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EP2424047B1 - Elektrischer Buchsenkontakt, Steckeranordnung und Herstellungsverfahren - Google Patents

Elektrischer Buchsenkontakt, Steckeranordnung und Herstellungsverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2424047B1
EP2424047B1 EP11177337A EP11177337A EP2424047B1 EP 2424047 B1 EP2424047 B1 EP 2424047B1 EP 11177337 A EP11177337 A EP 11177337A EP 11177337 A EP11177337 A EP 11177337A EP 2424047 B1 EP2424047 B1 EP 2424047B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrical contact
diameter
annular groove
connecting end
female electrical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP11177337A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2424047A1 (de
Inventor
Pascal Ribeau
Serge Leroyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Souriau SAS
Original Assignee
Souriau SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Souriau SAS filed Critical Souriau SAS
Publication of EP2424047A1 publication Critical patent/EP2424047A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2424047B1 publication Critical patent/EP2424047B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • H01R13/10—Sockets for co-operation with pins or blades
    • H01R13/11—Resilient sockets
    • H01R13/111—Resilient sockets co-operating with pins having a circular transverse section
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • H01R13/15—Pins, blades or sockets having separate spring member for producing or increasing contact pressure
    • H01R13/18—Pins, blades or sockets having separate spring member for producing or increasing contact pressure with the spring member surrounding the socket
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/46—Bases; Cases
    • H01R13/533—Bases, cases made for use in extreme conditions, e.g. high temperature, radiation, vibration, corrosive environment, pressure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a female electrical contact intended to be provided, around one of its connection ends, with a tightening element able to maintain said connection end in a constrained state in order to reduce its connection diameter. More particularly, the invention relates to a housing formed on the wall of the electrical contact, and for receiving and holding in position said retightening element. The invention also relates to a connector assembly comprising at least one such female electrical contact. The invention also relates to a method for producing such a female electrical contact.
  • connecting elements In the field of connectivity, it is sometimes necessary, especially for aeronautics and automotive applications, to use connecting elements able to maintain their electrical connections in extreme conditions. Indeed, the electrical connections can be subjected to strong vibrations and / or high temperature differentials, tending to deteriorate the electrical connection between two complementary contacts.
  • a connecting end of a female electrical contact, or socket is specifically sized to receive a complementary male or pin contact.
  • the materials used namely copper alloys such as brass or bronze, are chosen for their ability to maintain their mechanical properties in temperature in order to prevent unwanted expansion from eliminating the electrical connection.
  • a female electrical contact, or socket such as a female power contact
  • an annular tightening element in order to tighten the wall of the sleeve around the pin, and thus to favor the maintenance of the electrical connection even in case of strong vibrations and / or temperatures.
  • Such a female electrical contact is for example described in the document US 3,924,922 A .
  • the characteristics of the materials used for this ring-tightening element are such that their elasticity is maintained for temperatures above 200 ° C.
  • the figure 1 shows a partial longitudinal section of such a female electrical contact 1 at the tightened connection end 6.
  • the sleeve 1 comprises a socket body 2 of generally circular cylindrical shape.
  • Longitudinal slots are provided in the socket body, extending along the longitudinal axis A, from the opening 11 of the connecting end 6, and over a partial length of the socket body 2.
  • at least two longitudinal slots are provided on the connecting end 6.
  • connection diameter DA corresponding to the internal diameter at the opening 11 of said end 6, reduced relative to the internal diameter DB of the rest of the body of sleeve 2.
  • the diameter DA is bordered by the inner surface 9 of the wall 5 of the female contact 1.
  • connection diameters DA and DB are determined according to the diameter D of the pin which must be introduced, so as to have DA ⁇ D ⁇ DB.
  • the inner surface 9 of the wall 5 at the connecting end 6 must be contiguous with a pressure on the outer wall of the spindle, and this pressure must be maintained, in order to guarantee the electrical connection between these two elements.
  • the deformation is such that the connecting end 6 has a frustoconical longitudinal section, the internal diameter of the cavity being increasing from the connection diameter DA at the opening 11 to DB at the bottom of the cavity.
  • An annular groove 3 is dug from the outer surface 4 of the wall 5 of the socket body 2 to receive a retightening ring.
  • the groove 3 extends over an entire outer perimeter of the connecting end 6 of the sleeve 1.
  • Stop lips 8 are formed upstream of the groove 3.
  • the groove 3 is bordered upstream by the lips of stop 8, and downstream by the wall 5 of the non-machined socket body 2. Upstream and downstream means in relation to the direction of the connection at the end considered.
  • a bottom 7 of the groove 3 is inclined at an angle X with respect to a longitudinal axis A of the socket body 2, corresponding to the tightening angle applied to the connection end 6 to obtain the connection diameter DA wish.
  • the tightening ring 10 is housed in the groove 3 so as to surround the connection end 6.
  • the tightening ring 10 is conventionally tubular in shape, and has a cross section with respect to the axis A, so that that it does not rest on all its length on the bottom 7 of the throat 3.
  • said tightening ring 10 is slid along the wall 5 of the socket body 2, from the abutment lips 8 bordering the opening 11.
  • the tightening ring 10 must therefore pass above the stop lips 8 before ending in the groove 3.
  • an external diameter D1 of the connection end 6 at the abutment lips 8 is greater than a diameter.
  • internal diameter is meant the diameter measured from the inner surface of the element considered, while the outer diameter corresponds to the diameter measured from the external surface of the considered element.
  • the tightening ring 10 is generally made of material capable of withstanding high temperatures, while retaining its elastic properties thus giving a spring effect.
  • the invention proposes machining at the connection end of interest a groove against undercut, the angle of the undercut corresponding substantially to the tightening angle to obtain the desired reduced diameter at the level of said connection end.
  • the groove is arranged so that its bottom is inclined longitudinally.
  • the bottom of the undercut groove has, before the tightening of the first connection end, a slope relative to the longitudinal axis of the female electrical contact such that the diameter of the front end of the throat against clearance is greater than the diameter of the rear end of said groove against undercut.
  • front and rear, or upstream and downstream are understood in relation to the direction of the connection at the connection end considered.
  • the diameter of the groove is considered at the bottom of said groove.
  • the groove has a cross section, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the contact.
  • An annular tightening element such as a ring, also having a cross section, can then be used optimally, since its entire surface rests evenly on the bottom of the groove.
  • the diameter of the connection end at the abutment lips is reduced compared to the system of the state of the art described above, making less the spacing to be subjected to the tightening element to pass this stop .
  • the subject of the invention is therefore a female electrical contact of generally cylindrical circular shape comprising two connection ends, at least one first connection end having at least two longitudinal slots, said first connection end being able to present two states, respectively state unstressed, wherein said first connection end has a straight longitudinal section, and stressed state, wherein said first connection end has a frustoconical longitudinal section, an annular groove being hollowed from an outer surface of the wall of the female electrical contact, at the level of first connection end, intended to receive a tightening element, characterized in that the annular groove, when the first connection end is in the unconstrained state, has a frustoconical longitudinal section, so that the diameter of a front end of the annular groove is greater than the diameter of an end. rear of said annular groove, and in that the annular groove has, when the first connection end is in the constrained state, a cross section.
  • the unconstrained state is the state in which the contact is before being tightened to have a reduced connection diameter at one of its two connection ends.
  • connection ends When one of the two connection ends is deformed / tightened, to reduce its opening diameter, the rest of the contact body and the second connection end are not deformed and continues to have a circular cylindrical shape.
  • the deformation / constraint is only local.
  • connection diameter is meant the internal diameter of the contact at the connection end considered.
  • reduced diameter it is meant that the diameter in question is smaller than the diameter of the remainder of the cylindrical circular contact.
  • connection end extends over a certain length of the connection end, sufficient to receive a ring-like tightening element, able to maintain a tightening pressure around said connection end and to allow a maintenance of the reduced connection diameter in all circumstances.
  • Length means the dimension extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the element in question.
  • the constrained state is obtained mechanically, by tightening the opening diameter at the connection end. Tightening the connection end tends to bring the bottom of the groove parallel to the longitudinal axis of the contact.
  • the inclination of the groove decreases to be almost zero, given that due to manufacturing constraints, a slight inclination relative to the longitudinal axis, in one direction or the other, may be acceptable.
  • Longitudinal section means a section in a longitudinal plane of the female electrical contact.
  • the annular groove has, in the unconstrained state of the first connection end, a slope having an angle with respect to a longitudinal axis of the female electrical contact substantially equal to a tightening angle to be applied to the first end of the connection to go to the constrained state and get a reduced connection diameter.
  • the female electrical contact may comprise a retightening element disposed in the annular groove, and adapted to maintain the first connection end in the constrained state, said retightening element having a right longitudinal section.
  • the annular retightening element is intended to be mounted on the connection end once it is in the constrained / constricted state.
  • the tightening element must be able to maintain the connection end in the constrained state even when large forces are applied, tending to return said connection end in an unconstrained state.
  • the retightening element has mechanical properties such as elasticity, which make it particularly suitable for operation at temperatures above 200 ° C.
  • the front end of the annular groove is bordered by stop lips.
  • abutment lips may for example be obtained by machining the groove downstream of the opening of the connection end, so that said groove is not open at said opening.
  • the underneath wall of the contact upstream of the groove forms the abutment lips.
  • these stop lips can be attached to the connection end and fixed in particular by welding.
  • the groove is thus bordered by two vertical walls and the outer diameter of the contact at said abutment lips, as well as downstream of the groove, is greater than the external diameter of the contact at the bottom of the groove. Likewise, the external diameter at the level of said abutment lips, and downstream of the groove, is greater than the internal diameter of the retightening element, which ensures once it is in place that the retightening element remains in position in the groove.
  • the tightening element may for example be a split cylindrical circular ring.
  • the slot thus facilitates the passage of the stop lips without exerting too much stress on the ring.
  • the tightening element may otherwise be a cylindrical circular helical spring, the manufacturing cost of such a spring is often less.
  • the invention also relates to a connector assembly comprising an insert provided with at least one through cavity, intended to receive two complementary electrical contacts, said connector assembly comprising at least one female electrical contact, or socket, according to the invention, and at least one a male electrical contact, or pin, complementary, adapted to be inserted in at least one through cavity of the insert.
  • the male and female contacts are each introduced into a cavity of the insert considered, by an opposite end, so that a connection area between the two complementary electrical contacts is located inside said cavity.
  • FIG. 2 On the figure 2 is shown an embodiment of a female electrical contact 100 according to the invention.
  • the female electrical contact 100 comprises a sleeve body 101, generally cylindrical in shape with circular section, or circular cylindrical, hollow.
  • the two ends 102, 103 of the cylinder are open and provide connecting ends, each intended to receive a complementary male electrical contact, or pin, or cable.
  • the connection end 102 for receiving a pin is split longitudinally.
  • the two slots 104 make it easier to tighten said end 102 without overlapping material.
  • a wall 105 of the socket body 101 is hollowed from an outer surface 106, so as to provide an annular groove 107 against undercut.
  • a slotted annular sealing member 108 surrounds an outer perimeter of the socket body 101. The tightening ring 108 is more precisely housed in the annular groove 107, in which it is held in position, in particular by virtue of the stop lips 109.
  • FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C show more precisely the undercut shape of the annular groove 107 ( figure 3A ) in the unconstrained state ( figure 3A ) and the cross-sectional shape of said annular groove 107 in the stressed state ( Figures 3B and 3C ).
  • the annular groove 107 is hollowed out or machined on the socket body 101 at an angle from the external surface 106 of the wall 105, which extends substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis A 'of the socket body 101.
  • an upstream depth p of the annular groove 107 is less than a downstream depth p 'of said groove 107.
  • depth is meant the dimension extending radially with respect to the axis A'.
  • the outer diameter at the upstream level of the annular groove 107 is greater than the outside diameter at the downstream level of the annular groove 107.
  • the bottom 110 of the groove 107 flat, extends along an axis I inclined at an angle X1 with respect to the longitudinal axis A '.
  • An inner diameter D 'of the opening 111 of the connecting end 102 corresponds to the general internal diameter of the socket body 101.
  • the angle X1 is advantageously predetermined as a function of the tightening angle X2 which will then be applied to the connection end 102, so that once the tightening is done, the bottom 110 of the groove 107 extends substantially parallel to the axis A 'of the contact 100.
  • the tightening angle X2 must correspond to the angle to be applied to obtain a reduced connection diameter D "( figure 3B ) adapted to allow the electrical connection with a complementary male contact.
  • the reduced connection diameter D corresponds to the internal diameter of the connection end at the level of the opening 111.
  • the angle X1 is substantially equal to the tightening angle X2.
  • the groove 107 is made at a distance from the opening 111 of the connection end 102, so as to provide stop lips 109 upstream of the groove 107.
  • connection end 102 is then tightened so as to reduce the diameter of the opening 111 until the reduced diameter D "corresponding to the desired diameter is obtained, depending on the dimensions of the pin to be inserted.
  • the wall 105 of the socket body 101 is thus locally inclined by the angle X2, whereas the bottom 110 of the groove 107 is parallel to the axis A.
  • the external diameter at the Annular groove 107 is constant over its entire length.Length means the dimension extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis A '.
  • connection end 102 is frustoconical.
  • the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the connecting end are increasing, from the opening 111 having the reduced inside diameter D ", to a partition wall 112 ( figure 4 ) separating the two connection ends 102, 103.
  • the remainder of the socket body 101, as visible on the figure 2 is not deformed by this step of tightening the connection end 102, whose internal diameter remains equal to the initial diameter D '.
  • the connection end 102 has at the stop lips 109 an outer diameter D1 'greater than the internal diameter D2' of the tightening ring 108.
  • the groove 107 having at this time a cross-section, the external diameter D1 'at the abutment lips of the bushing 100 is strictly smaller than the outside diameter D1 at the abutment lips of a bushing 1 ( figure 1 ) of the state of the art of equivalent dimensions.
  • the difference in diameter between D1 'and D2' is between 0.2mm and 0.8mm, whereas for a sleeve 1 of the state of the art, the difference in diameter between D1 and D2 ( figure 1 ) is rather between 1 mm and 1.2mm.
  • This difference in the differences in diameters makes it possible to prevent the tightening ring 108 from being subjected to constraints such that it changes to a penalizing plastic state. It is therefore possible to use for the tightening ring 108, or generally for the tightening element, less elastic materials such as simple brasses ensuring a better holding of the tightening of the connecting end 102 and so the connection between the socket and the associated pin.
  • the tightening ring 108 is then slid along the outer surface 106 of the wall 105 of the socket body 101 until it is completely contained in the groove 107 ( figure 3C ).
  • the upstream and downstream depths p 'of the groove 107 are sufficient to prevent the involuntary withdrawal of the retightening ring 108.
  • the retightening ring 108 being of cross section, it extends along its entire length parallel to the bottom 110. of the groove 107, so that the stresses exerted by said tightening ring 108 on the connecting end 102 are substantially constant.
  • the figure 4 shows a female electrical contact 100 according to the invention, connected at a connection end 102 with a reduced connection diameter to a complementary male electrical contact 200.
  • the outer diameter D1 'at the stop lips 109 is 6.8mm, while the internal diameter D2' of the retightening element 108 (here a cylindrical circular helical spring) is 6.5 mm.
  • connection end 102 of the female contact 100 is forced into the connection end 102 of the female contact 100, and the retightening element 108 ensures that the reduced connection diameter D "is maintained.

Landscapes

  • Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Kreiszylinderförmige elektrische Steckerhülse (100) mit zwei Verbindungsenden (102, 103), wobei wenigstens ein erstes Verbindungsende wenigstens zwei Längsspalte aufweist, wobei das genannte erste Verbindungsende dafür geeignet ist, zwei Zustände aufzuweisen, beziehungsweise einen nicht-belasteten Zustand, bei dem das genannte erste Verbindungsende eine gerade Längssektion aufweist, und einen belasteten Zustand, bei dem das genannte erste Verbindungsende eine kegelstumpfartige Längssektion aufweist, wobei eine ringförmige Kehle (107) ausgehend von einer externen Oberfläche (106) der Wand (105) der elektrischen Steckerhülse am ersten Verbindungsende zum Aufnehmen eines Festklemmelementes (108) ausgespart wird,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass beim nicht-belasteten Zustand des ersten Verbindungsendes die ringförmige Kehle eine kegelstumpfartige Längssektion aufweist, sodass der Durchmesser eines Vorderendes der ringförmigen Kehle grösser als der Durchmesser eines Rückendes der ringförmigen Kehle ist, und dass beim belasteten Zustand des ersten Verbindungsendes die ringförmige Kehle eine gerade Sektion aufweist.
  2. Elektrische Steckerhülse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass beim nicht-belasteten Zustand des ersten Verbindungsendes die ringförmige Kehle eine Neigung aufweist, die mit einer Längsachse (A') der elektrischen Steckerhülse einen Winkel (X1) bildet, der etwa einem Festklemmwinkel (X2) entspricht, der auf das erste Verbindungsende zum Übergehen zum belasteten Zustand und zur Erreichung eines verkleinerten Verbindungsdurchmessers (D") anzuwenden ist.
  3. Elektrische Steckerhülse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ein Festklemmelement (108) umfasst, das in der ringförmigen Kehle angeordnet, und dafür geeignet ist, das erste Verbindungsende im belasteten Zustand aufrechtzuerhalten, wobei das genannte Festklemmelement eine gerade Sektion aufweist.
  4. Elektrische Steckerhülse nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Festklemmelement einen gespalteten kreiszylindrischen Ring aufweist.
  5. Elektrische Steckerhülse nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Festklemmelement eine kreiszylindrische Schraubenfeder umfasst.
  6. Elektrische Steckerhülse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Vorderende der ringförmige Kehle durch Anschlaglippen (109) begrenzt wird.
  7. Steckereinheit mit einer Einsatz mit wenigstens einem durchgehenden Hohlraum zum Aufnehmen von zwei komplementären elektrischen Steckerelementen, wobei die genannte Steckereinheit wenigstens eine elektrische Steckerhülse (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 und wenigstens einen komplementären elektrischen Steckerstift (200) umfassen, die dafür geeignet sind, wenigstens in einen durchgehenden Hohlraum des Einsatzes eingefügt zu werden.
  8. Verfahren zur Durchführung einer Steckerhülse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, umfassend die folgenden Schritte:
    - die Durchführung einer kreiszylinderförmige Steckerhülse (100) mit einem Verbindungsende (102, 103) an jedem Ende zur Verbindung mit einem komplementären elektrischen Steckerelement oder einem Kabel;
    - die Bearbeitung wenigstens eines Längsspaltes an einem ersten Verbindungsende;
    - die Bearbeitung einer ringförmigen Kehle (107) ausgehend von der externen Oberfläche (106) der Wand (105) der elektrischen Steckerhülse am ersten Verbindungsende (102), damit sich ein Grund (110) der Kehle in der Richtung einer bezogen auf die Längsachse (A') der elektrischen Steckerhülse geneigten Achse (1) erstreckt, sodass der Durchmesser eines Vorderendes der ringförmigen Kehle grösser als der Durchmesser eines Rückendes der genannten ringförmigen Kehle ist;
    - die Festklemmung des ersten Verbindungsendes zur Reduzierung des Verbindungsdurchmessers am genannten ersten Verbindungsende, bis sich der Grund der Kehle in der Richtung einer zur Längsachse der elektrischen Steckerhülse parallelen Achse erstreckt;
    - die Verschiebung eines Festklemmelementes (108) entlang der externen Wand der Steckerhülse, bis es völlig in der ringförmigen Kehle angeordnet wird.
  9. Verfahren zur Durchführung einer Steckerhülse nach Anspruch 8, umfassend den folgenden zusätzlichen Schritt:
    - die Durchführung der Anschlaglippen (109), gleichzeitig wie die Aussparung der Kehle, oberhalb der ringförmigen Kehle, sodass der Durchmesser (D1') der elektrischen Steckerhülse an den genannten Anschlaglippen grösser als der Durchmesser (D2') des Festklemmelements ist.
EP11177337A 2010-08-27 2011-08-11 Elektrischer Buchsenkontakt, Steckeranordnung und Herstellungsverfahren Active EP2424047B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1056810A FR2964260B1 (fr) 2010-08-27 2010-08-27 Contact electrique femelle, ensemble connecteur et procede de realisation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2424047A1 EP2424047A1 (de) 2012-02-29
EP2424047B1 true EP2424047B1 (de) 2013-03-13

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US (1) US8317552B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2424047B1 (de)
FR (1) FR2964260B1 (de)

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CN109047473A (zh) * 2018-07-16 2018-12-21 镇江市华展电子科技有限公司 推入式连接器弹性卡爪及冲压工艺

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FR2964260B1 (fr) 2012-09-14
EP2424047A1 (de) 2012-02-29
FR2964260A1 (fr) 2012-03-02
US8317552B2 (en) 2012-11-27
US20120052750A1 (en) 2012-03-01

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