EP2652428B1 - Hammer for a portable firearm - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a self-loading handgun with a hammer, the hammer has a twisting axis, a hammer head and a detent, the detent cooperates with a latch of a trigger of the handgun and the hammerhead directly or indirectly when relaxing the handgun against the firing pin of the handgun acts and brings the shot to the trigger.

After the development of first handguns more than 500 years ago, the desire quickly came to be able to fire high numbers of shots in a short time. With the summary of all components necessary for the shot to a unit cartridge and in particular with the development of the metal cartridge the basis for the further development to semi and fully automatic handguns was given, which still shape the state of the art today.

Such weapons usually have a receptacle for removable magazines, in which usually a variety, for example twenty to thirty, is stored by cartridges.

This type of handguns can be designed as long or short weapons. Long weapons are usually "operated with both hands and generally also have a body support device, usually designed as a buttstock, whereas handguns can be used on one or both hands without support on the body." The present invention is preferably used for long weapons Such handguns They are usually used in official services and accordingly have to be very safe to handle in everyday life and be ready to use in a split second in an emergency.

The hammer a handgun usually has a hammer head, which emits the kinetic energy of the hammer directly or via intermediate elements on the cartridge for firing shot. The hammer head of the hammering piece is usually the end of a lever mounted pivotably about an axis, which additionally has an integrally formed latching nose, which cooperates with a catch of the trigger. The pawl serves to catch the nose of the hammer and to hold the hammer in its cocked position. In self-loading weapons hammer head and latch are always rigidly coupled together or formed by a single part.

It is a non-self-loading turret known in which the detent is formed by a pivotally mounted on the percussion spring-loaded part. In this non-self-loading turret, when the trigger is actuated, the impact piece is tensioned and a new cartridge is loaded in the firing position by rotation of the barrel in front of the barrel. So that all this is possible, a corresponding pivoting of the locking lug about a separate axis on the hammer is necessary.

In self-loading semi-automatic or fully automatic handguns with a trigger in which the acting on the hammer piece pawl of the trigger is rigidly connected to the trigger, the problem occurs that when relaxed hammer the gun can not be secured. This is due to the fact that the hammer locks the trajectory of the trigger when swinging back to its original position. The safety device can therefore not give away the trigger in its initial position and thus the weapon can not be secured. Such a weapon is partially in FIG. 5 shown. The hammer 105 is integrally formed and forms both the hammer head 108a with its striking surface 108b and the latch 106 from. The weapon is not secured. Since the pawl 115 can abut against the lower end face 109b of the striking piece 105 the trigger 114, 115, 116 are not given away by means of the safety lever 117 in a clockwise direction about the axis 119. Locking is therefore disadvantageously not possible.

To prevent this problem is from the prior art, for example DE 10 2006 048 436 A1 known to mount the pawl pivotable on the trigger lever element, wherein springs press the pawl respectively in the direction of the blocking position, so that when clamping the hammering piece or cocked striking piece whose locking lug is always caught by the pawl and thus the hammer is held in its cocked position , If the hammer is in its relaxed position, the weapon can be secured, in which case the safety device moves the trigger lever against the spring forces of the pawl pressurizing spring back to its original position, with a relative movement between pawl and trigger lever element takes place. In this embodiment, the hammered piece can be pivoted back into its cocked position with secured weapon, wherein the pawl catch catch of the striking piece catches and holds the hammer in its cocked position by the springs. However, this design has the disadvantage that the pawl pressurizing springs are always compressed even when a weapon out of service, should be relaxed in the actually all spring elements of the weapon, so that they lose their clamping force relatively quickly. However, this is very critical, since it is precisely these springs are necessary so that the pawl keeps the locking lug of the hammer always safe. With a decrease in the spring force of the pawl pressurizing springs, it may therefore be disadvantageous that solves despite secured weapon shock loads a shot. US 2 341 780 A discloses a handgun according to the preamble of claim 1; due to the position of the axis of rotation of the hammer of the handgun is a catch of the hammer after pressing the trigger no longer in contact with the latch of the trigger.

With a clear reduction of the tolerance limit of service accidents, the safety requirements have increased significantly again in recent years without compromising the operational readiness of small arms.

The invention is therefore the object of developing a hammer for a self-loading weapon and a self-loading weapon of the type mentioned in such a way that even with large shock loads in secured or unsecured weapon can not solve a shot and thus the safety of the weapon is increased.

The hammer head of the hammer and its latch are movable relative to each other or the latch is elastic. As a result, it is advantageously possible that a relative movement between the hammer head or the axis of rotation of the striking piece and the locking lug itself is possible. If the hammer is in its relaxed position, the latch can be adjusted by the pawl relative to the pivot axis or axis of rotation of the hammer or deformed so that the latch does not block the movement of the trigger lever element to its original position. Thus, the weapon can be advantageously secured even when located in a relaxed position hammer. It is a backup device for securing the handgun provided during the backup process in the relaxed position befindlichem striking piece the trigger pivoted to its original position while the pawl of the trigger the locking lug relative to the hammer head adjusted. The cooperating during and after the securing operation with the locking pawl prevents jamming of the movable latching lug by a sudden impact of the latching lug on the latch in the event of tensioning the striking piece. Thus, an unhindered tensioning of the hammer with secure trigger is ensured.

For this purpose, the latching piece advantageously has a sliding surface which makes it possible to pivot the striking piece with a secured weapon with little energy from the relaxed position into the cocked position.

Advantageously, the hammering piece may comprise a hammer part having the hammer head and a detent piece having the detent nose, wherein the detent piece is displaceable relative to the hammer member so as to be displaceable, in particular radially or tangentially to the axis of rotation or pivoting of the hammered piece.

The locking piece may also have a passage opening for the pivot axis of the hammer. This is particularly useful whenever the pivot axis is in relative proximity to the latch. The passage opening can advantageously be formed as a slot, which advantageously in particular the radial movement of the locking piece is limited.

The locking piece should also advantageous slidably mounted on the hammer part be, so that a secure radial or tangential guidance is ensured.

Thus, the locking piece always comes with its locking lug in the position in which the locking lug can be caught by the pawl, the locking piece the trigger 114, 115, 116 are not given away by means of the safety lever 117 in a clockwise direction about the axis 119. Locking is therefore disadvantageously not possible.

To prevent this problem is known from the prior art to store the pawl pivotable on the trigger lever element, wherein springs pressurize the pawl respectively in the direction of the blocking position, so that when clamping the hammer or cocked beater whose catch always caught by the pawl and thus the hammer is held in its cocked position. If the hammer is in its relaxed position, the weapon can be secured, in which case the safety device moves the trigger lever against the spring forces of the pawl pressurizing spring back to its original position, with a relative movement between pawl and trigger lever element takes place. In this embodiment, the hammered piece can be pivoted back into its cocked position with secured weapon, wherein the pawl catch catch of the striking piece catches and holds the hammer in its cocked position by the springs. However, this embodiment has the disadvantage that the pawl pressurizing springs are always compressed even when a weapon out of service, in which actually all the spring elements of the weapon should be relaxed, so that they lose their clamping force relatively quickly. However, this is very critical, since it is precisely these springs are necessary so that the pawl keeps the locking lug of the hammer always safe. With a decrease in the spring force of the pawl pressurizing springs, it may therefore be disadvantageous that dissolves despite secured weapon shock loads a shot.

With a clear reduction of the tolerance limit of service accidents, the safety requirements have increased significantly again in recent years without compromising the operational readiness of small arms. The invention is therefore the object of developing a self-loading weapon of the type mentioned in such a way that even with large shock loads in secured can get. If the hammer is in its relaxed position, the safety device can be operated and the weapon can be secured. When securing the handgun the trigger or the trigger element is pivoted with its pawl to its original position, at the same time the pawl of the trigger the detent or the detent adjusted relative to the hammer head, in particular radially or tangentially shifts or elastically deformed the detent.

The safety device advantageously has a manually operable adjusting lever, on which a cam-shaped shaft, in particular a semicircular, semicircular shaft, is formed or fastened, wherein in the secured position or when pivoting the adjusting lever in the secured position, the shaft holds the trigger in its starting position or in this adjusted and the shaft in the unlocked position, the movement of the trigger not limited. Such a security device is well known from the prior art.

The handgun may also advantageously have at least one adjustment mechanism for at least two kinds of fire, in particular single fire, automatic automatic override, in particular with 3-shot, and serial fire.

Under a single-function mechanism, which is usually referred to as a "single action" mechanism, it should be understood that the hammer is not about a trigger movement in the ready position can be moved. Such lock mechanisms allow a particularly sensitive shot triggering, which is an essential prerequisite for targeted results. For such lock mechanisms, a striking piece according to the invention is particularly well suited.

It is particularly preferred that the lock mechanism in addition to a safety position in which preferably a trigger element is blocked, a single fire function in which by each withdrawal movement exactly one shot is triggered and has a bursting function in which a deduction a defined number of firing , in particular 2, 3 or 5 shots in automatic order, or in Serienfeuer triggerable Advantageously by means of an elastic means, in particular a spring, subjected to force. The elastic means may be formed by a body made of elastic material, which is compressed by the relative movement of the locking part and then releases its energy again, so that the locking part returns to its Einklinkstellung. The elastic means or an additional elastic means may advantageously serve as an attenuator, so that the locking member causes no vibration during the attack, whereby the reliability, the accuracy and the durability of the weapon can be increased.

The attenuator may preferably be a polymer damping element that absorbs external impact effects and prevents load peaks at the latching connection and thus contributes to the reliability and operational readiness of the handgun. Of course, the vibration damping element and the compression spring can also be formed from a single component.

If the locking piece is mounted radially displaceable to the pivot axis of the hammer, it is always driven by the rapid movement of the hammer due to the centrifugal forces acting radially outwards and thus in its Einklinkstellung, resulting in increased reliability.

Advantageously, the hammer part and the locking piece about a common axis verdrehbzw. pivoted. This reduces the number of axes, resulting in a simple structure.

The claimed handgun can advantageously correspond to the model M-16, A15, M-4. This handgun has the above-described hammer on which is mounted rotatable about an axis in the handgun and biased by a spring. The hammer is held by the pawl of the trigger in a cocked position, the pawl releasing the hammer or its detent by pressing the trigger, so that the hammer in its relaxed position become.

Due to the compactness of the striking piece according to the invention this can be advantageously retrofitted in self-loading small arms of the model A-16, A15, AR-15, which can be achieved by increased security for the weapon at low cost. The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to figures.

Fig. 1:

Ein erfindungsgemäßes Schlagstück mit dem Hammerteil und dem Raststück;

Fig. 2:

einen Teil einer Handfeuerwaffe mit Abzug, erfindungsgemäßem Schlagstück und Sicherungseinrichtung;

Fig. 3:

gesicherte Waffe, wobei das Schlagstück in der entspannten Stellung ist;

Fig. 4:

gesicherte Waffe, wobei das Schlagstück in die gespannte Stellung verstellt ist;

Fig. 5:

Schlagstück, Abzug und Sicherungseinrichtung einer selbstladenden handfeuerwaffe gemäß dem Stand der Technik.

Show it:

Fig. 1:

An inventive hammer with the hammer part and the locking piece;

Fig. 2:

a part of a handgun with trigger, inventive hammer and safety device;

3:

secured weapon, with the hammer in the relaxed position;

4:

secured weapon, the hammer is adjusted in the cocked position;

Fig. 5:

Hammer, trigger and safety device of a self-loading handgun according to the prior art.

The FIG. 1 shows the striking piece 5 according to the invention with the hammer part 8 and the locking piece 9 both in the assembled state and the items. The hammer part 8 consists of a shaft 8c, which has the through-hole 8d for the bearing shaft 7. At the end of the shaft 8c, the hammer head 8a is formed with its striking surface 8b. The shank 8c has connecting surfaces or a linear guide 8f, which guides the locking piece 9 in the radial direction to the axis 7. The locking piece 9 has for this purpose also guide surfaces or recesses 9c, which correspond to the guide surfaces of the shaft 8c. The locking piece 9 has a slot 10 which is bordered by a border 9 a and so on Locking piece 9 is arranged so that it is aligned with the through hole 8 d of the hammer part 8. The lower round side of the locking piece 9 forms a sliding or guide surface 9b, with which the locking piece 9 along the tip of the pawl 15 (FIG. Figur2-4 ) can slide along without overcoming too much frictional force. At the end of the sliding surface 9b, the locking lug 6 is formed, which corresponds to the pawl 15 of the trigger.

The FIG. 2 shows a portion of a handgun 2 with trigger 14, inventive impact piece 5 and securing means 17, 18. The hammer 5 is pivotally mounted about the axis 7 and shown in the relaxed position. In this position, the locking lug is not engaged with the pawl 15. Since the securing device 17, 18 is moved to the secured position, the withdrawal element 14, 15, 16 is pivoted by its axis 19 in the clockwise direction by means of the shaft 18. When pivoting in the secured position, the pawl 15 is moved upward, with its free end, the locking piece 9 against the spring force of the spring 11 pushes upwards and thus moves relative to the hammer head 8a.

In FIG. 3 is the same arrangement as in FIG. 2 shown, but for reasons of clarity without weapon housing 12. Due to the upwardly pressed locking piece 9 of the remaining gap Sp between the locking piece 9 and the hammer part 8 only very small. Will now, as in FIG. 4 shown, the hammer 5 is rotated clockwise and thus adjusted to the standby position or cocked position, the spring 11 is constantly trying the locking piece in his in FIG. 4 to adjust the position shown. However, this succeeds only when the pawl 15 releases the movement of the locking piece 9. The spring force is supported in automatic weapons by the centrifugal force.

In the in FIG. 4 shown position, the weapon is in the secured position. Due to the existing positive connection between the safety device and the trigger 14, 15, 16 and the existing positive connection between the pawl 15 and the locking lug 6, the hammer can not even in the largest shocks in its relaxed position arrive and thus no shot will be delivered unintentionally.

In the gap Sp, e.g. a damping element 1 are arranged, which prevents vibrations and hitting and thus premature wear. Of course, the damping element 1 can also be arranged at other locations.

The elongated hole 10 advantageously limits the movement of the locking piece 9 relative to the bearing axis 7 or to the hammer part 8. Together with the linear guide 8f, 9c, it serves to ensure that the locking piece is held securely at its intended position and nevertheless adjusted by the required distance. or is displaceable.

Of course, it is possible that the trigger 14, 15, 16 may consist of several parts, which are more or less rigidly fastened together.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

damping element

2

Handgun

5

firing pin

6

locking lug

6a

Stop surface of the locking lug. 6

7

axis

8th

hammer part

8a

hammerhead

8b

Striking surface of the hammer head 8a

8c

Shank of the hammer part 8

8d

Through hole for rotary shaft

8f

Linear guide of the hammer part 8

9

locking piece

9a

Border of the slot 10

9b

Control area / slide

9c

Guide surfaces of the locking piece. 9

10

Long hole

11

compression spring

12

casing

13

buttstock

14

triggering element

15

pawl

16

with locking device cooperating end of the rear lever arm of the trigger

17

manually operable lever of the safety device

18

Shaft of the safety device

19

bearing shaft

105

firing pin

106

locking lug

107

Twisting axis of the hammer 105

108a

hammerhead

108b

Striking surface of the hammer head 108a

109b

lower end of the hammer 105th

114

sear

115

pawl

116

Lever arm of the trigger

117

Safety lever of the safety device

118

Shaft of safety lever 117

119

Pivot axis of the trigger element 114, 115, 116

sp

gap

Claims (14)

1. Self-loading portable firearm (2) with a hammer (5), a trigger (14), a firing pin and a safety device (17, 18), wherein the hammer (5) comprises a twist axis (7), a hammer head (8a), and an engagement nose (6), wherein the engagement nose (6) interacts with a pawl (15) of the trigger (14) of the firearm (2), and the hammer head (8a) takes effect directly or indirectly, at the uncocking of the firearm (2), against the firing pin of the firearm (2), and causes the round to be released, wherein the hammer head (8a) and the engagement nose (6) are movable relative to one another, in particular in a linear manner, or the engagement nose (6) is elastic, wherein the hammer (5) is mounted in the firearm (2) such as to rotate about an axis, and is subjected to preliminary tension by means of a spring, wherein the hammer (5) can be retained by means of a pawl (15) of the trigger (14) in a cocked position, and, by actuation of the trigger, the pawl (15) releases the hammer (5) and its engagement nose (6) respectively, such that the hammer can move into its uncocked position, characterised in that the safety device (17, 18), in order to render the firearm (2) safe, is configured in such a way that, during the make-safe procedure, with the hammer (5) being in the uncocked position, it pivots the trigger (14) into its initial position, and that, in this situation, the pawl (15) of the trigger (14) causes the engagement nose (6) to move relative to the hammer head (8a) or deforms the engagement nose (6) in an elastic manner.
2. Self-loading portable firearm (2) according to claim 1, characterised in that the hammer (5) comprises a pawl element (9) comprising a hammer part (8) comprising the hammer head (8a) and an engagement part (9) comprising the engagement nose (6), wherein the engagement part (9) is mounted such as to be movable in relation to the hammer part (8), in particular displaceable radially or tangentially to the twist axis (7)
3. Self-loading portable firearm (2) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the engagement part (9) is mounted such as to be displaceable, in particular in a linear manner, by means of guide surfaces at the hammer part (8).
4. Self-loading portable firearm (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the engagement part (9) is subjected to force by way of an elastic means (11), in particular a spring, into an engagement position.
5. Self-loading portable firearm (2) according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterised in that the hammer part (8) and the engagement part (9) are mounted such as to be capable of rotating or pivoting about a common axis (7).
6. Self-loading portable firearm (2) according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterised in that the engagement part (9) comprises a longitudinal hole (10), through which a bearing shaft (7) or an axial projection of the hammer part (8) engages, wherein the longitudinal hole (10) limits the relative movement between the engagement part (9) and the hammer part (8).
7. Self-loading portable firearm (2) according to claim 6, characterised in that the hammer part (8) comprises a passage aperture (8d), wherein the bearing shaft (7) engages through the passage aperture (8d).
8. Self-loading portable firearm (2) according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterised in that the hammer part (8) and/or the engagement part (9) comprises guide surfaces (8f, 9c), by means of which the engagement part (9) can be displaced in a guided manner at the hammer part (8).
9. Self-loading portable firearm (2) according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterised in that the hammer head (8a) serves, with its impact surface (8b), to transfer energy to the cartridge or to ignite the cartridge.
10. Self-loading portable firearm (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the hammer (5) comprises a slide surface (9b), which allows for sliding on a pawl (15) of the trigger of the firearm (2).
11. Self-loading portable firearm (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the safety device (17, 18) comprises a manually actuated adjustment lever (17), moulded or secured to which is a cam-shaped shaft (18), in particular a shaft which is semi-circular in cross-section, wherein, in the safe position or when the adjustment lever (17) is pivoted into the safe position, the shaft (18) holds the trigger in its initial position or moves it into this, and the shaft, in the unlocked position, does not restrict the movement of the trigger (14, 15, 16).
12. Self-loading portable firearm (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the firearm (2) comprises a housing (12), wherein the housing (12) screens the hammer (5) against external influences, in particular against the effect of force and/or dirt contamination.
13. Self-loading portable firearm (2) according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterised in that the firearm (2) comprises at least one adjustment mechanism for at least two types of firing, in particular single round, automatic sustained force firing, in particular with three rounds, and sustained fire.
14. Self-loading portable firearm (2) according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterised in that the firearm (2) is a semi-automatic and/or fully automatic self-loading firearm.

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