichkeit der Herstellung einer derartigen Antenne zu. Hierbei zeigt sich, dass die Aufbringung verschiedener Drahtwicklungen mechanisch sehr eng toleriert sein muss, damit die erforderliche Frequenzgenauigkeit erreicht wird. Weiterhin sind die Aufbringung der Wicklungen auf den Stab, ihre Befestigung und die Herstellung ihrer Langzeitbeständigkeit und die Reproduzierbarkeit der Leistungsfähigkeit der Antenne vergleichsweise kompliziert und wirtschaftlich aufwändig.Other prior art broadband antennas are designed as multi-resonant rod antennas, with multiple frequency bands separated by frequency gaps being covered by multiple wire windings applied to the elongate rod, which partially overlap. Such antennas are used for transmission and reception in the decimeter-wave range on vehicles, preferably in each case on the vehicle roof. Antennas of this type, on the one hand, have the disadvantage that they are only provided for relatively narrowband frequency bands separated from one another by frequency gaps, and that they are only of limited use for wide frequency bands. Especially for use on vehicles, the height, their aerodynamic shape and their wind resistance value are important. However, the special significance is due to the usual in vehicle large numbers of economic efficiency of the production of such an antenna. This shows that the application of different wire windings must be mechanically very tight tolerances, so that the required frequency accuracy is achieved. Furthermore, the application of the windings on the rod, their attachment and the production of their long-term stability and the reproducibility of the performance of the antenna are relatively complicated and economically expensive.
Die Vielzahl moderner Mobilfunknetze, wie sie zum Beispiel nach dem Mobilfunkstandard LTE (Long Term Evolution) gestaltet oder noch in Entwicklung sind, erfordert Antennen mit extremer Bandbreite. Für den LTE- Mobilfunk Standard ist zum Beispiel ein Frequenzbereich zwischen 698 und 960 MHz vorgesehen - im Folgenden mit Unterband U bezeichnet - und oberhalb einer Frequenzlücke ist der hier im Folgenden mit Oberband O bezeichnete Frequenzbereich zwischen 1460 MHz und 2700 MHz vorgesehen, wie in
Aus der
Aus der
From the
Die
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Antenne nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 derart weiterzubilden, dass ein Satellitenempfang möglich ist, wobei die Verformung des Richtdiagramms der Satellitenantenne minimiert ist.The object of the invention is to develop an antenna according to the preamble of
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1.The solution of this object is achieved by the features of
Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen und der Beschreibung beschrieben.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the subclaims and the description.
Die Antenne ist eine vertikale Breitband-Monopolantenne für zwei durch eine Frequenzlücke getrennte Frequenzbänder - das Unterband für die niedrigeren Frequenzen und das Oberband für die höheren Frequenzen - beide im Dezimeterwellenbereich gelegen, für Fahrzeuge und für Senden und/oder Empfang mit terrestrisch ausgestrahlten vertikal polarisierten Funksignalen über einer im Wesentlichen horizontalen leitenden Grundfläche 6 als Fahrzeugmasse mit einer im Monopol-Fußpunkt befindlichen Antennenanschlussstelle 3, umfassend einen Antennenanschlusspunkt 5.The antenna is a vertical broadband monopole antenna for two frequency bands separated by a frequency gap - the lower band for the lower frequencies and the upper band for the higher frequencies - both located in the Dezimeterwellenbereich, for vehicles and for transmission and / or reception with terrestrial emitted vertically polarized radio signals above a substantially horizontal
Die Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 kann aus einem Oberband-Monopol 1 und einem Unterband-Monopol kombiniert gebildet sein und ist beispielsweise aus einer mechanisch steifen elektrisch leitenden Folie 33 als zusammenhängende, elektrisch leitende und beispielsweise flächige Struktur über einer leitenden Grundfläche 6 im Wesentlichen in einer senkrecht zu dieser orientierten Ebene verlaufend gestaltet. Am unteren Ende der Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 ist eine auf der Spitze stehende beispielsweise flächige Dreieckstruktur 4 als Oberband-Monopol 1 mit im Wesentlichen horizontal orientierter Grundlinie in einer Oberband-Monopolhöhe 8 über der leitenden Grundfläche 6 vorhanden, deren Spitze mit dem Antennenanschlusspunkt 5 verbunden ist.The
Angrenzend an das in der Antennenhöhe 9 über der leitenden Grundfläche 6 befindliche obere Ende der Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 ist darunter eine im Wesentlichen als insbesondere flächige Rechteckstruktur 16 ausgeführte Dachkapazität 10 gestaltet.Adjacent to the upper end of the
Die Dreieckstruktur 4 und die Rechteckstruktur 16 als Dachkapazität 10 sind durch mindestens einen Leiterstreifen 15 mit insbesondere schmaler Streifenleiterbreite 14 von beispielsweise kleiner oder gleich 7 mm zur Abtrennung von Funksignalen im Oberband induktiv hochohmig verbunden, wodurch der Unterband-Monopol 2 gebildet ist.The
Offenbart ist eine vertikale Breitband-Monopolantenne für Fahrzeuge für zwei durch eine Frequenzlücke getrennte Frequenzbänder, nämlich ein Unterband U für niedrigere Frequenzen und ein Oberband O für höhere Frequenzen, beide im Dezimeterwellenbereich gelegen, für Senden und/oder Empfang mit terrestrisch ausgestrahlten vertikal polarisierten Funksignalen über einer im Wesentlichen horizontalen leitenden Grundfläche 6 als Fahrzeugmasse mit einer im Monopol-Fußpunkt befindlichen Antennenanschlussstelle 3, umfassend folgende Merkmale: Die Breitband-Monopolantenne ist aus einer selbsttragenden elektrisch leitenden Struktur gestaltet, die über der Grundfläche 6 im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu dieser orientiert ist. Die elektrisch leitende Struktur umfasst am unteren Ende der Breitband-Monopolantenne eine auf einer Spitze stehende Dreieckstruktur 4 mit im Wesentlichen horizontal orientierter Grundlinie, deren Spitze einen Antennenanschlusspunkt 5 der Antennenanschlussstelle 3 bildet. Die elektrisch leitende Struktur umfasst angrenzend an das obere Ende der Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 darunter eine im Wesentlichen als Rechteckstruktur 16 ausgeführte Dachkapazität 10. Die Dreieckstruktur 4 und die Rechteckstruktur 16 sind durch mindestens einen Leiterstreifen 15, 15a, 15b zur Abtrennung von Funksignalen im Oberband induktiv hochohmig verbunden.Disclosed is a vertical broadband monopole antenna for vehicles for two frequency bands separated frequency bands, namely a lower band U for lower frequencies and an upper band O for higher frequencies, both located in the Dezimeterwellenbereich, for transmission and / or reception with terrestrially emitted vertically polarized radio signals a substantially horizontal
Die elektrisch leitende Struktur kann mindestens zwei beabstandete Leiterstreifen 15 aufweisen, wodurch eine Rahmenstruktur 11, bestehend aus der Dreieckstruktur 4, der Rechteckstruktur 16 und den Leiterstreifen 15 gebildet ist.The electrically conductive structure may have at least two spaced
Der oder die Leiterstreifen 15, 15a, 15b können zur frequenzselektiven Trennung mäanderförmige Ausprägungen 24 enthalten.The conductor strip or
Der Innenwinkel 12 an der Spitze der Dreieckstruktur 4 kann etwa zwischen 30 und 90 Grad betragen.The
Die Dreieckstruktur 4 ist durch in der Dreiecksebene fächerartig angeordnete und in der Spitze zusammenlaufende streifenförmige Lamellen 20 gestaltet.The
Über der leitenden Grundfläche 6 ist mindestens eine konzentrisch zur Antennenanschlussstelle 3 angeordnete ringförmige Satellitenempfangsantenne 25, 25a, 25b vorhanden.At least one annular
Zur Verbesserung der elektromagnetischen Entkopplung kann die Rechteckstruktur 16 im Wesentlichen durch vertikal elektrisch leitend voneinander getrennt verlaufende, jedoch an ihrem oberen Ende über einen verbleibenden Streifen 31 zusammenhängende streifenförmige Dachlamellen 19, 19a, 19b gebildet sein.In order to improve the electromagnetic decoupling, the
Die in der Spitze zusammenlaufenden streifenförmigen Lamellen 30, 30a, 30b können in der Weise aus der Ebene der Dreiecksstruktur (4) ausgewinkelt sein, dass sie im Wesentlichen auf der Mantelfläche eines auf der Spitze stehenden Kegels mit kreisrundem oder elliptischem Querschnitt verlaufen.The strip-
Die Dachlamellen 19, 19a, 19b können aufeinanderfolgend in der Weise gegensinnig ausgewinkelt sein, dass sie in der Projektion auf eine zu dem Streifen 31 quer verlaufende Ebene V- förmig angeordnet sind.The roof slats 19, 19a, 19b may be successively in the opposite direction in the way that they are arranged in the projection on a transverse to the
Die in der Spitze zusammenlaufenden Lamellen 20a, 20b können in der Weise aus der Ebene der Dreiecksstruktur 4 aufeinanderfolgend gegensinnig ausgewinkelt sein, dass sie in der Projektion auf eine zu der Dreiecksstruktur 4 quer verlaufende Ebene V- förmig angeordnet sind.The converging
Die Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 kann unter einer Abdeckhaube 32 angeordnet sein und der mindestens eine Leiterstreifen 15, 15a, 15b kann zumindest teilweise und insbesondere so weit wie möglich entlang der Innenwandung der Abdeckhaube geführt sein.The
Die elektrisch leitende Struktur kann aus elektrisch leitendem Blech bestehen und es kann nur ein, d.h. ein einziger selbsttragender Leiterstreifen 15 vorhanden sein.The electrically conductive structure may be made of electrically conductive sheet and only one, i. a single self-supporting
Die elektrisch leitende Struktur kann durch metallische Beschichtung 33 auf einer Leiterplatte gegeben sein, deren Kontur im Wesentlichen den Umrissen der elektrisch leitenden Struktur der Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 folgt.The electrically conductive structure may be provided by
Das Spiegelbild der Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 an der leitenden Grundfläche 6 kann unter deren Wegfall durch eine zu dieser gleiche weitere Breitband-Monopolantenne in der Weise ersetzt sein, dass ein zur Ebene der leitenden Grundfläche 6 symmetrischer Dipol gegeben ist und eine symmetrische Antennenanschlussstelle dieses Dipols zwischen dem Antennenanschlusspunkt 5 der Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 und dem - diesem entsprechend - an der leitenden Grundfläche 6 gespiegelten Antennenanschlusspunkt 5 der weiteren Breitband-Monopolantenne gebildet ist.The mirror image of the
Es kann ein an seinem oberen Ende mit der Dachkapazität 10 verbundener Koppelleiter 35 vorhanden sein, welcher an seinem unteren Ende mit der leitenden Grundfläche 6 verkoppelt istThere may be a connected at its upper end with the
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden an Hand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Die zugehörigen Figuren zeigen im Einzelnen:
- Fig. 1:
- Frequenzbereiche nach dem LTE- Mobilfunk Standard als Beispiel für zwei durch eine Frequenzlücke getrennte Frequenzbänder im Dezimeterwellenbereich mit einem Frequenzbereich zwischen 698 und 960 MHz als Unterband U und einem Frequenzbereich zwischen 1460 MHz und 2700 MHz als Oberband O oberhalb einer Frequenzlücke
- Fig. 2:
- Zweidimensionale Breitband-
Monopolantenne 0 über der elektrischleitenden Grundfläche 6 und der im Fußpunktgebildeten Antennenanschlussstelle 3 mit auf der Spitze stehenderflächiger Dreieckstruktur 4 als OberbandMonopol 1 und derDachkapazität 10, welche über zweiLeiterstreifen 15 mitmäanderförmiger Ausprägung 24 mit derDreiecksstruktur 4 zur Bildung des Unterband-Monopols 2 verbunden sind. Die Struktur derBreitbandMonopolantenne 0 kann ganzheitlich beispielhaft aus Blech gestanzt oder geschnitten werden. - Fig. 3:
- Breitband-
Monopolantenne 0 wie inFig. 2 , kombiniert mit einer konzentrisch zur Spitze derflächigen Dreieckstruktur 4 konzentrisch gestalteten,ringförmigen Satellitenempfangsantenne 25. Zur weiteren Erhöhung der induktiven Wirkung derLeiterstreifen 15 sind beispielhaft weiteremäanderförmige Ausprägungen 24 ausgebildet. - Fig. 4:
- Beispiel einer aus leitender Folie oder Blech durch Stanzen oder Schneiden herstellbaren Struktur mit dem Frequenzverhalten eines
elektrischen Parallelschwingkreises 29 imLeiterstreifen 15 zur Gestaltung der frequenzselektiven Trennung des Unterband-Monopols 2 vom Oberband-Monopol 1. DerParallelschwingkreis 29 ist durch Interdigitalstruktur 26 als Parallelkapazität 27 und die Leiterschleife alsParallelinduktivität 28 gebildet. - Fig. 5:
- Zweidimensionale Breitband-
Monopolantenne 0 wie in denFig. 2 und3 , wobei dieflächige Dreieckstruktur 4 des Oberband-Monopols 1 durch in der Dreiecksebene fächerartig angeordnete und an der unteren Dreiecksspitze zusammen laufendestreifenförmige Lamellen 20 gestaltet ist. Die ausschließlich über die Dreiecksspitze miteinander leitendverbundenen Lamellen 20 bewirken die elektromagnetische Entkopplung des OberbandMonopols 1 von derringförmigen Satellitenempfangsantenne 25. - Fig. 6a:
- Schwankung des Antennengewinns über dem Azimutwinkel Phi der
Satellitenempfangsantenne 25 in dBi bei Vorhandensein derflächigen Dreiecksstruktur 4 als geschlossene elektrisch leitende Fläche. - Fig. 6b:
- Wie in
Fig. 6a jedoch mit durch fächerartig verlaufende, streifenförmige Lamellen 20gestaltete Dreieckstruktur 4. Die azimutalen Schwankungen sind jeweils für die Zenitwinkel Theta (Winkel gegen die vertikale, d.h. z-Achse) 20°, 40° und 60° dargestellt. - Fig. 7:
- Monopolantenne wie in
Fig. 4 mit ringförmiger Satellitenempfangsantenne 25 wobei jedoch zur Verbesserung der elektromagnetischen Entkopplung zwischen dieser und dem Unterband-Monopol 2 die die Dachkapazität 10 bildende flächige Rechteckstruktur 16 durch vertikal voneinander getrennt verlaufende, jedoch an ihrem oberen Ende über einen verbleibenden Streifen 31 zusammenhängende streifenförmige Dachlamellen 19 gebildet ist. - Fig. 8:
- Monopolantenne wie in
Fig. 7 , jedoch mit nur einem selbsttragenden Leiterstreifen 15 mit größerer Blechstärke zu Gunsten besonderer mechanischer Steifigkeit und zur Erreichung der notwendigen eigenen Induktivität des Leiterstreifens 15 mit entsprechend mehreren mäanderförmigen Ausprägungen 24. - Fig. 9:
- Monopolantenne wie in
Fig. 7 , jedoch mit einem anstelle der flächigen Dreieckstruktur kegelförmig und auf der Spitze stehend ausgebildeten Oberband-Monopol 1 zur Vergrößerung der Bandbreite im Oberband. Der elektrisch leitende Kegelmantel ist punktiert angedeutet. - Fig. 10:
- Oberband-Monopol 1wie in den
Fig. 5 ,7 und 8 , wobei jedoch die in der unteren Dreiecksspitze fächerartig zusammenlaufenden streifenförmigen Lamellen 30 des Oberband-Monopols 1 in der Weise aus der Ebene der flächigen Dreiecksstruktur 4 ausgewinkelt sind, dass sie etwa wie die Mantellinien eines gemäßFig. 8 auf der Spitze stehenden Kegels mit kreisrundem bzw. elliptischem Querschnitt verlaufen. - Fig. 11:
- Draufsicht auf eine Antenne gemäß der in
Fig. 10 angedeuteten Schnittlinie A-A' zur Klarstellung des Verlaufs der fächerartig verlaufenden streifenförmigen Lamellen 30, 30a, 30b.Die ringförmigen 25b sind durch unterbrochene Linien angedeutet.Satellitenempfangsantennen 25a und - Fig. 12:
- Maximalwert der azimutalen Schwankung des Antennengewinns in dBi bei geschlossenem elektrisch leitendem Kegelmantel und bei einem aus streifenförmigen Lamellen 20 gebildetem Kegelmantel in Abhängigkeit vom Zenitwinkel (Winkel gegen die z-Achse).
- Fig. 13:
- Einbausituation einer Breitband-Monopolantenne unter einer Abdeckhaube 32 mit Blick auf die Antenne quer zur Fahrtrichtung (y-Richtung) zusammen mit einer
ringförmigen Satellitenempfangsantenne 25. Die schwarz unterlegten und mit a) gekennzeichneten Leiterteile sind dieLeiterstreifen 15a, dieDachlamellen 19a sowie diestreifenförmigen Lamellen 20a sind aus der y-z-Ebene der flächigen Dreiecksstruktur 4 in Richtung der x-Achse ausgewinkelt und entsprechend dieLeiterstreifen 15b, dieDachlamellen 19b sowie die streifenförmigen Lamellen 20b sind in Richtung der negativen x-Achse ausgewinkelt, so dass eine räumliche Antennenstruktur gebildet ist. - Fig. 14:
- Einbausituation gemäß
Fig. 13 jedoch mit Blick auf die Anordnung in Fahrtrichtung. - Fig. 15:
- Einbausituation von zwei Breitband-
Monopolantennen 0 und 0a gemäßFig. 14 in Fahrtrichtung hintereinander unter einer gemeinsamen Abdeckhaube 32 bestehend aus Oberband-Monopol 1 bzw.1a und UnterbandMonopol 2 bzw.2a mit jeweils einer ringförmigen Satellitenempfangsantenne 25a bzw. 25b am Fußpunkt der Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 bzw.0a. - Fig. 16:
- Breitband-
Monopolantenne 0 wie inFig. 2 , wobei die elektrisch leitende Struktur 33 durch die metallische Beschichtung einer Leiterplatte gegeben ist und die Leiterplatte mit ihrer Beschichtung ungefähr gemäß den Umrissen der Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 , dargestellt durch die Schnittlinien der dielektrischenPlatte 34, gestaltet ist. - Fig. 17:
- Breitband-
Monopolantenne 0 wie inFig. 2 ,3 ,5 ,7 ,8 ,9 ,10 , jedoch mit einemmit der Dachkapazität 10 verbundenen Koppelleiter 35 als Ergänzung des Unterband-Monopols 2 zur Verbesserung der ImpedanzAnpassung ander Antennenanschlussstelle 3 am unteren Frequenzende des Unterbandes der Breitband-Monopolantenne 0. Die Verkopplung des Koppelleiters 35 am seinem unteren Ende mit der leitenden Grundfläche 6 ist wahlweise durch galvanischen Anschluss bzw. über ein zweipoliges verlustarmes Koppelnetzwerk 36 gestaltet.
- Fig. 1:
- Frequency ranges according to the LTE mobile standard as an example of two separated by a frequency gap frequency bands in the decimeter wave range with a frequency range between 698 and 960 MHz as sub-band U and a frequency range between 1460 MHz and 2700 MHz as the upper band O above a frequency gap
- Fig. 2:
- Two-dimensional
broadband monopole antenna 0 over the electricallyconductive base 6 and formed at the baseantenna connection point 3 with standing on top flattriangular structure 4 asOberbandMonopol 1 and theroof capacity 10, which two conductor strips 15 with meander-shapedexpression 24 with thetriangular structure 4 to form theSubband monopoly 2 are connected. The structure of thebroadband monopole antenna 0 can be holistically punched or cut from sheet metal, for example. - 3:
-
Broadband monopole antenna 0 as inFig. 2 , combined with a concentric with the top of the flattriangular structure 4 concentrically shaped, annularsatellite receiving antenna 25. To further increase the inductive effect of theconductor strip 15 further meanderingshapes 24 are formed by way of example. - 4:
- Example of a conductive foil or sheet produced by punching or cutting structure with the frequency response of an electrical parallel
resonant circuit 29 in theconductor strip 15 to design the frequency-selective separation of thesub-band monopole 2 from theupper band monopole 1. The parallelresonant circuit 29 is by interdigital structure 26 as a parallel capacitor 27 and the conductor loop is formed as aparallel inductance 28. - Fig. 5:
- Two-dimensional
broadband monopole antenna 0 as inFig. 2 and3 wherein the planartriangular structure 4 of theupper band monopole 1 is designed by strip-shapedlamellae 20 arranged in a fan-like manner in the triangular plane and running together at the lower triangular tip. Thelouvers 20, which are conductively connected to one another via the triangular tip, effect the electromagnetic decoupling of theupper band monopole 1 from the annularsatellite receiving antenna 25. - 6a:
- Fluctuation of the antenna gain over the azimuth angle Phi of the
satellite receiving antenna 25 in dBi in the presence of the flattriangular structure 4 as a closed electrically conductive surface. - Fig. 6b:
- As in
Fig. 6a however, withtriangular structure 4 formed by fan-shaped, strip-like lamellae 20. The azimuthal fluctuations are shown in each case for the zenith angle theta (angle with respect to the vertical, ie z-axis) 20 °, 40 ° and 60 °. - Fig. 7:
- Monopole antenna as in
Fig. 4 with annularsatellite receiving antenna 25, however, to improve the electromagnetic decoupling between this and thelower band monopole 2, theroof capacity 10 forming flatrectangular structure 16 by vertically separated from each other, but at its upper end via a remainingstrip 31 contiguous strip-shapedroof blades 19 is formed. - Fig. 8:
- Monopole antenna as in
Fig. 7 , but with only a self-supportingconductor strip 15 with greater sheet thickness in favor of special mechanical rigidity and to achieve the necessary own inductance of theconductor strip 15 with a corresponding plurality of meandering shapes 24th - Fig. 9:
- Monopole antenna as in
Fig. 7 , However, with a instead of the flat triangular structure conical and standing on the top trainedupper band monopoly 1 to increase the bandwidth in the upper band. The electrically conductive conical surface is indicated by dots. - Fig. 10:
- Upper-band monopoly 1wie in the
Fig. 5 .7 and8th However, wherein the converging fan-like in the lower triangular tip strip-like fins 30 of theupper band monopoly 1 are in the way out of the plane of the flattriangular structure 4 that they are approximately like the generatrices of a according toFig. 8 on the top of standing cone with circular or elliptical cross section. - Fig. 11:
- Top view of an antenna according to the in
Fig. 10 indicated section line AA 'to clarify the course of the fan-like strip-shapedstrips 30, 30a, 30b. The annular 25a and 25b are indicated by broken lines.satellite receiving antennas - Fig. 12:
- Maximum value of the azimuthal fluctuation of the antenna gain in dBi with closed electrically conductive cone sheath and with a cone sheath formed from strip-shaped
lamellae 20 as a function of the zenith angle (angle with respect to the z-axis). - Fig. 13:
- Installation situation of a broadband monopole antenna under a
cover 32 with a view to the antenna transverse to the direction of travel (y-direction) together with an annularsatellite receiving antenna 25. The black highlighted and marked with a) ladder parts are the conductor strips 15a, theroof lamellae 19a and the strip-shapedlamellae 20a are from the yz-plane of the flattriangular structure 4 in the direction of the x-axis and accordingly the conductor strips 15b, theroof lamellae 19b and the strip-like lamellae 20b are in the direction of the negative x-axis, so that a spatial antenna structure is formed. - Fig. 14:
- Installation situation according to
Fig. 13 but with a view to the arrangement in the direction of travel. - Fig. 15:
- Installation situation of two
broadband monopole antennas 0 and 0a according toFig. 14 in the direction of travel behind each other under acommon cover 32 consisting ofupper band monopoly 1 and 1a andsubband monopole 2 bzw.2a each having an annular 25a and 25b at the base of thesatellite receiving antenna broadband monopole antenna 0 bzw.0a. - Fig. 16:
-
Broadband monopole antenna 0 as inFig. 2 wherein the electricallyconductive structure 33 is given by the metallic coating of a printed circuit board and the printed circuit board is designed with its coating approximately according to the contours of thebroadband monopole antenna 0, represented by the cut lines of thedielectric plate 34. - Fig. 17:
-
Broadband monopole antenna 0 as inFig. 2 .3 .5 .7 .8th .9 .10 but with acoupling conductor 35 connected to theroofing capacitor 10 as a supplement to thesubband monopole 2 for improving the impedance matching at theantenna connection 3 at the lower frequency end of the subband of thebroadband monopole antenna 0. Coupling of thecoupling conductor 35 at its lower end to theconductive base 6 is optionally designed by galvanic connection or via a two-pole low-loss coupling network 36.
Ein besonderer Vorteil einer Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 nach der Erfindung ist die Eigenschaft, dass die an der Antennenanschlussstelle 3 messbare Impedanz breitbandig in die Nähe der für Antennensysteme für Fahrzeuge vorgeschriebenen genormten Impedanz von Z0= 50 Ohm weitgehend problemfrei gestaltet werden kann. Daraus ergibt sich weiterhin der wirtschaftliche Vorteil, dass ein Anpassnetzwerk zwischen der Antennenanschlussstelle 3 im Fußpunkt der Breitband-Monopolantenne und der weiterführenden Schaltung zumeist entfallen oder zumindest besonders aufwandsarm gestaltet werden kann.A particular advantage of a
Im Folgenden wird beispielhaft eine Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 nach der Erfindung für die beiden durch eine Frequenzlücke getrennten Frequenzbereiche gemäß dem in
Um die Forderung nach einer möglichst einfachen und wirtschaftlichen Herstellungsweise zu erfüllen, ist die Monopolantenne nach der Erfindung beispielsweise aus einer elektrisch leitenden Folie 33 (
Weiterhin kann die elektrisch leitende Struktur in einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung durch die metallische Beschichtung einer dielektrischen Platte, also einer Leiterplatte, gewählt werden. Hierbei ist jedoch zu beachten, dass ein aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen in Betracht kommendes Material für die Leiterplatte im Dezimeterwellenbereich verlustbehaftet ist, so dass erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen sein kann, die Struktur der Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 auf die Leiterplatte auf an sich bekannte Weise zu drucken, diese jedoch etwa gemäß den Umrissen der Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 mit geringfügigem Überstand zu beschneiden, um den Verlauf elektrischer Feldlinien in der verlustbehafteten dielektrischen Platte möglichst klein zu halten. Die Beschneidung der dielektrischen Platte längs der strich-punktierten Schnittlinien 34 ist in
Bei einer Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 dieser Art wird zum Beispiel für die Anpassung von Antennensystemen an die für Fahrzeuge vorgeschriebene genormte Impedanz von Z0= 50 Ohm im oben bezeichneten Unterband das VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio) < 3 gefordert. Dieser Wert kann bei einer Antenne nach der Erfindung in ihrer vollständigen Ausführung an der Antennenanschlussstelle 3 bereits mit einer Antennenhöhe 9 von 6 cm grundsätzlich erreicht werden. Die Eigenschaften des Unterband-Monopols 2 sind im Wesentlichen bestimmt durch seine Antennenhöhe 9 und durch die Größe der flächigen Dachkapazität 10, deren Horizontalausdehnung 23 mit ca. 6cm wesentlich größer, das heißt etwa mindestens dreimal größer gestaltet ist als die Vertikalausdehnung 22. Eine wesentlich größere Vertikalausdehnung 22 vergrößert zwar den Kapazitätswert der Dachkapazität 10, mindert jedoch die wirksame Höhe des Unterband-Monopols 2, welche im Gegensatz zum Kapazitätswert quadratisch in die Bildung der Frequenzbandbreite des Unterband-Monopols 2 eingeht.For a
Die Bildung des Oberband-Monopols 1 ist im Wesentlichen durch die flächige Dreieckstruktur 4 gegeben, sofern die induktive Wirkung der Leiterstreifen 15 mit schmaler Streifenleiterbreite 14 zur Abtrennung von Funksignalen im Oberband von der Dachkapazität 10 hinreichend groß ist. Dies ist bei einer Streifenleiterbreite von kleiner oder gleich 7 mm in der Regel gegeben. Zur Erhöhung dieser abtrennenden Wirkung kann erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen sein, die Leiterstreifen 15 mit mäanderförmigen Ausprägungen 24 zu versehen. Naturgemäß ist die funktionelle Unterteilung der Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 in den Unterband-Monopol 2 und den Oberband-Monopol 1 nicht streng zu sehen. Vielmehr ist der Übergang zwischen den Wirkungen fließend und die Unterteilung als Beschreibung für die hauptsächlichen Wirkungen in den beiden Frequenzbereichen zu verstehen. Die Wirkungsweise des über der leitenden Grundfläche 6 befindlichen Oberband-Monopols 1 ist im Wesentlichen durch die Gestaltung der flächigen Dreieckstruktur 4 gegeben. Im Interesse eines besonders breitbandigen Verhaltens ist bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel eine auf der Spitze stehende flächige Dreieckstruktur 4 mit Dreieck-Öffnungswinkel 12 vorgesehen, deren Spitze mit dem Antennenanschlusspunkt 5 verbunden ist. Durch diesen ist zusammen mit dem Masse-Anschlusspunkt 7 auf der leitenden Grundfläche 6 die Antennenanschlussstelle 3 für die Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 gebildet. Die Höhe der Grundlinie der flächigen Dreieckstruktur 4 über der leitenden Grundfläche 6 bildet im Wesentlichen die wirksame Oberband-Monopol-Höhe 8, durch welche das Frequenzverhalten der Oberband-Monopols 1 wesentlich bestimmt ist. Aus Gründen des vertikalen Strahlungsdiagramms für die Kommunikation mit terrestrischen Sende-und Empfangsstellen sollte die Oberband-Monopolhöhe 8 bei der oberen Frequenzgrenze des Oberbands nicht größer sein als etwa 1/3 der Freiraumwellenlänge bei dieser Frequenz. Als Dreieck-Öffnungswinkel 12 haben sich Werte zwischen 30 und 90 Grad als günstig erwiesen. Die dadurch entstandene breitbandig wirkende Dreieckstruktur ermöglicht es zum Beispiel, die häufig gestellte Forderung für die Impedanzanpassung im Fußpunkt bei einem Wert von VSWR< 2,5 im Frequenzbereich des Oberbandes zu erfüllen.The formation of the
Entsprechend der Aufgabenstellung im Hinblick auf die geforderte mechanische Stabilität zur Halterung der Dachkapazität 10 durch schmale Leiterstreifen 15 ist es erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, diese mechanisch hinreichend steif auszuführen. In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform einer aus gestanztem oder geschnittenem Blech ausgeführten Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 nach der Erfindung ist eine Rahmenstruktur 11 zur Erreichung einer besonderen Steifigkeit gestaltet. Dabei ist die Rahmenstruktur 11, wie in den
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung besteht die elektrisch leitende Struktur aus einem Material besonderer Steifigkeit, beispielsweise dünnem Blech. Bei Verwendung solcher Materialien kann die Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 mit nur einem Leiterstreifen 15, wie in
Zur Feinabstimmung des Zusammenwirkens zwischen dem Unterband-Monopol 2 und dem Oberband-Monopol 1 ist es in einer vorteilhaften Ausführung der Erfindung vorgesehen, ein Schaltelement mit der Wirkungsweise eines Parallelschwingkreises 28 in die Leiterstreifen 15 einzubringen. Dieser Parallelschwingkreis dient zur Unterstützung der frequenzselektiven Trennung des Unterband-Monopols 2 von Signalen im Oberband. Der Parallelschwingkreis 28 kann, wie in
Zur weiteren Verbesserung der Frequenzbandbreite des Oberband-Monopols 1 kann in einer (nicht beanspruchten) Ausgestaltung für diesen eine dreidimensionale Struktur vorgesehen, welche aus der zweidimensionalen Struktur in der Weise gebildet ist, dass anstelle der flächigen Dreieckstruktur 4 eine etwa kegelförmige Struktur angestrebt wird. Die Form eines derartigen Monopols ist in
Aufgrund der knappen Bauräume besteht bei Fahrzeugantennen die wesentliche Anforderung nach Kleinheit und insbesondere auch danach, den Grundriss der Antenne zu minimieren. Insbesondere für Satellitenfunkdienste und Antennen für andere Funkdienste auf engem Raum ist dabei die Verformung des Richtdiagramms der Satellitenantenne aufgrund der Strahlungskopplung zwischen den Antennen problematisch. Diese Problematik besteht auch dann, wenn - wie in den
Um auch die elektromagnetische Entkopplung zwischen der Satellitenempfangsantenne 2 und der die Dachkapazität 10 bildenden flächigen Rechteckstruktur 16 des Unterband-Monopols 2 zu vervollkommnen, kann diese im Wesentlichen durch vertikal elektrisch leitend voneinander getrennt verlaufende, jedoch an ihrem oberen Ende über einen verbleibenden Streifen 31 zusammenhängende streifenförmige Dachlamellen 19, wie in den
Häufig ist es vorgesehen, eine Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 unter einer Abdeckhaube 32, aus Plastikmaterial unterzubringen, wie es in
Zur Gestaltung der Räumlichkeit des Unterband-Monopols 2 können die an ihrem oberen Ende über einen verbleibenden Streifen zusammenhängenden streifenförmigen Dachlamellen 19 der Dachkapazität 10 in der Weise ausgewinkelt werden, dass sie in der Projektion auf eine zur Fahrtrichtung quer liegenden Ebene V-förmig angeordnet sind. Hierzu sind einander abwechselnd die in
In Analogie zur Gestaltung eines Kegels mit elliptischem Querschnitt durch entsprechende Auslenkung der Lamellen 20, 20a, 20b des Oberband-Monopols 1 in
Generell ist zu beobachten, dass die erfindungsgemäße räumliche Gestaltung ausgehend von der beschriebenen zweidimensionalen Gestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Monopolantenne 0 bezüglich der Problematik der Impedanzanpassung über große Frequenzbereiche zusätzlich vorteilhaft ist. Mit der vorliegenden Erfindung ist somit der besondere Vorteil verbunden, dass diese räumlich gestaltete Antenne aus einer flächigen elektrisch leitenden Struktur (Blech oder Folie) gestanzt oder geschnitten und durch einfaches anschließendes Biegen, wie oben beschrieben, gestaltet werden kann.In general, it can be observed that the spatial design according to the invention, starting from the described two-dimensional design of the
Es ist auch möglich, zwei Breitband-Monopolantennen Ound 0a nach der Erfindung unter einer Abdeckhaube 32 in Fahrtrichtung hintereinander, wie in
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Anwendung einer Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 nach der Erfindung ist diese durch eine weitere, zu dieser gleichen Breitband-Monopolantenne auf an sich bekannte Weise zu einem Dipol ergänzt. Dabei wird das Spiegelbild der Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 an der leitenden Grundfläche 6 unter deren Wegfall durch diese weitere Breitband-Monopolantenne in der Weise ersetzt, dass ein zur Ebene der leitenden Grundfläche 6 symmetrischer Dipol gegeben ist. Dabei ist die symmetrische Antennenanschlussstelle dieses Dipols zwischen dem Antennenanschlusspunkt 5 der Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 und dem - diesem entsprechenden - an der leitenden Grundfläche 6 gespiegelten Antennenanschlusspunkt 5 gebildet.In a further advantageous application of a
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Anwendung einer Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 nach der Erfindung ist zur Unterstützung der Impedanzanpassung am unteren Frequenzende des Unterbandes ein an seinem oberen Ende mit der Dachkapazität 10 verbundener und zur leitenden Grundfläche 6 hin verlaufender Koppelleiter 35 vorhanden, welcher an seinem unteren Ende mit der leitenden Grundfläche 6 verkoppelt ist. Dieser Koppeleiter 35 ist in
- Breitband-Monopolantenne 0,0aBroadband monopole antenna 0.0a
-
Oberband-Monopol 1, 1 aHigh-
band monopoly 1, 1 a -
Unterband-Monopol 2, 2a
2, 2aSubband monopole -
Antennenanschlussstelle 3
Antenna connection point 3 -
Dreieckstruktur 4
Triangular structure 4 -
Antennenanschlusspunkt 5
Antenna connection point 5 -
leitende Grundfläche 6
conductive base 6 -
Masse-Anschlusspunkt 7
Ground connection point 7 -
Oberband-Monopol-Höhe 8Upper
Band Monopoly Height 8 -
Antennenhöhe 9
Antenna height 9 -
Dachkapazität 10
Roof capacity 10 -
Rahmenstruktur 11
Frame structure 11 -
Dreieck-Öffnungswinkel 12
Triangle opening angle 12 -
Abstand 13
Distance 13 -
Streifenleiterbreite 14
Stripline width 14 - Leiterstreifen 15, 15a, 15bConductor strips 15, 15a, 15b
-
Rechteckstruktur 16
Rectangular structure 16 -
Kegel-Öffnungswinkel in y-Richtung 17Cone opening angle in y-
direction 17 -
Kegel-Öffnungswinkel in x-Richtung 17aCone opening angle in the
x direction 17a -
kegelförmiger-Monopol 18
conical monopole 18 -
Dachlamelle 19, 19a, 19b
19, 19a, 19bRoof lamella -
streifenförmige Lamellen 20strip-shaped
slats 20 -
Streifenbreite 21
Strip width 21 -
Vertikalausdehnung 22
Vertical extension 22 -
Horizontalausdehnung 23
Horizontal expansion 23 -
mäanderförmige Ausprägung 24meandering
form 24 -
ringförmige Satellitenempfangsantenne 25, 25a, 25bannular
25, 25a, 25bsatellite receiving antenna - Interdigitalstruktur 26Interdigital structure 26
- Parallelkapazität 27Parallel capacity 27
-
Parallelinduktivität 28
Parallel inductance 28 -
Parallelschwingkreis 29Parallel
resonant circuit 29 -
Kegel-Lamelle 30, 30a, 30b
Cone blade 30, 30a, 30b -
verbleibender Streifen 31remaining
strip 31 -
Abdeckhaube 32
Cover 32 -
elektrisch leitende Folie 33electrically
conductive foil 33 - Schnittlinien der dielektrischen Platte 34Cutting lines of the dielectric plate 34th
-
Koppelleiter 35
Coupling conductor 35 -
Koppelnetzwerk 36
Coupling network 36 -
Koppelleiterbreite 37
Coupling conductor width 37
Claims (11)
- A vertical broadband monopole antenna for vehicles for two frequency bands, namely a lower band (U) for lower frequencies and an upper band (O) for higher frequencies, separated by a frequency gap and both disposed in the decimeter wave spectrum, for transmitting and/or receiving using terrestrially broadcast, vertically polarized radio signals over a substantially horizontal conductive base surface (6) as a vehicle ground having an antenna connection site (3) located in the monopole nadir comprising the following features:- the broadband monopole antenna (0) is designed from a self-supporting electrically conductive structure which is oriented above and substantially perpendicular to the base surface (6);- the electrically conductive structure comprises at the lower end of the broadband monopole antenna (0) a triangular structure (4) standing on its apex and having a substantially horizontally oriented baseline, the apex forming an antenna connection point (5) of the antenna connection site (3);- the electrically conductive structure comprises a roof capacitor (10) substantially designed as a rectangular structure (16) adjacent to and below the upper end of the broadband monopole antenna (0);- the triangular structure (4) and the rectangular structure (16) are inductively connected with high impedance by at least one conductor strip (15, 15a, 15b) for separating radio signals in the upper band,characterized in that- at least one annular satellite reception antenna (25, 25a, 25b) which is arranged concentrically to the antenna connection site (3) is present above the conductive base surface (6); and- in that the triangular structure (4) is designed by strip-shaped lamellas (20) arranged fan-like in the triangle plane and running together at the apex.
- A broadband monopole antenna (0) in accordance with claim 1,
characterized in that
the electrically conductive structure has at least two spaced apart conductor strips (15), whereby a frame structure (11) is formed comprising the triangular structure (4), the rectangular structure (16) and the conductor strips (15). - A broadband monopole antenna (0) in accordance with claim 1 or claim 2,
characterized in that
the conductor strip or strips (15, 15a, 15b) contain meandering shapes (24) for a frequency-selective separation. - A broadband monopole antenna (0) in accordance with at least one of the claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that
the internal angle (12) at the apex of the triangular structure (4) amounts approximately to between 30 and 90 degrees. - A broadband monopole antenna (0) in accordance with at least one of the claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that,
to improve the electromagnetic decoupling, the rectangular structure (16) is substantially formed by strip-shaped roof lamellas (19, 19a, 19b) which extend vertically, electrically conductively and separate from one another, but contiguous at their upper end via a remaining strip (31). - A broadband monopole antenna (0) in accordance with at least one of the claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that
the strip-shaped lamellas (30, 30a, 30b) which run together in the apex are angled out of the plane of the triangular structure (4) in a manner such that they extend substantially over the jacket surface of a cone standing on the apex and having a circular or elliptical cross-section. - A broadband monopole antenna (0) in accordance with claim 5,
characterized in that
the roof lamellas (19, 19a, 19b) are angled in opposite senses following one another in a manner such that they are arranged in V shape in a projection onto a plane extending transversely to the strip (31). - A broadband monopole antenna (0) in accordance with at least one of the claims 1 - 5 to and 7,
characterized in that
the lamellas (20a, 20b) running together in the apex are angled in opposite senses following one another from the plane of the triangular structure (4) in a manner such that they are arranged in V shape in a projection onto a plane extending transversely to the triangular structure (4). - A broadband monopole antenna (0) in accordance with at least one of the claims 1 to 8,
characterized in that
the broadband monopole antenna (0) is arranged beneath a cover hood (32); and in that the at least one conductor strip (15, 15a, 15b) is conducted at least in part and in particular as far as possible along the inner wall of the cover hood. - A broadband monopole antenna (0) in accordance with any one of the claims 1 to 9,
characterized in that
the electrically conductive structure comprises electrically conductive sheet metal and only one self-supporting conductor strip (15) is present whose strip conductor width (14) is in particular smaller than or equal to 7 mm. - A broadband monopole antenna (0) in accordance with at least one of the claims 1 to 10,
characterized in that
a coupling conductor (35) is present which is connected at its upper end to the roof capacitor (10) and which is coupled at its lower end to the conductive base surface (6).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102013005001.4A DE102013005001A1 (en) | 2013-03-24 | 2013-03-24 | Broadband monopole antenna for two frequency bands separated by a frequency gap in the decimeter wave range for vehicles |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2784874A2 EP2784874A2 (en) | 2014-10-01 |
EP2784874A3 EP2784874A3 (en) | 2014-12-03 |
EP2784874B1 true EP2784874B1 (en) | 2016-07-20 |
Family
ID=50276966
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14159092.7A Active EP2784874B1 (en) | 2013-03-24 | 2014-03-12 | Broadband monopole antenna for vehicles for two frequency bands separated by a frequency gap in the decimeter wavelength |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20140285387A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2784874B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102013005001A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR3025611B1 (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2019-04-19 | Centre National D'etudes Spatiales | METHOD OF AUTHENTICATING SIGNALS RECEIVED FROM A CONSTELLATION OF SATELLITES |
CN104810610A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-29 | 邝嘉豪 | Bipolar oscillator provided with spacer |
CN104882665A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-09-02 | 邝嘉豪 | High-gain unipolarity oscillator having second radiation sheet |
CN104810611A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-29 | 邝嘉豪 | Monopole antenna provided with first rectangular through hole |
DE102016010200A1 (en) | 2016-05-04 | 2017-11-09 | Heinz Lindenmeier | Antenna under a cup-shaped antenna cover for vehicles |
DE102016005556A1 (en) | 2016-05-06 | 2017-11-09 | Heinz Lindenmeier | Satellite antenna under an antenna cover |
CN110034400A (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2019-07-19 | 台达电子工业股份有限公司 | Antenna assembly and antenna system |
CN211295369U (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-08-18 | 株式会社友华 | Vehicle-mounted antenna device |
WO2020240916A1 (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2020-12-03 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | Multiband antenna |
CN113109757A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-13 | 广东圣大电子有限公司 | Direction finding microwave channel assembly based on interferometer |
DE102022001407A1 (en) | 2022-04-25 | 2023-10-26 | Heinz Lindenmeier | Combination antenna for mobile communications and satellite reception |
CN114899593B (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2024-09-20 | 陕西北斗科技开发应用有限公司 | Be applicable to big dipper and WLAN system complementary structure loading microstrip antenna |
US20240347920A1 (en) * | 2023-04-12 | 2024-10-17 | Raytheon Company | Nested wire monopole hf antenna |
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FR2634068B1 (en) * | 1988-07-08 | 1990-09-14 | Thomson Csf | BROADBAND RECEIVING ANTENNA |
WO1996024963A1 (en) * | 1995-02-06 | 1996-08-15 | Megawave Corporation | Window glass antenna |
US5872546A (en) * | 1995-09-27 | 1999-02-16 | Ntt Mobile Communications Network Inc. | Broadband antenna using a semicircular radiator |
JP3213564B2 (en) | 1997-02-26 | 2001-10-02 | 日本アンテナ株式会社 | Multi-resonant antenna |
ES2241378T3 (en) * | 1999-09-20 | 2005-10-16 | Fractus, S.A. | MULTI LEVEL ANTENNAS. |
US6525691B2 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2003-02-25 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Miniaturized conformal wideband fractal antennas on high dielectric substrates and chiral layers |
US6693600B1 (en) * | 2000-11-24 | 2004-02-17 | Paul G. Elliot | Ultra-broadband antenna achieved by combining a monocone with other antennas |
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US6486849B2 (en) * | 2001-02-14 | 2002-11-26 | Raytheon Company | Small L-band antenna |
BR0117154A (en) * | 2001-10-16 | 2004-10-26 | Fractus Sa | Loaded Antenna |
US9755314B2 (en) * | 2001-10-16 | 2017-09-05 | Fractus S.A. | Loaded antenna |
US6917341B2 (en) * | 2002-06-11 | 2005-07-12 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Top-loading monopole antenna apparatus with short-circuit conductor connected between top-loading electrode and grounding conductor |
JP2005057438A (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2005-03-03 | Sony Corp | Antenna assembly |
US7245263B2 (en) * | 2005-02-18 | 2007-07-17 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Antenna |
US7248223B2 (en) * | 2005-12-05 | 2007-07-24 | Elta Systems Ltd | Fractal monopole antenna |
US7973731B2 (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2011-07-05 | Harris Corporation | Folded conical antenna and associated methods |
JP2010021856A (en) * | 2008-07-11 | 2010-01-28 | Nippon Antenna Co Ltd | Antenna device |
KR101192298B1 (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2012-10-17 | 인팩일렉스 주식회사 | Unified antenna for shark fin type |
DE102012003460A1 (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2012-09-20 | Heinz Lindenmeier | Multiband receiving antenna for the combined reception of satellite signals and terrestrial broadcasting signals |
-
2013
- 2013-03-24 DE DE102013005001.4A patent/DE102013005001A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-03-12 EP EP14159092.7A patent/EP2784874B1/en active Active
- 2014-03-21 US US14/221,669 patent/US20140285387A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102013005001A1 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
EP2784874A2 (en) | 2014-10-01 |
EP2784874A3 (en) | 2014-12-03 |
US20140285387A1 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
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