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EP2404861B1 - Hoist device with position-detectable sensors - Google Patents

Hoist device with position-detectable sensors Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2404861B1
EP2404861B1 EP11008098A EP11008098A EP2404861B1 EP 2404861 B1 EP2404861 B1 EP 2404861B1 EP 11008098 A EP11008098 A EP 11008098A EP 11008098 A EP11008098 A EP 11008098A EP 2404861 B1 EP2404861 B1 EP 2404861B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lifting device
control unit
sensors
hoisting
reading
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP11008098A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2404861A1 (en
Inventor
Erwin Morath
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Liebherr Werk Ehingen GmbH
Original Assignee
Liebherr Werk Ehingen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Liebherr Werk Ehingen GmbH filed Critical Liebherr Werk Ehingen GmbH
Publication of EP2404861A1 publication Critical patent/EP2404861A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2404861B1 publication Critical patent/EP2404861B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/18Control systems or devices
    • B66C13/46Position indicators for suspended loads or for crane elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/18Control systems or devices
    • B66C13/50Applications of limit circuits or of limit-switch arrangements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C15/00Safety gear
    • B66C15/06Arrangements or use of warning devices
    • B66C15/065Arrangements or use of warning devices electrical

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hoisting limit switch for limiting the maximum permitted hoisting height of a hoist rope and further comprising a lifting device, in particular a crane or a crawler crane, with at least two different guide means for guiding at least one hoist rope, wherein at least one winch is provided for driving the at least one hoist rope.
  • Lifting devices in particular cranes, mobile or crawler cranes or tower cranes or crawler cranes, can be configured in different setup variants.
  • a load to be lifted is struck on the hoist rope of a crane or excavator and the hoist rope is guided by a guide means on the boom head up to the drive of the hoist rope in the form of a winch.
  • the hoisting rope can be guided on the roller head itself via the boom or via a boom end attached to the mast nose or at other different locations of a boom extension, such.
  • B. one Folding tip, a rocking tip or a solid tip At each of these points can thus be lifted a load including slings and hook bottle.
  • the actual lifting height of the hoist rope or the load on the respective guide means must be continuously controlled and communicated to a provided for controlling the crane or excavator operation control unit.
  • that arranged on the crane or excavator different guide means should be designed to be used for the simultaneous lifting of one or more loads. Consequently, the safe operation of more than one winch must be monitored.
  • One method for monitoring the lifting height of the hoisting rope provides for the attachment of a so-called hoist limit switch to each individual guide means.
  • the function of a known from the prior art Hubendschalters provides that a weight is longitudinally movably guided on a hoisting rope and is fastened via a connecting means on Hubendschalter. Approaching the lifting means of the hoisting rope inadmissible the boom or boom head, the weight is lifted by the stop means on the hoisting rope and relieves the connecting element of Hubendschalters, whereby the Hubendschalter is triggered and, for example, interrupts the drive of the hoisting rope.
  • the stroke limit switches known from the prior art are designed as reed limit switches, Hall switches, inductive switches or limit switches with mechanical contacts.
  • the switches mentioned are largely based on magnetic principles of action and react sensitive to strong interference, as z. B. could occur in electroplating plants.
  • the control of the lifting device has the task to regulate the actuation of a control element in the form of a Hubendschalters the drives of the associated hoisting rope (winch).
  • a control element in the form of a Hubendschalters the drives of the associated hoisting rope (winch).
  • the controller is no information about which hoist rope is actually guided by which winch at each Hubendschalter. This input must be made by the crane operator prior to crane operation and is therefore subject to error. Only when the crane operator consciously operates only one winch and drives it into the hoist limit switch does the controller know the assignment between winch, hoist rope and hoist limit switch.
  • Current known from the prior art solutions provide that when triggering a Hubendschalters all winds must be stopped simultaneously, regardless of whether they have actually exceeded the maximum lift height of their driven hoist rope.
  • a not belonging to the invention Hubendschalter has to limit the maximum lift height of a hoisting rope on a reading and writing device for reading and writing data, as well as a means from which the operating state of the Hubendschalters by the read and write device can be read.
  • Said means includes information characterizing the operating state of the hoist limit switch.
  • the means may, for example, include information describing a permissible operating state of the hoist limit switch, which presupposes that a load applied to the hoist rope does not exceed a maximum permissible hoisting height. If the maximum permissible lifting height is reached or exceeded, which threatens a destruction of the guide means, the said means indicates an impermissible operating state. If an inadmissible operating state occurs, it is conceivable that certain safety measures are taken by the hoist limit switch.
  • the reading and writing device also offers the possibility of reading data that go beyond the content mentioned above, or to describe the means or other receiving elements with any data. More on the read and write device readable data can z.
  • information about the location of the Hubendschalters include. It is also conceivable that in the assembly of the Hubendschalters by the reading and writing device data in a present on site receiving device are writable, which are essential for a secure functionality of the Hubendschalters.
  • the means comprises two transponders, which transmit the reading and writing device the respective operating state of the hoist limit switch. If the first transponder is positioned in the reading area of the reading and writing device, information is provided which characterizes the permissible operating state of the stroke limit switch. In contrast, a second transponder positioned in the read area of the read and write device causes an impermissible operating state to be read out and predefined measures can be taken by the stroke limit switch. Particularly preferred is either the first or the second transponder or both transponders in the reading area of the reading and writing device, so that a malfunction of the Hubendschalters can be detected as soon as no transponder is detected in the reading area of the reading and writing device.
  • the two transponders are mounted side by side on a movably guided carrier.
  • the carrier is connected via suitable means with the hoisting rope at the place of use, so that via the hoisting rope a mechanical effect on the movably guided carrier can be transmitted, which leads to a displacement of the transponder.
  • the movably guided carrier is preferably positioned in such a way that the first transponder lies in the reading range of the reading and writing device. If the hoisting rope reaches an inadmissible maximum lifting height, the hoisting rope acts on the movably guided carrier in such a way that the carrier is displaced and the second transponder enters the reading area of the reading and writing device.
  • the reading and writing device is designed such that different transponders, which are arranged distributed in several directions, are recognizable and readable and / or writable. Consequently, the reading and writing device has at least two different read and write areas, in the region of which suitable means, in particular transponders, can be read out and written on.
  • the Hubendschalter has a transponder, which is arranged externally in the immediate vicinity of the Hubendschalter and means the read and write device is readable and / or writable. It is conceivable that such an external transponder is already pre-assigned with data that can be read out or written to when the external transponder is introduced into the reading and writing area of the reading and writing device. For example, the external transponder is firmly fixed to a possible deployment position of the Hubendschalters. When mounting the Hubendschalters the externally arranged transponder is placed in the reading and writing area of the reading and writing device, whereby important data for the operation of the Hubendschalters from the externally arranged transponder can be read out.
  • a means for connection to a bus system for the transmission of data is provided on the stroke end switch. Consequently, the Hubendschalter can be used in a system consisting of several individual Hubendschaltern and the respective operating states of the individual Hubendschalter can be sent via the bus system to a central control unit. It is also conceivable that the individual Hubendschaltern information about the operation are supplied via the bus system.
  • the hoisting limit switch has a weight which can be longitudinally movably attached to a hoisting rope of a hoisting device and fastened or fastened by means of a connecting element on the hoisting limit switch.
  • the use of a longitudinally guided weight on the hoist rope is known from the known from the prior art Hubendschalter.
  • the longitudinally movably guided weight on the hoisting cable acts on the means via the connecting means, in particular the two transponders, so that when the weight is relieved, an inadmissible operating state can be read out by the reading and writing device.
  • this has a quick-mounting device. This makes it possible to detachably and particularly flexibly fix the stroke limit switch to the desired site of use.
  • the quick-mounting device is fixed at the place of use or is already integrated in the component at the place of use of a lifting device and the externally arranged transponder is integrated in this. It is conceivable that data are stored within the externally arranged transponder, which contain information about the precise location. In particular, the externally arranged transponder is located within the quick mounting device when mounting the Hubendschalters in the read and write area of the reading and writing device.
  • the fixation of the quick assembly device at the place of use offers a constructive possibility to convert existing cranes.
  • the quick assembly device is already integrated in the component of a corresponding crane.
  • the present invention relates to a lifting device, in particular a crane or a crawler crane, with at least two different guide means for at least one hoist rope for lifting a load, wherein at least one winch is provided for driving the at least one hoist rope.
  • the lifting device has at least one sensor device in the immediate vicinity of one of the at least two guide means, each sensor independently recognizing its mounting position.
  • a load is preferably struck on one side at the end of the hoisting rope or, preferably, the hoisting rope is guided around a diverting pulley on a hooked bottle and fastened to the boom with a lock or the like at the end.
  • the Hubseilantrieb via a winch the hoist rope is optionally performed on one of the guide means on the boom.
  • Conceivable are crane configurations with several winches that drive various guided over each different guide means hoisting ropes.
  • the sensors used monitor at the respective guide means the operating state of the lifting device.
  • the automatic detection of a sensor of its mounting position ensures that a reliable and automatic assignment of the sensor to the respective guide means takes place.
  • Lifting devices known from the prior art on the contrary, assume that the sensor and guide means are assigned manually by the operator of the lifting device. However, this carries a risk potential which is difficult to estimate, which is efficiently solved by the present invention.
  • the sensors are releasably attachable or attached to the respective mounting position.
  • This inventive variant of the lifting device the correct assignment of winch, hoist rope and sensor is much easier. Significant risks that can result from a faulty configuration of the sensors can be kept to a minimum.
  • the sensors are designed such that they detect the Hubseilposition, in particular the exceeding of the maximum lift height of the hoisting rope, on the guide means by measurement.
  • the maximum allowable lifting height of a hoisting rope of the lifting device according to the invention can be monitored and it can optionally be taken at exceeding this height definable measures.
  • it can be detected separately for each individual guide means whether the corresponding guided hoisting rope of the individual guide means has reached a critical maximum lifting height.
  • a control unit is provided in the lifting device, with at least one or all sensors connectable or connected.
  • all or part of the metrologically recorded data of the sensors can be transmitted to the central control unit and evaluated by the latter.
  • the control unit is known, which sensors are positioned on which guide means and are responsible for the monitoring of these.
  • control unit of at least one sensor data such as the serial number of the Hebeboridessbauteils on which the sensor is arranged and / or the current Hubseilposition and / or an attachment position assigned address and / or geometric data of the lifting device component, such as mass and geometric data of the component or the coordinates of the center of gravity, receives.
  • control unit transmits data to the sensors.
  • This data can be z. B. concern the load collective.
  • At least one of the sensors comprises a previously described Hubendschalter.
  • the reading and writing device of the above-described Hubendschalters is thus in constant communication with said control unit of the lifting device.
  • the reading and writing device pursues the task of reading out the current operating state of the stroke limit switch and transmitting it to the control unit.
  • Hubendschalters determine the current mounting position of Hubendschalter and data, such as the serial number of the steel component is attached to the Hubendschalter, the coordinates of the center of gravity, mass and geometric data of the component and a unique assigned to the Hubendschalter address to transmit the control unit, whereby an exact assignment of the Hubendschalters to the guide means, the hoist rope guided over it and the hoist rope driving winch is possible. Furthermore, there is the possibility that data can be written to during the use of the crane in the externally arranged transponder by means of the reading and writing device.
  • the central control unit of the lifting device according to the invention which receives the data of the sensors connected to it, is designed such that the at least one winch can be controlled as a function of the data transmitted to the control unit.
  • the operation of the winch can be deactivated if the sensors detect an exceeding of the maximum permissible lifting height of a hoist rope.
  • control unit is designed in such a way that several winches can be activated separately if necessary.
  • the inventive assignment of the sensors to the respective guide means in case of need that is, when exceeding the maximum allowable height of the hoist rope of a guide means, exactly one winch can be switched off, which is responsible for the operation of said hoist rope.
  • exactly one winch can be switched off, which is responsible for the operation of said hoist rope.
  • not all winds in this case need to be turned off when needed, but it is deliberately exactly one winch off.
  • control unit is designed such that before starting the crane operation by the controller, the individual approach of each occupied and ready-to-use sensor is controllable. This ensures that the control unit is uniquely known which wind meets at which point of a lifting task. This simplifies in particular the separate control of the winches in case of need by the control unit.
  • the individual sensors are in two-way data exchange with the control unit in connection, it is conceivable that a possible defect of a sensor is detectable by the control unit. For example, if a sensor sends erroneous or no information regarding its mounting position, the control unit concludes that the sensor is defective.
  • lifting device according to the invention in particular the sensors for monitoring the guide means, as well as for assembly purposes Lifting work performed by the lifting device according to the invention can be used.
  • the assembly of a lattice boom with the SA-Bock or the derrick boom may be mentioned.
  • FIG. 1 shows the schematic representation of a guide means 31 which is rotatably mounted on the boom 32 of a lifting device.
  • the illustration also shows a hoist rope 30 which is guided over the guide means 31 and is guided over the deflection roller of a hook block, not shown, back to the boom and is secured thereto by means of a lock or the like.
  • the guide means 31 rotates counterclockwise, so that the attached to the hoist rope hook hook and a load hanging thereon is raised. It is important to ensure that the load or the hoist rope 31 arranged hook or the like is not drawn into the guide means 31, which could lead to damage of the guide means 31 or even to the demolition of the hoist rope 30 or the hook bottle.
  • a limit switch 22 is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the guide means 31, which is to ensure that the drive of the hoist rope 30 is stopped when reaching or exceeding a maximum allowable stroke position of the load or hook hook.
  • the stroke limit switch 22 is arranged within a housing 26.
  • a connecting element 21 is connected via the cable 27 hanging with the Hubendschalter 22.
  • the weight 25 completely encloses the hoist rope 30, so that it is longitudinally movably guided on the hoist rope 30.
  • the weight of the weight 25 acts steadily on the Hubendschalter 22 a. If a load or hook block approaches the weight 25 guided on the hoist rope 30 and raises it upward against its weight force, the weight force acting on the hoisting limit switch 22 is relieved or reduced.
  • the changed state is detected by the Hubendschalter 22 and optionally forwarded via a bus system to the control unit of the lifting device.
  • a reading and writing device 20 having a plurality of read and write areas pointing in different directions.
  • a first read and write area of the reading and writing device 20 points in the direction of the movable carrier 23 lying laterally to the left of the reading and writing device 20.
  • the two transponders T1 and T2 are arranged one below the other in the vertical direction the transponder T1 is located above the transponder T2.
  • the transponder T1 or the transponder T2 is located in the reading and writing area of the reading and writing device 20.
  • the connecting element 21 is attached to receive the weight 25 hanging. If the weight force of the weight 25 acts on the stroke limit switch 22 via the connecting element 21, then the carrier 22 is moved downwards along a vertical axis so that the transponder T1 is located in the reading and writing area of the reading and writing device 20. The data stored on the transponder T1 are read out by the device 20. The data stored on the transponder T1 characterize the permissible operating state of the Hubendschalters 22, in which the load fixed to the hoist rope 30 has not yet reached the maximum lift height. Is according to the in FIG. 1 explained operating principle, the weight 25 relieved by the load or hook bottle of the hoisting cable 30, the preferably spring-loaded carrier 23 moves due to the spring restoring force in the vertical direction upwards.
  • FIG. 3 shows the state of the Hubendschalter 22 with the unloaded weight 25.
  • the transponder T2 is in the reading area of the reading and writing device 20. Consequently, the data is read out by the reading and writing device 20 from the transponder T2 and interpreted such that a Inadmissible operating state of Hubendschalters 22 is detected.
  • transponder T3 are attached. These transponders T3 are assigned data that unambiguously define the component 40. For example, these data include information about the serial number of the steel component 40, coordinates of the center of gravity or mass, and geometric data of the component. Likewise, a unique address may be stored on the transponder T3, whereby the transponder T3 is uniquely identifiable.
  • the reading and writing device 20 has the further task of reading the transponder T3 in the reception area.
  • the reader and writer 20 has a plurality of read and write areas directed in different directions. If the Hubendschalter 22 mounted in the immediate vicinity of the transponder T3 on the component 40, whereby the transponder T3 is in a second read and write area, preferably laterally to the right of the Hubendschalter, the read and write device 20, the transponder T3 is recognized and read.
  • the reading of the transponder T3 at the mounting location of the Hubendschalters 22 allows automatic position detection of the Hubendschalters 22.
  • the self-identified position provides the basis for each Hubendschalter 22 uniquely assigned to be checked a guide means, a hoisting rope or a drive winch of the lifting device.
  • the assignment of the Hubendschalters 22 does not have to be manually identified by the operator, but is detected automatically and error-free by Hubendschalter 22 itself.
  • FIG. 4 a further detail view of the Hubendschalters 22 is shown.
  • the Hubendschalter 22 At the lower end of the Hubendschalters 22 is a arranged at the free end of the rope 27 loop-shaped connecting element 21 for attachment of a weight 25.
  • the Hubendschalter 22 In order to transfer the collected data of the reading and writing device 20 to a central control unit, the Hubendschalter 22 has a bus connection 24th on.
  • the limit switch 22 can be connected to a central bus system, which accomplishes the communication between the individual Hubendschaltern 22 within a system or with a control unit.
  • a quick assembly device 50 is given, which are firmly fixed in the immediate vicinity of the guide means on the lifting device.
  • the mentioned quick-mounting device 50 is described in detail in FIG FIG. 5 given.
  • the externally arranged transponder T3 is firmly integrated into the quick-mounting device 50. If the hoisting limit switch 22 is correctly inserted into the quick-mounting device 50, then the transponder T3 is located in the reading and writing area of the reading and writing device 20 of the hoisting limit switch 22 and the data stored on the transponder T3 are read out by the hoisting limit switch 22 and via the bus connection 24 communicated to the central control unit. Similarly, a writing procedure on the transponder T3 is possible to write data during crane operation on the transponder T3. Conceivable here are z. B. all data concerning the load collective.
  • the transponder T3 is fixed in the quick-mounting device 50 FIG. 5 integrated, it must be ensured that the quick-mounting device 50 is fixedly mounted in the required position of a lifting device, so that the data stored on the transponder T3 with respect to the component 40 match.
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows an illustration of a lifting device according to the invention in the form of a mobile crane having an inventive arrangement of sensor devices in the form of the above-described Hubendschalter 22 in the immediate vicinity of the three different guide means on the mobile crane.
  • the mobile crane has three different guide means for guiding a hoist rope 30.
  • the mobile crane consists of a telekopierbaren main boom 7 with a roller head arranged at the top 3. To extend the main boom 7, the boom extension 6 is used with a tiltable tipping tip 5.
  • the rocking tip 5 has the two guide means 1 and 2, via a hoist rope 30 is feasible.
  • sensors are arranged in the immediate vicinity of the guide means 1, 2, 3.
  • the mobile crane provides a bus system which transmits the signals of the individual sensors arranged to a central controller 4. According to the invention, the individual sensors independently recognize their position on the boom system of the mobile crane and communicate it to the central crane control during crane operation.
  • the single start-up of each occupied sensor can be requested by the control unit 4 before the start of the crane work.
  • the controller is clearly known, which winds 8 at which point or guide means 1, 2, 3 complies with a lifting task.
  • the control unit 4 only has to stop the winch 8 responsible for the lifting task.
  • the targeted start of the Hubendschalter 22 is possible and brings beneficial results, however, it is also a separate step, which could also be dispensed with when setting up the crane. If this step is required, then it is efficiently performed directly when erecting the boom 7, since then only a small distance from the respective hoist rope 30 is to be covered until the Hubendschalter 22 switches.
  • the control 4 then monitors, as before, each limit switch 22. If a Hubendschalter 22 is actuated, then checks the controller 4, whether the crane movement is clearly attributable to a winch 8, for example, if only one winch 8 is driven. In this case, the controller also switches off only this one winch 8 and remembers the assignment winch 8 to guide means 31 and end limit switch 22. Thus, the crane learns casually in operation its configuration with a very high degree of security.
  • the mobile crane according to the invention offers the possibility that the sensors are also used in places where lifting work has to be carried out for assembly purposes of the mobile crane.
  • the assembly of the lattice boom with the SA-Bock or the derrick boom may be mentioned.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Hubendschalter zur Begrenzung der maximal zulässigen Hubhöhe eines Hubseils und des Weiteren eine Hebevorrichtung, insbesondere einen Kran oder Seilbagger, mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Führungsmitteln zur Führung mindestens eines Hubseils, wobei mindestens eine Winde zum Antrieb des mindestens einen Hubseils vorgesehen ist.The present invention relates to a hoisting limit switch for limiting the maximum permitted hoisting height of a hoist rope and further comprising a lifting device, in particular a crane or a crawler crane, with at least two different guide means for guiding at least one hoist rope, wherein at least one winch is provided for driving the at least one hoist rope.

Hebevorrichtungen, insbesondere Krane, Mobil- oder Raupenkrane bzw. Turmdrehkrane oder Seilbagger, können in verschiedenen Rüstvarianten konfiguriert werden. Eine anzuhebende Last wird am Hubseil eines Krans bzw. Baggers angeschlagen und wobei das Hubseil durch ein Führungsmittel über den Auslegerkopf bis hin zum Antrieb des Hubseils in Form einer Seilwinde geführt ist. An dieser Stelle bieten sich zahlreiche Variationsmöglichkeiten zur Führung des Hubseils über den Ausleger an. So kann beispielsweise das Hubseil am Rollenkopf selbst über den Ausleger geführt werden oder über eine am Auslegerende befestigte Mastnase bzw. an weiteren verschiedenen Stellen einer Auslegerverlängerung, wie z. B. einer Klappspitze, einer Wippspitze oder einer festen Spitze. An jeder dieser Stellen kann somit eine Last inklusive Anschlagmittel und Hakenflasche angehoben werden.Lifting devices, in particular cranes, mobile or crawler cranes or tower cranes or crawler cranes, can be configured in different setup variants. A load to be lifted is struck on the hoist rope of a crane or excavator and the hoist rope is guided by a guide means on the boom head up to the drive of the hoist rope in the form of a winch. At this point, there are numerous possible variations for guiding the hoist rope over the boom. Thus, for example, the hoisting rope can be guided on the roller head itself via the boom or via a boom end attached to the mast nose or at other different locations of a boom extension, such. B. one Folding tip, a rocking tip or a solid tip. At each of these points can thus be lifted a load including slings and hook bottle.

US 4 471 877 offenbart einen herkömmlichen Kran mit zwei Führungsmitteln. US 4,471,877 discloses a conventional crane with two guide means.

Während des Einziehens des Hubseils durch die jeweilige Seilwinde muss sichergestellt sein, dass die Hubhöhe des Seils derart begrenzt wird, so dass ein am Hubseil angeordneter Kranhaken bzw. eine angeordnete Hakenflasche nicht in die Seilführungsrollen des Führungsmittels hineingezogen wird. Ein Einziehen des Hubseils über die maximal zulässige Hubhöhe hinaus würde zu einer Beschädigung der Seilführungsrollen oder gar zum Abriß des Hubseils bzw. der Hakenflasche führen und folglich zum Abstürzen der Last.During the retraction of the hoisting rope by the respective cable winch must be ensured that the lifting height of the rope is limited so that a crane hook arranged on the hoist rope or a hook hook arranged is not drawn into the rope guide rollers of the guide means. Pulling the hoist rope beyond the maximum permissible lifting height would lead to damage to the rope guide rollers or even to the breakaway of the hoisting rope or hook block and consequently to the fall of the load.

Um die oben genannten Problematik zu verhindern, muss die tatsächliche Hubhöhe des Hubseils bzw. der Last an den jeweiligen Führungsmitteln stetig kontrolliert werden und einer zur Steuerung des Kran bzw. Baggerbetriebs vorgesehenen Steuereinheit mitgeteilt werden. Erschwerend kommt hinzu, dass die am Kran bzw. Bagger angeordneten verschiedenen Führungsmittel auch für das gleichzeitig Heben von einer bzw. mehrerer Lasten einsetzbar gestaltet sein sollen. Folglich muss der sichere Betrieb von mehr als einer Seilwinde überwacht werden.In order to prevent the above-mentioned problem, the actual lifting height of the hoist rope or the load on the respective guide means must be continuously controlled and communicated to a provided for controlling the crane or excavator operation control unit. To make matters worse, that arranged on the crane or excavator different guide means should be designed to be used for the simultaneous lifting of one or more loads. Consequently, the safe operation of more than one winch must be monitored.

Eine Methode zur Überwachung der Hubhöhe des Hubseils sieht die Befestigung eines sogenannten Hubendschalters an jedem einzelnen Führungsmittel vor. Die Funktion eines aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Hubendschalters sieht vor, dass ein Gewicht längsbeweglich auf einem Hubseil geführt wird und über ein Verbindungsmittel am Hubendschalter befestigt wird. Nähern sich die Anschlagmittel des Hubseils unzulässig dem Ausleger bzw. Auslegerkopf, so wird das Gewicht durch das Anschlagmittel am Hubseil angehoben und das Verbindungselement des Hubendschalters entlastet, wodurch der Hubendschalter ausgelöst wird und beispielsweise den Antrieb des Hubseils unterbricht. In der Regel werden die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Hubendschalter als Reedendschalter, Hallschalter, Induktivschalter oder als mechanisch kontaktbehafteter Endschalter ausgeführt. Die genannten Schalter beruhen großteils auf magnetischen Wirkprinzipien und reagieren empfindlich auf starke Störfelder, wie sie z. B. in Galvanikbetrieben auftreten könnten.One method for monitoring the lifting height of the hoisting rope provides for the attachment of a so-called hoist limit switch to each individual guide means. The function of a known from the prior art Hubendschalters provides that a weight is longitudinally movably guided on a hoisting rope and is fastened via a connecting means on Hubendschalter. Approaching the lifting means of the hoisting rope inadmissible the boom or boom head, the weight is lifted by the stop means on the hoisting rope and relieves the connecting element of Hubendschalters, whereby the Hubendschalter is triggered and, for example, interrupts the drive of the hoisting rope. As a rule, the stroke limit switches known from the prior art are designed as reed limit switches, Hall switches, inductive switches or limit switches with mechanical contacts. The switches mentioned are largely based on magnetic principles of action and react sensitive to strong interference, as z. B. could occur in electroplating plants.

Nachteilig an den oben genannten Überwachungssystemen für Hebevorrichtungen ist, dass an jedem Führungsmittel stets ein Überwachungselement in Form eines Hubendschalters fest angeordnet sein muss. Allerdings lassen sich bei derartigen Hebevorrichtungen nur so viele Führungsmittel tatsächlich nutzen, wie Antriebe in Form von Winden vorhanden sind. So bleiben bei einer Hebevorrichtung mit zwei Winden und fünf Führungsmitteln stets drei Überwachungselemente unbenutzt.A disadvantage of the above-mentioned monitoring systems for lifting devices that a monitoring element in the form of a Hubendschalters must be fixed to each guide means always. However, in such lifting devices only as many guide means can actually be used as there are drives in the form of winches. Thus, in a lifting device with two winches and five guide means always three monitoring elements remain unused.

Die Steuerung der Hebevorrichtung hat die Aufgabe, bei Betätigung eines Überwachungselementes in Form eines Hubendschalters die Antriebe des zugehörigen Hubseils (Winde) zu regulieren. Zwar ist der Steuerung die Lage des jeweiligen Hubendschalters eindeutig bekannt, jedoch liegt der Steuerung keine Information darüber vor, welches Hubseil tatsächlich von welcher Winde am jeweiligen Hubendschalter geführt ist. Diese Eingabe muss vor dem Kranbetrieb vom Kranbediener vorgenommen werden und unterliegt somit einer Fehleranfälligkeit. Erst wenn der Kranbediener bewußt nur eine Winde betätigt und diese in den Hubendschalter fährt, dann kennt die Steuerung sicher die Zuordnung zwischen Winde, Hubseil und Hubendschalter. Aktuelle aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Lösungen sehen vor, dass beim Auslösen eines Hubendschalters alle Winden gleichzeitig gestoppt werden müssen, unabhängig davon, ob diese tatsächlich die maximal zulässige Hubhöhe ihres angetriebenen Hubseils überschritten haben.The control of the lifting device has the task to regulate the actuation of a control element in the form of a Hubendschalters the drives of the associated hoisting rope (winch). Although the control of the position of each Hubendschalters is clearly known, but the controller is no information about which hoist rope is actually guided by which winch at each Hubendschalter. This input must be made by the crane operator prior to crane operation and is therefore subject to error. Only when the crane operator consciously operates only one winch and drives it into the hoist limit switch does the controller know the assignment between winch, hoist rope and hoist limit switch. Current known from the prior art solutions provide that when triggering a Hubendschalters all winds must be stopped simultaneously, regardless of whether they have actually exceeded the maximum lift height of their driven hoist rope.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, dem Fachmann eine Hebevorrichtung an die Hand zu geben, die ein verbessertes Überwachungssystem des Hubseils vorsieht.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide the person skilled in the art with a lifting device which provides an improved monitoring system of the hoisting cable.

Die Aufgabe wird durch eine erfindungsgemäße Hebevorrichtung nach den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.The object is achieved by a lifting device according to the invention according to the features of claim 1.

Ein nicht zur Erfindung gehörender Hubendschalter weist zur Begrenzung der maximal zulässigen Hubhöhe eines Hubseils eine Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung zum Lesen und Schreiben von Daten auf, sowie ein Mittel, aus dem der Betriebzustand des Hubendschalters durch das Lese- und Schreibgerät auslesbar ist. Das genannte Mittel beinhaltet Informationen, die den Betriebszustand des Hubendschalters charakterisieren. So kann das Mittel beispielsweise eine Information beinhalten, die einen zulässigen Betriebszustand des Hubendschalters beschreibt, der voraussetzt, dass eine an das Hubseil angeschlagene Last eine maximal zulässige Hubhöhe nicht überschreitet. Wird die maximal zulässige Hubhöhe erreicht bzw. überschritten, wodurch eine Zerstörung des Führungsmittels droht, so zeigt das genannte Mittel einen unzulässigen Betriebszustand an. Bei Eintritt eines unzulässigen Betriebszustands ist es denkbar, dass durch den Hubendschalter bestimmte Schutzmaßnahmen ergriffen werden.A not belonging to the invention Hubendschalter has to limit the maximum lift height of a hoisting rope on a reading and writing device for reading and writing data, as well as a means from which the operating state of the Hubendschalters by the read and write device can be read. Said means includes information characterizing the operating state of the hoist limit switch. Thus, the means may, for example, include information describing a permissible operating state of the hoist limit switch, which presupposes that a load applied to the hoist rope does not exceed a maximum permissible hoisting height. If the maximum permissible lifting height is reached or exceeded, which threatens a destruction of the guide means, the said means indicates an impermissible operating state. If an inadmissible operating state occurs, it is conceivable that certain safety measures are taken by the hoist limit switch.

Darüber hinaus bietet die Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung ebenso die Möglichkeit Daten, die über den oben genannten Inhalt hinaus gehen, auszulesen bzw. das Mittel oder weitere Empfangselemente mit beliebigen Daten zu beschreiben. Weitere über das Lese- und Schreibgerät auslesbare Daten können z. B. Informationen über den Einsatzort des Hubendschalters beinhalten. Auch ist es denkbar, dass bei der Montage des Hubendschalters durch das Lese- und Schreibegerät Daten in eine am Einsatzort vorliegende Empfangseinrichtung schreibbar sind, die für eine sichere Funktionalität des Hubendschalters Grundvoraussetzung sind.In addition, the reading and writing device also offers the possibility of reading data that go beyond the content mentioned above, or to describe the means or other receiving elements with any data. More on the read and write device readable data can z. B. information about the location of the Hubendschalters include. It is also conceivable that in the assembly of the Hubendschalters by the reading and writing device data in a present on site receiving device are writable, which are essential for a secure functionality of the Hubendschalters.

Vorteilhafterweise umfasst das Mittel zwei Transponder, die der Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung den jeweiligen Betriebszustand des Hubendschalters übermitteln. Ist der erste Transponder im Lesebereich der Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung positioniert, so werden Informationen zur Verfügung gestellt, die den zulässigen Betriebszustand des Hubendschalters charakterisieren. Im Gegensatz dazu führt ein im Lesebereich der Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung positionierter zweiter Transponder dazu, dass ein unzulässiger Betriebszustand ausgelesen wird und vordefinierte Maßnahmen vom Hubendschalter ergriffen werden können. Besonders bevorzugt befindet sich entweder der erste oder der zweite Transponder oder beide Transponder im Lesebereich der Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung, so dass eine Fehlfunktion des Hubendschalters erkannt werden kann, sobald kein Transponder im Lesebereich der Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung detektiert wird. Dies ist beispielweise bei einer fehlerhaften Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung der Fall. Somit ist auch ein Ausfall der Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung detektierbar. Befinden sich beide Transponder im Lese- und Schreibbereich der Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung, symbolisiert dies genau den Zustand des Übergangs zwischen zulässigen und unzulässigen Betriebszustand. Somit lassen sich besonders früh Zustandsübergänge erkennen und Maßnahmen ergreifen. Nur eine Lösung mit Transpondern, insbesondere zwei Transpondern, kann das hohe Maß an Sicherheit des Hubendschalters gewährleisten.Advantageously, the means comprises two transponders, which transmit the reading and writing device the respective operating state of the hoist limit switch. If the first transponder is positioned in the reading area of the reading and writing device, information is provided which characterizes the permissible operating state of the stroke limit switch. In contrast, a second transponder positioned in the read area of the read and write device causes an impermissible operating state to be read out and predefined measures can be taken by the stroke limit switch. Particularly preferred is either the first or the second transponder or both transponders in the reading area of the reading and writing device, so that a malfunction of the Hubendschalters can be detected as soon as no transponder is detected in the reading area of the reading and writing device. This is the case, for example, with a faulty reading and writing device. Thus, a failure of the reading and writing device is detectable. If both transponders are located in the reading and writing area of the reading and writing device, this symbolizes exactly the state of the transition between permissible and impermissible operating state. Thus, state transitions can be detected and measures taken at a very early stage. Only a solution with transponders, especially two transponders, can ensure the high level of security of the hoist limit switch.

In vorteilhafter Weise sind die beiden Transponder nebeneinander auf einem beweglich geführten Träger befestigt. Der Träger ist über geeignete Mittel mit dem Hubseil am Einsatzort verbunden, so dass über das Hubseil eine mechanische Wirkung auf den beweglich geführten Träger übertragbar ist, was zu einer Verschiebung der Transponder führt. Bevorzugt ist der beweglich geführte Träger im zulässigen Betriebszustand derart positioniert, so dass der erste Transponder im Lesebereich der Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung liegt. Erreicht das Hubseil eine unzulässige maximale Hubhöhe, so wirkt das Hubseil auf den beweglich geführten Träger derart ein, so dass der Träger verschoben und der zweite Transponder in den Lesebereich der Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung eintritt.Advantageously, the two transponders are mounted side by side on a movably guided carrier. The carrier is connected via suitable means with the hoisting rope at the place of use, so that via the hoisting rope a mechanical effect on the movably guided carrier can be transmitted, which leads to a displacement of the transponder. In the permissible operating state, the movably guided carrier is preferably positioned in such a way that the first transponder lies in the reading range of the reading and writing device. If the hoisting rope reaches an inadmissible maximum lifting height, the hoisting rope acts on the movably guided carrier in such a way that the carrier is displaced and the second transponder enters the reading area of the reading and writing device.

Es kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung derart ausgeführt ist, so dass verschiedene Transponder, die in mehrere Richtungen verteilt angeordnet sind, erkennbar und auslesbar und/oder beschreibbar sind. Folglich weist die Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung mindestens zwei verschiedene Lese- und Schreibbereiche auf, in deren Bereich geeignete Mittel, insbesondere Transponder, auslesbar und beschreibbar sind.It may be provided that the reading and writing device is designed such that different transponders, which are arranged distributed in several directions, are recognizable and readable and / or writable. Consequently, the reading and writing device has at least two different read and write areas, in the region of which suitable means, in particular transponders, can be read out and written on.

Besonders zweckmäßig ist, dass der Hubendschalter einen Transponder aufweist, der extern in unmittelbarer Nähe zum Hubendschalter angeordnet ist und mittels des Lese- und Schreibgerätes auslesbar und/oder beschreibbar ist. Denkbar ist, dass ein derartiger externer Transponder bereits mit Daten vorbelegt ist, die bei Einbringung des externen Transponders in den Lese- und Schreibbereich der Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung von dieser auslesbar bzw. beschreibbar sind. Beispielsweise wird der externe Transponder fest an einer möglichen Einsatzposition des Hubendschalters fixiert. Bei der Montage des Hubendschalters wird der extern angeordnete Transponder in den Lese- und Schreibbereich der Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung gebracht, wodurch wichtige Daten zum Betrieb des Hubendschalters aus dem extern angeordneten Transponder auslesbar sind.It is particularly expedient that the Hubendschalter has a transponder, which is arranged externally in the immediate vicinity of the Hubendschalter and means the read and write device is readable and / or writable. It is conceivable that such an external transponder is already pre-assigned with data that can be read out or written to when the external transponder is introduced into the reading and writing area of the reading and writing device. For example, the external transponder is firmly fixed to a possible deployment position of the Hubendschalters. When mounting the Hubendschalters the externally arranged transponder is placed in the reading and writing area of the reading and writing device, whereby important data for the operation of the Hubendschalters from the externally arranged transponder can be read out.

Vorteilhafterweise ist am Hubendschalter ein Mittel zum Anschluß an ein Bussystem zur Übermittlung von Daten vorgesehen. Folglich ist der Hubendschalter in einem System bestehend aus mehreren einzelnen Hubendschaltern einsetzbar und die jeweiligen Betriebszustände der einzelnen Hubendschalter können über das Bussystem an eine zentrale Steuerungseinheit gesendet werden. Denkbar ist auch, dass über das Bussystem den einzelnen Hubendschaltern Informationen zum Betrieb zugeführt sind.Advantageously, a means for connection to a bus system for the transmission of data is provided on the stroke end switch. Consequently, the Hubendschalter can be used in a system consisting of several individual Hubendschaltern and the respective operating states of the individual Hubendschalter can be sent via the bus system to a central control unit. It is also conceivable that the individual Hubendschaltern information about the operation are supplied via the bus system.

Möglich ist auch, dass Informationen über die präzise Einbauposition des Hubendschalters einer Hebevorrichtung übertragbar sind.It is also possible that information about the precise position of the Hubendschalters a lifting device are transferable.

Um die zulässige maximale Hubhöhe eines Hubseils zu messen, ist vorgesehen, dass der Hubendschalter ein Gewicht aufweist, welches an einem Hubseil einer Hebevorrichtung längsbeweglich anbringbar ist und mittels eines Verbindungselementes am Hubendschalter befestigt bzw. befestigbar ist. Der Einsatz eines längsgeführten Gewichtes am Hubseil ist durch die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Hubendschalter bekannt. Bei dem vorliegenden Hubendschalter wirkt das am Hubseil längsbeweglich geführte Gewicht über das Verbindungsmittel derart auf das Mittel, insbesondere die beiden Transponder ein, so dass bei Entlastung des Gewichts ein unzulässiger Betriebszustand durch die Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung auslesbar ist.In order to measure the permissible maximum lifting height of a hoisting rope, it is provided that the hoisting limit switch has a weight which can be longitudinally movably attached to a hoisting rope of a hoisting device and fastened or fastened by means of a connecting element on the hoisting limit switch. The use of a longitudinally guided weight on the hoist rope is known from the known from the prior art Hubendschalter. In the present stroke limit switch, the longitudinally movably guided weight on the hoisting cable acts on the means via the connecting means, in particular the two transponders, so that when the weight is relieved, an inadmissible operating state can be read out by the reading and writing device.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Hubendschalters weist dieser eine Schnellmontagevorrichtung auf. Diese ermöglicht es, den Hubendschalter lösbar und besonders flexibel an dem gewünschten Einsatzort zu befestigten.In a preferred embodiment of the Hubendschalters this has a quick-mounting device. This makes it possible to detachably and particularly flexibly fix the stroke limit switch to the desired site of use.

Denkbar ist, dass die Schnellmontagevorrichtung fest am Einsatzort fixiert ist oder bereits im Bauteil am Einsatzort einer Hebevorrichtung integriert ist und der extern angeordnete Transponder in dieser integriert ist. Dabei ist vorstellbar, dass innerhalb des extern angeordneten Transponders Daten abgelegt sind, die Informationen über den präzisen Einsatzort beinhalten. Insbesondere liegt der extern angeordnete Transponder innerhalb der Schnellmontagevorrichtung bei Montage des Hubendschalters im Lese- und Schreibbereich der Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung. Die Fixierung der Schnellmontagevorrichtung am Einsatzort bietet eine konstruktive Möglichkeit vorhandene Krane umzurüsten. Bevorzugt ist die Schnellmontagevorrichtung bereits im Bauteil eines entsprechenden Krans integriert.It is conceivable that the quick-mounting device is fixed at the place of use or is already integrated in the component at the place of use of a lifting device and the externally arranged transponder is integrated in this. It is conceivable that data are stored within the externally arranged transponder, which contain information about the precise location. In particular, the externally arranged transponder is located within the quick mounting device when mounting the Hubendschalters in the read and write area of the reading and writing device. The fixation of the quick assembly device at the place of use offers a constructive possibility to convert existing cranes. Preferably, the quick assembly device is already integrated in the component of a corresponding crane.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Hebevorrichtung, insbesondere einen Kran oder Seilbagger, mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Führungsmitteln für mindestens ein Hubseil zum Anheben einer Last, wobei mindestens eine Winde zum Antrieb des mindestens einen Hubseils vorgesehen ist. Erfindungsgemäß weist die Hebevorrichtung mindestens eine Sensorvorrichtung in unmittelbarer Umgebung zu jeweils einem der mindestens zwei Führungsmittel auf, wobei jeder Sensor seine Anbringungsposition selbstständig erkennt. Während der Kranarbeiten ist vorzugsweise einseitig am Ende des Hubseils eine Last angeschlagen oder bevorzugt ist das Hubseil um eine Umlenkrolle an einer Hakenflasche gelenkt und endseitig am Ausleger mit einem Schloß oder dergleichen befestigt. Der Hubseilantrieb erfolgt über eine Seilwinde, wobei das Hubseil wahlweise über eines der Führungsmittel über den Ausleger geführt ist. Denkbar sind Krankonfigurationen mit mehreren Seilwinden, die diverse über jeweils unterschiedliche Führungsmittel geführte Hubseile antreiben.The present invention relates to a lifting device, in particular a crane or a crawler crane, with at least two different guide means for at least one hoist rope for lifting a load, wherein at least one winch is provided for driving the at least one hoist rope. According to the invention, the lifting device has at least one sensor device in the immediate vicinity of one of the at least two guide means, each sensor independently recognizing its mounting position. During crane work, a load is preferably struck on one side at the end of the hoisting rope or, preferably, the hoisting rope is guided around a diverting pulley on a hooked bottle and fastened to the boom with a lock or the like at the end. The Hubseilantrieb via a winch, the hoist rope is optionally performed on one of the guide means on the boom. Conceivable are crane configurations with several winches that drive various guided over each different guide means hoisting ropes.

Die eingesetzten Sensoren überwachen an den jeweiligen Führungsmitteln den Betriebszustand der Hebevorrichtung. Durch die automatische Erkennung eines Sensors seiner Anbringungsposition ist sichergestellt, dass eine zuverlässige und automatische Zuordnung des Sensors zu dem jeweiligen Führungsmittel erfolgt. Aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Hebevorrichtungen setzen im Gegensatz dazu voraus, dass eine Zuordnung von Sensor und Führungsmittel manuell durch den Operator der Hebevorrichtung erfolgt. Dies birgt jedoch ein schwer einzuschätzendes Risikopotential, das effizient durch die vorliegende Erfindung gelöst ist.The sensors used monitor at the respective guide means the operating state of the lifting device. The automatic detection of a sensor of its mounting position ensures that a reliable and automatic assignment of the sensor to the respective guide means takes place. Lifting devices known from the prior art, on the contrary, assume that the sensor and guide means are assigned manually by the operator of the lifting device. However, this carries a risk potential which is difficult to estimate, which is efficiently solved by the present invention.

Besonders bevorzugt sind die Sensoren lösbar an der jeweiligen Anbringungsposition anbringbar bzw. angebracht. Dies bietet den Vorteil, dass Sensoren nur an diesen Führungsmitteln angebracht werden müssen, die tatsächlich während des Kranbetriebs benötigt werden. Durch die automatische Erkennung der eigenen Position kann der Sensor wahlweise an einem der vorhandenen Führungsmittel der Hebevorrichtung positioniert werden, wobei die Zuordnung zum Führungsmittel auf Grund der Positionserkennung des Sensors selbständig erfolgt. Durch diese erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsvariante der Hebevorrichtung wird die korrekte Zuordnung von Winde, Hubseil und Sensor wesentlich vereinfacht. Nennenswerte Risiken, die aus einer fehlerhaften Konfiguration der Sensoren resultieren können, lassen sich auf ein Minimum begrenzen.Particularly preferably, the sensors are releasably attachable or attached to the respective mounting position. This offers the advantage that sensors need only be attached to these guide means, which are actually needed during crane operation. Due to the automatic detection of the own position, the sensor can be selectively positioned on one of the existing guide means of the lifting device, wherein the assignment to the guide means is independent due to the position detection of the sensor. This inventive variant of the lifting device, the correct assignment of winch, hoist rope and sensor is much easier. Significant risks that can result from a faulty configuration of the sensors can be kept to a minimum.

Zweckmäßig ist, dass die Sensoren derart ausgelegt sind, dass sie die Hubseilposition, insbesondere das Überschreiten der maximal zulässigen Hubhöhe des Hubseils, am Führungsmittel messtechnisch erfassen. Damit ist die maximal zulässige Hubhöhe eines Hubseils der erfindungsgemäßen Hebevorrichtung überwachbar und es können gegebenenfalls bei Überschreitung dieser Höhe definierbare Maßnahmen getroffen werden. Ferner lässt sich getrennt für jedes einzelne Führungsmittel detektieren, ob das entsprechende geführte Hubseil des einzelnen Führungsmittels eine kritische maximale Hubhöhe erreicht hat.It is expedient that the sensors are designed such that they detect the Hubseilposition, in particular the exceeding of the maximum lift height of the hoisting rope, on the guide means by measurement. Thus, the maximum allowable lifting height of a hoisting rope of the lifting device according to the invention can be monitored and it can optionally be taken at exceeding this height definable measures. Furthermore, it can be detected separately for each individual guide means whether the corresponding guided hoisting rope of the individual guide means has reached a critical maximum lifting height.

In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist eine Steuereinheit in der Hebevorrichtung vorgesehen, die mit mindestens einem bzw. allen Sensoren verbindbar bzw. verbunden ist. Hierdurch sind alle bzw. ein Teil der messtechnisch erfaßten Daten der Sensoren an die zentrale Steuereinheit übertragbar und von dieser auswertbar. Erfindungsgemäß ist der Steuereinheit bekannt, welche Sensoren an welchen Führungsmitteln positioniert sind und für die Überwachung dieser verantwortlich sind.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, a control unit is provided in the lifting device, with at least one or all sensors connectable or connected. As a result, all or part of the metrologically recorded data of the sensors can be transmitted to the central control unit and evaluated by the latter. According to the control unit is known, which sensors are positioned on which guide means and are responsible for the monitoring of these.

Denkbar ist, dass die Steuereinheit von mindestens einem Sensor Daten wie die Seriennummer des Hebevorrichtungsbauteils an dem der Sensor angeordnet ist und/oder die aktuelle Hubseilposition und/oder eine der Anbringungsposition zugewiesene Adresse und/oder Geometriedaten des Hebevorrichtungsbauteils, wie Masse und geometrische Daten des Bauteils oder auch die Koordinaten des Schwerpunkts, empfängt.It is conceivable that the control unit of at least one sensor data such as the serial number of the Hebeborrichtungsbauteils on which the sensor is arranged and / or the current Hubseilposition and / or an attachment position assigned address and / or geometric data of the lifting device component, such as mass and geometric data of the component or the coordinates of the center of gravity, receives.

Ebenso ist es möglich, dass die Steuereinheit Daten an die Sensoren übermittelt. Diese Daten können z. B. das Lastkollektiv betreffen.It is also possible that the control unit transmits data to the sensors. This data can be z. B. concern the load collective.

Zweckmäßig ist, dass wenigstens einer der Sensoren einen zuvor beschriebenen Hubendschalter umfasst. Die Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung des zuvor beschriebenen Hubendschalters steht damit in stetiger Kommunikation mit der genannten Steuereinheit der Hebevorrichtung. Die Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung verfolgt zum einen die Aufgabe, den aktuellen Betriebszustand des Hubendschalters auszulesen und an die Steuereinheit zu übermitteln. Zum anderen fällt in den Aufgabenbereich des Hubendschalters, die aktuelle Anbringungsposition des Hubendschalters zu bestimmen und Daten, wie die Seriennummer des Stahlbauteils an dem der Hubendschalter befestigt ist, die Koordinaten des Schwerpunkts, Masse und geometrische Daten des Bauteils und eine eindeutige dem Hubendschalter zugeteilte Adresse an die Steuereinheit zu übermitteln, wodurch eine exakte Zuordnung des Hubendschalters zum Führungsmittel, des darüber geführten Hubseils und der das Hubseil antreibenden Winde möglich ist. Weiterhin besteht die Möglichkeit, dass Daten während des Kraneinsatzes in den extern angeordneten Transponder mittels der Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung schreibbar sind.It is expedient that at least one of the sensors comprises a previously described Hubendschalter. The reading and writing device of the above-described Hubendschalters is thus in constant communication with said control unit of the lifting device. On the one hand, the reading and writing device pursues the task of reading out the current operating state of the stroke limit switch and transmitting it to the control unit. On the other falls in the scope of the Hubendschalters to determine the current mounting position of Hubendschalter and data, such as the serial number of the steel component is attached to the Hubendschalter, the coordinates of the center of gravity, mass and geometric data of the component and a unique assigned to the Hubendschalter address to transmit the control unit, whereby an exact assignment of the Hubendschalters to the guide means, the hoist rope guided over it and the hoist rope driving winch is possible. Furthermore, there is the possibility that data can be written to during the use of the crane in the externally arranged transponder by means of the reading and writing device.

Die zentrale Steuereinheit der erfindungsgemäßen Hebevorrichtung, welche die Daten der mit ihr verbundenen Sensoren erhält, ist derart ausgeführt, so dass die mindestens eine Winde in Abhängigkeit der an die Steuereinheit übermittelten Daten ansteuerbar ist. So ist beispielsweise der Betrieb der Winde deaktivierbar, falls die Sensoren eine Überschreitung der maximal zulässigen Hubhöhe eines Hubseils detektieren.The central control unit of the lifting device according to the invention, which receives the data of the sensors connected to it, is designed such that the at least one winch can be controlled as a function of the data transmitted to the control unit. Thus, for example, the operation of the winch can be deactivated if the sensors detect an exceeding of the maximum permissible lifting height of a hoist rope.

Besonders zweckmäßig ist, dass die Steuereinheit derart ausgeführt ist, so dass mehrere Winden im Bedarfsfall separat ansteuerbar sind. So ist aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen Zuordnung der Sensoren zu dem jeweiligen Führungsmittel im Bedarfsfall, das heißt bei Überschreitung der maximal zulässigen Höhe des Hubseils eines Führungsmittels, genau eine Winde abschaltbar, die für den Betrieb des genannten Hubseils verantwortlich ist. Im Gegensatz zu den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Ausführungsvarianten einer Hebevorrichtung müssen hierbei nicht sämtliche Winden im Bedarfsfall abgeschaltet werden, sondern es ist gezielt genau eine Winde abschaltbar.It is particularly expedient that the control unit is designed in such a way that several winches can be activated separately if necessary. Thus, due to the inventive assignment of the sensors to the respective guide means in case of need, that is, when exceeding the maximum allowable height of the hoist rope of a guide means, exactly one winch can be switched off, which is responsible for the operation of said hoist rope. In contrast to the known from the prior art embodiments of a lifting device not all winds in this case need to be turned off when needed, but it is deliberately exactly one winch off.

Um noch größere Sicherheit zu erreichen, ist es zweckdienlich, dass die Steuereinheit derart ausgeführt ist, dass vor Beginn des Kranbetriebs von der Steuerung das einzelne Anfahren von jedem belegten und einsatzbereiten Sensor steuerbar ist. Somit ist gewährleistet, dass der Steuereinheit eindeutig bekannt ist, welche Winde an welcher Stelle einer Hubaufgabe nachkommt. Dies vereinfacht insbesondere die separate Ansteuerung der Winden im Bedarfsfall durch die Steuereinheit.In order to achieve even greater safety, it is expedient that the control unit is designed such that before starting the crane operation by the controller, the individual approach of each occupied and ready-to-use sensor is controllable. This ensures that the control unit is uniquely known which wind meets at which point of a lifting task. This simplifies in particular the separate control of the winches in case of need by the control unit.

Da die einzelnen Sensoren im zweiseitigen Datenaustausch mit der Steuereinheit in Verbindung stehen, ist es denkbar, dass durch die Steuereinheit ein möglicher Defekt eines Sensors detektierbar ist. Sendet beispielsweise ein Sensor fehlerhafte oder keine Angaben bezüglich seiner Anbringungsposition, so schließt die Steuereinheit auf einen Defekt des Sensors.Since the individual sensors are in two-way data exchange with the control unit in connection, it is conceivable that a possible defect of a sensor is detectable by the control unit. For example, if a sensor sends erroneous or no information regarding its mounting position, the control unit concludes that the sensor is defective.

Möglich ist auch, dass die erfindungsgemäße Hebevorrichtung, insbesondere die Sensoren zur Überwachung der Führungsmittel, ebenso während den zu Montagezwecken der erfindungsgemäßen Hebevorrichtung durchgeführten Hubarbeiten einsetzbar sind. Als Beispiel sei die Montage eines Gitterauslegers mit dem SA-Bock oder dem Derrickausleger genannt.It is also possible that the lifting device according to the invention, in particular the sensors for monitoring the guide means, as well as for assembly purposes Lifting work performed by the lifting device according to the invention can be used. As an example, the assembly of a lattice boom with the SA-Bock or the derrick boom may be mentioned.

Die vorliegende Erfindung soll nun anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen:

Figur 1:
eine Detailansicht einer Hebevorrichtung mit einem daran angeordneten nicht erfindungsgemäßen Hubendschalter,
Figur 2:
eine schematische Darstellung des nicht erfindungsgemäßen Hubendschalters im zulässigen Betriebszustand,
Figur 3:
eine schematische Darstellung des nicht erfindungsgemäßen Hubendschalters im unzulässigen Betriebszustand,
Figur 4:
eine Seitenansicht des nicht erfindungsgemäßen Hubendschalters,
Figur 5:
eine Schnellwechselhalterung für den nicht erfindungsgemäßen Hubendschalter aus Figur 4 und
Figur 6:
eine erfindungsgemäße Hebevorrichtung in Form eines Mobilkrans.
The present invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to drawings. Show it:
FIG. 1:
a detailed view of a lifting device with a non-inventive Hubendschalter arranged thereon,
FIG. 2:
a schematic representation of the non-inventive Hubendschalters in the permitted operating condition,
FIG. 3:
a schematic representation of the non-inventive Hubendschalters in impermissible operating condition,
FIG. 4:
a side view of not Hubendschalters invention,
FIG. 5:
a quick-change holder for the non-inventive stroke limit from FIG. 4 and
FIG. 6:
a lifting device according to the invention in the form of a mobile crane.

Figur 1 zeigt die schematische Darstellung eines Führungsmittels 31, das am Ausleger 32 einer Hebevorrichtung drehbar angeordnet ist. Die Darstellung zeigt weiterhin ein Hubseil 30 das über das Führungsmittel 31 geführt ist und über die Umlenkrolle einer nicht dargestellten Hakenflasche zurück an den Ausleger geführt ist und an diesem mittels Schloß oder dergleichen befestigt ist. Beim Einziehen des Hubseils 30 dreht sich das Führungsmittel 31 gegen den Uhrzeigersinn, so dass die am Hubseil befestigte Hakenflasche und eine daran hängende Last angehoben wird. Dabei ist darauf zu achten, dass die Last bzw. die am Hubseil 31 angeordnete Hakenflasche oder dergleichen nicht in das Führungsmittel 31 hineingezogen wird, was zu Beschädigungen des Führungsmittels 31 oder gar zum Abriß des Hubseils 30 bzw. der Hakenflasche führen könnte. Zur Vermeidung dieser Risiken wird in unmittelbarer Nähe zum Führungsmittel 31 ein Hubendschalter 22 angeordnet, der gewährleisten soll, dass der Antrieb des Hubseils 30 bei Erreichen oder Überschreiten einer maximal zulässigen Hubposition der Last bzw. der Hakenflasche gestoppt wird. FIG. 1 shows the schematic representation of a guide means 31 which is rotatably mounted on the boom 32 of a lifting device. The illustration also shows a hoist rope 30 which is guided over the guide means 31 and is guided over the deflection roller of a hook block, not shown, back to the boom and is secured thereto by means of a lock or the like. When pulling the hoist rope 30, the guide means 31 rotates counterclockwise, so that the attached to the hoist rope hook hook and a load hanging thereon is raised. It is important to ensure that the load or the hoist rope 31 arranged hook or the like is not drawn into the guide means 31, which could lead to damage of the guide means 31 or even to the demolition of the hoist rope 30 or the hook bottle. To avoid these risks, a limit switch 22 is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the guide means 31, which is to ensure that the drive of the hoist rope 30 is stopped when reaching or exceeding a maximum allowable stroke position of the load or hook hook.

Im Weiteren soll kurz anhand von Figur 1 auf die Funktionsweise des Hubendschalters 22 eingegangen werden. Der Hubendschalter 22 ist innerhalb eines Gehäuses 26 angeordnet. Ein Verbindungselement 21 ist über das Seil 27 hängend mit dem Hubendschalter 22 verbunden. Am Verbindungselement 21 selbst ist ein Gewicht 25 eingehängt. Das Gewicht 25 umschließt vollständig das Hubseil 30, so dass es längsbeweglich auf dem Hubseil 30 geführt ist. Während des Betriebs wirkt die Gewichtskraft des Gewichts 25 stetig auf den Hubendschalter 22 ein. Nähert sich eine Last bzw. Hakenflasche dem auf dem Hubseil 30 geführten Gewicht 25 an und hebt dieses entgegen seiner Gewichtskraft nach oben an, so wird die auf den Hubendschalter 22 einwirkende Gewichtskraft entlastet bzw. reduziert. Der veränderte Zustand wird von dem Hubendschalter 22 detektiert und gegebenenfalls über ein Bussystem an die Steuereinheit der Hebevorrichtung weitergeleitet.In the following should be briefly based on FIG. 1 on the operation of the Hubendschalters 22 will be discussed. The stroke limit switch 22 is arranged within a housing 26. A connecting element 21 is connected via the cable 27 hanging with the Hubendschalter 22. On the connecting element 21 itself, a weight 25 is mounted. The weight 25 completely encloses the hoist rope 30, so that it is longitudinally movably guided on the hoist rope 30. During operation, the weight of the weight 25 acts steadily on the Hubendschalter 22 a. If a load or hook block approaches the weight 25 guided on the hoist rope 30 and raises it upward against its weight force, the weight force acting on the hoisting limit switch 22 is relieved or reduced. The changed state is detected by the Hubendschalter 22 and optionally forwarded via a bus system to the control unit of the lifting device.

Anhand von Figur 2 soll nun kurz der schematische Aufbau des Hubendschalters 22 näher beschrieben werden. Innerhalb dem Gehäuse 26 des Hubendschalters 22 befindet sich eine Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung 20, die mehrere Lese- und Schreibbereiche aufweist, welche in verschiedene Richtungen zeigen. Ein erster Lese- und Schreibbereich der Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung 20 zeigt in Richtung des seitlich links neben der Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung 20 liegenden beweglichen Trägers 23. Auf dem beweglich geführten Träger 23 sind in vertikaler Richtung untereinander die beiden Transponder T1 und T2 angeordnet, wobei sich der Transponder T1 oberhalb des Transponders T2 befindet. Durch Bewegung des beweglichen Trägers 23 entlang einer vertikal stehenden Achse befindet sich entweder der Transponder T1 oder der Transponder T2 im Lese- und Schreibbereich der Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung 20. Am unteren Ende des Trägers 23 ist das Seil 27 angeordnet, an dessen freien Ende das Verbindungselement 21 zur Aufnahme des Gewichts 25 hängend befestigt ist. Wirkt die Gewichtskraft des Gewichts 25 über das Verbindungselement 21 auf den Hubendschalter 22 ein, so wird der Träger 22 entlang einer vertikal stehenden Achse nach unten bewegt, so dass sich der Transponder T1 im Lese- und Schreibbereich der Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung 20 befindet. Die auf dem Transponder T1 gespeicherten Daten werden von der Vorrichtung 20 ausgelesen. Die auf dem Transponder T1 gespeicherten Daten charakterisieren dabei den zulässigen Betriebszustand des Hubendschalters 22, in dem die am Hubseil 30 befestigte Last die maximal zulässige Hubhöhe noch nicht erreicht hat. Wird entsprechend dem in Figur 1 erläuterten Funktionsprinzip das Gewicht 25 durch die Last- bzw. Hakenflasche des Hubseils 30 entlastet, verschiebt sich der vorzugsweise federbelastet gelagerte Träger 23 auf Grund der Federrückstellkraft in vertikaler Richtung nach oben.Based on FIG. 2 Let now briefly the schematic structure of the Hubendschalters 22 will be described in more detail. Within the housing 26 of the stroke limit switch 22 is a reading and writing device 20 having a plurality of read and write areas pointing in different directions. A first read and write area of the reading and writing device 20 points in the direction of the movable carrier 23 lying laterally to the left of the reading and writing device 20. On the movably guided carrier 23, the two transponders T1 and T2 are arranged one below the other in the vertical direction the transponder T1 is located above the transponder T2. By moving the movable carrier 23 along a vertical axis, either the transponder T1 or the transponder T2 is located in the reading and writing area of the reading and writing device 20. At the lower end of the carrier 23 is the rope 27, at the free end, the connecting element 21 is attached to receive the weight 25 hanging. If the weight force of the weight 25 acts on the stroke limit switch 22 via the connecting element 21, then the carrier 22 is moved downwards along a vertical axis so that the transponder T1 is located in the reading and writing area of the reading and writing device 20. The data stored on the transponder T1 are read out by the device 20. The data stored on the transponder T1 characterize the permissible operating state of the Hubendschalters 22, in which the load fixed to the hoist rope 30 has not yet reached the maximum lift height. Is according to the in FIG. 1 explained operating principle, the weight 25 relieved by the load or hook bottle of the hoisting cable 30, the preferably spring-loaded carrier 23 moves due to the spring restoring force in the vertical direction upwards.

Figur 3 zeigt den Zustand des Hubendschalters 22 mit dem entlasteten Gewicht 25. Hierbei befindet sich der Transponder T2 im Lesebereich der Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung 20. Folglich werden die Daten durch die Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung 20 aus dem Transponder T2 ausgelesen und derart interpretiert, so dass ein unzulässiger Betriebszustand des Hubendschalters 22 erkannt wird. FIG. 3 shows the state of the Hubendschalter 22 with the unloaded weight 25. In this case, the transponder T2 is in the reading area of the reading and writing device 20. Consequently, the data is read out by the reading and writing device 20 from the transponder T2 and interpreted such that a Inadmissible operating state of Hubendschalters 22 is detected.

In den Figuren 2 und 3 ist mit der Positionsnummer 40 jedes Bauteil dargestellt, an dem bisher die Hubendschalter fest an einer Hebevorrichtung angebracht waren. Diese Bauteile sind beispielsweise Teile des Auslegersystems der Hebevorrichtung und sollen später anhand der Figur 6 näher erläutert werden. An diesen Stellen sind nunmehr externe Transponder T3 angebracht. Diese Transponder T3 werden mit Daten belegt, die eindeutig das Bauteil 40 definieren. Beispielsweise beinhalten diese Daten Informationen über die Seriennummer des Stahlbauteils 40, Koordinaten des Schwerpunkts oder Masse und geometrische Daten des Bauteils. Ebenso kann eine eindeutige Adresse auf dem Transponder T3 gespeichert sein, wodurch der Transponder T3 eindeutig identifizierbar ist.In the Figures 2 and 3 is shown with the item number 40 every component on which previously the Hubendschalter were firmly attached to a lifting device. These components are, for example, parts of the boom system of the lifting device and will later be based on the FIG. 6 be explained in more detail. At these points now external transponder T3 are attached. These transponders T3 are assigned data that unambiguously define the component 40. For example, these data include information about the serial number of the steel component 40, coordinates of the center of gravity or mass, and geometric data of the component. Likewise, a unique address may be stored on the transponder T3, whereby the transponder T3 is uniquely identifiable.

Der Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung 20 kommt die weitere Aufgabe zuteil, den Transponder T3 im Empfangsbereich auszulesen. Um dies zu ermöglichen, weist die Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung 20 mehrere in unterschiedliche Richtungen gerichtete Lese- und Schreibbereiche auf. Wird der Hubendschalter 22 in unmittelbarer Nähe des Transponders T3 am Bauteil 40 montiert, wodurch sich der Transponder T3 in einem zweiten Lese- und Schreibbereich, vorzugsweise seitlich rechts neben dem Hubendschalter, der Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung 20 befindet, so wird der Transponder T3 erkannt und ausgelesen. Das Auslesen des Transponders T3 am Befestigungsort des Hubendschalters 22 ermöglicht eine automatische Positionserkennung des Hubendschalters 22. Die selbsterkannte Position stellt die Basis dar, um jedem Hubendschalter 22 eindeutig ein zu überprüfendes Führungsmittel, ein Hubseil bzw. eine Antriebswinde der Hebevorrichtung zuzuordnen.The reading and writing device 20 has the further task of reading the transponder T3 in the reception area. To facilitate this, the reader and writer 20 has a plurality of read and write areas directed in different directions. If the Hubendschalter 22 mounted in the immediate vicinity of the transponder T3 on the component 40, whereby the transponder T3 is in a second read and write area, preferably laterally to the right of the Hubendschalter, the read and write device 20, the transponder T3 is recognized and read. The reading of the transponder T3 at the mounting location of the Hubendschalters 22 allows automatic position detection of the Hubendschalters 22. The self-identified position provides the basis for each Hubendschalter 22 uniquely assigned to be checked a guide means, a hoisting rope or a drive winch of the lifting device.

Dabei muss die Zuordnung des Hubendschalters 22 nicht manuell durch den Operator ausgewiesen werden, sondern wird automatisch und fehlerfrei vom Hubendschalter 22 selbst erkannt.The assignment of the Hubendschalters 22 does not have to be manually identified by the operator, but is detected automatically and error-free by Hubendschalter 22 itself.

In Figur 4 ist eine weitere Detailansicht des Hubendschalters 22 gezeigt. Am unteren Ende des Hubendschalters 22 befindet sich ein am freien Ende des Seils 27 angeordnetes schlaufenförmiges Verbindungselement 21 zur Befestigung eines Gewichts 25. Um die gesammelten Daten der Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung 20 an eine zentrale Steuereinheit übertragen zu können, weist der Hubendschalter 22 eine Busverbindung 24 auf. Damit lässt sich der Hubendschalter 22 an ein zentrales Bussystem anschließen, welches die Kommunikation zwischen den einzelnen Hubendschaltern 22 innerhalb eines Systems bzw. mit einer Steuereinheit bewerkstelligt. Um den Hubendschalter 22 schnell und sicher montieren zu können, ist eine Schnellmontagevorrichtung 50 gegeben, welche fest in unmittelbarer Nähe zum Führungsmittel an der Hebevorrichtung fixiert sind.In FIG. 4 a further detail view of the Hubendschalters 22 is shown. At the lower end of the Hubendschalters 22 is a arranged at the free end of the rope 27 loop-shaped connecting element 21 for attachment of a weight 25. In order to transfer the collected data of the reading and writing device 20 to a central control unit, the Hubendschalter 22 has a bus connection 24th on. Thus, the limit switch 22 can be connected to a central bus system, which accomplishes the communication between the individual Hubendschaltern 22 within a system or with a control unit. In order to mount the Hubendschalter 22 quickly and safely, a quick assembly device 50 is given, which are firmly fixed in the immediate vicinity of the guide means on the lifting device.

Die erwähnte Schnellmontagevorrichtung 50 ist im Detail in Figur 5 gegeben. In der dargestellten Ausführungsvariante der Schnellmontagevorrichtung 50 ist der extern angeordnete Transponder T3 fest in die Schnellmontagevorrichtung 50 integriert. Wird der Hubendschalter 22 korrekt in die Schnellmontagevorrichtung 50 eingesetzt, so befindet sich der Transponder T3 im Lese- und Schreibbereich der Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung 20 des Hubendschalters 22 und die auf dem Transponder T3 gespeicherten Daten werden vom Hubendschalter 22 ausgelesen und über die Busverbindung 24 einer zentralen Steuereinheit mitgeteilt. Ebenso ist eine Schreibprozedur auf dem Transponder T3 möglich, um Daten während des Kranbetriebs auf dem Transponder T3 zu schreiben. Denkbar hierbei sind z. B. sämtliche Daten, die das Lastkollektiv betreffen. Ist der Transponder T3 fest in der Schnellmontagevorrichtung 50 aus Figur 5 integriert, so ist sicherzustellen, dass die Schnellmontagevorrichtung 50 fest an der erforderlichen Position einer Hebevorrichtung montiert ist, damit die auf dem Transponder T3 gespeicherten Daten bezüglich des Bauteils 40 übereinstimmen.The mentioned quick-mounting device 50 is described in detail in FIG FIG. 5 given. In the illustrated embodiment of the quick-mounting device 50, the externally arranged transponder T3 is firmly integrated into the quick-mounting device 50. If the hoisting limit switch 22 is correctly inserted into the quick-mounting device 50, then the transponder T3 is located in the reading and writing area of the reading and writing device 20 of the hoisting limit switch 22 and the data stored on the transponder T3 are read out by the hoisting limit switch 22 and via the bus connection 24 communicated to the central control unit. Similarly, a writing procedure on the transponder T3 is possible to write data during crane operation on the transponder T3. Conceivable here are z. B. all data concerning the load collective. If the transponder T3 is fixed in the quick-mounting device 50 FIG. 5 integrated, it must be ensured that the quick-mounting device 50 is fixedly mounted in the required position of a lifting device, so that the data stored on the transponder T3 with respect to the component 40 match.

Figur 6 zeigt schematisch eine Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Hebevorrichtung in Form eines Mobilkrans, die eine erfindungsgemäße Anordnung von Sensorvorrichtungen in Form der oben beschriebenen Hubendschalter 22 in unmittelbarer Umgebung zu den drei verschiedenen Führungsmitteln am Mobilkran aufweist. Im Ausführungsbeispiel aus Figur 6 weist der Mobilkran drei verschiedene Führungsmittel zur Führung eines Hubseils 30 auf. Der Mobilkran besteht aus einem telekopierbaren Hauptausleger 7 mit einem am oberen Ende angeordneten Rollenkopf 3. Zur Verlängerung des Hauptauslegers 7 dient die Auslegerverlängerung 6 mit einer wippbar befestigten Wippspitze 5. Die Wippspitze 5 weist die beiden Führungsmittel 1 bzw. 2 auf, über die ein Hubseil 30 führbar ist. Um die Überwachung des Hubseils 30 an den Führungsmitteln 1, 2 und 3 zu bewerkstelligen, werden in unmittelbarer Nähe zu den Führungsmitteln 1, 2, 3 Sensoren angeordnet. Gleichzeitig sieht der Mobilkran ein Bussystem vor, das die Signale der einzelnen angeordneten Sensoren zu einer zentralen Steuerung 4 überträgt. Erfindungsgemäß erkennen die einzelnen Sensoren selbständig ihre Position am Auslegersystem des Mobilkrans und teilen diese der zentralen Kransteuerung während des Kranbetriebs mit. FIG. 6 schematically shows an illustration of a lifting device according to the invention in the form of a mobile crane having an inventive arrangement of sensor devices in the form of the above-described Hubendschalter 22 in the immediate vicinity of the three different guide means on the mobile crane. In the embodiment FIG. 6 The mobile crane has three different guide means for guiding a hoist rope 30. The mobile crane consists of a telekopierbaren main boom 7 with a roller head arranged at the top 3. To extend the main boom 7, the boom extension 6 is used with a tiltable tipping tip 5. The rocking tip 5 has the two guide means 1 and 2, via a hoist rope 30 is feasible. In order to accomplish the monitoring of the hoist rope 30 on the guide means 1, 2 and 3, sensors are arranged in the immediate vicinity of the guide means 1, 2, 3. At the same time, the mobile crane provides a bus system which transmits the signals of the individual sensors arranged to a central controller 4. According to the invention, the individual sensors independently recognize their position on the boom system of the mobile crane and communicate it to the central crane control during crane operation.

Um die Sicherheitsrisiken zu minimieren, kann vor Beginn der Kranarbeit von der Steuereinheit 4 das einzelne Anfahren von jedem belegten Sensor angefordert werden. Somit ist der Steuerung eindeutig bekannt, welche Winde 8 an welcher Stelle bzw. Führungsmittel 1, 2, 3 einer Hubaufgabe nachkommt. So muss die Steuereinheit 4 im Bedarfsfall nur die für die Hebeaufgabe zuständige Winde 8 stoppen. Das gezielte Anfahren der Hubendschalter 22 ist möglich und bringt vorteilhafte Ergebnisse, allerdings ist es auch ein getrennter Arbeitsschritt, auf den beim Rüsten des Krans auch verzichtet werden könnte. Wenn dieser Schritt gefordert wird, dann wird er effizient direkt beim Aufrichten des Auslegers 7 durchgeführt, da dann nur ein geringer Weg vom jeweiligen Hubseil 30 zurückzulegen ist, bis der Hubendschalter 22 schaltet. Alternativ wäre möglich, dass der Kran ohne diese Forderung gerüstet wird. Während des Kranbetriebs wird dann von der Steuerung 4 - wie bisher - jeder Hubendschalter 22 überwacht. Wird ein Hubendschalter 22 betätigt, dann prüft die Steuerung 4, ob die Kranbewegung eindeutig einer Winde 8 zuordenbar ist, beispielweise falls nur eine Winde 8 gefahren wird. In diesem Fall schaltet die Steuerung auch nur diese eine Winde 8 ab und merkt sich die Zuordnung Winde 8 zu Führungsmittel 31 und Hubendschalter 22. So lernt der Kran beiläufig im Betrieb seine Konfiguration mit einer sehr großen Sicherheit.In order to minimize the safety risks, the single start-up of each occupied sensor can be requested by the control unit 4 before the start of the crane work. Thus, the controller is clearly known, which winds 8 at which point or guide means 1, 2, 3 complies with a lifting task. Thus, if necessary, the control unit 4 only has to stop the winch 8 responsible for the lifting task. The targeted start of the Hubendschalter 22 is possible and brings beneficial results, however, it is also a separate step, which could also be dispensed with when setting up the crane. If this step is required, then it is efficiently performed directly when erecting the boom 7, since then only a small distance from the respective hoist rope 30 is to be covered until the Hubendschalter 22 switches. Alternatively, it would be possible for the crane to be equipped without this requirement. During crane operation, the control 4 then monitors, as before, each limit switch 22. If a Hubendschalter 22 is actuated, then checks the controller 4, whether the crane movement is clearly attributable to a winch 8, for example, if only one winch 8 is driven. In this case, the controller also switches off only this one winch 8 and remembers the assignment winch 8 to guide means 31 and end limit switch 22. Thus, the crane learns casually in operation its configuration with a very high degree of security.

Ferner bietet der erfindungsgemäße Mobilkran die Möglichkeit, dass die Sensoren auch an Stellen eingesetzt werden, an denen zu Montagzwecken des Mobilkrans Hubarbeiten ausgeführt werden müssen. Als Beispiel hierzu sei die Montage des Gitterauslegers mit dem SA-Bock oder dem Derrickausleger genannt.Furthermore, the mobile crane according to the invention offers the possibility that the sensors are also used in places where lifting work has to be carried out for assembly purposes of the mobile crane. As an example, the assembly of the lattice boom with the SA-Bock or the derrick boom may be mentioned.

Claims (5)

  1. A lifting device, in particular a crane or cable excavator, comprising at least two different guiding means (1, 2, 3) for at least one hoisting cable (30) for lifting a load, wherein at least one winch (8) is provided for driving the at least one hoisting cable (30),
    characterized in
    that at least one sensor device is arranged in direct vicinity of each of the at least two guiding means (1, 2, 3) on the lifting device, wherein each sensor independently recognizes its mounting position, wherein the hoisting device provides a control unit (4) which is connectable or connected with at least one or all sensors, wherein the control unit (4) preferably receives data from at least one sensor, in particular the serial number of the lifting device component (40) on which the sensor is arranged and/or the hoisting cable position and/or address assigned to the sensor by the mounting position and/or geometry data of the lifting device component (40).
  2. The lifting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensors are releasably mountable or mounted at the mounting position, wherein the sensors preferably are designed such that they metrologically detect the hoisting cable position at the guiding means (1, 2, 3).
  3. The lifting device according to any of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one of the sensors comprises a hoisting limit switch (22) according to any of claims 1 to 2.
  4. The lifting device according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the control unit (4) actuates the at least one winch (8) in dependence on the transmitted data of the sensors, wherein the control unit (4) preferably is configured such that several winches (8) can be actuated separately in case of need.
  5. The lifting device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control unit (4) is designed such that before the start of operation of the crane all attached sensors are actuated, wherein preferably a defective sensor is detectable by the control unit (4).
EP11008098A 2009-10-16 2010-08-27 Hoist device with position-detectable sensors Not-in-force EP2404861B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202009014066U DE202009014066U1 (en) 2009-10-16 2009-10-16 Lift limit switch and lifting device
EP10008963.0A EP2311771B1 (en) 2009-10-16 2010-08-27 Lift limit switch

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10008963.0 Division 2010-08-27
EP10008963.0A Division-Into EP2311771B1 (en) 2009-10-16 2010-08-27 Lift limit switch

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EP2404861A1 EP2404861A1 (en) 2012-01-11
EP2404861B1 true EP2404861B1 (en) 2013-01-30

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EP10008963.0A Not-in-force EP2311771B1 (en) 2009-10-16 2010-08-27 Lift limit switch
EP11008098A Not-in-force EP2404861B1 (en) 2009-10-16 2010-08-27 Hoist device with position-detectable sensors

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US (1) US8657134B2 (en)
EP (2) EP2311771B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5785704B2 (en)
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2404861A1 (en) 2012-01-11
CN102040163A (en) 2011-05-04
DE202009014066U1 (en) 2011-03-03
US8657134B2 (en) 2014-02-25
CN102040163B (en) 2015-03-25
JP2011084403A (en) 2011-04-28
EP2311771B1 (en) 2014-03-05
EP2311771A3 (en) 2011-05-25
JP5785704B2 (en) 2015-09-30
EP2311771A2 (en) 2011-04-20
US20110089131A1 (en) 2011-04-21

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