EP2125594A2 - Aufzugsanlage, tragmittel für eine aufzugsanlage und verfahren zur herstellung eines tragmittels - Google Patents
Aufzugsanlage, tragmittel für eine aufzugsanlage und verfahren zur herstellung eines tragmittelsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2125594A2 EP2125594A2 EP08715742A EP08715742A EP2125594A2 EP 2125594 A2 EP2125594 A2 EP 2125594A2 EP 08715742 A EP08715742 A EP 08715742A EP 08715742 A EP08715742 A EP 08715742A EP 2125594 A2 EP2125594 A2 EP 2125594A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- elevator
- suspension
- elevator car
- support means
- force transmission
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
- B66B7/06—Arrangements of ropes or cables
- B66B7/062—Belts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B11/00—Main component parts of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures
- B66B11/0065—Roping
- B66B11/008—Roping with hoisting rope or cable operated by frictional engagement with a winding drum or sheave
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
- B66B7/06—Arrangements of ropes or cables
- B66B7/08—Arrangements of ropes or cables for connection to the cars or cages, e.g. couplings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
- B66B7/12—Checking, lubricating, or cleaning means for ropes, cables or guides
- B66B7/1207—Checking means
- B66B7/1215—Checking means specially adapted for ropes or cables
- B66B7/1223—Checking means specially adapted for ropes or cables by analysing electric variables
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
- B66B7/12—Checking, lubricating, or cleaning means for ropes, cables or guides
- B66B7/1207—Checking means
- B66B7/1215—Checking means specially adapted for ropes or cables
- B66B7/123—Checking means specially adapted for ropes or cables by analysing magnetic variables
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
- B66B7/12—Checking, lubricating, or cleaning means for ropes, cables or guides
- B66B7/1253—Lubricating means
- B66B7/1261—Lubricating means specially adapted for ropes or cables
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/14—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable
- D07B1/145—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable comprising elements for indicating or detecting the rope or cable status
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/22—Flat or flat-sided ropes; Sets of ropes consisting of a series of parallel ropes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B5/00—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form
- D07B5/10—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form from strands of non-circular cross-section
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
- D07B2201/1004—General structure or appearance
- D07B2201/1008—Several parallel ropes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
- D07B2201/1012—Rope or cable structures characterised by their internal structure
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2015—Strands
- D07B2201/2016—Strands characterised by their cross-sectional shape
- D07B2201/2017—Strands characterised by their cross-sectional shape triangular
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2015—Strands
- D07B2201/2016—Strands characterised by their cross-sectional shape
- D07B2201/2018—Strands characterised by their cross-sectional shape oval
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2015—Strands
- D07B2201/2024—Strands twisted
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2015—Strands
- D07B2201/2038—Strands characterised by the number of wires or filaments
- D07B2201/204—Strands characterised by the number of wires or filaments nine or more wires or filaments respectively forming multiple layers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2047—Cores
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2075—Fillers
- D07B2201/2078—Fillers having a load bearing function
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2083—Jackets or coverings
- D07B2201/2084—Jackets or coverings characterised by their shape
- D07B2201/2086—Jackets or coverings characterised by their shape concerning the external shape
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2083—Jackets or coverings
- D07B2201/2087—Jackets or coverings being of the coated type
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2083—Jackets or coverings
- D07B2201/2088—Jackets or coverings having multiple layers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
- D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
- D07B2401/2065—Reducing wear
- D07B2401/2075—Reducing wear externally
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2501/00—Application field
- D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables
- D07B2501/2007—Elevators
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2501/00—Application field
- D07B2501/40—Application field related to rope or cable making machines
- D07B2501/403—Application field related to rope or cable making machines for making belts
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2801/00—Linked indexing codes associated with indexing codes or classes of D07B
- D07B2801/90—General knowledge
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B5/00—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form
- D07B5/005—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form characterised by their outer shape or surface properties
- D07B5/006—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form characterised by their outer shape or surface properties by the properties of an outer surface polymeric coating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an elevator installation, an elevator installation with a suspension means or a power transmission arrangement, a suspension means or a power transmission arrangement for an elevator installation, a belt-like suspension element and a method for producing a suspension element, a method for producing a belt-like suspension element for an elevator installation corresponding device for producing a belt-like support means.
- An elevator installation typically includes at least one elevator car or platform for transporting people and / or goods, a propulsion system having at least one prime mover for moving the at least one elevator car or platform along a roadway and at least one support means for supporting the at least one elevator car or platform and transmitting the Forces from the at least one prime mover to the at least one elevator car or platform.
- a support means for mechanical drives are currently rope-like, non-jacketed suspension means (wire ropes, synthetic fiber ropes etc), chain-like suspension means and in particular also belt-like and / or sheathed suspension means (further in particular carrying strap or sheathed ropes) in question.
- two-layer support belt which have a first belt layer and a second belt layer connected thereto.
- a plurality of tension members in particular rope-like tension members, are embedded in the shaped body of the support belt.
- a partial belt forming the first belt ply and then a finished carrying belt with a molded second belt ply are first produced in two production stations connected in series.
- several rope-like tension members are fed simultaneously, up to half in the first belt position be embedded.
- First and second belt layers of the support belt are each formed by means of an extrusion process.
- an elevator installation is provided with a car and a counterweight, which are arranged to be movable or displaceable along a movement path.
- an elevator installation with the features of claim 1 is provided.
- an elevator system with the features of claim 2 is provided with a car and a counterweight, which are arranged along a bewegs ⁇ gsbah ⁇ movable or displaceable.
- the elevator installation has at least one elevator car or platform for transporting people and / or goods; a drive system having at least one prime mover for moving the at least one elevator car or platform along a roadway; and at least one support means for supporting the at least one elevator car or platform and transmitting the forces from the at least one prime mover to the at least one elevator car or platform.
- the at least one suspension element is preferably a rope or belt-type suspension element of the invention or a rope or belt type manufactured using the production method of the invention Supporting means.
- An elevator installation according to the invention can be designed in particular with a traction sheave drive or a drum drive for the drive system.
- an elevator installation with a support means or a power transmission arrangement for a building, a bulk material handling installation, a mine installation, a watercraft or the like with the features of claim 3 is provided.
- a suspension element or a power transmission arrangement for an elevator installation with the features of claim 4, wherein a power transmission arrangement has a plurality of three to twenty-four, in particular a plurality of groups of three to six suspension elements. Groups of suspension elements are spaced further apart than individual suspension means within a group.
- Advantageous developments and refinements of this invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims, the description and the drawings.
- a distance between two suspension elements within a group is less than half the width of a suspension element.
- Such a distance can be fixed in particular in the region of a traction sheave, a deflection roller and / or a guide roller.
- a distance between two suspension elements within a group corresponds approximately to half the width of a suspension element.
- Such suspension means and power transmission arrangements are particularly suitable for use in the elevator installations according to the invention and are preferably produced by means of the production methods according to the invention.
- a belt-type suspension element for an elevator installation with the features of claim 5 is provided.
- Advantageous developments and refinements of this invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims, the description and the drawings.
- a belt-type suspension element according to the invention (hereinafter often referred to simply as “support belt”, “belt” or “traction element” or “element”) for an elevator installation preferably has a first belt layer made of a first plastifiable material having a first outer surface and a connecting plane forming one
- the suspension element preferably has at least one cable-like, fabric-like, and / or tensile carrier consisting of a large number of partial elements, which is embedded in the first belt layer.
- the tension member is partially out of a joint plane of the first Riemeniage out to a second belt layer.
- a second belt layer is provided of a (second) plasticizable material, which is integrally formed on the connecting plane of the first belt layer and the protruding portions of the at least one tension member and forms a second outer surface of the support belt.
- the surface of the at least one tensile carrier is at least 80%, more preferably at least 95% covered with the first plasticizable material and the free spaces within the at least one tensile carrier are at least partially filled with the first plasticizable material.
- the first belt layer and the second belt layer of the support belt can optionally be formed from a same material, a same material with different properties or different materials.
- the first outer surface of the first belt layer is formed with at least one extending in the longitudinal direction of the support means rib, which is preferably in the form of a V-rib, having a flank angle between 60 ° and 120 ° and / or with a flattened tip is trained.
- the second outer surface of the second belt layer is formed with at least one extending in the longitudinal direction of the support means rib, which is preferably in the form of a V-rib, having a flank angle between 60 ° and 100 ° and / or with a flattened Tip is formed.
- the ratio of the total height of the support belt to the overall width of the support belt is greater than 1. Alternatively, this ratio can also be about 1 or less than 1.
- an apparatus for producing a suspension means with the features of claim 6 is provided.
- Advantageous developments and refinements of this invention are the subject of the dependent claims and the description and the figures.
- an article of manufacture is made by a method of manufacture, the method comprising the steps of placing at least one cable-like train carrier, embedding the at least one cable-like train carrier in a first belt layer of a first plasticizable material
- a section ⁇ emen is preferably formed with a first outer surface and a connecting plane forming surface in which the at least one Werger partially protruding from the connecting plane of the Detailnemens and the projecting portion of the at least one Anlagentragers is at least partially covered with the first plasticizable material, and the Forming a second belt layer of a second plasticizable material at the connecting plane of the belt part and the protruding portions of the at least one Buchtragers such that a support means with the first outer surface on the side of the first belt layer and a second outer surface on the side of the second belt layer is formed
- the Switzerlandtrager be embedded as completely as possible in the first plastifiable material of the first belt layer in this process, so that the second plastifiable material for the second belt layer does not come into contact with the Switzerlandtragern Since the Switzerlandtrager protrude from the joint plane between the two belt layers, in the embedding step formed connecting surface a larger surface, so that a good connection between the first and the second belt layer can be achieved
- the surface of the at least one Wergers in the embedding step is at least 80% covered with the first plasticizable material
- the free spaces within the at least one Wergers in the embedding step are at least partially filled with the first plasticizable material
- the surface structure at the connection surface is thereby preferably formed during the embedding step, in a modified embodiment, at least one layer is made of an at least slightly vulcanizable material.
- the first outer surface and / or the second outer surface are formed with at least one rib extending in the longitudinal direction of the support means.
- the formation of the ribs is preferably carried out during the embedding step or during the forming step.
- the embedding step is carried out as an extrusion process of the first plasticizable material and the molding step as an extrusion process of the second plasticizable material.
- the first belt ply and the second belt ply are formed with the same or different process parameters (e.g., temperature, pressure, rotational speed of the forming wheel, etc.) optimally adapted to the first and second plasticizable materials, respectively.
- the at least one tensile carrier is placed under prestress during the embedding step. For better connection of the tension members with the first belt layer, preferably the at least one tension member is heated during the initial step, and for better connection of the first and second belt layers, preferably the connecting surface of the part belt is heated during the forming step.
- a manufacturing device for a belt-like support means for an elevator installation with the features of claim 7 is provided.
- the device for producing a belt-like support means for an elevator installation has a first production station for forming a partial belt with a first outer surface and a surface forming a connection plane and a second production station for forming the support belt with the first outer surface and a second outer surface.
- the first manufacturing station comprises a first forming wheel, a first guide which wraps around a partial circumference of the first forming wheel, means for feeding at least one rope-like tensile carrier to the first forming wheel and a first extruder for feeding a first plasticizable material into one between the first forming wheel and the first first lead formed cavity.
- the second manufacturing station comprises a second forming wheel, a second guide which wraps around a portion of the second forming wheel, means for feeding the part belt produced in the first manufacturing station to the second forming wheel, and a second extruder for feeding a second plasticizable material into one between the second forming wheel and the second guide formed mold cavity.
- the outer circumferential surface of the first forming wheel of the first manufacturing station is formed with at least one longitudinal groove extending in the circumferential direction of the first forming wheel, in which the at least one supplied tension carrier is guided and which is dimensioned such that at least one of the partial belts produced in the first production station Weglich partially protruding from the connection plane and the projecting portion of the at least one tension member is at least partially covered with the first plasticizable material.
- a width of the longitudinal grooves of the outer circumferential surface of the first forming wheel is selected smaller than a diameter of the tensile carriers, wherein the width of the longitudinal grooves preferably in a range of about 70% to 95%, more preferably in a range of about 75% to 90 % of the diameter of the tension members lies.
- a depth of the longitudinal grooves of the outer circumferential surface of the first forming wheel is preferably in a range of about 25% to 50%, more preferably in a range of about 30% to 40% of the diameter of the tension members.
- the first manufacturing station further comprises a device for supplying the at least one tension member to the first forming wheel under bias and a first heating device for heating the at least one tension member prior to its supply to the first forming wheel.
- the first guide of the first manufacturing station is provided on its side facing the first forming wheel with a structure to give the first outer surface of the belt part or the support belt a profile, for example in the form of V-ribs.
- the first form wheel is provided on its outer peripheral surface in the region between the longitudinal grooves with a structure to the surface of the Teüriemens forming the connection plane to give a surface structure in order to achieve a better connection between the first and the second belt layer of the support belt.
- the second manufacturing station further comprises a second heating device for heating the sub-belt before it is fed to the second forming wheel and the second guide of the second manufacturing station is provided with a structure on its side facing the second forming wheel to the second outer surface of the Tragriemens to give a profile, for example in the form of V-ribs.
- a further embodiment of the invention relates to a power transmission arrangement for an elevator system, which optionally contains a plurality of individual suspension means in the form of (optionally sheathed or partially sheathed) belts, ropes or the like, with a force transmission element or tension member, which is associated with a base body on which the force transmission element or tension member is fixed in such a form-fitting manner that the base body engages around the force transmission element at least in sections.
- a force transmission arrangement according to the invention preferably comprises a suspension means, which is manufactured according to the production method according to the invention.
- the base body along a first length portion has a height which is smaller than the total height of the power transmission arrangement.
- Fig. 1 is an illustration of the structure of an elevator system according to the
- FIG. 2A, 2B representations of the structure of an elevator installation according to the invention with a traction sheave drive, with an elevator car in one lower end positions or in an upper end position in a lift shaft;
- FIG. 1CR shows the introduction of force through the suspension element strands for the elevator car
- Fig. 1DR an alternative thereto
- FIG. 1AR 1 2R, 3R advantageous arrangements of the traction sheaves;
- Fig. 3R is an enlarged view of FIG. 1 BR, in which further
- Suspension element strands for each of the elevator cars; 1AX, 2X, 3AX, 4X, 5X advantageous arrangements of the traction sheaves in the upper region of the
- Elevator shaft; 2X shows a second embodiment analogous to that of Fig. 1AX, 1 BX and
- Fig. 2X, 3AX, 3EiX, 3CX positioning modes of the attachment points valid analogously also for the embodiments shown in Fig. 4X and 5X;
- Fig. AX is a similar embodiment as Fig. 1X;
- 1G5 a traction sheave structure and a pulley structure for a
- Fig. 2G5 to 7G5 further embodiments of support means with flat running side and flat drive pulley groove;
- inventive suspension means with two tension members
- inventive suspension means with a tension member; Hg. IH a Roüenerive ⁇ t in combination with Aufzugstragrnittein in the form of
- FIG. 2H shows a roller element with elevator support means in the form of V-ribbed belts
- Fig. 1 P an elevator according to an embodiment of the present invention in a lateral cross section
- Fig. 2P in cross-section a support means in a groove of a roller element after a
- FIG. 3P shows in cross-section the suspension element from FIG. 2P in a further embodiment of the groove of the roller element
- Hg. 4P in cross-section, another embodiment of the support means in a correspondingly adapted groove of a roller element;
- Hg. 5P in cross-section an alternative support means in a corresponding groove of a
- Fig. 6P in cross-section, another embodiment of the support means in a groove of a roller element
- Hg. 7P again in cross-section another alternative support means in the groove of a
- Fig. 8P also in cross-section another alternative embodiment of a groove with support center I;
- FIG. 9P shows an arrangement of traction sheave with support means in its grooves
- 1AV is a schematic view of an elevator system with arranged below the cabin pulleys
- 1GV is a schematic plan view of an elevator system according to FIG. 1AV;
- 2AV is a schematic view of an elevator installation with deflection rollers arranged above the cabin;
- FIG. 2GV is a schematic plan view of an elevator installation according to FIG. 2AV;
- FIG. 3V is a schematic diagram of a first deflection roller unit;
- FIG. 3AV is a sectional view of the deflection roller unit with load measuring transducer according to FIG. 3V;
- FIG. Fig. 3BV is a sectional view of the pulley unit with positioning according to
- FIG. 3CV is a perspective view of the deflection roller unit according to FIG. 3AV;
- FIG. 4V is a schematic diagram of a further deflection roller unit;
- FIG. 5V is a torque diagram of a deflection tube unit;
- FIG. 3CV is a perspective view of the deflection roller unit according to FIG. 3AV;
- FIG. 4V is a schematic diagram of a further deflection roller unit;
- FIG. 5V is a torque diagram of a deflection tube unit;
- FIG. 3CV is a perspective view of the deflection roller unit according to FIG. 3AV;
- FIG. 4V is a schematic diagram of a further deflection roller unit;
- FIG. 5V is a torque diagram of a deflection tube unit;
- FIG. 3CV is a perspective view of the deflection roller unit according to FIG. 3AV;
- FIG. 4V is a schematic diagram of a further deflection roller unit;
- FIG. 5V is a torque diagram of
- Fig. 6V is a timing chart of a load measuring operation during a loading operation
- 1G1 a symmetrical drive unit according to the invention with drive frame
- FIG. 2G1 a section through the symmetrical drive unit according to the invention
- FIG. 3G1 shows a variant of the symmetrical drive unit
- 4G1 an inventive, asymmetric drive unit with drive frame
- 5G1 shows a section through the asymmetrical drive unit according to the invention
- 1G2 an elevator with an elevator car, a counterweight and a
- FIG. 2G2 a suspended drive unit
- FIG. 3G2 shows a drive unit with the monitoring device according to the invention
- FIG. 4G2 shows a variant of a deflection unit with the inventive
- Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a basic structure of a belt-like
- Figs. 4A and 4B show a structure of a first station for producing the suspension means illustrated in Fig. 3;
- Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining the operation of the first station illustrated in Figs. 4A and 4B;
- FIGS. 4A and 4B shows a schematic illustration of a partial belt produced in the first station of FIGS. 4A and 4B according to a specific embodiment
- Figures 7A and 7B are schematic representations of the structure of a second station for manufacturing the suspension means illustrated in Figure 3;
- FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a riernenartigen Tragmitteis according to a further embodiment of the invention, prepared according to a
- FIG. 10 shows a sectional view of a further belt-type suspension element according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, produced according to a method of the invention
- Fig. 11A 1 11 B are schematic sectional views of two variants of a belt-like
- Fig. 2G3 is a side view of the fixed point
- Fig. 3G3 the fixed point at the end of an emergency stop situation
- Fig. 4aG3 a horizontal section A-A of the fixed point
- Fig. 5G3 a mechanism for releasing the fixed point
- Fig. 1G4 a Tragstoffendthetic with arranged in a housing wedge
- FIGS. 2G4, 3G4 details of the housing and the wedge
- FIGS 4G4 to 8G4 show various embodiments of the wedge
- FIG. 9G4 shows a suspension element strand with a plurality of suspension element end connections
- Fig. 1G6, 2G6 a Tragstoffendthetic with fixed in a housing
- FIG. 3G6, 4G6 a Tragstoffendthetic with a fixed in a housing and a movably arranged Umschlingungselement;
- FIG. 5G6 opposite loops of a loop element;
- Fig. 1 i an elevator system according to an embodiment of the present invention
- 2i shows a first embodiment of a suspension element of the elevator system according to FIG. 1 i in a perspective partial section; 3i, a second embodiment of a support means of the elevator system according to
- FIG. 1 i in cross section; 4i shows a third embodiment of a carrying means of the elevator system according to FIG. 5i, a fourth embodiment of a support means of the elevator system according to
- FIG. 1i in cross section; 6i, a fifth embodiment of a support means of the elevator system according to
- FIG. 1i in cross section; 7i, a sixth embodiment of a support means of the elevator system according to
- FIG. 1i in cross section; 8i shows a first embodiment of a detection device for detecting a
- Ultrasonic waves are coupled over the entire length of the support means; 9i, a second embodiment of a detection device for detecting a
- Ultrasonic waves are coupled in the longitudinal direction of the support means; 10i, a third embodiment of a detection device for detecting a
- Ultrasonic waves are coupled in the longitudinal direction of the support means; 11i, a fourth embodiment of a detection device for detecting a
- Ultrasonic waves are coupled in the longitudinal direction of the support means; 12i, a fifth embodiment of a detection device for detecting a
- Ultrasonic waves are coupled over the entire width of the suspension element; 13i, a sixth embodiment of a detection device for detecting a state of a support means of the elevator system according to Fig. 1 i, wherein
- Ultrasonic waves are coupled in the longitudinal and the width direction of the support means; 14i shows a seventh embodiment of a detection device for detecting a
- Ultrasonic waves are coupled in the longitudinal and the width direction of the support means; 15i an eighth embodiment of a detection device for detecting a
- 16i shows a ninth embodiment of a detection device for detecting a state of a suspension element of the elevator system according to FIG. 1 i, in which ultrasonic waves are coupled into the suspension element and reflected ultrasonic waves are detected;
- 17i shows a tenth embodiment of a detection device for detecting a state of a suspension element of the elevator system according to FIG. 1i, ultrasonic waves being coupled into the suspension element via a drive roller;
- 19i shows a twelfth embodiment of a detection device for detecting a state of a suspension element of the elevator system according to FIG. 1, wherein ultrasonic waves are coupled into the suspension element via a deflection roller;
- 2Oi a thirteenth embodiment of a detection device for detecting a state of a support means of the elevator system according to Fig. 1i, with trigger signal and evaluation signal of a state detection.
- An elevator installation or an elevator system according to the present invention can be designed as a passenger elevator for transporting persons and possibly also goods or as a goods lift for the exclusive transport of goods.
- the following description of the individual elevator components is in each case based on a configuration as a passenger elevator;
- the teaching according to the invention can in principle also be applied to freight elevators.
- an elevator system according to the invention in various objects, such as immobile above-ground and / or underground buildings, mines or mine installations, in land, air and / or water vehicles with advantage used. Further information on the specific. In addition, the interpretation can be found in EN 81-i: 1998, including CORRIGENDUM 09.99.
- the elevator installation according to the invention has at least one elevator car or alternatively one or more movable platforms which are movable in a vertical direction between fixed access points (in particular between floors of a building) and are guided at least in sections along their lanes.
- the elevator car can be moved with the aid of a drive system, wherein the drive system has one or more drive machines, which may optionally be operated independently of each other.
- the elevator car is optionally designed to be movable in the horizontal direction or along a curved curved path.
- the present invention relates in particular to elevator systems with a traction sheave drive or drum drives as the drive system.
- the elevator car is one of the main components of the elevator system according to the invention and serves to accommodate persons and goods. It includes in particular a 2.5 m or up to 3.5 m high steel frame scaffold, which is formed by a floor frame and a support frame, and corresponding wall and ceiling components.
- the elevator cars are generally made with rectangular or square base, but there are also other cabin shapes, for example, with round Base area and the like possible
- One or more entrances to the elevator car are provided.
- the entrances to the elevator car can be suspended by means of a garage door
- suspension means or a Kraftubertragungsan extract For carrying the elevator car serve a suspension means or a Kraftubertragungsan extract with several (same or different) support means which are mounted directly or indirectly to the cabin ceiling in an exemplary embodiment in modified exemplary embodiments suspension means are guided via corresponding deflecting plates below or above the elevator car and the elevator shaft or specified by various shaft installations Further details are regulated by EN 81-1 1998 including CORRIGENDUM 09 99
- elevator cars according to the invention are provided with an evacuation device
- the elevator system according to the invention is advantageously provided with an evacuation device which, if required, allows automatic evacuation of persons located in the elevator car. If the elevator car deviates from the normal driving course (usual in normal operation), this is detected by a security monitoring system and the moving elevator car is moved into Alternatively, it may be provided that the elevator car goes uncontrolled into a special operation and this is detected by ajeuberwachungssystem Em such special operation is, for example, in a deviation of an effective travel movement from the normal driving course, with a break in the drive energy, in a failure of service brake systems or even given a failure of a suspension
- the elevator car of a braking device by means of a braking force caused by the braking device together with a braking trajectory, delayed and anschhessend held at a standstill
- the braking force is generated in this example of a braking device characterized in that a brake pad with a force on a brake track or a guide rail is pressed
- Such Bremsein ⁇ chtung may include a brake, which is arranged in the drive machine and soft generates the braking force in cooperation with a brake drum, brake disc or brake shaft, etc.
- it is designed as a braking device, which is arranged in the region of the elevator car.
- the braking device can of course no longer ensure a failure of suspension means, however, the braking device of the second case also takes over the tasks of a safety gear according to Chapter 1.5 (safety gear).
- the braking device used in the present example is preferably a controlled or controlled braking device which can set at least one deceleration in accordance with a default value.
- a controlled or controlled braking device which can set at least one deceleration in accordance with a default value.
- An example of how such a braking device can be embodied is described in EP 1671912 A1, which is to be fully incorporated by reference.
- the braking device consists of at least two brake units, each brake unit having a normal force control, which sets a normal force (FN) according to a determined by a brake control unit normal force value.
- This normal force is the force with which the brake pad is pressed onto the guide rail and thus causes a corresponding braking force and deceleration of the elevator car.
- FN normal force
- This normal force is the force with which the brake pad is pressed onto the guide rail and thus causes a corresponding braking force and deceleration of the elevator car. It should be noted that the braking force to delay an elevator car
- the holding force is the force needed to securely hold the elevator car, taking into account possible loading or handling situations, while the braking force is the force needed or present to safely decelerate a moving elevator car in motion.
- the evacuation device preferably calculates the brake control unit and / or the braking device and / or one of the braking device or the brake control unit associated (special) computer temporarily or continuously a delay required to standstill the elevator car within an exit zone in the special operation bring to.
- the braking device further recognizes a standing Stiiistand the elevator car when a sudden change in a braking force and / or a measured real acceleration is detected, and the braking device sets a braking force specification or a normal force upon detection of the successful standstill according to a holding force. This is advantageous because it ensures that the elevator car is securely locked after braking has taken place.
- the elevator car can be released to leave and slipping is prevented, while people leave the elevator car or when, for example, service personnel enters the elevator car.
- the braking device advantageously includes a braking force sensor, by means of which a braking force can be detected.
- the braking force sensor can be designed as an integral part of the braking device itself. This results in a simple functional structure and subsequently a cost-effective design.
- a sudden change in the braking force can be particularly easily assumed if a change in the effective direction of the braking force is determined, which results from a change in the direction of movement of the elevator car. Furthermore, a sudden change in the braking force can be assumed if, due to a shutdown of the elevator car results in the elimination of a delay component of the braking force.
- the elimination of the deceleration or acceleration component is inventively preferably determined by measuring the actual acceleration.
- a high holding force ensures that the elevator car does not slippage suddenly during subsequent service activities. It is self-evident that, depending on a construction type of the braking device, there are various possibilities for setting the holding force required in the stop. If, in a first example according to the invention, a braking device is used in which, in order to achieve a desired brake Holding force is regulated or controlled a normal force, the braking force specification results in a normal force specification, after which the braking device then sets an acting normal force.
- the braking device will inevitably cause a maximum delivery force or normal force due to the braking force specification, since only one of the holding force-corresponding braking force can be measured in the stop when the elevator car is stationary and - because of this Value is less than the braking force preset in the stop - the braking device therefore tries to increase this value. It can be seen that when using a normal force control, the braking device can be spared, since only a normal force required for holding can be made. In the following, the term normal force is used in this context, with an equivalent delivery force also being included from a braking force control or deceleration control.
- the braking device adjusts the normal force to a value corresponding to the holding force after the expiration of a maximum expected braking time or upon detection of a braking error. This results in a second security, since a failure of the brake system after a predetermined time a safe holding force is set, too if the elevator car should have already stopped safely. System security is thus increased.
- the elevator car is arranged in an elevator shaft or in an enclosure, wherein shaft doors and / or emergency doors are provided, through which the elevator car can be entered.
- An exit zone is determined by a proximity area of the elevator car with respect to the shaft door or emergency door. This is advantageous because this design allows leaving the elevator car in a "normal" stop. As a "normal” stop a stop is defined, which is also approached in normal operation.
- the exit zone is, for example, the area in which an elevator car door is in engagement with a shaft door and thus can be safely opened by hand or at most electrically controlled. It goes without saying that in a special operation, it is not absolutely necessary for the elevator car door to be precisely aligned with the shaft door.
- a step formation of 0.25 meters or more may well be accepted in a special operation. Also, this event may provide a warning message or ad that indicates a possible level and thus warns passengers. A greater distance of up to 0.5 meters is also possible.
- the intervention of an instructed person is providable, which can open the manhole and elevator car door by hand.
- emergency exit zones may be defined for particular buildings. This makes sense if larger driving distances are available without normal stops, as is the case for elevator systems with so-called express zones, for example. These emergency exit zones are equipped with emergency doors.
- the braking device is designed such that it calculates several times during the movement of the elevator car in normal operation, a hypothetical delay required, which would bring to a standstill in special operation the elevator car within the exit zone. This is particularly advantageous because the braking device is thereby able to react quickly.
- the repetitive calculation process of the hypothetical delay required is used for a plausibility check:
- the calculation of the hypothetically required deceleration takes place in short time intervals or continuously or continuously.
- a plurality of calculation results are compared with one another, and in particular a deviation of the calculation results from one another or a standard deviation is determined.
- One possible time interval is chosen such that a sufficiently accurate start of the exit zone is possible.
- the time interval can be selected depending on a driving speed of the elevator car. As a rule, a time interval of less than 1 second, in particular between 0.1 s and 0.6 s, is preferred.
- an exit zone closest to the cabin position is approached during the transition to the special mode.
- that zone is approached, which can be reached with "pleasant delay", even if this should not be the nearest exit zone.
- a delay of less than 4 m / s 2 is referred to as a "pleasant delay”.
- higher deceleration values can also be used depending on an operating situation or a type of special operation. This is especially the case when an imminent approach to an obstacle is detected (ie an imminent collision with another elevator car or with a shaft end) or a shaft door opened in the immediate vicinity would be detected at the time when the special operation is transferred.
- the hypothetical delay required, at the transition to the special mode is directly defined and used as the required deceleration to effect the braking.
- the braking device determined in further modified embodiments using this required delay case by case more brake control variables such as braking force or normal force. This solution gives a clear functional structure. From the time of the occurrence of the unexpected event, the braking can be autonomous, since the braking device only has to comply with the predetermined deceleration value.
- the braking device is able to determine a time delayed braking application point or the deceleration in the form of any reference acceleration curve, if this is necessary or favorable to reach a next exit zone.
- An arbitrary form of the reference acceleration curve is, for example, a curve which provides a high delay in a first time range and (after the phase of strong deceleration) provides a phase with a lower delay in a second time range (in particular when approaching the exit zone).
- a modified form of the reference acceleration curve can be determined, after which an acceleration is allowed in a first temporal region, then in a second temporal region in a To go over to the delay phase.
- a reduced delay may be provided when approaching the exit zone. This is advantageous because depending on a distance to the next possible exit zone, the time to reach the exit zone can be optimized as needed.
- a brake computer or a special operating computer is used to calculate the required delay, which is at least functionally separated from other control functions.
- the braking device includes an acceleration sensor and an acceleration controller. During deceleration, they use the deceleration required by the brake computer as the setpoint and the normal force as the manipulated variable. Furthermore, the braking device advantageously comprises at least two brake units which each act on a brake track, the brake device determining brake control variables for each of the individual brake units. This is advantageous because errors of a single brake unit can be compensated by the other brake units.
- the braking device is advantageously designed as an electromechanical or a hydraulic or a purely mechanical Reibbrems noticed. It can also be used a combination of different brake types. This increases the reliability of the overall system, since different types usually complement each other in error situations.
- the brake track is joined together in one piece with the guide track. This results in a cost-effective overall solution.
- the required deceleration and / or the time-delayed brake application point and / or a reference acceleration curve are determined taking into account one or more of the following parameters:
- an evacuation takes place by means of an evacuation control which is initialized either manually or automatically in the event of an error-related stopping of the elevator car. This embodiment can be selected if no controllable braking device is used
- a standstill brake is opened by means of an emergency power source.
- a direction of travel detector detects a resulting direction of movement of the elevator car.
- the resulting direction of movement follows from a momentary load state of the elevator car the same u U move in the upward direction due to a heavier counterweight, while a movement in the downwards direction occurs in a heavily loaded elevator car.
- the direction of travel detector preferably a speed encoder integrated on the drive machine, thus represents the load-dependent direction of travel after opening the standstill brake fixed and the evacuation control now gives the drive unit a travel command in exactly this direction of travel.
- the setpoint travel speed is hereby limited to a small value For example, 0.03 m / s to about 0.3 m / s specified
- the drive needs in this direction naturally low energy, because only has to be braked
- the emergency power source is accordingly optionally dimensioned such that a drive control, usually a frequency-controlled inverter, during operation With this small target forward speed is driven to the next exit parts, and when they are reached, the standstill brake is engaged again, so that the car is locked in. Trapped persons can leave the elevator car
- a device may be provided which is used in the event of a defect in the drive device or the associated drive control.
- the standstill brake is opened and then closes again during a preferably manual actuation of an evacuation device for a short period of time Elevator car due to the loading state in one of the directions of travel
- the time span is now such that even with extreme load and lack of drive torque, no too high speed results
- This opening process of the standstill brake is now repeatedly until the elevator car has arrived in the exit area of a Ausminationssteüe.
- Preferred periods for keeping the standstill brake open are about 120 to 500 milliseconds, preferably about 180 milliseconds.
- This period is predetermined depending on the total mass distribution of the moving parts, such as elevator car, counterweight, suspension elements and rotating parts of the drive machine.
- a path area can also be defined.
- the standstill brake can each be kept open until the elevator car has moved by about 150 to 350 millimeters, preferably about 250 millimeters. This also allows the elevator car to be safely moved to the vicinity of a next exit point for the purpose of evacuation.
- an evacuation control according to the invention is alternatively or additionally provided with a speed sensor, for example, the speed encoder of the drive machine is used for this purpose.
- the evacuation control keeps the standstill brake open only as long as a travel speed is below a permissible evacuation speed of, for example, 0.5 m / s.
- a counterweight is used to reduce the required drive energy.
- the counterweight also influences the driving ability of the drive system.
- the weight of the counterweight is usually at most equal to the sum of the weight of the elevator car and half of the maximum payload of the elevator system.
- the full compensation in which the drive energy is applied mainly to overcome the frictional resistance in the system, so there is load of the elevator car with half payload.
- the shape of the counterweight is preferably adapted to the shape and the size of the counterweight travel area, which is provided within the lift shaft for the elevator car or separate therefrom.
- the counterweight in the lift shaft is preferably guided in suitable guide rails.
- the weight of the counterweight (32) is selected such that it corresponds at least approximately to the sum of the empty weight and half of the permissible payload of the elevator car (10). This minimizes the maximum tractive force which the drive machine (14) has to apply for lifting, holding or lowering the elevator car (10).
- the elevator system is balanced, i. the prime mover (14) does not have to apply any holding force and only overcome frictional forces when lifting or lowering. The maximum tractive force then occurs when the elevator car (10) is empty (at which the counterweight (32) pulls down) and full elevator car (10) (at which the elevator car (10) pulls down).
- the drive machine (14) is chosen so that on the one hand apply this maximum tensile force as a static holding force and on the other hand also the inertial forces of the elevator car (10) including payload and the counterweight (32) occurring in a nominal speed profile in the long term or time -Hub lake can compensate.
- the overall weight of the elevator system can be optimized.
- the inventive drive machine described elsewhere in this document can no longer compensate for the same inertial forces as in the remaining operating range. Accordingly, it is proposed with reference to US 5,984,052, from a certain percentage payload value, z. 70%, 75% or 80%, the nominal velocity profile change and work only with lower accelerations, in a preferred manner is further provided according to the invention, from a certain threshold of payload, z. B. 50%, the speed (or the speed of the motor and / or the transmission) successively, in stages or continuously lower. In this case, a linear or parabolic / hyperbolic functional relationship between the actual value of the payload and the car speed or the engine speed can be stored in an elevator control.
- the elevator installation comprises in an embodiment an elevator car 10 (with the empty weight MK) which is designed for a permissible payload MLmax (for example 1500 kg).
- a support means is fixed, to which the drive machine 14 can apply a tensile force such that the elevator car 10 is raised, lowered or held at a height.
- the drive machine 14 can apply a maximum tensile force MFmax as a static holding force MFmaxA, as a dynamic permanent lifting force MFmaxUD and / or as a time-lifting force MfmaxUZ.
- the prime mover is selected according to a type disclosed elsewhere in this document.
- the dynamic lifting force which must compensate for inertial and frictional forces in addition to weight, is greater than the static holding force.
- the time-lifting force which the drive machine 14 can generate for a short time is generally greater than
- the prime mover 14 advantageously comprises a brake which can be integrated into a motor or formed separately therefrom, the static maximum power that can be generated by the prime mover 14 can be generated Holding force MFmaxA should also exceed the dynamic lifting force MFmaxU.
- safety brakes in elevator systems should exceed the nominal power of the drive motors in order to safely decelerate and hold the elevator car 10 in the event of a failure of the motors around the inertia forces occurring in such emergency braking, the dynamic loads during normal operation can safely exceed, the brakes can be correspondingly strong dimensions
- the weight MG of the counterweight 32 essentially corresponds to the sum of the empty weight MK and the difference between the maximum traction MFmax of the engine 14 and the permissible payload MLmax of the elevator car 10, in equation form
- the weight of the counterweight 32 does not have to correspond exactly to the sum of the empty weight and the difference between the maximum tensile force and the permissible payload.
- the counterweight 32 may, as explained below, be chosen to be somewhat larger, to provide inertia and frictional forces as well as additional weights of the suspension elements to take into account, so that applies
- the drive machine 14 described elsewhere can apply a maximum traction MFmax depending on the design. This is always at least greater than half the permissible payload MLmax, since otherwise the drive machine 14 could not hold or raise and lower either the full or empty elevator car 10
- the mass of the counterweight 32 is chosen so that the prime mover 14, with its maximum traction, the elevator car 10 with coupled counterweight 32 keep straight or with the
- the safety factors required for elevator systems can be taken into account, for example, in that a quotient of the design-related maximum tractive force of the drive machine 14 and a corresponding factor is set as the maximum tractive force MFmax in equation (1) or (2)
- a typical value range of this Safety range is 1, 1 to 2.0 This allows for usual acceleration and inertia factors, frictional losses, suspension element displacements or overload reserves.
- This safety factor is usually set for certain elevator categories. This safety factor is approximately 1, 3. This value is maintained when lifting people up to 10 floors
- this safety factor can already be included in the indication of the maximum tractive force MFmax of the drive machine 14. In this case, this safety factor need not be taken into account when optimizing the counterweight 32
- the drive machine 14 is selected from a series with predetermined graded tensile forces.
- the one drive machine 14 is selected with the smallest maximum tensile force sufficient to lift the elevator car 10 at a 50% -Ausbalanc ⁇ réelle, lower or Because with a 50% balance, the maximum traction required is minimal, so that a prime mover 14 must be able to apply this maximum traction force depending on the balance
- the thus selected drive machine 14 thus provides more (maximum) tensile force available as would be required for the specific application. This excess is used according to the invention to optimize the mass of the counterweight 32 as much as possible, that is to minimize.
- the inventive choice of mass of the counterweight (32) represents an optimal compromise between a 50% balance with, in the extreme case, minimal traction, and a balance on the statistical payload average, where the traction on a statistical average is minimal. It allows in particular to select the drive machine (14) from a series with predetermined graded tensile forces and thus makes it possible to resort to cost-effective series drive machines, these nevertheless optimally exploit and minimize costs of the elevator system.
- a minimal counterweight brings a number of advantages: First, material costs are already saved during production. On the other hand, the handling of a smaller counterweight 32 in the production, transport to the place of use, installation in the elevator shaft, maintenance and dismantling is much easier. Finally, a smaller counterweight advantageously requires less space in the elevator shaft (or a separate shaft).
- the mass of the counterweight 32 could preferably be made so small that the counterweight is equal to the weight of the empty elevator car 10. As Stawinoga in the journal Liftreport from Sept./Okt. In this case, further measures to protect against uncontrolled upward movements could be dispensed with in this case. The considerations described there for the design of the mass of the counterweight are used according to the invention.
- the support means may comprise one or more cables and / or one or more belts and / or suspension means of any shape and of any construction or with any material.
- a propellant ie rope (s) and / or straps which are attached to the elevator car 10 and the counterweight and / or loose and / or fixed rollers and / or one or more traction sheaves be redirected and / or attached to the building installation.
- the suspension means described in detail elsewhere in this document are used, which provide an additional adjustment possibility or an additional degree of freedom with regard to the distribution of the masses within the elevator system according to the invention.
- the (traction-transmitting) tensile carrier designed as ropes and / or fabric structures and coated with an elastomer, in particular polyurethane.
- An elastomeric coating increases in particular the traction or driving ability of the suspension element.
- An increase in the coefficient of friction by the advantageous coating allows in particular a reduction of the weight of the counterweight 32, since at a deflection over a traction sheave, the counterweight according to the Euler-Eytelwein equation should be at least e ⁇ of the elevator car weight (using coefficient of friction ⁇ between traction sheave and suspension means and deflection angle ⁇ ).
- the prime mover 14 preferably comprises a motor, in particular a frequency-controlled electric motor, and may have at least one traction sheave for converting an output torque of the motor into a tensile force on the suspension element.
- a brake can be provided which can apply a static holding torque on the at least one traction sheave.
- brakes all known friction and / or positive brakes come into consideration.
- one of the drives described elsewhere in this document is preferably provided.
- the maximum pulling force MFmax of the drive machine 14 is preferably the smallest value from the quantity
- the static holding force MFmaxA can exceed the dynamic lifting force MFmaxll.
- the static endurance force can fall below the dynamic (time) lifting force.
- the weight of the counterweight 32, MG or the empty weight MK and the permissible payload MLmax can be divided by a suspension factor of two if the suspension means is one elevator car and one counterweight side loose role (easy) is deflected.
- the divisor changes accordingly for the design of the weights. In a direct suspension, without loose roles, eliminates this divisor or he is equal to one.
- the empty weight of the elevator car 10 and / or the maximum tractive force of the drive machine 14 and / or the permissible payload of the elevator car 10 can be increased by the safety factor to take account of the inertial forces occurring during operation become.
- friction and / or the weight of the support and / or suspension means are taken into account.
- the counterweight can be divided, for example, into a plurality of individual part counterweights, which can be arranged, for example, on both sides of the elevator car 10 or in corner parts of the elevator shaft.
- counterweight plates or other structural elements made of metallic materials such as steel or lead are providable in all embodiments. Additionally or alternatively, mixtures of pressed materials can be used, which are filled in counterweight side arranged bulk containers or pressed with support structures.
- counterweights may include iron / concrete structures.
- stone slabs may also be used or containers filled with liquids (eg water) may be used alternatively or in combination with said other structural elements.
- the latter embodiment has the advantage that when load situations change or for special transports (transport of heavy machinery, furniture or the like) load balancing can be rapidly changed by additional filling of liquid.
- the cabin is arranged in an elevator shaft with a wall at least partially surrounding the shaft.
- the elevator shaft is preferred as a space bounded on several sides by vertical walls, in which the carriageway of the elevator car is enclosed.
- the roadway of the counterweight is located in the elevator shaft next to the roadway of the elevator car.
- the counterweight is accommodated in a further elevator shaft or in a counterweight traffic shaft which is separated at least in sections from the elevator shaft.
- Belonging to the elevator shaft are also at least 50 cm high shaft head in the upper end and an at least 50 cm deep pit in the lower end of the elevator shaft providable to provide any desired routes and shelters.
- the shaft pit is designed, for example, as part of the elevator shaft between the upper edge of the door sill of a lowermost stop and the shaft bottom.
- the shaft head and shaft pit lie outside the operating end positions of the elevator cabin and the counterweight on their lanes. For example, buffers for the elevator car and the counterweight can be arranged in the shaft pit. Further details are regulated by EN 81-1: 1998 including CORRIGENDUM 09.99.
- substantially rigid guide rails for the elevator car and the counterweight are arranged on the side walls of the hoistway to safely and accurately guide the elevator car or the counterweight on the lanes in the elevator shaft.
- the guide rails in the hoistway have the task of guiding the elevator car or the counterweight in their assigned lanes and base sections, in particular in a vertical movement. At the same time serve the guide rails to create the safety gear in the catching process.
- Guide rails for elevator systems often consist of a T-profile, optionally also of an angle profile, which is attached to a side wall of the elevator shaft.
- the belt-type suspension element according to the invention is preferably used in an elevator system according to the invention, in which elevator guide rails with improved sound and vibration-damping fastening elements are mounted in the elevator shaft.
- the fastening element according to the invention is an acoustic and / or vibration-damping fastening element for elevator guide rails, consisting of an anchor rail, which is connected by means of a damping medium with a support rail in which the anchor rail to wear specific anchor rail embedded in the damping medium parallel to elongated extent of the carrier rail is arranged to extend.
- the elongated extension runs largely parallel to the direction of travel of the car in the shaft.
- the anchor rail and carrier rail are spaced apart by at least one slot and this slot is filled by the damping medium.
- Damping medium is a material that is characterized by a much higher damping coefficient for sound and / or vibration than that of steel or aluminum.
- a slot is the space enclosed between two opposing L-profiles.
- the advantage of the invention is that the anchor rail, which is isolated from the carrier rail, can be loaded in all directions. This is accomplished by the filled with damping medium slot between anchor rail and carrier rail. With a damped stop or safety bolt, a component failure can be completely ruled out. It can then occur only definable maximum shear forces, which thus can not replace a detachment of lying between the support rail and the anchor rail rubber or damping medium. Forces in x-, y- and z-direction, as well as torsional moments can be recorded and attenuated accordingly, i. related to the profile cross-section in the longitudinal axis (z-axis), as well as transversely in both axes (x- and y-axes).
- Another advantage of the invention is that the entire unit can be integrated both on or on a component, as well as in a component. It is advantageous that as rubber or Dampfungsmediurn vuikaniSierbare both ais also pourable materials can be used
- the fastener is cut and mounted so that its length is tuned to a frequency to be absorbed
- FIG. 1 an elevator guide attachment according to the invention, in more schematic
- FIG. 1t shows an overall system
- the elevator guide rails 30t are fastened to a shaft wall 20t by the mounting bracket 40t.
- a fastening element 10t is inserted between the shaft wall and the mounting bracket in order to steam sound and vibrations
- Fig. 2t shows a fastener 10t according to the invention
- a support rail 1t consists of a base plate 1 1t and two L-profiles 1 1 t
- the support rail 1t is filled with a damping medium 5t, which preferably consists of a castable plastic elastomer or rubber
- a damping medium 5t is parallel to the support rail 1t extending anchor rail 2t
- the anchor rail 2t also consists of a base plate 2 1t and two L-profiles 2 1t, the L-profiles of the support rail 1t and the anchor rail 2t facing each other lie and the support rail It is madephiliit with the damping medium 5t.
- the damping medium can completely fill the carrier rail 1t, but may also be provided with cavities. Between the carrier rail and the anchor rail, a positive connection is created by the L profiles.
- This slot is dimensioned such that the vibrations caused by the guide rails 30t can not be transmitted to the shaft wall 20t.
- the support rail 1t is typically provided with mounting holes 3t to M16 anchor bolts.
- the anchor rail 2t is formed with a plurality of threaded holes 4t to M12 for receiving the guide mounts to be insulated.
- the damping medium 5t is e.g. vulcanized rubber.
- the shape of the two profiles 1t and 2t is chosen so that in principle a positive connection is present and the slot 6t is formed.
- the distance between the two profiles 1t and 2t in the unloaded state is approx. 3 - 5 mm and changes due to the load which may result from the guide shoe pressures and the building set (piercing forces).
- a sound bridge can practically arise, which in principle causes a change in the acoustic behavior. This can be evaluated as an indicator of a change in circumstances in general, e.g. Construction contraction that may be recoverable. Over the total length of the unit optimal insulation can be matched to the forces to be absorbed.
- the fastener 10t can advantageously produced as a piece of goods / bar stock and then, as needed, cut to length and thus exactly the needs adjusted: the shorter the softer / absorbent; the longer the stiffer / harder.
- the production is thus inexpensive.
- the elongated extent is defined as parallel to the direction of travel of the elevator car.
- the lateral extent is defined as perpendicular to the direction of travel of the elevator car.
- lengths of 250 - 500 mm are provided.
- the elongated extent is much larger than the lateral extent.
- the thicknesses of the complete units are 45 - 55 mm so that the surface pressure p does not fall below or exceed the ideal values of 0.25 ⁇ p ⁇ 0.40 N / mm.
- the hardness of the damping elements should be in the range of 50 - 70 SH A, so that the deflection can not exceed the value of 3 mm due to the system.
- the radio frequencies to be absorbed are always measured.
- the geometry or the hardness of the damping elements is determined by Schwingu ⁇ gs- or force measurement in the x-, y- and z-direction.
- the unit can be simulated by an FEM analysis.
- the natural frequency of the damping element should be at least 40% of the noise frequency.
- the natural frequency fe of the damping element can be calculated, for example, by the following approximate formula:
- m represents the mass of the guide rail lying between two successive attachment points and C represents the linear rigidity of the attachment elements.
- the length I of a fastener to attenuate a particular excitation frequency can thus be uniquely determined.
- the length of the fasteners may be e.g. be realized with a single operation / cut.
- the production can be done with drawn or with beveled basic profiles. But you can also operate with punched or lasered and then beveled small parts.
- the fastener 10t can be procured and processed by the simplest means. It does not need elaborate, preformed insulators. Commercially available, rectangular profiles are sufficient.
- the damping medium consists of a castable plastic.
- the advantages achieved by the invention are on the one hand in the security of attachment of the components in case of fire or heat and on the other hand in the low-cost production.
- As polyurethane combines well with sandblasted steel, is oil resistant, ozone resistant and age resistant than the known, with vulcanized Rubber dampers equipped fasteners.
- damping medium it is also possible to use other suitable materials.
- safety gear In general, two types of safety gear are used today: the safety gear and the safety gear.
- the safety catch is permitted only up to a certain operating speed, while the safety brake device is suitable for elevator systems with higher operating speeds.
- Both types of safety gear are firmly connected to the elevator car and usually mounted under the elevator car, but without the safety gears must be limited to this position. They usually consist of two catch housings with the catch organs (and indeed one catch housing for each of the two opposite guide rails), the transmission organs and the connection organs for the release of the safety gear. Both types of catch are triggered by a speed limiter / governor when a predetermined trip speed is exceeded. As a speed limiter, a distinction is made between two types: the pendulum controllers and the centrifugal governors.
- Safety gear can be used in addition to the elevator car for the counterweight. Further details and variants can be found in EN 81-1: 1998 including CORRIGENDUM 09.99. 1.6 landing doors and their safety equipment
- the Fahrschachtturen can be designed depending on the nature and purpose of an elevator system
- the various types of Fahrschachtturen can be divided into folding doors (or single and double-leaf revolving doors), Faltflugelturen, horizontally moving sliding doors, vertically moving sliding doors and special constructions
- TurverBanke as important safety devices of elevator systems can be divided on the one hand on the type of doors to be locked and on the other hand on the type of locking means used for revolving doors are, for example, door locks with sliding bolts or with damper locks known for horizontally moving sliding doors and for vertically moving sliding doors there
- a plurality of buffers are provided in the region of the shaft pit in order to prevent, for example, a failure of the brake of the drive system or when passing through the operating end positions of the elevator car, an overly hard placing of the elevator car or if necessary of the counterweight on the bottom of the shaft pit
- the buffers can either be designed as springs (energy-storing buffers) or hydraulically acting (energy-buffers)
- the present invention is basically applicable to elevator systems with any types, numbers and arrangements of buffers, but of course also with different cable configurations and cabins.
- the EN 81-1 1998 including CORRIGENDUM 09 99 governs more details 2nd drive system
- the elevator installation comprises an elevator car 10, which is movable upwards and downwards in an elevator shaft 12.
- the elevator car 10 is guided along vertical guide rails (not shown), for example, on the walls of the elevator shaft 12.
- an engine 14 which in particular comprises a drum 18 driven by a motor 16 (preferably motor and drum are constructed as an integral unit) and a controller (not shown).
- At least one support means 20 is present.
- a plurality of parallel support means 20 are present, as indicated in Fig. 1.
- the one end of the support means (s) 20 is mounted above the elevator car 10 and the other end of the support means (s) 20 is wound on the drum 18 of the prime mover 14.
- the movement of the elevator car 10 is carried out simply by winding and unwinding of / the support means (s) 20 on or from the drum 18 of the drive machine 14 by rotating this drum 18.
- support means are preferably round, rope-like, jacketed and non-jacketed Carrying means provided. In a modified embodiment, however, non-round, sheathed and non-jacketed support means are provided, the width of which also approximately correspond to their height. Details on the usable suspension elements can be found elsewhere in this document, which is referred to in its entirety.
- a possible construction of a drum drive according to the invention has been explained by way of example with reference to FIG. 1, numerous other variants are conceivable. While no counterweight is provided in the embodiment of FIG. 1 in contrast to the traction sheave drive to be explained below with reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B, such may be provided in a drum drive.
- the counterweight is then coupled via a second support means to the drum 18 of the prime mover 14 to reduce the required driving forces of the motor 16.
- buffers for the elevator car 10 are preferably arranged.
- the engine 14 is arranged in Fig. 1 in a machine room 22 above the elevator shaft 12, wherein the engine room 22 is separated from the elevator shaft 12 through a shaft ceiling 24, a cross member, a bridge or the like.
- the prime mover 14 may alternatively be arranged next to the elevator shaft 12.
- the prime mover 14 may also be mounted on the guide rails for the elevator car 10 and / or the counterweight.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B A (further) possible construction of an elevator installation according to the invention with a traction sheave drive will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B.
- the same or corresponding components as in the drum drive shown in Fig. 1 are provided with the same reference numerals.
- the elevator installation comprises an elevator car 10, which is movable upwards and downwards in an elevator shaft 12.
- the elevator car 10 is guided along vertical guide rails (not shown), for example, on the walls of an elevator shaft 12.
- a drive machine 14 is provided, which in particular has a driven by a motor 16 traction sheave / shaft 26 and a controller (not shown).
- a power transmission arrangement with at least one support means 20 is provided, the two free ends in or on the elevator shaft 12 at attachment points or fixed points 28a and 28b are attached.
- the suspension means end connection devices described at other parts of this document can be used.
- the suspension element 20 From the first attachment point 28a (on the left in FIGS. 2A and 2B), the suspension element 20 initially runs down along the elevator shaft 12, wraps around a counterweight support disc 30 to which a counterweight 32 hangs, and runs up again in the direction of the traction sheave 26 of the prime mover 14. After wrapping the traction sheave 26, the support means 20 extends down again and wraps around the elevator car 10, which has for this purpose on its underside two Kabinentragulationn 34 a and 34 b, which are respectively wrapped by the support means 20 by about 90 °. Subsequently, the support means 20 extends along the elevator shaft 12 again upwards to the second attachment point 28b.
- the traction sheave 26 transmits the forces generated by the motor 16 to the suspension element 20, which is coupled both to the elevator cage 10 and to the counterweight 32.
- the elevator car 10 and the counterweight 32 move through the support means 20 in opposite directions in the elevator shaft 12 upwards and downwards with a rotation of the traction sheave 26.
- Fig. 2A shows the elevator car 10 in its lower operating end position (i.e., the counterweight 32 in its upper position)
- Fig. 2B shows the elevator car 10 in its upper operating end position (i.e., the counterweight 32 in its lower position).
- a significant advantage of the traction sheave drive is the possibility to make do with relatively low engine torques of the engine 14 due to the provided counterweight 32.
- the counterweight 32 is also routed along vertical guide rails, for example, on the walls of the elevator shaft 12.
- buffers 38 for the elevator car 10 and buffer 40 for the counterweight 32 are usually arranged.
- the elevator car 10 and the counterweight 32 are arranged together in the elevator shaft 12, it is also possible for the counterweight 32nd to provide a separate Jacobgewizntsschacht which is separated from the Auf ⁇ iesschacht 12 by a partition or the like.
- two car washers 34a, 34b are provided in FIGS. 2A and 2B below the cabin floor of the elevator car 10 on both sides, so that the elevator car 10 is enclosed by the suspension element 20.
- the counterweight washer 30 may be mounted below it, rather than at the top of the counterweight 32, so that the support means 20 undermines the counterweight 32.
- the numbers of the support discs are of course not limited to only one counterweight washer 30 and the two car washers 34a, 34b.
- suspension element 20 While only one suspension element 20 is shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, it is customary in particular for safety reasons to provide a plurality of identical suspension elements 20 which run parallel to one another in the sense described above.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate a 1: 2 suspension of the elevator car 10 by the suspension means 20.
- 1: 4 suspension, 1: 8 suspension, etc. are also possible, in which the area of the support means 20 driven by the prime mover 14 moves four times, eight times, etc. times faster than the elevator car 10 .
- An elevator system with a 1: 4 suspension is described in detail for example in WO 2006/005215 A2 of the Applicant, which document is therefore incorporated herein by reference in its entirety with respect to the construction and operation of a 1: 4 suspension.
- the prime mover 14 is arranged in an engine room 22 above the elevator shaft 12 in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the machine room 22 being separated from the elevator shaft 12 by a shaft ceiling 24, a cross member, a bridge or the like.
- the prime mover 14 may alternatively be arranged below the elevator shaft 12 or next to this.
- the prime mover 14 may also be mounted on the guide rails for the elevator car 10 and / or the counterweight 32.
- the fastening points 28a, 28b for the free ends of the suspension element 20 are not necessarily positioned in the upper region of the elevator shaft 12. You can Similarly, the two attachment points 28a, 28b need not be arranged at the same (vertical) height, they may also be provided at different height positions.
- the free ends of the support means 20 can also be fixed directly to the counterweight 32 and to the elevator car 10, in particular to realize a 1: 1 suspension.
- sub-means of conveyance are generally used as well. They are stretched over a located in the pit 36 deflection pulley between the cabin floor and bottom counterweight 32. In this way, they should compensate for the weights of the upper support means 20 and prevent a "jumping" of the elevator car 10 or the counterweight 32 when the counterweight 32 and the elevator car 10 touches or catches.
- At least one elevator car and its associated elevator components can be positioned differently in an elevator shaft or a suitable lift structure, such as an open wall, iron truss or box structure.
- the guidance of the carrying and possibly the sub-carrying means depends largely on the positioning of the above elevator components and the suspension ratio of the at least one elevator car.
- at least one traction sheave and further deflection rollers, cabin and counterweight washers in the elevator shaft or the like can be positioned to guide the support or sub-support means between the attachment points of the support and Untertragstoffenden.
- the arrangement of these and other elevator components is also known by the term disposition.
- the individual components according to the invention are described in detail elsewhere in this document.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B show a first embodiment according to the invention of an elevator installation with an elevator car which is suspended on a suspension element 20 in a suspension ratio of 2: 1.
- EP 1 446 348 B1 further inventive embodiments of elevator systems with belt-like support means and an elevator car in Figs. 1 to 12 and the associated description are shown. It discloses different types of suspension of the elevator car and arrangements of elevator components such as the prime mover, the counterweights, the elevator car guide rails, the traction sheaves, the pulleys, the car washers and the counterweight washers and the guidance of the suspension means and positioning of the Tragstoffe ⁇ de ⁇ .
- EP 1 446 348 B1 is fully incorporated by reference for the design of possible variants of the present invention.
- EP 1 400 477 B1 shows in Fig. 6 a further embodiment of an inventive elevator system with alternative positioning of the drive machine and the traction sheaves above the elevator car.
- the corresponding disclosure of EP 1 400 477 B1 is fully referenced for the embodiment of possible variants of the present invention.
- the patent EP 1 550 629 B1 thematizes another special case of a suspension guide.
- a belt between two pulleys is arranged rotated about its longitudinal axis, so that a contoured Tragstoffober Structure, such as the V-ribs 80, can engage with complementary contoured peripheral surfaces of the two pulleys .
- the inventive suspension means described in detail in detail are particularly suitable for such an application, since they are each designed to be rotatable about its longitudinal axis. Accordingly, the mentioned disclosure of EP 1 550 629 B1 is fully referenced for the embodiment of possible variants of the present invention.
- a second group of dispositions present elevator systems which have at least two elevator cars. These elevator cars are arranged vertically above one another and are preferably movable independently of each other. For this purpose, several separate drive machines are preferably provided, which are described in detail elsewhere in this document.
- the patent EP 1 489 033 A1 describes in Figs. 1 to 4 two embodiments of an elevator system with two vertically stacked elevator cars.
- Fig. 1 4 relate in particular to the positioning of the drive machines which are traversable by the elevator cars.
- counterweights and different suspension ratios of the elevator cars and the associated counterweights are described, which are particularly suitable for a practical embodiment of the present invention. Accordingly, the mentioned disclosure of EP 1 489 033 A1 is fully referenced for the embodiment of possible variants of the present invention.
- WO 2006/065241 A1 are numerous other embodiments of belt-driven multi-cabin elevator systems, which have two vertically stacked elevator cars.
- Figures 1 to 12 of this patent make reference to different arrangements of prime movers, traction sheaves, pulleys, counterweight and cab bearing pulleys, as well as elevator car and counterweight suspension variants, and corresponding support means guides.
- the arrangements mentioned are all to be implemented advantageously in conjunction with the suspension elements disclosed according to the invention elsewhere in this document.
- the present disclosure describes concrete embodiments of the individual elevator elements and components. Accordingly, the mentioned disclosure of WO 2006/065241 A1 is fully referenced for the embodiment of possible variants of the present invention.
- FIGS. 1 to 9 of the patent WO 2006/011634 A1 show further exemplary embodiments of multi-car elevator systems.
- elevator systems with two and three elevator cars with several arrangement variants of the aforementioned elevator elements.
- Fig. 2 an arrangement of elevator car and counterweight washers is shown, which allows a conflict-free vertical guidance of the support means.
- the arrangements mentioned are all to be implemented advantageously in conjunction with the suspension elements disclosed according to the invention elsewhere in this document.
- the present disclosure describes concrete embodiments of the individual elevator elements and components. Accordingly, the mentioned disclosure of WO 2006/011634 A1 is fully referenced for the embodiment of possible variants of the present invention.
- FIGS. 1 to 7 of the patent WO 02/03801 A1 show a further embodiment of an elevator installation with two elevator cars.
- an engine assembly is above the upper elevator car shown.
- the arrangements mentioned are all to be implemented advantageously in conjunction with the suspension elements disclosed according to the invention elsewhere in this document.
- the present disclosure describes specific embodiments and further developments of the individual elevator elements and components mentioned in WO 02/03801 A1 (drive, traction sheave / shaft, deflection rollers, etc.). Accordingly, the mentioned disclosure of WO 02/03801 A1 is fully referenced for the embodiment of possible variants of the present invention.
- 1 K and 2 K show an embodiment according to the invention of an elevator installation for at least two elevator cars, each of which has its own drive machines A1 K, A2K and can be moved independently of one another in the vertical direction.
- the drive machines A1K, A2K are positioned in the shaft head above the elevator cars in the vicinity of first and second shaft walls.
- the first and second shaft walls are those shaft walls opposite one another, which preferably have no shaft door.
- the prime movers A1 K, A2K at two different levels, so that the two support means Z1 K, Z2K, where the elevator cars are suspended conflict-free and without mutual contact can be guided.
- the two support means Z1 K, Z2K are designed flat and belt-like.
- the other suspension means described in detail elsewhere in this document for suspending the cabs and counterweights are provided.
- the present invention provides the person skilled in numerous ways to fix the engine A1 K, A2K in the shaft.
- the person skilled in the art can arrange the two drive machines A1 K, A2K (wherein, moreover, all the drive machines or motors described in detail elsewhere in this document can be used), in particular at the same level.
- This variant is not shown purely for reasons of space, since a side view of the then consecutive drive machines A1 K, A2K is limited meaningful.
- the plan view of FIG. 4K shows an arrangement of the drive machines A1 K, A2K, which not only enables the already mentioned fixing of the drive machines A1K, A2K at different levels, but also fixation of the drive machines at the same level. This arrangement is particularly advantageous if the space in the shaft head are particularly narrow.
- the drive machines A1 K, A2K are each mounted on their own separate carrier, whereby extensive freedom in the orientation of the drive machines A1 K, A2K are given.
- the drive machines A1 K, A2K are attached to, on or under a common carrier.
- an upper drive machine A1 K is mounted on the upper side of the carrier and a lower drive machine A2K is mounted on the underside of the carrier.
- the traction sheave 1aK, 1bK is designed so that it is suitable for receiving one or more suspension elements Z1 K, Z2K.
- the support means Z1 K, Z2K are preferably elastomer-coated belts according to the invention with ribs arranged on one or both sides, which engage in corresponding recesses on the drive pulley and / or deflection or guide rollers.
- Belt variants such as smooth belts, conventional V-ribbed belts and single-sided or double-sided toothed belts with corresponding traction sheaves 2aK, 2bK are also usable.
- ropes such as single ropes, double ropes or multiple ropes
- the suspension means have rope-like tension members made of steel wire or Aramidfasem.
- Other variants and embodiments of the invention support means are also used; their details are described elsewhere in this document.
- the support means Z1 K, Z2K in Fig. 1 K is configured as a pulley, both at least one elevator car and at least one counterweight as a so-called "bottle", in particular suspended in a suspension strap loop.
- the suspension element Z1 K, Z2K is guided from a first attachment point 13aK, 13bK to a second attachment point 14aK, 14bK so that it is supported by a plurality of deflection rollers or cabin suspension pulleys and counterweight pulleys 2aK, 2bK, 3aK, 3bK, 4aK, 4bK, 5aK, 5bK and the traction sheave 1aK, 1bK is guided substantially torsion-free.
- the support means Z1 K, Z2K is thereby guided from a first attachment point 13aK, 13bK to the first deflection roller 2aK, 2bK such that the respective counterweight assigned to an elevator car is suspended on the counterweight carrying disks 3aK, 3bK as a bottle.
- the support means Z1 K, Z2K thus runs from the first attachment point 13aK, 13bK along a first or second shaft wall down to the counterweight sheave 3aK, 3bK, this wraps around from inside to outside at an angle of about 180 ° and leads back along a first or second shaft wall up to the first guide roller 2aK, 2bK.
- This first deflection roller 2aK, 2bK is located opposite the associated traction sheave IaK 1 1bK in the vicinity of second or first shaft walls.
- the first deflection roller 2aK, 2bK part of a deflection, which is connected via rigid bar-shaped rods with the drive module and forms an assembly with this.
- the advantage of this embodiment is the reduction in the number of components and the associated ease of assembly.
- the drive and deflection modules can be moved along the connecting rods, so that a flexible length adjustment of the assembly to the real dimensions of the shaft is possible.
- Another advantage is the modular construction of the assembly, which allows for convenient maintenance or replacement.
- the support means Z1 K, Z2K is now guided to the traction sheave 1aK, 1 bK along the shaft ceiling and wraps around this traction sheave 1aK, 1 bK from inside to outside in a wrap angle of 90 to 180 °.
- the suspension element Z1 K, Z2K generates a bottle suspension of the elevator car below the traction sheave 1aK, 1BK with the first 4aK, 4bK and second 5aK, 5bK cabin suspension disks, by the suspension element Z1K, Z2K from the traction sheave 1aK, 1BK along the first or second shaft walls down to first Kabinentragularn 4aK, 4bK is performed.
- the support means Z1K, Z2K wraps around the cabin support plate 4aK, 4bK from outside to inside in a wrap angle of about 90 ° and then leads horizontally to the second cabin support plate 5aK, 5bK. Finally, the suspension element Z1 K, Z2K reaches the second attachment point 14aK, 14bK from the inside to the outside at an angle of wrap of approximately 90 ° along first or second shaft walls after looping around the second cabin support plate 5aK, 5bK.
- a shim 6aK, 6bK is optional part of the drive module. With this shim 6aK, 6bK, the angle of wrap of the suspension element on the traction sheave 1aK, 1bK can be adjusted, or increased or decreased to transmit the desired traction forces from the traction sheave 1 aK, 1bK on the support means Z1 K, Z2K.
- the two axes formed by the drive machines A1K, A2K and the deflection rollers 2aK, 2bK are at an acute angle to third and fourth shaft walls.
- the third and fourth shaft walls are those walls facing each other in the shaft, which have at least one shaft door 8K. This ensures that the associated counterweights 12aK, 12bK, which are suspended as a bottle at the first attachment point 13aK, 13bK and the first deflection roller 2aK, 2bK, are positioned between the elevator car guide rails 10K of the elevator cars 7aK, 7bK and third and fourth shaft walls.
- the advantage of such an arrangement of the drive machine A1K, A2K and the deflection roller 2aK, 2bK lies in the space-saving and simple positioning of the counterweights 12aK, 12bK.
- the counterweights 12aK, 12bK are guided by counterweight guide rails 11aK, 11bK.
- the axis formed by the two car suspension disks 5aK, 5bK and 4aK, 4bK, on which the elevator car 7aK, 7bK is suspended is located a short distance adjacent to the elevator car guide rails 10K.
- moments are kept small, which are transmitted by the suspension forces of the support means Z1 K, Z2K on the elevator car 7aK, 7bK on the elevator car guide rails 10K.
- Figures 3K and 4K show two variants of the previously described embodiment of the invention.
- the suspension axles formed by the car washers 4aK, 4bK and 5aK, 5bK, on which the elevator car 7aK, 7bK is suspended either both in front of the elevator car guide rails 10K or one before and one behind the elevator car guide rails 10K.
- the skilled person may, depending on the space conditions in the shaft prefer one or the other solution, the first-mentioned symmetrical suspension is advantageous in terms of the time exerted by the elevator car 7aK, 7bK on the elevator car guide rail 10K moment.
- the space-saving positioning of at least one counterweight 12aK, 12bK between the elevator car guide rails 10K and a third or fourth shaft wall can be realized thanks to a special arrangement of the elevator car door 9K.
- the elevator cars 7aK, 7bK are placed flush with the floor at a floor stop, and the elevator car doors 9K are put together opened with the shaft doors 8K to allow the transfer of passengers from the front floor to the elevator car 7aK, 7bK.
- the elevator car doors 9K open, its sliding elements protrude into the shaft space and occupy a certain otherwise unobstructed shaft space.
- the elevator car door 9K does not consist, as usual, of two sliding elements, but of at least four sliding elements which can be telescopically pulled in and out, less shaft space is required during the opening process of the elevator car doors 9K. Thanks to the shorter sliding elements these sliding elements protrude with open elevator car door 9K less far into the shaft space and thus keep more space free for the counterweights 12aK, 12bK or other items in the shaft, such as electrical installation, sensors, safety device or electrical box.
- 5K and 6K show an arrangement with two lift cabs 7aK, 7bK suspended as a bottle.
- the upper elevator car 7aK is suspended as the upper bottle and elevator car 7bK as the lower bottle.
- This suspension variant is particularly advantageous when a minimal approach between the elevator cars is desired, for example, when the floor distances are small.
- both elevator cars 7aK, 7bK are suspended as upper bottles. This variant is advantageous if the space conditions in the pit are narrow.
- the upper elevator car 7aK with upper bottle can not be pressed by the support means Z1 K, Z2K into the shaft head.
- Figures 7K and 8K show a suspension with a 1: 1 suspension of the upper elevator car 7aK.
- the lower elevator car 7bK is hung according to the invention as a bottle.
- the lower elevator car 7bK can be suspended as an upper or lower bottle.
- 1 KK shows a further embodiment according to the invention of an elevator installation with at least two elevator cars 7aKK, 7bKK, each of which has its own drive machine A1KK, A2KK and can be moved independently of one another in the vertical direction.
- the drive machines A1 KK, A2KK are positioned laterally on first and second shaft walls.
- the first and second shaft walls are those opposite shaft walls, which have no Schachtte ⁇ .
- the prime movers A1KK, A2KK alternately on opposite shaft walls on two different shaft heights, which is usually the distance in the vertical direction at least one elevator car height.
- the drive machines A1 KK, A2KK define with their position at the same time the highest achievable point of an associated elevator car 7aKK, 7bKK, since the preferred inventive belt-like support means in the embodiment shown do not lift a suspension point of an elevator car 7aKK, 7bKK above the height of a traction sheave 1aKK, 1bKK can.
- two drive machines A1 KK, A2KK of adjacent elevator cars 7aKK, 7bKK are fixed at the same shaft height.
- the drive machine A1 KK, A2KK has a motor M1 KK, M2KK, as shown in Fig. 4KK, preferably an electric motor, a traction sheave 1aKK, 1bKK, and optionally via a control disc 13aKK, 13bKK, with which the wrap angle of the support means Z1 KK, Z2KK to the traction sheave 1aKK, 1 bKK and the horizontal distance of the support means Z1 KK, Z2KK to the drive A1 KK, A2KK, the elevator car 7aKK, 7bKK or the counterweight 12aKK, 12bKK can be adjusted.
- a motor M1 KK, M2KK as shown in Fig. 4KK, preferably an electric motor, a traction sheave 1aKK, 1bKK, and optionally via a control disc 13aKK, 13bKK, with which the wrap angle of the support means Z1 KK, Z2KK to the traction sheave 1aKK, 1 bKK and the horizontal distance of the support means
- the motor M 1 KK, M2KK is positioned vertically above the traction sheave 1aKK, 1bKK. Thanks to this arrangement, the prime mover A1 KK, A2KK can be positioned in the light projection of the counterweights 12aKK, 12bKK between the elevator cars 7aKK, 7bKK and first and second shaft walls. As a result, the drive machines A1 KK, A2KK can be driven over by the elevator cars 7aKK, 7bKK and can thus be mounted in a space of the shaft which is not otherwise required. In comparison with conventional machine-room-less elevators, you gain the space in the shaft head and / or in the shaft pit.
- the motor M1 KK, M2KK the prime mover A1 KK, A2KK drives the traction means Z1 KK, Z2KK via traction sheave 1 aKK, 1 bKK.
- the traction sheave 1aKK, 1bKK is designed so that it is suitable to receive one or more suspension elements Z1KK, Z2KK.
- the suspension elements Z1KK, Z2KK are preferably designed as elastomer-coated belts or cables with longitudinally oriented ribs on one or more sides of the suspension element, which engage in one or more drive disk-side recesses.
- Belt variants such as flat, flat belts, conventional V-ribbed belts and single-sided or double-sided toothed belts with corresponding 1aKK, 1bKK traction sheaves can also be used.
- various types of ropes such as single ropes, double ropes or multiple ropes can be used.
- the suspension means have in particular seüartige tensile sus steel wire or aramid or Vectran, which are completely enclosed by an elastomeric sheath. Further variants of suspension means which can be used according to the invention are described in detail elsewhere in this document and can be used with advantage in connection with the dispositions described herein.
- the at least two elevator cars 7aKK, 7bKK and two counterweights 12aKK, 12bKK are suspended on the suspension elements Z1KK, Z2KK as a "bottle".
- the elevator cars have at least one first and one second car carrier disk 2aKK, 2bKK, 3aKK, 3bKK which are fastened in a lower region of the elevator cars 7aKK, 7bKK.
- These car washers 2aKK, 2bKK, 3aKK, 3bKK have on the outer periphery one or more grooves, which can accommodate one or more support means Z1 KK, Z2KK sections and are designed to be complementary to the selected suspension means.
- the Kabinentraginen 2aKK, 2bKK, 3aKK, 3bKK are therefore suitable for the guidance of support means Z1 KK, Z2KK and are brought into contact with the latter.
- the elevator cars 7aKK, 7bKK are thus preferably suspended as a bottom block.
- the car washers 2aKK, 2bKK, 3aKK, 3bKK are located in the upper region of the elevator car 7aKK, 7bKK. According to the above description, the elevator car 7aKK, 7bKK is suspended as a top bottle.
- the counterweight 12aKK, 12bKK is preferably suspended from the third counterweight support disk 4aKK, 4bKK as the upper cylinder below the associated drive machine A1KK, A2KK.
- the present invention mentioned counterweight washers, cabin sheaves, drive pulleys or drive shafts are as well as other deflection and guide pulleys of the suspension means analogous to the detail described elsewhere in this document deflecting, guiding and traction sheaves, which is why the features described elsewhere in this document for a Specification or modification of the present embodiments can be used.
- the same applies in principle to all other elevator elements such as drive unit, fixed points, monitoring sensors, etc.
- the suspension element Z1 KK, Z2KK is moved from a first attachment point SaKK, 5bKK to a second attachment point 6aKK, 6bKK via a plurality of lift cage or counterweight pulleys 2aKK, 2bKK, 3aKK, 3bKK, 4aKK, 4bKK and the traction sheave 1aKK, 1 bKK from the first shaft wall led to the second shaft wall.
- the first attachment point 5aKK, 5bKK is located opposite the associated drive machine A1 KK, A2KK at approximately the same shaft height in the vicinity of a first or second shaft wall.
- the second attachment point 6aKK, 6bKK is located in the vicinity of the associated drive machine A1 KK, A2KK on an opposite second or first shaft wall.
- the support means Z1 KK, Z2KK runs along a first or second shaft wall down to the second Kabinentragin 3aKK, 3bKK, wraps around this from outside to inside at an angle of about 90 ° and leads to the first Kabinentragin 2aKK, 2bKK.
- the suspension element Z1 KK, Z2KK wraps around this first cabin support plate 2aKK, 2bKK from inside to outside again by approximately 90 ° and is then guided along the elevator cage 7aKK, 7bKK upwards to the traction sheave 1aKK, 1 bKK and wraps it around from inside to outside by approx 150 °.
- the wrap angle can vary within a range of 90 ° to 180 °.
- the support means Z1KK, Z2KK along a second or first shaft wall down to the counterweight plate 4aKK, 4bKK out wraps this from outside to inside by about 180 ° and is again along a second or first shaft wall up to the second attachment point 6aKK, 6bKK out ,
- An adjusting disc 13aKK, 13bKK is optionally part of the drive machine A1 KK, A2KK. With this adjusting disc 13aKK, 13bKK, the angle of wrap of the suspension element on the traction sheave 1aKK, 1bKK can be adjusted, or increased or decreased, in order to transfer the desired traction forces from the traction sheave 1aKK, 1bKK to the suspension element Z1KK, Z2KK.
- the elevator cars 7aKK, 7bKK are guided by two elevator car guide rails 10.1 KK, 10.2KK.
- the two elevator cab guide rails 10 1 KK, 10 2KK form a connecting plane VKK, which almost always runs through the center of gravity SKK of the two elevator cars 7aKK, 7bKK.
- the elevator cars 7aKK, 7bKK are eccentrically suspended
- the counterweight shims 2aKK, 2bKK, 3aKK, 3bKK, 4aKK, 4bKK and traction sheaves 1aKK, 1 bKK lie on one side of the connecting plane VKK 1
- Components which are associated with an elevator car 7aKK, 7bKK thus lie either between third shaft walls and the connection plane VKK or between fourth shaft walls and the connection plane VKK.
- Third or fourth shaft walls denote shaft walls which have at least one shaft groove 9KK and the shaft wall opposite thereto
- the distance yKK of the suspension elements Z1KK, Z2KK and the connection plane VKK is approximately equal.
- the suspension elements Z1KK, Z2KK of an elevator car 7aKK, 7bKK are supported alternately on one side or on the other side of the connection plane VKK.
- the counterweights 12aKK, 12bKK are on opposite shaft walls between the elevator cage guide rails
- the counterweights 12aKK, 12bKK are laterally offset in the vicinity of.
- the cranes are suspended in the center of gravity SKK on the suspension elements Z1 KK, Z2KK third and fourth shaft walls
- the axes of rotation of the traction sheaves 1aKK, 1bKK and the elevator car and counterweight sheaves 2aKK, 2bKK, 3aKK, 3bKK, 4aKK, 4bKK are parallel to first or second shaft walls
- the aforementioned components are designed such that they have four support means arranged parallel to one another Z1 KK, Z2KK can drive these or drive in the case of the traction sheave 1aKK, 1 bKK also to lift the suspension Z1 KK, Z2KK can have the elevator car and counterweight plates 2aKK, 2bKK, 3aKK, 3bKK, 4aKK, 4bKK and traction sheaves 1aKK, 1bKK four specially trained contact surfaces, which in the case from KeilriDDennemen or ropes for example!
- Riü ⁇ n or in the case of belts z B are designed as cambered surfaces or teeth or provided with a flat contact surface with Fuhrungsschultern These four contact surfaces can be applied either on a common cylindrical base or per four individual roles with a common axis of rotation
- one to four or more individual support disks or Fuhrungs- or deflection rollers are arranged with or without distance to each other on a common axis of rotation Each roll depending on the design one to four or, if necessary, more support means Z1 KK, Z2KK record
- FIG. 3KK shows an alternative suspension arrangement Centrally suspended elevator cabs 7aKK, 7bKK
- the suspension elements Z1 KK, Z2KK are guided on both sides of the connecting plane VKK by the lift cage and counterweight pulleys 2aKK, 2bKK, 3aKK, 3bKK, 4aKK, 4bKK and traction sheaves 1aKK, 1bKK.
- the suspension is associated with the Connection plane VKK arranged symmetrically Since in this case the suspension center substantially coincides with the center of gravity of the elevator car 7aKK, 7bKK, no additional moments act on the Aufzugskabinenbowungsschienen 10 1 KK, 102KK
- the associated car washers 2a 1 KK, 2a 2KK 1 2b 1KK, 2b 2KK, 3a 1KK, 3a 2KK, 3b 1KK 1 3b 2KK and traction sheaves 1a 1KK 1 1a 2KK, 1 b 1 KK, 1 b 2KK preferably has at least two rollers arranged on the left and right of the connecting plane VKK.
- the counterweights 4aKK, 4bKK of the counterweights 12aKK, 12bKK preferably also comprise at least two rollers, which are preferably arranged symmetrically on the left and right of the connecting plane VKK but not shown in FIG. 3KK for clarity.
- the elevator car and counterweight pulleys 2aKK, 3aKK, 4aKK and the traction sheave 1aKK assigned to the upper elevator car 7aKK are arranged at a first distance xKK to the connection plane VKK
- Counterweight washers 2bKK, 3bKK, 4bKK and the traction sheave 1bKK are spaced at a second distance XKK.
- Binding level VKK arranged, wherein the first distance xKK is smaller than the second distance XKK.
- the counterweights 12aKK, 12bKK are advantageously suspended in their center of gravity on the support means Z1 KK, Z2KK between the elevator car guide rails 10.1KK 1 10.2KK and first or second shaft walls. Since the elevator cars 7aKK, 7bKK are now centrally suspended, the counterweights 12aKK, 12bKK are also preferably located in a central region of the first and second shaft walls. Thanks to this central position of the counterweights 12aKK, 12bKK, the clearance between the lateral ends of the counterweights 12aKK, 12bKK and third and fourth shaft walls increases. This gives you room to maneuver for the counterweights 12aKK, 12bKK.
- a narrower and wider counterweight 12aKK, 12bKK can be used to make better use of the space.
- the elevator car 7aKK, 7bKK gains width or for a given elevator car size, the shaft cross-section can be reduced.
- 4KK shows a drive machine A1 KK which is fixed on a cross member 19KK, which is fastened to an elevator car guide rail 10.1KK and / or the counterweight guide rails 11a.1KK, 11a.2KK and / or to a shaft wall.
- Fig. 4KK can be further recognized:
- the motor M1 KK with preferably arranged vertically below the traction sheave 1 aKK and optional adjusting disc 13aKK,
- connection plane VKK is mirror-inverted with respect to the connection plane VKK in comparison with the arrangement of FIG. 2KK.
- the drive machines A1 KK, A2KK can also be fixed directly to the shaft walls.
- the drive machines A1 KK, A2KK may optionally be dispensed with one or more cross member 19KK.
- Another erfindu ⁇ gsgemässesimportesbeispis! shows an elevator unit, which has two vertically stacked elevator cars with a common counterweight.
- Pulleys, deflecting auxiliary rollers and counterweight shims are generally shown in sections perpendicular to their axes of rotation as black circular surfaces.
- Traction sheaves are generally shown in sections perpendicular to their axes of rotation as circular lines. Those parts of the suspending struts or sub-strands located between one of the elevator cars and an upper counterweight washer are shown with different lines than those parts of the stringer strands located between the other elevator car K2R and the upper counterweight washer are located.
- a standard diameter signature and one of the numbers 1 or 2 shall indicate whether the respective points are one or two suspension element strands or sub-strand strands; It is also indicated which suspension element strands or sub strands are involved.
- Figures 1AR, 1 BR and 1CR show a first embodiment of an elevator installation 10R according to the invention. These are schematized side views and sections, on the basis of which the basic elements of the invention will be explained.
- a lower elevator car K1R and an upper elevator car K2R of the new elevator installation 10R are located one above the other in a common elevator shaft 11 R.
- the counterweight 12R is suspended on an upper counterweight pulley 12.1R in a so-called 2: 1 suspension.
- Counterweight washer is also a disc assembly with more than one disc to understand.
- vi R is a speed of the lower elevator car K1 R
- v2R a speed of the upper elevator car K2R
- v3R a speed of the counterweight 12R indicated.
- the drive means comprise a first drive machine for the lower elevator car K1 R and a second drive machine for the upper elevator car K2R.
- even more, ie more than two elevator cars are provided within the shaft.
- the first drive machine associated with the lower elevator car K1 R comprises a first motor M.A1R and a second motor M.B1R.
- the motors M.A1R and M.B1R are preferably operated synchronized (e.g., electrically or electronically).
- the first motor M.A1 R is coupled to a first traction sheave 13.A1 R.
- the second motor M.B1R is coupled to a second traction sheave 13.B1R.
- the motors are mechanically coupled to one another via couplings and / or freewheels and can be decoupled.
- the second drive machine which is assigned to the upper elevator car K2R, has a third motor M.AB2R.
- the third motor M.AB2R is coupled via a common shaft to a third traction sheave 13.A2R and a fourth traction sheave 13.B2R. That is, in this embodiment, a common motor M.AB2R is provided for driving two traction sheaves 13.A2R and 13.B2R.
- two separate motors can also be used here.
- the presently described elevator installation 10R further comprises a flexible suspension element TAR, TBR, which essentially consists of a first suspension element strand TAR and a second suspension element strand TBR.
- the suspension element strands TAR and TBR each have a first end and a second end to which they are fixed.
- each of the support medium strands TAR and TBR by two or more parallel arranged support means elements, such as by several identical, described elsewhere in this document support means, in particular four to eight elastomer sheathed belt or four to eight cables formed.
- each suspension element strand TAR and TBR can also comprise only one or two belts or one to two cables.
- the (inner, coated with plastic or rubber) tensile support this suspension element strands TAR and TBR are advantageously made of stranded steel wires, aramid fibers or Vectran fibers and / or according to further alternative exemplary embodiments described elsewhere in this document.
- the first traction sheave 13.A1 R and the second traction sheave 13.A2R are assigned to the first suspension element strand TAR, while the third traction sheave 13.B1R and the fourth traction sheave 13.B2R are assigned to the second suspension element strand TBR.
- the traction sheaves are preferably designed in accordance with the traction sheaves or shafts constructed elsewhere in this document, the person skilled in the art selecting the suitable variant according to his requirements and according to the technical requirements.
- the motor M.A1 R and the traction sheave 13.A1 R for the lower elevator car K1 R are arranged at a first height.
- the motor M.B1R and the traction sheave 13.B1 R, also for the lower elevator car K1 R, are arranged at a second height.
- the motor M.AB2R and the traction sheaves 13.A2R and 13.B2R for the upper elevator car K2R are also arranged in the second height.
- the second altitude is below the first altitude. This arrangement is advantageous, but of course not mandatory. Details of the traction sheave / engine configuration according to the invention are described in detail elsewhere in this document, so that the person skilled in the art can be referred to it.
- the elevator installation 10R can also have four motors, in which case each traction sheave or each end of the suspension element strands can be assigned its own motor. It is advantageous for a desired uniform traction, if each end of the suspension element strands is assigned its own traction sheave, so as to be able to introduce the driving forces particularly uniformly in the suspension element strands TAR, TBR.
- the elevator installation 10R comprises a plurality of deflection rollers, in the present example a first deflection roller 14.A1R, a second deflection roller 14.A2R for the first suspension element strand TAR, a third deflection roller 14.B1R for the second suspension element strand TBR, and a fourth deflection roller 14.A3R, 14.B2R for the two suspension element strands TAR and TBR.
- the pulleys are described in detail elsewhere in this document.
- the lower elevator car K1 R has in its lower elevator car area B1 R a first attachment point 15.1 R (first fixed point) and a second attachment point 15.11 R (second fixed point), which are arranged laterally on opposite sides of the elevator car K1 R.
- the upper elevator car K2R has in its upper elevator car area a third fastening point 15.2R (third fixed point) and a fourth fastening point 15.22R (fourth fixed point), which are preferably arranged at least approximately centrally.
- the fixed points can practically coincide at 15.2R / 15.22R. In FIG. 1AR, they are shown without horizontal spacing for the sake of clarity of the drawing.
- the suspension element strands TAR, TBR are fixed.
- Each of the elevator cars K1R and K2R is thus suspended on both suspension element strands TAR and TBR.
- the elevator cars K1 R and K2R are suspended in a so-called 1: 1 suspension on the suspension element strands TAR and TBR, as will be described in detail below.
- the first suspension element strand TAR extends from the first fastening point 15.1 R on the lower elevator car K1 R, where it is fastened with its first end, upwards and directly to the first traction sheave 13.A1 R.
- the first suspension element strand extends from the traction sheave 13.A1R TAR, for example via a first pulley 14.A1 R and via a second pulley 14.A2R down to the upper counterweight pulley 12.1 R. From the upper counterweight pulley 12.1 R from the first suspension element strand TAR is further led upwards and via a pulley 14.A3R to the third traction sheave 13.A2R.
- the first suspension element strand TAR is guided directly to the central attachment point 15.2R / 15.22R on the upper elevator car K2R, where it is fastened with its second end.
- the central attachment point 15.2R / 15.22R on the upper elevator car K2R, where it is fastened with its second end.
- the second suspension element strand TBR runs from the second attachment point 15.11 R on the lower elevator car K1 R upwards and directly to the second traction sheave 13.B1R. From the latter runs the second suspension element strand TAR via the fourth guide roller 14.B1 R down to the upper Jacobisstragin 12.1 R. From the latter runs the secondmaschineschstrang TAR upwards, via the guide roller 14.B2R on to the fourth traction sheave 13.B2R and from this immediately to the central attachment point 15.2R / 15.22R at the upper elevator car K2R. Immediately to the upper Jacobisstragcade 12. IR or from this away, the two suspension element strands TAR and TBR run parallel.
- Fig. 1CR shows how the force is applied by the suspension element strands TAR and TBR for the elevator car K1 R.
- Fig. 1DR shows an alternative thereto.
- FIGS. 1AR, 2R and 3R show an advantageous arrangement of the traction sheaves 13.A1R, 13.B1R, 13.A2R, 13.B2R in the uppermost region of the elevator shaft 11 R.
- the traction sheaves 13.A1R, 13.B1 R, 13. A2R, 13.B2R are perpendicular, that is arranged with horizontal axes, as shown in Fig. 3R, arranged. Further embodiments and modifications of the traction sheaves or shafts are described elsewhere in this document and used here.
- a guide device for the vertical guidance of the elevator cars K1 R and K2R in the elevator shaft 11 R comprises two stationary guide rails 19.1 R and 19.11 R which extend vertically along opposite sides of the elevator shaft 11 R and are fastened thereto in a manner not shown.
- the guide device also includes guide bodies, not shown. On both sides of each of the elevator cars K1R and K2R preferably two guide bodies are mounted in vertically aligned arrangement, which cooperate with the respective guide rails 19.1 R and 19.1 1 R.
- the guide body on one side of the elevator cars K1 R, K2R are advantageously mounted in as large a height as possible.
- the guide rails 19.1 R and 19.11 R are arranged at the corner to the counterweight 12R.
- Another guide device with two guide rails 19.2R 1 19.22R is arranged in the region of the narrow sides of the counterweight 12R and serves to guide the counterweight 12R.
- the first suspension element strand TAR starting from the first attachment point 15.1 R on the lower elevator car K1R, runs along the same side of the elevator shaft 11R as the guide rail 19.1 R.
- the second suspension element strand TBR starting from the second attachment point 15.11R on the lower elevator car K1 R, runs along the same side of the elevator shaft 11 R as the guide rail 19.11 R.
- Fig. 1CR shows the same lower elevator car K1R, but with the attachment points 15.1 R and 15.11 R in the upper elevator car area. Again, these are the fixed point configurations according to the invention are applicable, as described elsewhere in this document.
- Fig. 2R shows another embodiment of the invention. This includes all of the structural elements described with reference to FIGS. 1AR 1 1BR and 1CR and additional means for better tensioning the suspension element strands TAR and TBR and for better guiding the elevator cars K1 R and K2R and the counterweight 12R.
- the elevator system 10R according to FIG. 2R for this purpose comprises a lower counterweight washer 12.2R which is suspended on the counterweight 12R.
- Centrally located at the lower area B1 R of the lower elevator car K1 R are a fifth attachment point 15.3R (fifth fix point) and a sixth attachment point 15.33R (sixth fix point), which practically coincide at 15.3R / 15.33R.
- a seventh attachment point 15.4R (seventh fixed point) and an eighth attachment point 15.44R.
- the seventh attachment point 15.4R and the eighth attachment point 15.44R are in the present embodiment close to those sides of the elevator shaft 11R, on which the guide rails 19.1 R, 19.11 R extend.
- the seventh and eighth attachment points 15.4R, 15.44R are located in the upper area of the elevator car K2R.
- a flexible subagent SAR, SBR consists essentially of a first subgroup strand SAR and a second subbeam strand SBR.
- Each of the subcarrier strands SAR and SBR has a first end and a second end.
- each of the subcarrier strands SAR, SBR is formed by two or more parallel subcarrier elements, such as by several, in particular four to eight described in any other part of this document inventive support means.
- each subgroup strand SAR, SBR can also comprise only one belt or a rope or combinations of the inventive suspension elements.
- the tensile carriers of these sub-carrier strands SAR, SBR are advantageously made of steel, aramid or Vectran and / or as described in detail elsewhere in this document.
- the first and second attachment points 15. IR, 15.1 IR and the fifth and sixth attachment points 15.3R, 15.33R are located together in the lower area B1 R of the elevator car K1 R or depending on a lower area B1R or upper area of the elevator car K1 R.
- the first and second attachment points 15.1 R, 15.11 R in the upper region of the elevator car K1 R is the advantage in the application of shorter suspension element strands TAR, TBR.
- Are the first and second attachment points 15.1R 1 15:11 R together with the fifth and sixth attachment points 15.3R, 15.33R in the lower part of the elevator car B1 R K1 R is the advantage in the simple construction of the elevator car K1R.
- the force-introducing structure may then comprise a simple, common beam element on which a plurality of attachment points are arranged.
- a plurality of deflecting rollers are arranged in the lower region of the elevator shaft 1 1R whose geometry and production are described elsewhere in this document, in particular in analogy to other deflection and / or guide rollers.
- two tension rollers 16.A1R, 16.A2R for the first sub-carrier line TAR and two tension rollers 16.B1 R, 16.B2R for the second sub-carrier line TBR are provided.
- two auxiliary rollers 17.A1 R and 17.A2R for the first sub-strand TAR and two auxiliary rollers 17.B1 R, 17.B2R are provided for the second Substrate strand TBR whose geometry and production elsewhere in this document, in particular in analogy to deflection - And / or leadership roles is described.
- a biasing arrangement 16R is provided.
- the first sub-strand SAR is fixed with its first end to the central attachment point 15.3R / 15.33R of the lower elevator car K1 R and runs from there to the tension rollers 16.A1R and 16.A2R to the lower counterweight pulley 12.2R From the lower counterweight pulley 12.2R runs the First sub-strand SAR via the pulleys 17.A1R and 17.A2R to the seventh mounting point 15.4R to the upper elevator car K2R, where it is attached with its second end.
- the second U ⁇ tertragstoffstrang SBR is attached with its first end at the central attachment point 15.3R / 15.33R the lower elevator car K1 R and runs from there to the tension rollers 16.B1 R and 16.B2R to the lower counterweight disk 12.2R. From the lower counterweight pulley 12.2R, the second sub-strand of pulleys SBR pass via the pulleys 17.B1R and 17.B2R to the eighth attachment point 15.44R on the upper elevator car K2R where it is secured with its second end.
- FIG. 3R is an enlarged view of FIG. 1 BR showing details that are not or not clearly shown in FIG. 1CR. Shown in particular are a first vertical center plane E1R, a second vertical center plane E2R, a first vertical diagonal plane D1 R and a second vertical diagonal plane D2R.
- the first attachment point 15.1 R and the second attachment point 15.1 1 R lie in the lower elevator car area on opposite sides of the lower elevator car K1 R, on opposite sides of the first vertical center plane E1R and on opposite sides of the second vertical center plane E2R, about a substantially centrically symmetrical, ie to ensure a balanced introduction of force into the elevator car K1 R (not visible in FIG. 3R).
- This balanced introduction of force has the advantage that it comes to less friction and wear on the guide rails.
- the occurrence of audible or noticeable blows while driving is significantly reduced
- the attachment point 15.2R / 15.22R is located centrally on the upper elevator car area of the upper elevator car K1 R, so that here too a central force introduction takes place (not visible in FIG. 3R).
- FIGS. 1AX, 1BX and 1CX show a further embodiment of an elevator installation 10X according to the invention. These are schematized side views and sections, on the basis of which the basic elements of the invention will be explained.
- a lower elevator car K1X and an upper elevator car K2X of the new elevator system 1OX are located one above the other in a common elevator shaft 11X in which they can move independently of each other.
- v1X is a speed of the lower elevator car K1X
- v2X a speed of the upper elevator car K2X
- v3X a speed of the counterweight 12X indicated.
- first drive machine M1X for the lower elevator car K1X and a second drive machine M2X for the upper elevator car K2X.
- a first traction sheave 13.1X is coupled to the first prime mover M1X
- a second traction sheave 13.2X is coupled to the second prime mover M2X. Details of inventive drive machines, which can also be used here, are described elsewhere in this document, which is why reference may be made thereto.
- the cabs have so-called fixed points or attachment points, on which entire support means or suspension element strands are fixed on the cab side.
- the lower elevator car K1X has in its upper area on the left a first attachment point 15.1X and on the right a second attachment point 15.11X.
- the upper elevator car K2X has, likewise in its upper area on the right, a third attachment point 15.2X and on the left a fourth attachment point 15.22X.
- the elevator cars K1X and K2X are suspended in a so-called 1: 1 suspension on flexible support means TAX, TBX, as will be described in detail below.
- the support means units TAX, TBX consist essentially of a first suspension element strand TAX and a second suspension element strand TBX, each of which has a first and a second end.
- the suspension element strands TAX, TBX are fixed to the elevator cars K1X and K2X, respectively, such that each of the elevator cars K1X and K2X is suspended on each of the suspension element strands TAX and TBX.
- each of the suspension element strands TAX and TBX is formed by two or more parallel support means elements, such as by two, three, four, five, six or more substantially identical elastomer sheathed belts or cables described elsewhere in this document.
- each suspension element line TAX and TBX can also comprise only one covered belt or one rope.
- the tension members of these suspension element struts TAX and TBX are advantageously made from stranded steel wires, aramid fibers or Vectran fibers or as shown elsewhere in this document.
- the first suspension element line TAX is fastened with its first end at the first attachment point 15.1 X to the lower elevator car K1X, runs from there upwards to the first deflection roller 14.1 X, and further to the right to the first traction sheave 13.1 X, around which it has a wrap angle of at least 90 ° is guided.
- the second suspension element strand TBX is fastened with its first end at the second attachment point 15.11X to the lower elevator car K1X and runs from there upwards to the first traction sheave 13.1X, around which it is guided with a wrap angle of at least 180 °.
- the two suspension element strands TAX and TBX run parallel from the traction sheave 13.1 X parallel down to the upper counterweight sheave 12.1 X, where they are deflected by 180 °.
- the first suspension element line TAX is guided around the second traction sheave 13.2X with a wrap angle of at least 180 °.
- the second suspension element strand TBX is guided at a wrap angle of at least 90 ° about the second traction sheave 13.2X.
- the first suspension element line TAX runs down to the third attachment point 15.2X on the upper elevator car K2X, to which its second end is fastened.
- the second suspension element strand TBX runs to the left to the guide pulley 14.2X and then to the fourth attachment point 15.22X on the upper elevator car K2X, to which its second end is fastened.
- 1CX and 6X show how the introduction of force through the suspension element strands TAX and TBX for each of the elevator cars K1X and K2X takes place at least approximately centrally symmetrically, such that a tendency of the elevator cars to tilt about a horizontal tilting axis lying in the center plane E1X is counteracted.
- This type of suspension is also referred to here as a balanced suspension. It ensures that tilting of the lift cabins K1X or K2X is prevented even in the case of asymmetrical loading of the elevator cars, or that the extent of tipping is kept within reasonable limits.
- FIGS. 1AX, 2X, 3AX, 4X and 5X show an advantageous arrangement of the traction sheaves 13.1X and 13.2X in the uppermost region of the elevator shaft.
- the traction sheaves 13.1X and 13.2X are vertical, that is arranged with horizontal axes A1X and A2X, as shown in Fig. 6X, arranged.
- a particularly favorable arrangement with a conflict-free guidance of the suspension element strands TAX and TBX is obtained by arranging the drive machines M1X and M2X offset in height one above the other, wherein the offset advantageously corresponds at least to the radius of the traction sheaves 13.1X and 13.2X.
- the suspension element strands TAX, TBX to some extent interchange their places. That means, the Suspension element TAX is attached to the lower elevator car KIX on the left and to the upper elevator car K2X on the right; and the suspension element string TBX is attached to the lower elevator car K1X on the right and to the upper elevator car K2X on the left. This ensures that the total lengths of the two suspension element strands TAX, TBX are not very different, which is advantageous in terms of their behavior (in particular thermal expansion and elastic elongation).
- the suspension element strands TAX, TBX can also be arranged uncrossed in a modified embodiment.
- a guide device for the vertical guidance of the elevator cars K1X and K2X in the elevator shaft 11X comprises two stationary guide rails 19X which extend vertically along opposite sides of the elevator shaft 11X and are fastened in a manner not shown.
- the guide device also includes guide bodies, not shown.
- On both sides of each of the elevator cars K1X and K2X preferably two guide bodies are mounted in a vertically aligned arrangement, which cooperate with the respective guide rails 19X.
- the guide bodies on each side of the elevator cars K1X and K2X are advantageously in the largest possible vertical distance, i. in particular on the one hand in the area of the cabin ceiling and on the other hand in the area of the cabin floor.
- the configuration according to the invention is such that the counterweight 12X is disposed adjacent to one of the guide rails 19X and also vertically guided along this guide rail 19X on counterweight guide rails, not shown, with the guide rail 19X between the elevator cars K1X and K2X on the one hand and the counterweight 12X on the other hand is arranged.
- Fig. 2X shows a second embodiment of the invention. This includes all of the structural elements described with reference to Figures 1AX, 1B and 1CX, as well as an additional device (also known as a balancing tensioner (ASS)) to better tension the suspension element strands TAX and TBX and the elevator cars K1X and K2X and the counterweight 12X better to lead.
- ASS balancing tensioner
- the elevator installation 10X comprises a lower counterweight support disk 12.2X, which is suspended at the bottom on the counterweight 12X.
- K1X At the lower area of the lower elevator car K1X there is a fifth attachment point 15.3X lower left and a sixth attachment point 15.33X lower right.
- K2X At the bottom area of the upper elevator cab.
- K2X there is a seventh attachment point 15.4X on the bottom right and an eighth attachment point 15.44X on the bottom left.
- the elevator installation 10X according to FIG. 2X comprises subcontracting means, which essentially consists of a first subgroup strand SAX and a second subrack center line SBX.
- the first sub-support strand SAX is fastened with its first end to the fifth attachment point 15.3X of the lower elevator car K1X and from there runs around the auxiliary rollers 16.1X and 17.1X.
- the second sub-transfer strand SBX is attached at its first end to the sixth attachment point 15.33X of the lower elevator car K1X and from there runs around the auxiliary roller 17.1X.
- the two sub-transfer strands SAX and SBX then run together from the guide roller 17.1X to the lower counterweight disc 12.2X, where they are deflected and then led together to auxiliary roller 17.2X.
- the first sub-carrier line SAX runs up to the seventh attachment point 15.4X of the upper elevator car K2X.
- the second sub-transmission line SBX runs to the auxiliary roller 16.2X and from there upwards to the eighth fastening point 15.44X of the upper elevator car K2X.
- each of the subcarrier strands SAX, SBX is formed by two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight or more parallel subcarrier elements, the detailed structure of which can be seen elsewhere in this document, and therefore may be referred to.
- each sub-carrier strand SAX, SBX may also comprise only one belt or one rope.
- the tensile members of these sub-support strands SAX, SBX are advantageously made of steel, aramid or Vectran, with detailed design variants are described elsewhere in this document, so that it can be fully referenced.
- clamping aids are preferably provided in or on the shaft 11X in order to mechanically clamp the sub-carrier strands SAX, SBX to be able to.
- This tensioning aid center! are not shown in the figures.
- the Spannzsrnittei exploit preferred deflection / guide rollers as described elsewhere in this document.
- the first and second attachment points 15.1 X, 15.11X and the fifth and sixth attachment points 15.3X, 15.33X are located either on a lower region or upper region of the elevator car K1X, as shown in FIG. 2X, or together in the lower or upper region the elevator car K1X as shown in Figs. 3AX and 3BX. If the first and second fastening points 15.1 X, 15.1 1X are located in the upper region of the elevator car K1X and the fifth and sixth fastening points 15.3X, 15.33X in the lower region of the elevator car K1X, the advantage lies in the use of shorter suspension element strands TAX, TBX.
- the force-introducing structure can then comprise a simple, stiff, common beam element, on which several or all fastening points can be fixed.
- a beam element may be designed as part of the cabin structure, in particular the cabin ceiling construction or the cabin floor construction.
- Analogous reasoning also applies to the third, fourth, seventh and eighth attachment points 15.2X, 15.22X, 15.4X, 15.44X located either together at the top or bottom of the elevator car K2X, as shown in Figs. 3AX and 3CX, or each in an upper portion or lower portion of the elevator car K2X as shown in Fig. 2X. If the seventh and eighth attachment points 15.4X, 15.44X are located in the lower area of the elevator car K2X and the third and fourth attachment points 15.2X, 15.22X are in the upper area of the elevator car K2X, the advantage lies in the use of shorter sub-carrier strands SAX, SBX.
- FIGS. 4X and 5X can also be equipped with an ASA system according to FIGS. 2X, 3AX, 3BX, 3CX.
- Fig. 4X shows a similar embodiment as Fig. 1X, although without the shaft 11X, but with another guide the suspension element strands TAX and TBX 1 to improve their traction or to ensure their traction by a wrap angle of the suspension element strands TAX, TBX to the Traction sheaves of more than 90 ° and preferably from 180 ° to 270 °.
- the first suspension element line TAX runs upwards from the first fastening point 15.1X on the lower elevator car K1X and around the deflection roller 14.1X and from there to the right to the first traction sheave 13.1X.
- the first suspension element line TAX is then guided in a first looping phase as in the arrangement according to FIG. 1X by 90 °, and then by a further 90 ° about the first drive pulley 13.1X. From there it passes to the left and thus back to the guide pulley 14.1 X and from this in turn to the right to the first traction sheave 13.1 X, around which it is now again performed in a second loop phase along at least 90 °.
- the total wrap angle of the first suspension element line TAX about the first traction sheave 13.1 X is now 270 ° as shown in FIG. 4X.
- 180 ° is attributable to the first wrapping phase and 90 ° to the second wrapping phase.
- From the first traction sheave 13.1 X runs the first support medium strand TAX down to the counterweight pulley 12.1X and then up to the second traction sheave 13.2X.
- the first carrying medium strhack TAX is then guided along 180 ° about the traction sheave 13.2X and finally reaches the third attachment point 15.2X at the upper elevator car K2X.
- the second suspension element strand TBX runs from the second attachment point 15.11X on the lower elevator car K1X around the first traction sheave 13.1 X, its wrap angle around the first traction sheave 13.1 X being 180 °.
- the second suspension element strand TBX runs together with the first propellant strand TAX upper counterweight disc 12. IX and from this up to the second traction sheave 13.2X.
- the second suspension element strand TBX is guided in a first wrapping phase with a wrapping angle of 90 ° about the second traction sheave 13.2X.
- the second propellant strand TBX then passes to the left to the deflection roller 14.2X, where it is deflected by 180 ° and thus returned to the right to the second traction sheave 13.2X.
- a second wrapping phase it is again guided around the traction sheave 13.2X, this time with a wrap angle of 180 °.
- the total wrap angle of the second suspension element strand TBX about the second traction sheave 13.2X which is 90 ° according to FIG. 1X, is now 270 ° as shown in FIG. 4X. Of this, 90 ° is attributable to the first wrapping phase and 180 ° to the second wrapping phase.
- Fig. 5X shows a further embodiment of the inventive elevator system 10X, wherein also, as shown in FIG. 4X 1 wrap around the traction sheaves 13.1X, 13.2X by more than 90 ° can be achieved, this being shown in Fig. 5X only with reference to upper elevator car K2X and the second traction sheave 13.2X is shown. Shown are the upper elevator car K2X, the counterweight 12X with the upper counterweight pulley 12.1 X, the pulley 14.2X, the traction sheave 13.2X and those suspension element strands TAX and TBX extending between the attachment points 15.2X and 15.22X on the one hand and the upper counterweight pulley 12.1 X are located. The embodiment shown in Fig. 5X has additional pulleys 14.3X and 14.4X.
- the first suspension element line TAX runs, starting from the third attachment point 15.2X, up to the deflection roller 14.4X and on to the traction sheave 13.2X, along which it is guided in a first looping phase by approximately 90 °. From there, the first suspension element line TAX runs downwards, around the deflection roller 14.3X and again to the traction sheave 13.2X, along which it is now guided in a second looping phase by approximately 180 °. Overall, the suspension element line TAX thus rotates the traction sheave 13.2X by 270 °. From the traction sheave 13.2X, the suspension element line TAX runs downwards to the counterweight sheave 12.1X.
- the second suspension element strand TBX runs, starting from the fourth attachment point 15.22X on the upper elevator car K2X, up to the deflection roller 14.2X and on to the traction sheave 13.2X, about which it is guided in a first looping phase by approximately 90 °. From there runs the second suspension element strand TBX down to the Urnlenkroüe 14.3X and again to the traction sheave 13.2X, along softer it is now performed in a second deflection by about 180 °. Overall, the suspension element strand TBX thus rotates the traction sheave 13.2X by 270 °.
- the second suspension element strand TBX together with the first suspension element strand TAX, runs down to the counterweight pulley 12.1X.
- the further course of the suspension element strands TAX and TBX is not shown, but it will be clear to any person skilled in the art from the above description.
- Fig. 6X is an enlarged view of Fig. 1 BX showing details which are not or not clearly shown in Fig. 1BX. Shown in particular are the vertical center plane E1X, which is defined by the two longitudinal axes of the guide rails 19X, and the vertical center plane E2X oriented perpendicular thereto. The two center planes E1X and E2X intersect in a vertical central axis, which is visible in Fig. 6X only as the top point XX.
- Both the first attachment point 15.1X and also the second attachment point 15.11X on the lower elevator car K1X are spaced from the first center plane E1X by distances S1X that are equal or at least approximately equal.
- the two attachment points 15.1 X, 15.11X lie on opposite sides of the first center plane E1X and the second center plane E2X to achieve the balanced suspension of the lower elevator car K1X. Preferably, they are rotationally symmetrical or at least approximately rotationally symmetrical with respect to a point on the vertical central axis. However, depending on the application, a uniform distance S1X with respect to the plane E1X is sufficient.
- the third attachment point 15.2X and the fourth attachment point 15.22X on the upper elevator car K2X are spaced from the first center plane E1X by distances S2X which are equal or at least approximately equal.
- the two attachment points 15.2X, 15.22X lie on opposite sides of the first center plane E1X and the second center plane E2X and also on other sides of the two center planes than the attachment points 15.1 X and 15.11 X.
- This arrangement also achieves a balanced suspension.
- they are rotationally symmetrical with respect to the point XX on the vertical central axis or at least approximately rotationally symmetrical.
- a uniform distance S2X with respect to the plane E1X is sufficient.
- the first traction sheave 13.1 X has a first axis A1X
- the second traction sheave 13.2X a second axis A2X
- the deflection roller 14.1 X has a third axis A3X
- the deflection roller 14.2X a fourth axis A4X.
- the projections of the first axis A1X and the second axis A2X intersect at a point PX on the first center plane E1X and enclose an angle WX.
- This angle WX is preferably between 180 degrees and 90 degrees.
- roller-shaped guide means (cylindrical guide rollers) are provided, which are arranged in the shaft head, in the shaft pit and on the elevator cars or on the counterweights and press on at least one side against the single suspension element or roll on this.
- the guide rollers are arranged at a vertical distance from each other of less than 10 m.
- the carrying means (as described elsewhere in this document) be provided with at least one guide section in the form of a longitudinally aligned guide rib on a side of the suspension element (ie rear side) facing away from the traction surface.
- a guide portion engages, for example, a substantially cylindrical guide roller, which is positioned adjacent to the desired position of the support means in the shaft rotatable.
- the axis of rotation of the guide roller is oriented substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the support means.
- the guide roller is preferably designed as described in more detail elsewhere in this document in general for any type of guide or pulleys.
- at least one circumferential groove or depression is provided in the region of the contact surface of the roller in the circumferential direction, whose shape corresponds to the cross-sectional contour of the guide portion.
- the roller has at least one disc-like flange, with which it surrounds the support means at least in sections.
- a flange may have an approximately greater radius than the thickness of the support means than a cylindrical base surface of the roller.
- additional and / or alternative guide means are arranged in the elevator shaft in comparison to the previously presented embodiments.
- These additional guide means comprise, for example, movable guide rollers, guide rails or guide combs, which are preferably arranged at a distance of less than 10 m, in particular at a distance of less than 5 m from each other along the travel path of the car and the counterweight in the shaft.
- the guide means mentioned are generally arranged in the elevator shaft in such a way that the free oscillation length of a belt and / or the oscillation amplitudes of the suspension elements are limited to a predetermined threshold value (for example 1 mm, 2 mm or n mm).
- a guide comb is understood to mean a comb-like guide means which, in the manner of a fork or a comb, has tines or recesses or spaces between the tines for receiving individual belts.
- the tines or webs for separating the support means engage in a preferred manner between a plurality of individual, adjacent support means, wherein the adjacent support means can in turn form a suspension element strand.
- the tines of the guide means as elastic (artificial) tufts educated. so that the middle of the guide! overall assumes a brush structure.
- Ais materials for such a comb-like guide means are provided in particular plastics with low coefficient of friction such as polyamide, nylon or Teflon, wherein the rigidity of the tines of the guide means is adjusted in particular by the shape:
- the stiffness of the guide means is adjusted so that the friction forces between the support means and Guide element do not exceed a certain, specifiable value, this value can be selected according to the abrasion resistance of suspension element and guide element.
- the guide means are positioned on side shaft walls and / or on floor ceilings.
- the advantage of this embodiment is that any number of additional guide means along the roadway of an elevator car can be mounted in order to optimize the free vibration length of a belt between two adjacent guide means.
- additional guide means are provided in the upper region of an elevator car, which is suspended in its lower region on suspension means.
- the guide means reduce the free oscillation length by at least the cabin height.
- guide means are positioned above the actual cabin height. Accordingly, the free oscillation length of a belt can be further reduced.
- the advantage of this embodiment is the easy positioning of additional guide means on the elevator car in a space otherwise unused by elevator components.
- the belts can be guided on the guide elements of the belt, which are otherwise engageable by the cabin support disks.
- guide means can be arranged by means of the cabin floor projecting carrier below the cabin.
- a multi-car elevator system is provided with a lower and an upper elevator car. If, for example, the lower elevator car is suspended 2: 1, its carrying means run laterally past the upper elevator car to traction sheaves, deflection rollers or attachment points in the upper region of the hoistway.
- additional guide means are positioned on the upper elevator car, which surround or guide the suspension means of the lower elevator car.
- the free oscillation length of sub support means of the upper elevator car by attaching reduced additional guide means on the lower elevator car, said latter guide means engage around the sub-support means of the upper cabin or lead.
- the free oscillation length of a suspension element can be halved at most, depending on where the two elevator cars are located in the elevator shaft.
- the proposed guide means are basically suitable for all suspension elements described in this document and especially for narrow suspension elements with low lateral stability (width / height ⁇ 1) provided, with a low-wear material pairing with low frictional forces between the support means and guide means is preferred. Moreover, the guide means may be resiliently mounted in order to achieve increased flexibility of the guide means.
- gearless drive machines In the case of the drive machines 14 of the mechanical drives, the person skilled in the art distinguishes between gearless drive machines and drive machines with a gearbox.
- the essential components of the drive machines are a motor 16, a brake, a traction sheave 26 and a drum 18 and possibly a transmission.
- the motor, the brake and possibly the gear are preferably constructed for the purpose of precise alignment and low-noise operation as an integral unit, for example, on a common base plate.
- the gearless drive machines do not differ functionally from drive machines with gearboxes, it being possible to view the gearbox more or less as an integral part of the drive machine and possibly to execute it.
- the motor 16 of the elevator drive machine 14 is usually an electric motor adapted to the desired parameters such as acceleration values, travel speeds, payload size, noise ratios, switching frequencies and duty cycle.
- the motors must be very robust and overloadable in their electrical and mechanical parts.
- the motors used in elevator systems are most often three-phase motors with one or more speeds, sometimes even DC motors.
- asynchronous motors and / or permanent magnet motors are preferably used.
- pole-changing three-phase motors with two speeds For electric motor rotation - power control of the motors, voltage, current and / or frequency converters are assigned to them in the elevator systems.
- the aforementioned converters are preferably arranged in a separate unit arranged at a distance from the motor
- a holding brake As a holding brake, it sets a stationary drive shaft of the machine, thus allowing the elevator car 10 to be held in place at the desired stop position.
- a driving brake As a driving brake, it has the task of decelerating the rotating drive shaft and stopping the drive Elevator car (both loaded and unloaded) at the desired stop position safely and accurately to bring to a halt
- the brake disk is preferably arranged on a drive disk shaft or the drum shaft, in drive machines with gearbox, the braking takes place on the gear shaft
- a common material for the brake disc is gray cast iron, the brake disc is releasably connected to the drive and / or transmission shaft
- a traction sheave 26 (or a functionally functionally identical section) is an essential component of a drive machine 14 in the elevator system with traction sheave drive.
- the traction sheave 26 must be optimally adapted to the type of suspension system 20 used for the elevator system For example, forces transmitted by a traction effect of the traction sheave 26 on the support means 20 at a rope-like or belt-like support means 20, in a chain-like support means 20, the traction sheave 26, however, is formed with a sprocket
- the traction effect achieved depends very much on the exact construction of the rope or belt-like support means 20 and the associated traction sheave 26, a significant Factor is for example! the Riüenform the traction sheave 26.
- the following three groove shapes are used: half-round groove, seat groove and V-groove.
- the prime mover 14 generally includes a plurality of parallel traction sheaves 26 or a traction sheave 26 having a plurality of parallel power transmission sections, the number of which corresponds to that of the parallel support means 20 of the elevator system.
- the belt-type suspension element according to the invention is preferably driven by a traction sheave, the circumferential surface of which cooperates with the suspension element being hardened by a process in which no cracks occur.
- the traction sheave has at least two sectors, wherein at least one sector is hardened and at least one sector is not hardened.
- the traction sheave is cast or manufactured in one piece. By hardening the traction sheave in sectors, hardening during hardening is easier to solve and the likelihood of cracking is therefore reduced.
- Hardening is understood to mean any mechanical, thermal or chemical process which modifies the structure of a material and thereby increases its hardness.
- surface of the traction sheave is here meant the outer cylindrical surface of the traction sheave, which carries the cables and which is worn during the elevator operation.
- the sectors of the traction sheave are defined here as the cylindrical circular cut-outs of the traction sheave, which are delimited and measured in an angular range from the center of the traction sheave. The angle of the sector is limited by the two sector sides.
- Hardening of a sector means both the formation of a thin hardened layer on the surface of the traction sheave which lies in the angular range of the sector, and the hardening of the material of this sector below the surface of the traction sheave.
- Fig. 1 n shows a hardened traction sheave 1 n for elevators according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- a six-furled traction sheave of 638 mm nominal diameter is fabricated.
- As a base material is assumed in a known manner from the hematite Grundroheisen, the 4.3 - 4.6% coal, 0.0015 - 0.05% manganese; 2.26-2.75% silicon and 0.035-0.1% phosphorus.
- ferrosilicon is added to the molten base pig iron as alloying material containing 73% silicon, 0.7% manganese, 0.1% phosphorus and 0.08% sulfur.
- the sulfur content of the molten bath is reduced below 0.01%, in this case to 0.008%, or adjusted.
- magnesium coke is used, which reaches the molten bath at 1480 ° C temperature.
- the introduction of the magnesium coke into the molten bath takes place in such a way that this aggregate is introduced below the level of the molten bath.
- the secondary modification with ferrosilicon is carried out to improve the homogeneity of the basic structure. This is followed by casting into the mold at 1320 0 C temperature. The complete cooling takes place in the sand mold in approx. 9 hours.
- the cooled cast piece is normalized for relaxation.
- the cast piece in the oven is preheated in a known manner to 920 0 C, and - after 4 hours keeping warm at this temperature in the oven - cooled to 900 0 C.
- the cooled cast piece is finished in a known manner to the nominal dimensions.
- the spheroidal graphite iron contains 2.8 to 3.15% coal, 2.8 to 3.1 silicon, 0.3% manganese maximum, 0 maximum , 2% phosphate, and 0.008% sulfur.
- Such a cast piece can be machined more easily, as the conventional cast iron from lamellar graphite, which is for the cutting tools z. B. gives a 30% longer life. But this is the cost of a longer life the tools further reduced.
- the workpiece is subjected to a subsequent heat treatment with subsequent hardening after finishing. This heat treatment aims to further increase the hardness of the surface of the traction sheave, and in particular the hardness of the surface of the grooves, while avoiding cracking.
- This heat treatment of the groove surface is carried out by curing, or by one, at 850 0 C performed flame hardening.
- the traction sheave which rotates at an adjustable speed, or its grooves are simultaneously heated with a special gas burner head.
- the heat-treated groove area is then immediately cooled, for example by twisting the traction sheave.
- the rotational speed ie by the speed of the traction sheave
- the thickness of the hardened layer 5n of the groove surface can be regulated, which in the preferred embodiment is 1-1.5 mm.
- the desired Glüh Securegrad can be determined and identified on the basis of the color (sour cherry red) in practice.
- the hardening takes place sectorally.
- Fig. 1n indicates the hardened layer 5n of a sector having an angular range. The angle range at is limited by sector sides 5an and 5bn.
- a sector 3n of the traction sheave subjected to an angle range of 25 ° measured by the center is first hardened.
- the adjacent sector 4n of the traction sheave, which is subject to an angular range of 5 ° measured by the center, is then not hardened.
- the sectorial hardening of the angular ranges is performed over the entire circle of the traction sheave, i. 12 times 25 ° hardened separated by 12 times 5 ° uncured.
- the traction sheave consists of a regular series of hardened and non-hardened sectors.
- the sectors of the traction sheave are hardened sequentially around the entire circumference of the surface of the traction sheave and are not hardened according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- a simultaneous hardening of all sectors is also conceivable in principle. Irregular consequences of hardened and unhardened sectors are also possible.
- another important advantage of this invention is that traction sheaves are made for the different loading conditions with the same, universally applicable technology In this case, however, the respective optimum surface hardness and wear resistance can be adjusted, since the spheroidal graphite material structure achieved by the method according to the invention offers the possibility as a result of the use of a traction sheave With a longer service life according to the invention and improved wear resistance, a weight saving is achieved
- the elevator pulleys produced by the above method have under normal stress, ie in a mid-high residential building of eight floors a - compared to the conventional elevator pulleys - significantly increased wear resistance and can therefore be operated much longer Accordingly, however, the sum of the forced-halt tents can be significantly reduced become
- Induction hardening of the surface of the traction sheave can be used instead of flame hardening, which leads to similar results.
- the depth of the hardened material can be varied as desired. In the minimum case, only a thin layer of the traction sheave surface is hardened, which amounts to a few micrometers The entire sector of the traction sheave is hardened, with the hardened zone reaching the center of the traction sheave
- both the secto ⁇ elle hard over the peripheral surface of the traction sheave and a segment-wise through-hitting the traction sheave has a positive effect Segments are perpendicular to the rope groove or they can be at an angle, so diagonal to the traction sheave.
- the same hard is possible even with split sheaves, with a rework, ie a regrinding of the grooves, is necessary to ensure smooth running in fast running elevators 3.3 b) traction sheave
- the traction sheave By means of the traction sheave, the forces generated by the drive motor are transmitted to the suspension element.
- the jacket of the suspension element forms a frictional connection with the surface of the traction sheave, the shape and surface condition playing an essential role.
- the coefficient of friction of the traction sheave can be influenced, for example, by the installation of inserts or by roughening of the surface, for example by sandblasting or etching.
- the traction sheave for flat suspension means u.a. refer to the DIN 111
- the traction sheave is preferably designed in one piece with the drive shaft and / or in one piece with one or more adjacent traction sheaves and the explanations in DIN 111 are to be modified accordingly.
- DIN 4000 - Part 43 and DIN 7867 are to be used for the geometrical design of the traction sheave / shaft, in particular if non-round and non-flat suspension elements are to be used.
- the standards mentioned provide important information on the dimensioning, detailed design and production of a traction sheave or drive shaft according to the invention (also for those described elsewhere in this document).
- 1G5 shows a traction sheave 1g5 and a guide and / or deflection roller 2g5 for a suspension element 3g5 with longitudinal ribs 4g5 on the running side 5g5 and with a comb 6g5 on the rear side 7g5.
- two tension members 37g5 are provided, which comprise, for example, a multiplicity of stranded steel strands and / or stranded synthetic fiber strands. All other tension members / elements described elsewhere in this document may also be used within the scope of the exemplary embodiments described herein.
- the tension members 37g5 are in the present perennialsbeispie! embedded in a sheath of an elastorneren plastic, which surrounds the tension members substantially completely.
- the height Hg5 of the suspension element 3g5 or its sheathing is presently selected to be 5% to 50% larger than the width Bg5 of the suspension element or the sheathing.
- the traction sheave 1g5 is provided with a ribbed groove 8g5 into which the longitudinal ribs 4g5 engage correspondingly.
- the comb 6g5 of the suspension element 3g5 in turn, preferably engages in a groove 9g5 of the guide and / or deflection roller 2g5 in such a way that a (rear) guidance of the suspension element 3g5 results even with a counterbending of the suspension element.
- FIG. 1G5a shows a suspension element 3g5 with longitudinal ribs 4g5 of the running side 5g5 removed at the end of the suspension element and a distant ridge 6g5 of the rear side 7g5.
- the longitudinal ribs 4g5 are up to a line marked L1g5 and the ridge 6g5 has been removed up to a line marked L2g5, for example by means of a planer by machining and over a length of 10 cm to 70 cm.
- the support means has 3g5 at Tragstoffende a flat belt-like shape.
- the flat belt-type support end fits into suspension end connections as shown in Figs. 1G6 to 4G6 for use with belt-like support means flat over the entire length.
- FIGS. 2G5 to 7G5 show a flat-side support 5g5 and a flat-type pulley groove 12g5.
- the support means 3g5 is formed as a flat belt 10g5 with four tension members 11g5.
- FIG. 3G5 shows how a flat belt 10g5, which is not particularly stiff in the transverse direction, rises at the edge of the drive pulley groove 12g5 in a diagonal pull. The rising does not take place in a transverse flat belt according to the invention, which is shown in FIGS. 4G5 and 5G5.
- Fig. 4G5 shows first a flat belt 13g5 with pointed transverse ribs 14g5, which are integrally formed with the elastomer of the rest of the sheath.
- Figs. 5G5 and 6G5 show a flat belt 15g5 with rounded transverse ribs 16g5.
- Fig. 7G5 may be provided instead of a plurality of individual transverse ribs 16g5 extending along the entire length of the support means "continuous" stiffener 17g5.
- the Comb 6g5 of the suspension element 3g5 from FIG. 1G5 can act as a stiffener and contribute to greater smoothness via a better transverse reinforcement of this suspension element 3g5
- the stiffening can either be made of the same material as the sheath of the Switzerlandtrager or else it can be made of a different material of this, which additionally takes into account the requirements with respect to the transverse stiffness to be achieved.
- this material may have a texture
- the stiffening can then be formed as one piece with the elastomer of the remaining sheath, or it can be provided as a separate element This compound may depend on the materials of the stiffener and the sheath by welding, in particular by pressure welding, by gluing, extruding the stiffening on the prefabricated Flachriemenvo r. or vice versa, coextrusion etc are produced
- FIGS. 8G5 to 15G5 show a suspension element 3g5 with two tension carriers 1 1 g5.
- FIG. 8G5 shows two separately sheathed tensile carriers 18g5, the individual sheaths 19g5 being connected by a web 20g5.
- the web material may differ from the shell material in favor of the transverse rigidity of the suspension element
- an interlocking connection can be provided by providing a tongue and groove connection, an undercut or the like
- the suspension element 3g5 from FIG. 85G is formed with two tension carriers 18g5 as flat elements 21g5.
- the two separately sheathed tension carriers 18g5 can either be completely enveloped by a common jacket which fills the space between them and the two coated tension carriers are defined Distance to position halt, or it can again be provided a web, which does not or not substantially reduced in thickness over the rest of the sheath in both variants, Fig 8G5 and 9G5, the drive pulley groove 12g5 is flat or without contour
- Fig. 10G5 shows a suspension means in which the tension members are interconnected and held in position by a common jacket and that between the two Werstem eme constriction has an alternative or in addition it is provided between the two Wertragern at least on one side a kind of groove, long scoring or recess to arrange
- the Buchtrager are preferably enclosed in this embodiment of a common sheath, but can, for example, for a better fixation in the common Sheath be provided with an adhesive impregnation and / or an individual, additional, inner sheath
- the traction sheave 1g5 cooperating with such a suspension means 3g5 is preferably flat, as in the previously described examples, or the pulley groove 22g5 is provided with an annular nose 23g5 engaging between the tension dogs 18g5.
- the nose 23g5 guides and braces the suspension means by correspondingly into it
- the annular nose 23g5 can be fixedly mounted on the traction sheave or be manufactured einstuckig with the traction sheave, or it can be independent of the traction sheave, freely rotating on this Accordingly, the annular nose 23g5 of a As can be seen in FIG.
- a traction sheave or a drive shaft constructed as a one-piece with the motor shaft can also be designed for two or more suspension elements according to FIG. 10G5
- the material of the eccentric shell part may be the same or different as the material of the remaining shell.
- the eccentric shell part is designed as a sacrificial layer, wherein the material of the eccentric shell part is opposite to one another the material of at least one, the shell part in operation contacting object has reduced wear resistance or in the form of a wear-resistant coating to protect the support means from excessive abrasion on the traction sheave.
- the traction properties can with the choice of a different material from the jacket material of the eccentric shell part on the traction sheave be matched
- Fig. 13G5 shows a supporting center! with longitudinal ribs 27g5 on the running side as well as on the back.
- the drive pulley groove 28g5 is contoured complementarily to the longitudinal ribs 27g5.
- This embodiment with symmetrically arranged on both sides of the flat belt longitudinal ribs 27g5 favors a bilateral engagement of the support means in a plurality of deflection and / or guide rollers and stabilized by the uniform material distribution Biege Batfestmaschine the shell, especially in the area surrounding the tension members 25g5 body of the support means 3g5.
- 14G5 shows a suspension element with two jointly wrapped tension members 30g5.
- the suspension element On its rear side, the suspension element has a both tension members 30g5 at least partially spanning comb 29g5 and a recess between the two tension members 30g5.
- the recess between the tension members can serve to guide the suspension element on the traction sheave by engaging a ring of the traction sheave or guide / deflection roller in the recess ,
- the comb can thus achieve an exact positioning of the support means on the traction sheave in cooperation with a corresponding drive-plate-side guide element.
- At least one guide roller which is contoured transversely to its circumferential direction, is assigned to the suspension element, wherein the contour of the contact surface of the guide roller with the contour of the suspension element (in particular with the contour of the comb 29g5 ) corresponds.
- the management task is transferred to the leadership role in order to improve the traction characteristics of the traction sheave described in more detail elsewhere in this document.
- An interaction of the comb 29g5 with correspondingly formed deflection rollers can also be provided.
- both first deflection rollers for engagement with the traction surface of the suspension element as well as second deflection rollers may be provided for engagement with the (rearwardly arranged) comb 29g5.
- an external tension member 31 g5 runs coaxially to an inner tension member 32g5.
- Each tensile carrier has its own coat in the present case.
- the drive pulley groove is preferably formed as a half-round groove 33g5.
- the features of the support means described above may be provided alternatively or cumulatively.
- 16G5 to 18G5 show a self-centering on the drive pulley groove support means with a tension member and a shell of an elastomeric plastic.
- the jacket has a non-circular, preferably polygonal cross-sectional geometry. According to the invention, one-sided, triangular, triangular, quadrangular, pentagonal or hexagonal cross-sectional geometries are particularly suitable.
- 16G5 shows a suspension element with a tension member 34g 5 with a cross-sectionally square shell 35g5.
- the sheath 35g5 is placed on the corner when engaged in the traction sheave and / or a guide / pulley, so that the height Hg5 is as large as the width Bg5 of the sheath 35g5 (both correspond to the diagonal of the square).
- FIGS. 17G5 and 18G5 show a structure comparable to FIG. 16G5, with the difference that in FIG. 17G5 the suspension element is wider than it is high and in FIG. 18G5 the suspension element is higher than it is wide.
- the drive pulley groove 36g5 is preferably complementary to the shell geometry kontu ⁇ ert and has in its base an additional recess to avoid notch effects.
- the traction sheave 26 is an integral part of the traction sheave drive machine 14. Its purpose is to transfer to the suspension element 20 a longitudinal force so that it can hold or move the elevator car.
- the traction sheave 26 must in each case be optimally adapted to the type of the suspension element 20 used for the elevator installation.
- the achieved traction depends very much on the construction of the rope or belt-like support means 20 and the associated traction sheave 26 from.
- Cable-like support means are guided in circumferential grooves which are present in the traction region of the traction sheave.
- the traction effect between the traction sheave and the suspension element is essentially due to the groove shape of the traction sheave 26 and the existing between traction sheave and suspension means Friction coefficient influenced.
- the medicinalsriüen preferably have one of the following three groove shapes: half-round groove, seat groove with undercut and V-groove.
- Cable-like support means may have an outer envelope of the supporting elements, of which said coefficient of friction and thus the traction effect are highly dependent.
- the circumferential grooves of the traction sheaves coatings or linings may have, which cause a desired coefficient of friction or a certain wear behavior in cooperation with the rope-like support means 20.
- the traction effect on the one hand depends on the coefficient of friction occurring between the traction surface of the suspension element and the traction surface of the traction sheave. This can be influenced, for example, by the selection of the materials forming the traction surfaces and / or by the formation of their surface structure. On the other hand, the traction effect can be influenced by suitable profiling of the traction surfaces analogously to the increase in traction in V-belts.
- the prime mover 14 generally has a plurality of parallel traction sheaves 26 or a traction sheave 26 with a plurality of parallel power transmission sections, the number of which corresponds to that of the parallel support means 20 of the elevator system.
- Deflection pulleys have the purpose of diverting and guiding the suspension elements in the area of the elevator installation. They are also referred to as support rollers or support disks 30, 34, when the support means transmits a carrying force via them, for example to the elevator car 10 shown in FIGS. 2A, 2B or the illustrated counterweight 32. Deflection rollers referred to as support rollers or support disks are normally in elevator systems present, in which the support means moves in the region of its coupling to the elevator car or to the counterweight relative to this while driving.
- traction sheaves and deflection rollers used in various embodiments of the elevator installation according to the invention and their arrangement are described in more detail.
- idlers is used only if it appears appropriate in a particular context.
- Traction sheaves as well as pulleys are essentially characterized by their mechanical structure and the material of their roller body, by the nature of their rotational storage, by the design of their cooperating with the support means areas and optionally by the nature and material of their coatings or deposits in
- An essential feature of traction sheaves / Umlenkroilen is also their effective diameter, ie the diameter of their reaching the support means in contact areas.
- Modern suspension means such as flat belt-like suspension means with reinforced elastomer bodies or ropes made of high-strength synthetic fibers, allow the reduction of the pulley diameter or Umlenkrollen pressmesser to less than 200 mm, preferably to those of less than 100 mm.
- This has the advantage that an elevator system requires less shaft space and that the torque required on the traction sheave and thus the size of the drive motor of a gearless drive unit can be greatly reduced.
- Such small pulley diameter make it possible to produce drive shaft and traction sheave of the drive unit cost-effective from a single piece as a so-called drive shaft.
- design features of traction sheaves / pulleys apply, where appropriate, even for such drive shafts.
- a traction sheave / deflection pulley used in an elevator installation according to the invention can have a roller body which is preferably made of cast and / or machined steel, cast iron, nodular cast iron, or of cast, pressed or sprayed plastic, in particular of polyamide (PA), polyurethane (PU), Polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
- PA polyamide
- PU polyurethane
- PE Polyethylene
- PC polycarbonate
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- a deflection roller provided for a plurality of suspension element strands arranged in parallel can comprise a single roller body with a number of suspension element tracks (grooves for cable-like suspension elements / flat tracks for flat belt-like suspension elements) on its circumferential surfaces.
- it can also comprise a plurality of suspension element disks of one of the aforementioned materials which are mounted rotatably on an axle body in a rotatable manner, wherein the number of support center disks normally, but not necessarily, corresponds to the number of suspension element strands arranged in parallel.
- Pulleys with separately mounted support center discs have the advantage that they do not cause unequal tensile loads in the parallel suspension element strands and promote the degradation of uneven tensile loads generated for example by the traction sheave.
- the reaching of the support means in contact areas of the traction sheave / deflection roller may consist of the unchanged material of the roller body. However, these areas preferably have a surface with special properties. You can For example, the traction between the traction sheave and the suspension element and / or the wear behavior during contact between the traction sheave / deflection roller and the suspension element can be optimized with suitable measures. Surface treatments or surface structures in said contact area of the traction sheave / pulley of the noise development or twisting round support means are counteracted
- An elevator installation according to the invention can comprise a traction sheave or deflection roller whose peripheral surfaces cooperating with the suspension element have one of the surface coatings described below
- Electroplated, corrosion resistant metal coatings in particular chromium or hard chromium coatings, chrome coatings with structured surfaces such as Topochrom®, preferably two-layered nickel-chromium coatings are used Cemented or plasma sprayed hard metal coatings, for example tungsten carbide coatings, or ceramic coatings, sprayed or cast or glued plastic coatings, for example, polyurethane PU, polyamide PA, polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE (Teflon®), polyethylene PE
- the coatings may comprise two or more different materials, one above the other and / or next to each other in the area of interaction of the traction sheave / deflection roller with the suspension element are arranged
- PVD Physical Vapor Deposition / Sputtermg
- nano-particles for example of metal oxides, SiO 2 , TiC, TiN, CrN , AITiN, AICrN, MoS 2 or mixtures of these components applied to said surfaces, where they form wear-resistant layers with different coefficients of friction compared to the elevator support agent have been particularly effective in terms of high wear resistance at high friction, preferably for the coating of traction sheaves so-called nACo and nACRo coatings have proven (Blosch, Grenchen, CH) a few nanometers of AITiN or AlCrN crystals embedded in a matrix of amorphous Si 3 N 4 .
- Particularly low-friction coatings can be produced by sputtering MoS 2 , TiMo 2 or graphite onto the surfaces interacting with the suspension element, in particular def
- An elevator installation according to the invention may comprise a traction sheave or a deflection roller which has surfaces with special structuring in the areas in contact with the suspension element to achieve certain properties, for example surfaces with defined roughness generated by machining which have a desired coefficient of friction between the traction sheave and ensure the suspension.
- Surfaces with the above-mentioned, galvanically produced Topochrom® - hard chrome layer whose surface is formed by dome-shaped (spherical segment-shaped) microstructures. This coating is primarily used to achieve a defined, relatively low coefficient of friction between the traction sheave and the support means at high wear resistance.
- An elevator installation according to the invention can be equipped with a traction sheave whose surfaces interacting with the suspension element have a friction-reducing coating or are treated to reduce friction.
- a friction-reducing coating or surface treatment brings in particular one or more of the following advantages:
- EP1764335 discloses coatings of hard chrome with dome-shaped microstructured surface (Topochrom®), made of amorphous carbon, from PTFE (Teflon®) and ceramic, and called as friction reducing surface treatment is called the Carbo-Nitride-Oxidation.
- Topochrom® hard chrome with dome-shaped microstructured surface
- PTFE Teflon®
- Ceramic amorphous carbon
- FIGS. 5, 6 features and details of the traction sheave according to EP1764335 are shown in particular with FIGS. 5, 6 and described in the description, in particular in the sections [0016], [0017], [0018] and hereby incorporated into the present application.
- WO2004 / 113219 discloses pulleys and pulleys which are provided in the areas of contact with the support means with friction-reducing coatings, preferably made of polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE (Teflon®), polyethylene PE or ETFE (copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene), these materials preferably for the purpose Increasing the wear resistance are reinforced with glass fibers.
- the characteristics of the traction sheaves according to WO2004 / 113219 are illustrated in particular with FIGS. 2, 3 and described in the description, in particular from page 7, line 4 to page 9, line 2, and hereby incorporated into the present application.
- the elevator installation according to the invention comprises a traction sheave whose traction surfaces cooperating with the suspension element have a roughness of approximately 0.5 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, preferably one of 1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m, measured in the circumferential direction.
- This roughness can be generated by suitable machining, for example by cylindrical grinding, but preferably by shot blasting or sandblasting.
- a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant surface coating which may be preferably carried out in an electrochemical process, for example as a hard chrome layer, or in the dipping process.
- This coating has a thickness of less than 20 microns, after a cost and lifetime optimized version has a thickness of 10 .mu.m - 20 .mu.m and after a particularly cost-effective variant, a thickness of less than 10 .mu.m.
- the hardness of the surface coating is more than 40 HRC, preferably 40 - 55 HRC.
- Such a traction sheave is disclosed in EP1169256. Implementation details and method features are described in particular in the description sections [0013] and [0014] and are hereby incorporated into the present application.
- roller element or roller elements For the sake of simplicity and for better readability, deflecting rollers or supporting rollers / carrier disks and traction sheaves are summarized below under the term roller element or roller elements. So if the term roller element / roller elements is used, so are both pulleys (idlers / discs) and traction sheaves meant.
- an elevator installation according to the invention has a roller element, in particular a traction sheave and / or a deflection roller, for driving or deflecting an elevator support, which are produced such that the measured in the circumferential direction arithmetic mean roughness of at least one contact surface and measured in the axial direction Mean roughness of their contact surface are different.
- the advantage of such a roller element is that - in order to minimize the wear required low roughness in the circumferential direction - the manufacturing cost of the roller element can be reduced compared to a roller element with the same roughness in both directions.
- an increased roughness of the contact surfaces in the axial direction of the roller element can positively influence the lateral guidance of the elevator support means on the roller element, in particular when flat belts are used as elevator support means.
- a preferred embodiment of the roller element or of the traction sheave or of the deflection roller is characterized in that the measured in the circumferential direction of the roller element arithmetic mean roughness of the contact surface less than 1 micrometer, preferably 0.1 to 0.8 microns, more preferably 0.2 to 0.6 microns.
- One of the advantages of contact surfaces with a roughness according to these specifications lies in low wear of the elevator support means as well as the contact surfaces of the roller element itself.
- Another advantage is that the maximum traction between the roller element and the elevator support means is relatively precisely limited, which is especially in operating situations important is, in which the elevator support means for a limited time to slide against the roller element. Such an operating situation may occur, for example, if, as a result of a control breakdown, the elevator car or the counterweight drive up to their lower limits, or if the elevator car or the counterweight are blocked along their carriageways for other reasons.
- the average roughness of Contact area is a difference of more than 0.2 microns available.
- the arithmetic mean roughness of the contact surface measured in the axial direction of the roller element is more than 0.4 micrometer, preferably 0.4 to 0.95 micrometer. This embodiment also serves to reduce the manufacturing costs of the roller element and to improve the lateral guidance of the elevator support means on the roller element.
- the at least one contact surface of the roller element is processed by turning, fine turning or profile cylindrical grinding. This makes it possible to achieve the desired contact surface roughness with the lowest possible manufacturing costs.
- At least one contact surface of the roller element has a coating, preferably a chromium-containing coating.
- the wear resistance can be improved.
- it can be used to influence the maximum traction force occurring between the roller element and the elevator support means.
- the roller element is made of a tempered steel and has a hardness of 15 to 30 HRC at least in the areas of its at least one contact surface. This ensures sufficient wear resistance of the roller element.
- one or more roller elements form an integral unit with a drive shaft of a drive unit of the elevator installation, wherein the roller element (s) and the drive shaft preferably have approximately the same diameter.
- this has the advantage that at least one of these roller elements can easily assume the function of a traction sheave for driving the elevator-supporting means by being combined with the drive shaft of the drive unit.
- Roller element On the other hand, can be reduced by the integration of / the roller elements in the drive shaft, the manufacturing costs and the time and effort during assembly.
- the Roüenelement is designed to cooperate with at least one elevator support means which has the shape of a Flachnemens or Keil ⁇ ppenriemens or a V-belt or a round cross-section has the interaction of the roller member with the usually consisting of an elastomeric plastic jacket of such elevator support means results a defined maximum traction force and low wear on the elevator support means as well as on the roller element
- FIG. 1 H and FIG. 2H Exemplary embodiments of a preferred roller element are explained below with reference to the attached drawings FIG. 1 H and FIG. 2H
- roller element 1h for driving and / or deflecting an elevator support means 2h in an elevator installation, the roller element 1h being present in the form of a traction sheave fixed to a drive shaft 3h of a drive unit.
- This roller element 1h comprises three contact surfaces 4h, which in the elevator operation comprise three Elevator support means 2h in the form of flat belts cooperate, said elevator support means 2h with a (shown elsewhere) elevator car and a counterweight of an elevator system in conjunction to carry them in an elevator shaft and drive the contact surfaces 4h are designed spherical, which serves the lift support means 2h (flat belt) to drive during the elevator operation in the middle of the respective associated contact surface 4h
- FIG. 2H shows a second exemplary embodiment of a roller element 11h for driving and / or deflecting an elevator support 12h in an elevator installation.
- the roller element shown in FIG. 2H is integrated in the drive shaft 13h of a drive unit and forms a one-piece unit with the roller element 11h in this case with two elevator support means 12h which are in communication with an elevator car (not shown) and a counterweight of an elevator installation for carrying and driving them in an elevator shaft.
- the elevator means 12h shown here have the form of wire-reinforced Keil ⁇ ppen ⁇ emen, whose Keil ⁇ ppenprofil in corresponding keyways The edges of these keyways 15h form contact surfaces 14h, via which the second roller element 11h interacts with the second elevator support means 12h.
- the elevator support means 12h each comprise a belt body 12 1h made of an abrasion resistant material Elastomer, in which to ensure sufficient tensile strength Wegtrager 12 2h of steel wire or synthetic strands are embedded.
- the integration of the Roüenelements 11 h shown in Fig. 2H in a drive or deflection shaft 13h allows the use of roller elements with very small diameters in combination with the largest possible associated shaft diameters.
- Roller elements 1 h, 11 h, as shown for example in FIGS. 1H and 2H, are preferably made of steel, in particular made of tempered steel, which - at least in the region of the contact surface 4h; 14h - has a tensile strength of 600 - 1000 N / mm 2 and / or a Rockwell C hardness of at least 15 HRC.
- roller elements 1 h; 11 h in particular the processing of their contact surfaces 4h; 14h, is conveniently carried out by turning and / or fine turning and / or round profile grinding on machine tools, which are suitable for the production of surfaces with low roughness.
- sandblasting and / or shot peening and / or tempering in particular surface treatment and / or plasma hardening and / or coating by galvanic methods and / or immersion methods and / or plastics engineering methods.
- galvanic methods and / or immersion methods and / or plastics engineering methods can be used in addition to or instead of turning and / or fine turning and / or round profiling and / or milling.
- the contact surfaces 4h; 14h of the roller elements 1h; 11h provided with coatings that have a surface structure with the roughness properties described above and are sufficiently resistant to wear.
- coatings that have a surface structure with the roughness properties described above and are sufficiently resistant to wear.
- chromium-containing coatings in particular hard chrome have proven, as described for example in the shaft: “Materials of mechanical engineering, plant and apparatus construction", 2nd edition, VEB Deutscher Verlag, Leipzig 1982, on page 144 to protect against wear.
- Other ways to protect the contact surfaces from wear are also in shank: “Materials of mechanical engineering, plant and apparatus construction", 2nd edition, VEB Deutscher Verlag, für 1982, specified in section 8.3.4 on pages 352 to 361.
- the same hard chrome layer serves not only as protection against wear but at the same time as protection against corrosion.
- the use of this layer as corrosion protection is also in the shaft: "materials of the machine, Anlagen- und Apparatebaues ", 2nd edition, VEB Deutscher Verlag, Leipzig 1882, described on page 312 under point 7.9.2.
- the contact surfaces 4h; 14h of the roller elements 1h; 11h are machined or coated such that the measured in the circumferential direction of the roller elements arithmetic mean roughness u R a of the contact surfaces is different from the measured in the axial direction of the roller elements average roughness A R a of the contact surfaces. Because the processing quality of the contact surfaces does not have to meet the defined maximum requirements for both directions, manufacturing costs can be saved. In addition, by a roughness of the contact surfaces increased in the axial direction of the roller element, the lateral guidance of the elevator support means on the roller element can be improved. This has a positive effect, in particular, when the elevator support means is a flat belt or a V-ribbed belt.
- the measuring directions for the roughness measurement in the circumferential direction are denoted by A and the measuring directions for the roughness measurement in the axial direction are denoted by B.
- the contact surfaces are 4h; 14h processed or coated so that in the circumferential direction A of the roller element 1 h; 11 h measured arithmetic mean roughness u R a of the contact surfaces 4h; 14h is less than 1 micron.
- a further prevention of wear can be achieved if the said average roughness u R a is between 0.1 and 0.8 micrometers, more preferably between 0.2 and 0.6 micrometers.
- Relatively long-lasting slippage of up to 60 seconds duration can occur in an elevator installation, for example, if, as a result of a control defect, the elevator car or the counterweight are approaching their track limits or otherwise blocked.
- the mean roughness u R a or A R a is the average roughness R a defined in the DIN EN ISO 4287 standard.
- roller elements can be realized, for example, each interact with at least one V-belt, round belt or with at least one round steel wire rope.
- the belt-type elevator support means preferably comprise belt bodies of an abrasion-resistant elastomer, preferably of a thermoplastic elastomer.
- an elastomer which can be used for a belt body are polyurethane (PU), in particular ether-based polyurethane, or an ethylene-propylene (diene) copolymer (EPM, EPDM), these belt bodies being reinforced in the longitudinal direction by tension members made of steel wire or synthetic fiber strands.
- PU polyurethane
- EPM ethylene-propylene copolymer
- the contact surfaces of the roller elements cooperate with the elastomeric material of the belt body of the elevator support means. This means that the contact surfaces are specially matched in their surface properties and structures to the requirements in conjunction with these elastomer materials, in order to realize an optimum coordination of the traction, wear, slip behavior and service life of the elevator, roller element and any coatings.
- steel wire ropes are used as lift-bearing means, these steel wire ropes, with or without sheathing, can cooperate with the roller elements, wherein sheathings preferably also consist of an elastomeric material, as described above.
- An elevator installation according to the invention may comprise a traction sheave and / or a deflection roller whose area cooperating with the suspension element is provided with inserts of a material which does not correspond to the material of the roller body.
- these deposits are made of a plastic whose properties in interaction with the suspension means leads to desired effects, for example increased or reduced traction, less abrasion on Tragmittei or on the traction sheave or on the pulleys or lower noise.
- Suitable materials for such deposits are, for example, natural rubber or synthetic rubber, such as polyurethane PU, to improve traction, polyamide PA to reduce the wear on discs and suspension elements, and polyethylene PE or PTFE (Teflon®) to reduce friction and noise in the Range of traction sheaves and pulleys.
- Such inserts can be fixed as a one-piece or as sectors divided annular rotary parts on a body of a traction sheave or a pulley, for example glued or held by mechanical means, or they can be applied in a coating process and subsequently reworked where necessary.
- the inserts can be contoured, for example, to ensure lateral guidance of the suspension element by interaction with corresponding contours of a belt-like suspension means.
- contours consist of at least one in the circumferential direction of the traction sheave or the guide roller extending rib or groove, which cooperates with at least one corresponding groove or rib, extending in the longitudinal direction of the belt-like support means.
- the inserts may also include integrated flanges, which guide the belt-like support means on the side surfaces.
- Such traction sheaves or deflecting sheaves with inserts in the region of their interaction with a belt-type suspension element are disclosed in WO99 / 43885.
- Features and details of execution are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and in particular from page 12, line 6, to page 14, line 8 described and hereby incorporated into the present application.
- Traction sheaves and pulleys with inserts in the region of their contact with the suspension elements are also applicable in elevator systems in which the suspension means in the form of steel wire ropes, coated steel wire ropes and sheathed synthetic fiber ropes are present. Suitable materials for such inserts are in particular the materials mentioned in the preceding section, which are used for deposits in traction sheaves / pulleys for belt-like suspension means. Such traction sheaves or deflection sheaves with inserts in the region of their interaction with rope-like suspension elements are disclosed for example in EP1511683. Features and details of execution are shown in Fig. 4 and in particular in the Descriptions [0021] and [0022] and incorporated herein by reference.
- the elevator installation according to the invention comprises a traction sheave, the surface of which interacts with the suspension element only partially, d. H. in the region of certain sectors of the peripheral surface, is hardened to reduce the wear of said surface.
- a traction sheave is disclosed in EP1471030. Embodiment details and method features are described in particular in FIG. 1 and in the description sections [0019] to [0031] and are hereby incorporated into the present application.
- An elevator installation according to the invention can comprise a traction sheave or a diverting pulley, in which provision is made for the lateral guiding of a belt-like suspension element running over it.
- the following sections relate to embodiments of such traction sheaves and pulleys.
- the traction sheave or deflection pulley can be provided with flanged wheels, which are respectively provided on both sides of the running surface for the suspension element, and prevent excessive lateral deviations of the suspension element.
- a traction sheave or deflection roller may have running surfaces for more than one suspension element, in which case flanged wheels are arranged on each side of each surface.
- each of a support means facing radial side surfaces of the flanged wheels are formed so that the angle between them and the tread is more than 90 °.
- an elevator installation has a traction sheave or a deflection roller for driving or guiding a plurality of flat belt-like suspension elements arranged in parallel.
- the deflection pulley or traction sheave comprises a central hollow shaft and a plurality of annular bodies and separator discs centered thereon, which are alternately strung together in the axial direction and connected to one another, preferably by means of screws.
- the peripheral surfaces of the annular body thereby form the running surfaces for the support means and the separator discs arranged therebetween form guide elements which project beyond the annular bodies and guide the flat-belt-like support means laterally on the deflection roller or traction sheave.
- the aforementioned peripheral surfaces of the annular body may be provided with buckles, which Guiding the suspension element in the middle of the ring body easier.
- the separator discs have a lower coefficient of friction with respect to the support means than the running surfaces of the annular bodies.
- An elevator installation may comprise a traction sheave or deflection roller which has at least one guide groove or guide rib for laterally guiding a belt-like suspension element running over it on the circumferential surface cooperating with the belt-like suspension element. This extends in the circumferential direction of the roller and cooperates with at least one corresponding, extending in the longitudinal direction of the support means rib or groove of the support means so that it is guided on the traction sheave or the guide roller.
- a plurality of guide grooves and / or guide ribs are distributed over the width of the roller or the belt-like support means.
- the flat belt-like support means has a guide groove and the guide pulley / traction sheave on a guide rib.
- the assignment is reversed.
- An elevator installation with such suspension elements or deflection rollers / traction sheave is disclosed in WO2006 / 042427.
- Features and design details, in particular the details of the support means and the execution of the pulleys and the traction sheave are described in Fig. 2-9 and in the description on page 10, line 10 to page 15, line 32 and are hereby incorporated into the present application incorporated.
- an elevator installation comprises a suspension system with a belt-like suspension element 12.3, which has a plurality of ribs 20.3 or grooves with a wedge-shaped cross section extending in the longitudinal direction of the suspension element.
- the support means 12.3 cooperates with a traction sheave or pulleys 4.3, which have corresponding, circumferentially extending grooves or ribs 22.3 with wedge-shaped cross-section.
- the existing between the flanks of the wedge-shaped ribs and grooves flank angle ß is between 60 ° and 120 °, preferably between 80 ° and 100 °, particularly preferably at 90 °.
- the traction sheave or Umlenkrcüen designed so that in each case between a rib comb of the wedge-shaped ribs 20.3, 22.3 and a corresponding groove bottom a cavity 34, 35 is present when the support means rests on the support center disk 4.3.
- This ensures that the support means and the traction sheave or the pulleys touch exclusively in the region of the oblique edges of their ribs and grooves, but not in the groove bottom.
- dirt and abrasion can accumulate in said cavity, whereby the wear is reduced and the service life of traction sheave or pulley and / or suspension means are increased.
- a suspension system of the aforementioned type is disclosed in EP1777189.
- the at least one tread for the flat belt is not completely cylindrical, but it has transversely to the circumferential direction on a curvature, which centering of the flat belt in the middle the tread causes.
- This curvature can, viewed in cross section along the axis of rotation, be continuous circular arc-shaped, wherein the circular radius is for example about 1000 mm.
- the distance x in meters and for the exponent n a value of about 2 is to be used.
- y of the radius reduction also the unit meter applies.
- the camber height of the tread of the tread defined in this way can be reduced in the region of the center of the tread so that the running surface in this region receives a cylindrical shape.
- a traction sheave or deflection roller which has a running surface with one of the curvature forms described is disclosed in WO2006 / 022686. Additional features and details of execution are shown in Figs. 2-4 and in particular described on page 3, line 9 to page 4, line 32 of the description and hereby incorporated into the present application.
- guide rollers may be installed.
- such support means guide rollers are arranged on both sides of each support means and in each case on both sides of a traction sheave / deflection pulley, ie in its two inlet regions.
- the distance between the suspension element guide rollers and the point at which the carrier element contacts the traction sheave corresponds at least five times the width of the belt-like suspension element
- the support means deviates by a certain distance from its central position on the tread, one of its side surfaces came into contact with the peripheral surface of a guide roller, whereby a further lateral deviation without friction through the Fuhrungsrolle is prevented
- the Tragstoffungsrollen in the region of their peripheral surfaces on a comprehensive circumferential groove, which in such a case an edge region of the belt-like Supporting means and can carry this edge region so that it can not escape as a result of the straightening force of Tragstoffstoffungsrollen transversely to said center plane of the support means
- the support means guide rollers can be replaced by support means guide plates preventing sideways drifting of a belt-like support means by sliding it on its side surfaces.
- Such support means guide plates Advantageously also mounted at a distance to the point at which the support means touches the traction sheave / pulley and which corresponds to at least five times the width of the belt-like support means
- materials for such Tragstoffungsplatten are in particular coated with nano-particles steel plates, for example, those by sputtering MoS2, T ⁇ -MoS2 or graphite are produced on the base metal or plates made of abrasion-resistant, low-friction plastic, such as polyamide (PA) or polyethylene terephthalate (PE TP) 1 which preferably contain a solid lubricant such as MoS2 or graphite
- An elevator system may comprise a traction sheave or pulleys in many different arrangements. Examples of such arrangements are disclosed in EP1446348 and briefly specified below.
- FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2, 3 and 4 of EP1446348 show elevator systems with an elevator car, a counterweight and a shaft head arranged drive unit, each with at least one traction sheave belt-like support means wrap around the traction sheave, and their cabin-side strands undermine the elevator car and carry it over on the cabin underside arranged pulleys. With their counterweight-side Trumen wear Tragmittei the counterweight on arranged at the top pulleys. As shown in Fig.
- the guide rails of the elevator car can protrude into intermediate spaces which are present between two of the above-mentioned pulleys of the elevator car, which enables the installation of a maximum possible elevator car in a given shaft space.
- Execution details, in particular the details of the arrangement of the pulleys, are described from page 12, line 1 to page 16, line 4 and are hereby incorporated into the present application.
- FIGs 5A, 5B of EP1446348 show an elevator installation comprising an elevator car, a counterweight and a drive unit with a traction sheave arranged in the shaft head.
- the elevator car and the counterweight are coupled directly to the ends of suspension means, wherein one of the support means from the counterweight on the traction sheave to the drive unit facing side of the elevator car and another suspension means from the counterweight on the traction sheave and arranged in the shaft head deflection roller on the drive unit remote side of the elevator car is guided.
- Execution details in particular the details of the arrangement of said pulley, are described from page 16, line 6 to page 17, line 2 and are hereby incorporated into the present application.
- FIGS. 6A, 6B of EP1446348 show an elevator installation which comprises an elevator cage, two counterweights arranged laterally of the elevator cage and a drive unit with two traction sheaves arranged in the shaft head.
- the elevator car and the counterweights are supported by belt-like suspension means arranged on both sides of the elevator car and driven by said traction sheaves.
- To guide the support means and to support the elevator car and the counterweight are four pulleys in the shaft head, each arranged a deflection roller on each counterweight and a pulley on both sides of the elevator car. Execution details, in particular the details of the arrangement of the deflection rollers are described from page 17, line 14 to page 18, line 21 and are hereby incorporated into the present application.
- FIG. 7A, 7B of EP1446348 show an elevator system, which is very similar to that disclosed in Fig. 6A 1 6B elevator system, but has the advantage that the support means are always deflected in the same bending direction or curved. Execution details, in particular the details of the arrangement of the pulleys are described on page 19, lines 9 to 16 and are hereby incorporated into the present application.
- Fig. 8, 9 of EP1446348 show elevator systems, each with an elevator car and a counterweight, the elevator car and the counterweight hanging on a suitable support function for the support means, which is guided over a guide roller arranged in the shaft head.
- the drive of the elevator car and the counterweight is effected by a traction sheave of a drive unit arranged below via a suitable for the drive function, belt-like drive means, one end of which is fixed to the elevator car and the other end to the counterweight.
- Execution details, in particular the details of the arrangement of the pulleys, are described from page 19, line 29 to page 20, line 15 and are hereby incorporated into the present application.
- FIGs 10A, 10B of EP1446348 show an elevator installation with an elevator car and a counterweight.
- the elevator car is coupled by two suitable for the support function suspension means with the counterweight.
- These suspension elements are guided over two guide rollers installed in the shaft head, the latter being arranged so that one of the suspension elements is guided to one of two mutually opposite sides of the elevator cage, where it is fixed to the elevator cage.
- the drive of the elevator car and the counterweight is effected by a laterally above drive unit via a suitable for the drive function, belt-like drive means.
- This belt-like drive means rotates a traction sheave of the drive unit and a deflection roller arranged below, wherein both ends of the drive means are coupled to the counterweight and drive this.
- the drive of the elevator car via the suspension means described above.
- a variant of this elevator installation and execution details, in particular the details of the arrangement of the pulleys are described from page 20, line 17 to page 21, line 12 and are hereby incorporated into the present application.
- the elevator installation according to the invention can comprise deflection rollers whose arrangement is disclosed in EP1555236 and briefly specified below:
- FIG. 1 of EP1555236 shows an elevator installation with an elevator cage and a counterweight and a drive 7 fastened to a shaft ceiling, which drives a drive module 11 and a deflection module 19.
- the elevator car and the counterweight are suspended on a plurality of suspension elements arranged in parallel, which are driven by the drive module 11 arranged above the center of the elevator car and deflected by deflection rollers provided in the deflection module 19 over the center of the counterweight.
- FIGS. 1 of EP1555236 shows an elevator installation with an elevator cage and a counterweight and a drive 7 fastened to a shaft ceiling, which drives a drive module 11 and a deflection module 19.
- the elevator car and the counterweight are suspended on a plurality of suspension elements arranged in parallel, which are driven by the drive module 11 arranged above the center of the elevator car and deflected by deflection rollers provided in
- the distance between the drive module 11 and the deflection module 19 or the deflection rollers is variable. steübar. In this way, given at different Aufzugsaniagen different support means distances between leading to the elevator car and leading to the counterweight Trumen the suspension means can be adapted to the respective requirements.
- Features and design details, in particular the details of the arrangement of the deflection rollers are described in particular column 4, line 53 to column 6, line 18 and are hereby incorporated into the present application.
- the elevator car as well as the counterweight are equipped with deflection rollers in the elevator system described above according to the invention, via which they hang on two trunks of several suspension elements.
- a so-called 2: 1 suspension is available both for the elevator car as well as for the counterweight.
- For each suspension means separate pulleys are present, which are stored in separate roller housings.
- These deflection roller units 10 are connected to the elevator car or the counterweight, wherein the distance between each of the Umlenkrollenizien 10 and the elevator car or the counterweight is individually adjustable.
- the latter can have an arrangement of a belt-like suspension element, in which the suspension element is rotated about two longitudinal deflection rollers between two successive deflection rollers or between a traction sheave and a following deflection roller.
- the angle of rotation is preferably 180 ° or 90 °.
- One reason for such a Tragstoffverwarung may consist in that the belt-like support means is equipped only on one side with guide profiles and can only be achieved by such a rotation that the support means with certain arrangements of successive roles / discs always with its profiled side on the Rolls / discs rests.
- an elevator installation comprises a suspension element cooperating with an elevator cage and a counterweight and at least one roller element looped around by this suspension element, for example a traction sheave or a deflection roller.
- the suspension element has an arrangement of tension members and a jacket which surrounds this tension member, wherein the jacket is provided with a longitudinal structure, for example a longitudinal groove, in a region of its surface intended for wrapping around a roller element.
- the roller element has along its circumference a groove in which the support means is received.
- the groove has a groove bottom, which is formed substantially flat, d. H. forms a straight line in cross section.
- the Switzerlandan extract consists of only two tension members. This makes it possible to form the support means with a width / height ratio that is greater than 1 and at the same time less than or equal to 3.
- the support means is flat overall and compared to known cables with circular cross-section, for example, with a width / height ratio equal to 1, smaller deflection radii and thus smaller roller elements allows.
- the upper limit of 3 ensures that the transverse forces occurring in the suspension element do not become too great, thus preventing excessive wear.
- a support means whose width / height ratio is due to the two tensile carriers in the proposed invention according to the area, at the same time has sufficient flexibility in the width direction, which increases the ease of installation.
- the tension members may consist of carbon, aramid or other plastics with sufficiently high tensile strength. However, they are preferably made of metallic wires, especially steel wires, which are particularly favorable in terms of manufacturing or deformability, strength and service life.
- the wires can be stranded one or more times to ropes, wherein a rope can be stranded from several strands.
- a strand of wire in turn comprises stranded wires.
- a soul, in particular a textile or plastic core can be arranged.
- the spaces between the Wires or strands are preferably partially or completely filled by material of the jacket enclosing the tension member. This prevents contact between the strands and / or wires moving against one another when the suspension element is bent, thus reducing the wear on the same.
- the two tension members are counter-struck, i. the rope forming the one tension member is struck to the right and the rope forming the other tension member of the tension member assembly is struck on the left.
- the tension members or the steel cables forming them or the wires stranded thereon have a maximum dimension perpendicular to their longitudinal axis, which ranges between 1.25 mm and 10 mm. preferably in a range between 1, 5 mm and 2.5 mm, and in particular substantially equal to 1, 5 mm. This has proven to be a good compromise between weight, strength and manufacturability. In particular, small deflecting radii can advantageously be realized with such tension carriers. When using such suspension elements in elevators with large weights steel cables are preferably used with a diameter of up to 8 mm.
- the tensile members have a substantially round cross section, the abovementioned maximum dimension corresponds to the diameter of the tension member.
- a suspension means can be made particularly simple, since in the arrangement of the tension member in the jacket does not have to be paid to the orientation with respect to the longitudinal axis.
- the tension members may also have oval or rectangular cross sections, which are particularly suitable for the realization of the inventive width / height ratio between 1 and 3.
- An alternative embodiment according to the invention provides that the two tension members touch each other at least at certain points. This allows the production of particularly space-saving support means.
- the longitudinal structure of the outer surface of the suspension element has at least one groove extending in the longitudinal direction of the suspension element. This advantageously increases the flexibility of the suspension element without significantly increasing its tensile strength reduce.
- a groove is preferably provided in the region of the outer surface, with which the suspension element wraps around a roller element of the elevator.
- Such a groove can be produced, for example, by the outer surface of the suspension element following at least on one broad side of the suspension element essentially an outer contour of the two adjacent tensile carriers.
- the outer surface on both broad sides essentially follows the outer contour of the tensile carriers arranged next to one another.
- both tensile carriers are advantageously enveloped substantially at each point with the same wall thickness, so that stresses are distributed homogeneously within the suspension element.
- such an outer surface or casing can be designed with little casing material, which has a cost-effective effect.
- this embodiment can be realized with a groove on one or both broad sides of the support means in embodiments with a plurality of in a plane adjacent tension members, wherein the number of grooves per broad side increases accordingly.
- the plane in which the tension members are arranged next to each other is preferably arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the suspension element for two as well as for more than two tension members in the suspension element.
- the groove or a channel can also be arranged close to the outer surface of the suspension element, so on the one hand cross contraction, especially at distant tensile carriers allows and yet the support means pressing is concentrated in the areas of the tension member and a central region of the suspension element is relieved of pressure.
- the middle region which corresponds to the pressure-relieved area of the suspension element and the groove, is advantageously approximately 20% to 50% of the suspension element width.
- the mantle can enclose the two tension members in a trapezoidal shape.
- An elastomer for example polyurethane (PU) or ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), which is advantageous with regard to damping and friction properties and also wear behavior, has proven to be suitable as a jacket material.
- PU polyurethane
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene rubber
- the outer surface can be specifically influenced.
- different areas of the suspension element can be provided with coatings or with different coatings.
- an area may be provided with a coating to achieve a good sliding property.
- This region can be, for example, a region remote from the traction region or a lateral region of the suspension element.
- One area, in particular the traction area of the suspension element is advantageously provided with a coating to achieve a good traction or power transmission.
- an area of the suspension element can be provided with a color coating or differ in color due to a material of a different color. This is advantageous during assembly, since a possible unintentional twisting of the suspension element due to the different color ranges can be easily recognized and corrected. If the casing is constructed in a multi-layered manner using differently colored layers, a state of wear or abrasion can also easily be recognized on the basis of the color differences.
- Such a coating or such a layer structure can be obtained, for example, by spraying, gluing, extruding or flocculating a corresponding layer or coating.
- a layer in the layer structure may preferably comprise plastic and / or a plastic composite material and / or a fabric.
- the wear resistance, the roughness, the compressive and tensile strength of the layer can be influenced by the choice of a plastic composite material, which is especially important if this layer functions as the outer layer of the suspension element.
- Particles of metal, metal alloys, metal oxides and / or carbon particles and / or natural or synthetic fibers, and / or two-dimensional fabric layers may serve as composite material in connection with the plastic.
- Around Directionally, to optimize the properties of the layer prior to all linear particles or fibers with texture - ie with a preferred orientation of the linear particles or fibers - can be processed with the plastic to form a composite material.
- An elevator comprises a cab and a counterweight coupled thereto via a suspension means.
- the support means cooperates with the car and the counterweight to hold or lift them and can be attached to the cabin and / or the counterweight each directly, for example via a wedgelock, or one or more with the car or the Wrap counterweight associated rolling elements.
- the suspension element has a tensile carrier arrangement and a jacket which encloses the tensile carrier arrangement and which has a longitudinal structure in a region of an outer surface which wraps around a roller element of the elevator.
- the roller element has a groove for lateral guidance of the support means, in which the support means is at least partially received.
- the suspension element wraps around the roller element at least partially, for example by substantially 180 °.
- the groove base of the groove, on which the suspension element rests with its one broad side and which is wrapped around by the suspension element is formed substantially flat or flat.
- the production of such a roller element is simple and relatively inexpensive.
- the ease of assembly of the elevator is thereby increased, since now the longitudinal structure of the support means does not have to be aligned with a complementary thereto structure of the groove bottom.
- the planar groove bottom allows deformations within the suspension element and a more uniform distribution of the tension across the cross section of the suspension element.
- the groove ensures a lateral stop sufficient lateral guidance of the support means, without hindering such deformations.
- the groove follows the two-sided edges of the support means in approximately the shape of the support means.
- the groove comprises an inlet area and a guide area.
- the inlet region is generally not in contact with the suspension element and merges into the guide region, which is in contact with the suspension element in the region of the loop.
- the groove thus follows with its lateral, the narrow side of the belt corresponding boundaries of the structure of the support means, while the groove bottom, which extends between these lateral boundaries is flat; that is, he has no interim surveys or sinks.
- the roller element, which is wrapped by the support means and this receives in its groove with a flat groove bottom, may equally be a pulley or a traction sheave. It can also be several, preferably all wrapped by the support means roller elements of the elevator be provided with grooves in which each of the support means is at least partially received and which have a flat or flat groove bottom.
- the roller element is designed such that a plurality of grooves with a flat groove bottom are arranged side by side.
- a plurality of similar support means can be side by side guided, deflected and / or driven.
- One or more traction sheaves may be coupled to a drive of the elevator, the torque applied to the roller element are frictionally introduced as longitudinal forces in the support means.
- a drive may comprise one or more asynchronous motors and / or permanent magnet motors. This design allows drives of small dimensions, so that the total space required for the elevator in a building can be reduced.
- the elevator may be designed in particular without a machine room.
- the roller element in particular the traction sheave is advantageously made of steel or cast material (GG, GGG).
- the grooves of the traction sheave directly, ie in particular integrally incorporated in a shaft which is drivably connected to a motor.
- the groove bottom has an average roughness in the circumferential direction in a range between 0.1 ⁇ m and 0.7 ⁇ m, in particular between 0.2 ⁇ m and 0.6 ⁇ m and particularly preferably between 0.3 ⁇ m and 0 , 5 ⁇ m.
- the groove bottom preferably has an average roughness in a range between 0.3 ⁇ m and 1.3 ⁇ m, in particular between 0.4 ⁇ m and 1.2 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably between 0.5 ⁇ m and 1.1 ⁇ m. These roughnesses can be adjusted in the circumferential direction, a coefficient of friction, the sufficient driving force mediates while the Tragmitte! is frictionally guided in the axial direction and so excessive wear on the groove flanks is prevented.
- the roller element may be coated.
- the roller element in particular a deflection roller without a driving function, be made of plastic, in which the required grooves are incorporated or formed directly.
- Fig. 1 P is schematically illustrated an elevator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- This comprises a rail 3p movable along longitudinal rails 5p in a shaft 1p and a counterweight 8p coupled in opposite directions, which is guided on a rail 7p.
- An inventive described in more detail below suspension means 12p is attached with its one end inertially in a first suspension point 10p in the shaft 1 p. Starting there, it wraps around a deflecting roller 4.3p connected to the counterweight 8p by 180 ° and then a traction sheave 4.1p likewise by 180 °.
- Fig. 2P shows the upper half of the traction sheave 4.1p of the elevator of Fig. 1 P and the support means 12p embracing it according to an embodiment of the present invention in cross-section.
- the support means 12p has two with respect to the traction sheave axially juxtaposed tensile carrier 14p, each consisting of nine stranded strands.
- the core strand is made of three layers of 19 stranded steel wires and surrounded by eight two-ply outer strands, each comprising seven stranded steel wires.
- the two tension members 14p have opposite directions of impact. For this purpose, the outer strands of a train carrier right-handed, the other of the other left-beaten to the respective core strand.
- the tension members 14p have a diameter d of about 2.5 mm.
- D denotes the diameter of the traction sheave
- advantageously significantly smaller deflection radii and thus smaller traction sheaves and / or pulleys can be realized.
- the required installation space of the elevator can be advantageously reduced.
- the two tension members 14p are embedded in a jacket 13p made of EPDM.
- This has an outer surface 13.1p, which essentially follows the outer contour 14.1p of the two tension members 14p indicated in FIG. 2P by a dashed line. Since these adjacently arranged tensile carriers each have a substantially circular outer contour 14.1p, the outer surface 13.1p of the suspension element 12p has in cross-section substantially the shape of a horizontal hourglass, wherein on the two broad sides (top, bottom in FIGS. 2P, 3P) in each case a groove 13.2p is formed in the longitudinal direction of the suspension element 12p.
- the wall thickness of the jacket 13p surrounding the tension member 14p is advantageously substantially the same everywhere, which leads to an improved stress distribution in the suspension element 12p.
- the grooves 13.2p facilitate a slight internal movement of the tension members 14p in the shell 13p against each other, so that lateral forces in the tension member 12p can be reduced.
- the support means is symmetrical with respect to its perpendicular to its longitudinal direction, extending in the width or height direction transverse or vertical axis, so that it can be placed rotated by 180 °. From such designed suspension means successive roller elements with the same outer surface contours can easily counter-direction are wrapped around, where they are out of these due to their opposite to the grooves of the roller elements formed outer surfaces.
- the suspension element 12p is received in a groove 15p of the traction sheave 4.1p so that it lies completely within the groove 15p in the cross section shown.
- the support means contacts in the shown Umschlingungsposition the two the groove bottom 15.1 p laterally (left, right in Fig. 2P) limiting flanks of the groove 15p in an approximately linear guide area and rests on the groove bottom 15.1 p of the groove, while it the inlet areas 15.2p the flanks not touched.
- the groove base 15.1p looped around by the support means 12p in this way is planar or flat according to the invention. This facilitates the above-described internal movement of the suspension element 12p, so that transverse forces in the suspension element 12p are reduced, which counteracts wear of the suspension element 12p and the traction sheave 4.1p.
- the guide rollers 4.2p to 4.4p have just grooves with a flat groove bottom (not shown), in which the support rollers 12p wrapping around the pulleys 4.2p to 4.4p each received in the same manner as described with reference to FIG. 2P for the Traction sheave 4.1 p has been described.
- FIG. 3P shows a suspension element 12p, as already known from FIG. 2P.
- the support means 12p is in turn taken up in a groove 15p of the traction sheave 4.1p in this example.
- the groove 15p includes the groove bottom 15.1p, a side guide portion 15.3p and a side run-in portion 15.2p.
- the groove bottom according to the invention is flat or flat.
- the flanks of the groove 15p and their guide portions 15.3p follow approximately the outer shape of the support means 12p approximately to its widest point.
- the inlet areas 15.2p are not in contact with the suspension 12p over the area of the belt.
- Each inlet region 15.2p merges in the direction of the groove bottom 15.1 into the guide region 15.3p, which is in contact with the suspension element 12p over the region of the loop.
- the introduction region 15.2p is advantageously friction-reducing, and the groove base 15.1p is designed to increase the friction value.
- the guide area 15.3p not only corresponds to a narrow line, as in FIG. 2p, then the guide area 15.3p is advantageously designed as a transition with respect to the coefficient of friction.
- the part close to the insertion area 15.2p is preferably reduced in friction, and the groove 15.1 p obvious part is carried out with increased friction.
- FIG. 4P shows a modification of the traction sheave 4.1p according to the invention of the elevator shown in FIG. 1P, which is looped around by a suspension element 12p according to a further embodiment of the present invention.
- a suspension element 12p according to a further embodiment of the present invention.
- the jacket 13p of the support means 12p according to the further embodiment of the present invention according to FIG. 4P is trapezoidal or polygonal.
- the jacket regions surrounding a respective tension member 14p have a trapezoidal cross section on opposite broad sides (top, bottom in FIG. 4P) of the suspension element 12p.
- the two formed between the tension members 14p grooves 13.2p with a trapezoidal cross-section The opposite narrow sides (left, right in Fig. 4P) of the support means 12p are thus also trapezoidal and have with respect to the radial direction of the traction sheave 4.1 p a defined Angle up.
- flanks 15.2p formed in the traction sheave 4.1 p groove 15p are inclined relative to the radial direction by the same angle, so that received in the groove 15p with trapezoidal cross-section support means 12p with its the drive pulley 4.1 p facing outer inclined surfaces these flanks 15.2p rests. Due to the wedge effect caused thereby, the driving ability is advantageously increased with the same bias in the support means 12p.
- the suspension element does not have to be completely received in the groove 15p in the radial direction, but can protrude radially outward beyond it.
- the suspension element 12p is completely accommodated in the groove 15p, as in the modification shown in FIG. 2P, this can protect against damage to the suspension element 12p.
- Fig. 5P shows an alternative embodiment of the support means 12p based on the embodiment of Fig. 3P.
- the two tension members 14p touch each other at least at certain points.
- An outer contour of the individual tension members 14p is given by the structure of the individual wires stranded in the outer strands.
- the two tension members 14p The shell of this embodiment of the suspension element is designed such that a groove 13 2p or a depression results in the area between the two Anlagentragern on both broad sides of the suspension element
- the groove 15p of the traction sheave 4 1p has a flat or flat groove bottom 15 1 p over a region R of the groove bottom, which corresponds to the groove 13 2p of the support means, a pressure between groove bottom 15 1 p and support means 12p is correspondingly small
- the support means shown 12p has a defined width B, and in the illustrated example, the proportion (R / B) of the non-pressing region R is about 30%
- FIG. 6P shows a combination of the embodiments according to FIG. 4P and the tensile carrier arrangement according to FIG. 5P.
- the special configuration of the groove 13 2p allows the jacket material 13 of the suspension element 12p to slightly deform according to the effective groove width and shape and the actual shape of the groove adjust
- FIG. 7P shows a further embodiment of the suspension element 12p which is received in a groove 15p with a flat groove bottom 151p.
- the groove 132p or a channel is arranged in this embodiment of the suspension element 12p close to the outer surface 13p of the suspension element 12p Nevertheless, the support means pressing is concentrated in the areas of Wertrager 14 p and a center region R of the support means 12 p remains relieved of pressure
- FIG. 8P shows a further embodiment of the groove 15p with a planar groove bottom 151p for receiving the suspension element 12p.
- the guide region 15p is widened in the direction of the inlet region 15p such that an air gap 19p exists between the guide region 15p and the unloaded suspension element 12p is advantageously realized in that a Fuhrungs Societysradius RR of Fuhrungs Societys 15 3p is greater than a Tragstoffradius RT of the unloaded suspension element 12p
- the sheath material of the support means 12p may also be chosen slightly softer or more flexible in such a groove shape, so that it is slightly deformed under load Tendency of the Mantelmate ⁇ ais to deform under operating conditions, depends greatly on its composition and the resulting properties.
- the change in shape under load is the result of a tensile stress, which arises for example by a hanging on the suspension means cabin load, and a bending stress, which results from the folding of the support means to the traction sheave 4.1p.
- the widening of the guide region 15.3p now causes the suspension element 12p to assume a shape corresponding to its properties under load without restricting transverse boundaries.
- the guide region radius RR or the widened guide region 15.3p is advantageously designed in such a way that the support means 12p can ovalize under a normally expected loading force in such a way that it deflects over the guide region radius RR or the widened guide region 15.3p essentially resembles.
- the normally expected loading force usually correlates with a normal operating state of the elevator installation or an operating condition under maximum load.
- the suspension element according to the invention is advantageously configured in such a way that it ovalizes during the revolution about the traction sheave 4.1 p or deforms in a natural manner, as shown in FIG. 8P by the dashed line 12.
- the suspension element 12p is thus not hindered in the transverse contraction, which reduces lateral wear. Nevertheless, due to the shape of the guide region, centering of the suspension element in the groove 15p is provided.
- Fig. 9P schematically shows a drive usable in an elevator of Fig. 1P.
- a motor 2p drives a traction sheave 4.1p, which in the example illustrated is integrated directly into a shaft of the drive or of the motor 2p.
- the traction sheave 4.1 p has a plurality of grooves 15p, in which grooves 15p each a support means 12p is placed.
- the groove bottom 15.1 p is in each case flat, and transitions by means of radius into the lateral inlet regions 15.2p.
- the outer boundary of the groove 15p approximately corresponds to the outer shape of the suspension element in this region and serves as a guide region 15.3p.
- the number of required grooves or support means depends on the load capacity of the individual support means and the weight of the car or the counterweight.
- the support means 12p of the embodiments according to FIGS. 2P to 6P can also be provided with grooves 13.2p or channels lying close to the outer surface 13.1p of the support means 12p, and the outer contours of the support means 12p can be changed by a person skilled in the art.
- they can also be oval, ribbed or corrugated, or symmetrical as well as asymmetrical outer surfaces 13. 1 p or sheaths can be used.
- the ovalized groove shape according to FIG. 8P can also be applied to other outer contours.
- an elevator installation comprises an elevator cage with at least two deflection rollers arranged on a common axis, which are looped around by at least one suspension element which carries the elevator cage. Between the two deflection rollers, a load measuring transducer is arranged on the common axis, which can detect a force acting on the common axis simply and inexpensively. The force acting on the common axis represents changes in a cabin charge very well. Such an arrangement of the load measuring transducer can be easily integrated into an elevator installation.
- a single load measuring transducer is arranged centrally between the two deflection rollers on their common axis, and the load measuring transducer measures a bending deformation of this common axle.
- the central arrangement allows a very accurate measurement, with a different load distribution on the two-sided pulleys practically does not affect the measurement result. This means that accurate measurements are possible even with unbalanced load distribution with just one load sensor.
- the bending deformation of the common axis can be easily measured, since it is an easily determinable load case - bending beam on two supports - is.
- the common axis is cut out in the central area, with a substantially symmetrical aligned to the longitudinal axis of the common axis, rectangular cross-section remains aligned and this cross-section is such that caused by the wrapping of the pulleys by means of the at least one support means resulting deflection roller force causes an adequate bending deformation.
- An adequate bending deformation here is a deformation which is well tuned to a measuring range of the load measuring transducer and takes into account the material properties such as permissible stress, etc. of the common axis.
- the common axis consists of two outer axle sections, which are firmly connected to one another by a connecting part, wherein this connecting part is again shaped and aligned in such a way that a resultant deflection roller force caused by the wrapping of the deflection rollers by means of the at least one suspension element causes an adequate bending deformation.
- the common axle is attached at its two-sided ends, substantially bending elastic to the car, wherein at least one of the ends has a positioning aid, which allows aligning the common axis to the resulting Umlenkrollenkraft.
- the two deflection rollers and the common axis are already assembled in a production plant to form a deflection roller unit.
- the Umlenkrollenticianen can also be already installed or installed in the factory to a structure of the cabin.
- the elevator installation comprises two deflection roller units which, for example, are each looped at 90 ° from the at least one suspension element, in which case at least one of the deflection roller units includes a load measuring transducer. This is inexpensive.
- the load measuring sensor includes a load measuring computer or is connected signal-transmitting with a load measuring computer.
- the load calculator is programmed so that it can determine an effective load using a load characteristic of the load sensor. This is advantageous because characteristics of a load transducer are known are or can be easily determined and the Lastr ⁇ essrechner therefore ieichi with the characteristics of several load sensors can be equipped. Thus, several load sensors can be easily connected to each other, and the data of interest can be determined by a central load measuring computer.
- the load measuring computer can also easily carry out a check of the load measuring transducer, for example by using an empty weight of the elevator car as the test variable.
- the load measuring computer determines the effective load in defined short time intervals and an elevator control gives the last measuring signal for determining a starting torque to the elevator drive further. This allows the determination of a precise starting torque whereby a starting pressure is largely avoided.
- the elevator control can block a Wegfahrtkommando when an overload is detected.
- the effective payload from a time when the elevator car can be left and entered - for example, when the car door has released a passage of 0.4m - until the time when the elevator car can not be entered or left - Cabin door is practically too - permanently, for example, every 500ms, is measured.
- the drive continuously has the information with which drive torque he would have to drive at the moment and on the other hand, an overload can be detected early. In this way it is possible, for example, to activate a warning signal even before reaching an overload or, in some cases, even to close the car door.
- the load measuring computer determines the effective payload at defined time intervals during the period over which access to the elevator car is possible - ie when the car door is open. If the determined magnitude no longer changes, the load measuring computer, which is signal-connected with an elevator control, transmits the effective payload and advantageously a signal for closing the car door to the elevator control.
- the elevator control transmits the signal for closing the car door to the corresponding drive motor for the car door and a signal corresponding to a starting torque determined from the last measuring signal of the load pick-up to the elevator drive. Due to the exact cabin load included Payload matched Anfa' ⁇ rmomentes here is a start of the elevator car without starting pressure possible.
- the load transducer is a digital sensor as described, for example, in EP1044356.
- the digital sensor changes its oscillation frequency due to its load-which results, for example, from an elongation of an outer traction fiber of the common axis.
- This oscillation frequency is counted by a computer over a fixed measuring period of, for example, 250 ms.
- the oscillation frequency of the digital sensor is thus a measure of the load or the payload in the elevator car.
- the characteristic of the digital sensor is learned during an initialization of the elevator installation, for example by determining the oscillation frequency of the digital sensor when the car is empty and at a known test load. Thereafter, an associated payload can be calculated from each further oscillation frequency.
- FIGS. 1AV and 1GV A first possible overall arrangement of an elevator installation is shown in FIGS. 1AV and 1GV.
- the elevator installation 1v is installed in the example shown in a shaft 2v. It essentially comprises a car 3v, which is connected by means of suspension 7v to a drive 8v and further to a counterweight 6v. By means of the drive 8v, the car 3v is moved along a car lane. Cabin 3v and counterweight 6v each move in opposite directions.
- the support means 7v are connected via pulleys 9v, by means of a multiple suspension with the car 3v and with the counterweight 6v.
- Two support means 7v are spaced from each other and axially symmetrical to a caretaker central axis shown 4v of the car 3v performed in the shaft 2v and two Umlenkrollenticianen 10v, including two pulleys 9v, performed below the car 3v.
- the pulleys 9v of the car 3v are respectively looped to 90 °.
- an elevator system according to the invention may have the following characteristic properties:
- the load-bearing capacity acting in the support means 7v is reduced in accordance with a transfer factor, in the example shown corresponding to a transfer factor of two.
- the illustrated cabin 3v is in a loading zone, i. a cabin door 5v is open and access to the cabin 3v is accordingly free.
- One of the diverting pulley units 10v of the car 3v is provided with a digital load measuring transducer 17v, which measures a variable which varies as a result of the load at defined time intervals and whose signal resulting from the measurements is transmitted continuously to a load measuring computer 19v during the loading process.
- the load measuring computer 19v carries out the required evaluation and forwards the calculated signals, or a calculated effective payload, to an elevator controller 20v.
- the elevator control 2Ov forwards the effectively measured payload to the drive 8v, which can provide a corresponding starting torque, or the elevator control 2Ov initializes necessary measures when an overload is detected.
- load measuring computer 19v The transmission of signals from the load measuring computer 19v to the elevator control 2Ov via known transmission paths such as suspension cable, bus system or wireless.
- load measuring computer 19v and elevator control 2Ov are separate units. Of course, these assemblies can be merged arbitrarily, so the load measuring computer 19v may be integrated in the Umlenkrollentician 10v or it may be integrated in the elevator control 2Ov and the elevator control 2OV in turn can at the cabin 3v or arranged in a machine room or it can also be integrated in the drive ⁇ v.
- FIGS. 2AV and 2GV Another overall arrangement of the elevator installation, which is also designed with a suspension factor of two, is shown in FIGS. 2AV and 2GV.
- only one deflection roller unit 10 is provided, and which is arranged centrally above the car 3v.
- the deflection rollers 9v of the car 3v are looped by the suspension 7v to 180 °, i. the support means 7v runs from above to the pulley unit 10v, is deflected by 180 ° and runs away again upwards.
- the load measuring transducer 17v is attached or installed on or in the cabin-side deflection roller unit 10v.
- FIGS. 1AV and 1GV In contrast to the figures 1 V, the car door 5v is shown closed in Figures 2V closed. In this state, the load measuring computer 19v is inactive, since no exchange of payload is possible. Of course, on a case by case basis, the load measuring computer 19v could be permanently activated, if, for example, data are to be collected for conclusions from acceleration processes or disturbances in the driving sequence.
- FIG. 3V shows a possible deflection roller unit 10v, as it can be used in an elevator installation 1v according to FIGS. 1AV, 1GV, 2AV, 2GV.
- the deflection roller unit 10v comprises a common axis 11v with two deflecting rollers 9v rotatably mounted in the region of the outer ends 15v of the axle 11v.
- the common axis 11v is connected in the example shown by means of carrier 18v with the car 3v.
- the axis 11 v is in this case rotatably attached to the carriers 18v.
- the beams 18v are made of molded sheet steel in this example, and define for each of the ends 15v of the common axis 11v a bearing location where the shaft 11v is held approximately free of bending or bending elasticity. This attachment continues to be such that the free rotation of the pulleys 9v is guaranteed.
- the two deflection rollers 9v have a distance from one another, which, for example, allows the arrangement of cabin guides 4v in the area between the two deflection rollers, as shown in FIG. 1GV.
- the load measuring transducer 17v is arranged, so that the deflection rollers 9v and the attachment by means of the carriers 18v are substantially symmetrical to this center.
- the common axis 11 v is reduced in its central region in cross-section or cut, as this is shown in Fig. 3AV. This leaves a rectangular cross-section 14v aligned substantially symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the common axis 11v (cf., FIGS. 3V and 3AV).
- This cross section 14v is designed in such a way that a bending deformation of the common axis 11 is effected by the looping of the deflection rollers 9v through the suspension means 7v and the deflection roller forces 23v resulting therefrom.
- the suspension elements 7v are carried out below the cabin 3v. It follows that the individual deflection roller unit 10v is looped around as shown in FIGS. 3AV and 3BV at an angle of 90 °. The resulting deflection roller force 23v results from the vector addition of suspension element forces 22v approximately at an angle of 45 ° to these and is shown by the arrow 23v.
- the rectangular cross section 14v is oriented perpendicular to the direction of the resultant deflection roller force 23v to give optimum bending deformation.
- the rectangular cross section 14v or cutout is selected such that the load measuring transducer 17v undergoes a change in length of approximately 0.2 mm over the expected load or payload area.
- the load range results from the difference between empty and fully loaded cab 3v.
- one end 15v of the common axle 11v may be provided with a positioning aid 16v which allows for a trouble-free alignment of the common axle 11v with the beams 18v and further with the car 3v.
- the end 15v of the common axis 11v is designed such that it can cooperate and fasten positively only in the desired position with a corresponding recess 16v of the carrier Fig.
- 3CV shows in a perspective view the arrangement of the load measuring transducer 17v, as he in Fig.3V is described.
- the load transducer 17v is connected, usually with the aid of a cable to the load measuring computer 19v.
- the load measuring computer 19v is arranged on the car 3v. In many cases, it is possible to arrange the load measuring computer 19v together with the load measuring transducer 17v on the axle 11 or even to integrate it into the load measuring transducer.
- Fig. 4V shows an alternative embodiment of the pulley unit 10v.
- the common axis 1 1v is divided into two outer axle sections 12 v, which form the receptacle for the deflection rollers 9 and at the same time enable connection to the carrier 18 v.
- the two outer axle sections 12v are joined together via a connecting part 13v to the complete, common axle 11v.
- the connection part 13v includes the load transducer 17v, and again it is shaped to give the optimum loading or bending conditions for the load transducer 17v.
- the connecting portions of the axle portions 12v to the connecting portion 13v and to the carrier 18v are designed such that an alignment of the common axle 11v according to a loading direction is inevitable.
- the symmetrical arrangement of the load measuring transducer 17v in the middle between the two guide rollers 9v gives the advantage, as shown in Fig. ⁇ V that an asymmetrical distribution of supportive forces on the two support means 7v has no significant effect on a measurement error in the load transducer 17v
- a normal load distribution between two suspension elements 7.1v, 7.2v results in a bending moment curve M N in the common axis 11, which essentially has a constant value between the two pulleys 9.1v, 9.2v.
- the load measuring transducer 17v which is arranged in the middle between the two deflection rollers 9.1v, 9.2v detects a bending deformation value, which results according to a bending stress M NM .
- Fig. 6V shows a measuring operation in the operation of the elevator system.
- the elevator car 3v approaches an stopping point at an operating speed V K of 100% and decelerates to a standstill.
- the elevator controller initializes an opening of the car door 5v.
- the car door 5v begins to open and passes through a corresponding opening path S KT , where it gives access to the car 3v free.
- a minimum opening path for example, 30%, or a minimum passage opening of
- the load measurement is started or the load measurement computer 19v is switched on.
- the load measurement supplies in time intervals t M a signal corresponding to the effective load L ⁇ to the elevator control 2Ov.
- the elevator control can now recognize, as shown in the example, an 80% payload and can stop a further loading by means of a warning buzzer or an information display "car full" (not shown) and initialize a closure of the car door 5v.
- the load measuring computer 19v stops the evaluation of the load measuring signal, and the elevator control 2Ov uses the last measured value L KE for the determination the starting torque of the elevator drive.
- L KE the last measured value
- the controller can provide that other criteria are defined for special operations. For example, in emergency mode such as a fire alarm, a higher overload limit could be allowed.
- the elevator controller shown can further evaluate the signal of the load measuring computer, for example by defining the time of a warning signal as a function of a loading speed.
- a corresponding deflecting roller unit with load measuring transducer can also be arranged, for example, in the shaft or in the drive.
- the elevator expert can arbitrarily change the set shapes and arrangements and combine the elements of the elevator systems according to the invention disclosed in this document.
- these helical, d h. in the form of a helical line are wound on a rope drum whose length from the head of the Aufzugsa ⁇ iage is dependent.
- a worm gear For drive machines 14 of elevator systems, a worm gear is often used.
- the worm gear can transmit high power at high ratios and is characterized by compact design and quiet running. With the same center distance, the translations can be varied over a wide range, so that a machine type can be used for lifts of various services.
- the drive unit for an elevator consists of end shields, a motor, a traction sheave and a brake, wherein a shaft carrying the rotor of the motor and the traction sheave is supported by the endshields and the motor and the traction sheave are arranged between the end shields and a drive frame is provided, which consists of the end shields and the end shields connecting frame elements, wherein the frame elements carry the stator of the motor and transmit the forces on the end shields.
- a drive frame which consists of the end shields and the end shields connecting frame elements, wherein the frame elements carry the stator of the motor and transmit the forces on the end shields.
- FIG. 1G1 shows a drive unit 1g1 according to the invention with drive frame 2g1.
- the drive frame 2g1 spanning a cuboid consists of a first end shield 3g1 and a second end shield 4g1 and frame elements 5g1 connecting the end shields 3g1, 4g1, one frame element 5g1 being provided for each longitudinal edge of the cuboid.
- Further frame elements 5g1 can be provided between and parallel to the frame elements 5g 1 shown.
- the cuboid may also have only one on two diagonally opposite longitudinal edges or two lying on a QuaderlCode or each arranged on two opposite QuaderlFigs demand frame elements 5g1.
- the frame members 5g1 also serve as supports for parts of a motor 6g1 and / or a transmission, for example, an electric motor with rotor 7g1 and stator 8g1.
- a hydraulic motor or a pneumatic motor can be provided.
- a hood 9g1 covers the stator 8g1.
- the rotor 7g1 is arranged on a so-called drive shaft, referred to below as wave 10g1, and drives it.
- Shaft 10g1 and end shields 3g1, 4g1 are perpendicular to each other.
- the stator 8g1 is supported by the frame members 5g1 which transmit the forces to the bearing plates 3g1, 4g1.
- a first bearing 11g1 supports one end of the shaft 10g1 on the first end shield 3g1, and a second bearing 12g1 supports the other end of the shaft 10g1 on the second end shield 4g1.
- the shaft 10g1 is formed between the first end shield 3g1 and the motor 6g1 as a traction sheave 13g1 for at least one support element shown at this point in this document and formed between the second end shield 4g1 and the motor 6g1 as a traction sheave 13g1 for at least one suspension element.
- a first brake disk 14g1 is provided on the shaft 10g1, which is braked by means of a first brake unit 15g1 arranged on the first bearing plate 3g1.
- a second brake disk 16g1 is provided on the shaft 10g1, which is braked by means of a second brake unit 17g1 arranged on the second bearing plate 4g1.
- Each end shield 3g1, 4g1 is provided with shield legs 18g1 on which vibration absorbers 19g1 are arranged.
- the vibration dampers 19g1 isolate the drive unit 1g1 in terms of vibration with respect to a support structure, not shown.
- Ag1 denotes a sectional plane which is laid through the center of the shaft 10g1. The sectional image of the drive unit 1g1 generated thereby is shown in FIG. 2G1.
- FIG. 2G1 shows a section through the symmetrical drive unit 1g1 according to the invention.
- the motor 6g 1 is preferably arranged centrally between the end shields 3g1, 4g1.
- the motor 6g1 can also be arranged slightly displaced from the middle.
- the diameter Dg1 of the shaft is largely constant over the entire wavelength. However, the diameter Dg1 may deviate from the diameter in the rotor area in the traction sheave area.
- fine grooves 20g1 spaced apart from one another on the shaft 10g1 are provided which receive corresponding longitudinal ribs of a suspension element described elsewhere in this document.
- On either side of the associated grooves of a traction sheave or on both sides of the grooves of a single support means receiving traction sheave section can each be provided a flanged disc, which prevents the support means significantly from his target position on the traction sheave section.
- the diameter Dg of a traction sheave section may be selected, for example, between 60 mm and 1200 mm.
- the shaft 10g1 and the traction sheaves 13g1 are preferably made in one piece.
- the traction sheave 13g1 can alternatively be placed on the shaft 10g1 as a separate component.
- the minimum diameter Dg1 is predetermined by the type of the suspension element.
- the rotor 7g1 driving the shaft 10g1 can be designed as a synchronous rotor with permanent magnets or as a squirrel-cage rotor or as an asynchronous rotor. Between the rotor 7g1 and the stator 8g1, an air gap 21g1 is provided.
- the stator 8g1 carried by the frame members 5g1 has windings 22g1 inserted in grooves, which are covered by the hoods 9g1.
- a brake disk 14g1, 16g1 is provided at each shaft end, to which a brake unit 15g 1, 17g 1 acts in the event of braking.
- the brake unit 15g1, 17g1 consists essentially of a floating on the bearing plate 3g1, 4g1 arranged brake magnet 23g1, 25g1 of the current loads a brake armature 24g1, 26g1 operated and counteracts brake springs, not shown, and releases the brake.
- the compact drive unit IgI is suitable for arrangement in a separate machine room or in the elevator shaft and has 2x2 support means in the form of flat belts with 30 mm width, for example, a length L of 750 mm, a height H of 500 mm and a width B of 400 mm. Larger or smaller dimensions are of course possible.
- the drive unit is easily adaptable to the elevator disposition and the Tragstoffdisposition:
- the term “2x1 support means” is to be understood that between the motor and a first bearing plate a first support means and between the motor and a second bearing plate, a second support means are guided over the shaft or traction sheave sections, "n” therefore means the number of shaft sections with traction sheaves and "m” the number of traction sheaves per shaft section.
- the suspension means are the belts or ropes described elsewhere in this document.
- 3G1 shows the drive unit 1g1 according to the invention with brake disks 14g1, 16g1 arranged outside the end shields 3g1, 4g1 and at least two brake units 15g1, 17g1 per brake disk.
- the shaft 10g1 is extended beyond the end shields 3g1, 4g1, and the projecting stub shafts 27g1 support the brake disks 14g1, 16g1.
- Each brake disk 14g1, 16g1 is provided with the brake unit 15g 1, 17g 1 at least twice, with a plate 28g1 connecting and stabilizing the two brake magnets 23g1, 25g1.
- Current-loaded brake magnets 23g1, 25g1 counteract brake springs, not shown, and release the brake, wherein the brake discs 14g1, 16g1 are each moved in the axial direction.
- the brake disk 14g1, 16g1 is pressed against the bearing plate 3g1, 4g1 by means of the brake springs. With the outside of the end plates 3g1, 4g1 arranged brake discs 14g1, 16g1 remains between the bearing plate 3g1, 4g1 and the motor 6g 1 more space for the two traction sheaves 13g1.
- the frame elements 5g1 carry the stator 8g1, wherein the stator 8g1 according to the invention has a weight of about 120 kg. It is thereby provided that the frame elements 5g1 transmit the torque generated by the motor 6g1, for example a starting torque of 950 Nm, to the bearing plates 3g1, 4g1 and withstand a braking torque of, for example, 1200 Nm.
- the drive frame 2g1 twists only minimally so that the Size of the air gap 2IgI between stator Sgl and rotor 7g1 is not changed inadmissible.
- FIGS. 4G1 and 5G1 show a further asymmetrical drive unit 1g1 according to the invention with a drive frame 2g1.
- the motor 6g1 is disposed at one end on one end shield 3g1, 4g1 and at the other end on the frame members 5g1. Between the motor 6g1 and the other bearing plate 3g1, 4g1, a traction sheave 13g1 for 1x4 suspension means is provided.
- the brake disk 15g1, 16g1 is arranged outside, the brake disk 15g1, 16g1 being movable in the axial direction and having a brake lining 30g1 on both sides.
- AAgI denotes a sectional plane which is set at right angles to the shaft 10g1 through the center of the motor 6g1.
- the sectional image of the drive unit 1g1 generated thereby is shown in FIG. 7G1.
- Fig. 7G1 shows a section through the motor 6g1 and through the frame members 5g1.
- the laminated core 31g1 of the stator 8g1 has at the corners over the length of the motor 6g1 round recesses 32g1, fit into the tubular frame members 5g1. Further inside and parallel to the recesses 32g1 are provided grooves 33g1 into which threaded flat iron 34g1 fits.
- the tubular frame members 5g1 are connected to the stator 8g1 by means of screws 35g1, for example, with the screws 35g1 engaging with the threads of the flat irons 34g1 inserted in the grooves 33g1.
- the tubular frame members 5g1 can be glued or pressed into the recesses 32g 1 or be welded to the laminated core 31 gl. A combination of at least two of the mentioned types of connection is also possible.
- FIG. 8G1 shows the symmetrical drive unit 1g1 according to the invention in an exploded view.
- Each frame element 5g1 consists of three parts, the middle part 5.1g1 being connected to the laminated core 31g1.
- the outer parts 5.2g1, 5.3g1 serve as spacers between the motor 6g1 and the respective endshield 3g1, 4g1, wherein further, the outer parts 5.2g1.5.3g1 penetrating screws 36g1 the Connect end shield 3g1, 4g1 to middle part 5.1g1.
- the frame member 5g1 may also be integral.
- the proposed construction can also be used in drives with gear.
- the drive unit is mounted statically determined with drive frame and is particularly stable executable and suitable for the arrangement in the engine room or in the elevator shaft.
- a large power range can be covered.
- Drive sizes outside of this power range can be easily realized by changing a few parameters, dimensions and dimensions with the same type of construction.
- the stator as well as the rotor can be made larger or smaller in length and / or width and / or height.
- the respective brake disc and the associated brake can be arranged inside or outside of the respective end shield.
- the drive shaft (drive shaft), which preferably also serves as the traction sheave, can be easily changed in diameter depending on the necessity of the suspension element.
- the drive unit for the described elsewhere in this document different suspension means, according to the invention in particular for round or non-circular steel cables, round or non-round toysst off sheathed steel cables, round or non-round Aramidseile or belts are used with inserted steel or synthetic fiber tension elements.
- the motor described above with the preferred traction sheave or drive shaft can also be provided in the elevator systems described elsewhere in this document.
- a motor 16 is also provided, the torque of which can be adjusted during manufacture by changing the stator and / or rotor winding and / or changing the length of its drive shaft and / or changing its current supply and / or changing its diameter .
- a shaft portion is selectable in its diameter. Since each type of suspension element requires its own (minimum) drive pulley diameter or shaft diameter, the motor 16 according to the invention is adapted to the respective one according to said variable parameters Support center! a ⁇ passbar. Sornii results in a series of principally designed motors which differ only in one to four basic parameters in order to be adaptable in particular to different types of suspension elements or type-identical suspension elements with different dimensions.
- the motor described above can also be provided in the elevator systems described elsewhere in this document.
- several basically identical motors can be used to operate a single elevator system (possibly comprising several cabins in one shaft), as is also described in detail elsewhere by way of example in this document.
- several motors according to the invention can be interconnected by means of one or more clutches or coupled to a common drive shaft or drive shaft.
- FIGS. 1G2, 2G2, 3G2 and 4G2 As a further drive unit according to the invention, analogously or alternatively to the drive machine 14 with motor 16, traction sheave 26 and brake, a drive unit according to FIGS. 1G2, 2G2, 3G2 and 4G2 is provided.
- an elevator or elevator system with a lift cage movable in an elevator shaft and a counterweight movable in the elevator shaft, supporting means connect the elevator cage and the counterweight, wherein a drive unit drives the suspension elements and at least one spring element acting as force accumulator is provided on the drive unit the drive unit is lifted when the support means is relieved and at least one sensor is provided which detects the increase in the drive unit and shuts off the motor of the drive unit.
- a drive unit drives the suspension elements and at least one spring element acting as force accumulator is provided on the drive unit the drive unit is lifted when the support means is relieved and at least one sensor is provided which detects the increase in the drive unit and shuts off the motor of the drive unit.
- the suspension means described elsewhere in this document are usable within the scope of the apparatus described below.
- FIG. 1G2 shows an elevator 1g2 with an elevator car 3g2 which can be moved in an elevator shaft 2g2.
- the elevator shaft 2g2 is bounded by shaft walls 4g2, a shaft pit 5g2 and a shaft ceiling 6g2.
- Carrying means 7g2 carry and connect the elevator car 3g2 with a counterweight 8g2 movable in the elevator shaft 2g2.
- the counterweight is movable in a separate bay, and / or the cabin is arranged to be movable in a housing which is open at least on one side or provided with a glass wall.
- a drive unit 9g2 supported in a machine room 13g2 (or alternatively above a support structure within the elevator shaft) on spring elements 22g2 acting as a force accumulator drives the elevator car 3g2 and the counterweight 8g2, the spring elements 22g2 resting on a structural body 27g2 (or the supporting structure).
- the drive unit 9g2 can also be arranged on the spring elements 22g2 bearing sockets of the building 27g2.
- the drive unit 9g2 consists of a motor unit 14g2 with or without transmission and of a deflection unit 17g2, wherein the two units 14,17g2 are connected by means of spacers 23g2.
- the drive unit 9g2 has a length L between 500 mm and 950 mm, a height H of 360 mm and a width B of 625 mm. Larger or smaller dimensions are of course possible.
- At least one steel cable or at least one synthetic fiber rope or at least one flat belt or at least one toothed belt or at least one longitudinal ribbed belt or at least one V-ribbed belt is provided as the carrying means 7g2. Further details of suitable suspension means are described elsewhere in this document.
- the support means 7g2 is fastened at one end to a first suspension element fixed point 10g2, then guided over a first deflection roller 11g2 of the elevator car 3g2, then passed over a traction sheave 12g2 of the motor unit 14g2, then passed over a deflection roller 15g2 of the motor unit 14g2, then via a second deflection roller 16g2 Deflection unit 17g2, then guided over a third deflection roller 18g2 of the counterweight 8g2 and at the other end fastened to a second suspension point 19g2.
- the support means guidance shown has a 2: 1 ratio at which the elevator car 3g2 or the counterweight 8g2 vertically moved half a meter, if a meter support is moved to the traction sheave 12g2 center I 7g2
- Other gear ratios in particular a. 1: 1
- a first buffer 20g2 for the elevator car 3g2 and a second buffer 21g2 for the counterweight 8g2 are provided in the shaft pit 5g2.
- FIG. 2G2 shows an arrangement variant of the drive unit 9g2 which is preferred according to the invention and which can also be used in conjunction with the elevator systems described elsewhere in this document.
- the drive unit 9g2 is at the Shaft cover 6g2 perennialha ⁇ gi, with Tragboizen 24g2 mi ⁇ eis nuts 25g2 on spring elements 22g2 protrude
- the spring elements 22g2 in turn are supported on plates 26g2, which rest on Baukorper 27g2
- 3G2 shows the drive unit 9g2 with a monitoring device 28g2 according to the invention for monitoring an undesired or unauthorized lifting of the elevator car 3g2.
- the motor unit 14g2 of the drive unit 9g2 consists of a motor 30g2 which, by means of belt pulley 31g2, consists of pulley 32g2 and (Transm ⁇ ss ⁇ ons) -rubber 33g2 Traction sheave 12g2 drives
- the monitoring device 28g2 consists of at least one spring element 22g2 acting as an energy accumulator and at least one sensor 29g2, which detects a change in distance or a spatial increase and / or reduction of the drive unit 9g2
- FIG. 4G2 shows an embodiment variant of the deflection unit 17g2 with the monitoring device 28g2 according to the invention.
- the second deflection roller 16g2 is surrounded and supported by a housing 34g2.
- a bracket 35g2 and the housing 34g2 are provided at least two compression springs 36g2 acting as spring elements 22g2 and as force accumulators Supporting means 7g2, two belts are provided, which carry the counterweight 8g2 Depending on the load or relief of the support means 7g2 or depending on the support medium springs the compression springs 36g2 more or less a
- the springs 36g2 are the strongest springs, or the distance Ag2 between housing 34g2 and console 35g2 is the smallest If the carrier load becomes smaller, the compression springs 36g2 spring out or the distance Ag2 increases or the deflection unit 17g2 is lifted If, for example, the counterweight 8g2 on the second buffer 21g2, the compression springs 36g2 fully spring back, resp the abs The maximum deflection or the minimum distance Ag
- the change in the distance Ag2 can be monitored by means of the sensor 29g2 arranged on the side of the housing 34g2.
- an electromechanical limit switch is provided which is set to the maximum deflection of the compression springs 36g2 and which changes its switching state at a rebound of 8 mm, for example the switching contact is switched into the safety circuit of the elevator If the compression springs 36g2 spring down or the housing 34g2 is lifted, the motor 30g2 of the drive unit 9g2 is thus switched off via a safety circuit.
- an inductive proximity switch can be provided, which is set to the (maximum) deflection of the compression springs 36g2.
- the sensor preferably changes its switching state during a rebound and interrupts the safety circuit in the event of a deviation from a predetermined desired state of the sensor.
- the desired state of the sensor correlates with a desired position of the housing and / or a desired state of the spring (s).
- one or more (electrical) threshold values can be defined and deposited in terms of amount in an elevator control in order to define the desired state of the sensor.
- the motor 30g2 of the drive unit 9g2 is switched off or throttled in terms of power / speed.
- At least one optical sensor is provided which monitors the position of the housing 34g2.
- a mechanical / electrical switch is provided which emits a control signal at a predetermined deviation of the housing from its desired position and / or interrupts a measuring current.
- the compression springs 36g2 are arranged between housing 34g2 and console 35g2.
- at least one compression spring 36g2, preferably two or four compression springs may be arranged on each side of the housing 34g2, wherein the compression spring 36g2 is supported at one end on a boom 34g2 disposed on the housing and at the other end on the bracket 35g2.
- the change in the distance Ag2 can be monitored by means of the sensor 29g2 arranged on the side of the housing 34g2. Again, u.a. the aforementioned sensors for monitoring the housing position and / or for monitoring the spring state providable.
- a monitoring device 28g2 can also be provided in the motor unit 14g2, which detects a bearing of the elevator car 3g2.
- a monitoring device 28g2 which, for example, detects the movement of the support pin 24g2 relative to the plate 26g2, wherein the spring element 22g2 is designed as a compression spring.
- the inventive monitoring device 28g2 is for any type of drive unit, in particular for all drive units described in this document usable.
- the total compressive force TSF for both compression springs 36g2 of the deflection unit 17g2 is calculated as follows:
- TSF (WDP + (NTM WTM LTM)) g [1]
- WDP weight of the drive unit 9g2 on the side of the deflection unit 17g2, according to the invention this is between 40 kg and 100 kg;
- WTM weight of the suspension 7g2 [in kilograms per meter], according to the invention this is between 0.1 kg / m and 0.5 kg / m;
- NTM number of support means 7g2, according to the invention are provided two to twenty, in particular four to eighteen individual support means
- LTM maximum length of the suspension 7g2, for example 60 m;
- the advantages achieved by the invention are on the one hand to be seen in that in particular modernizations of elevator systems are simplified.
- the drive unit is easily replaceable.
- a safety device for monitoring the suspension element according to the invention for flaccidity or unauthorized lifting of the elevator car or the counterweight can be advantageously used: If the counterweight gets stuck in the shaft or bumps onto the buffer arranged in the shaft pit, the counterweight-side suspension element becomes loose or limp. The traction of the suspension element on the traction sheave can nevertheless be sufficient for the drive unit to be able to lift the empty or only slightly loaded elevator cage.
- the risk of lifting the elevator car or the counterweight exists in particular when serving as a support means Straps or artificial tannery with grippy surfaces could cause dangerous situations in which the traction was insufficient and the elevator car fell back or crashed. In the reverse direction, counterweight lifting is also undesirable According to the European standard EN 81-1 paragraph It should also be avoided in the context of the present invention that an empty elevator car is lifted by a drive device when the counterweight rests on the buffers
- FIG. 3 shows first schematically the basic construction of a belt-type suspension element 20 for an elevator installation
- a plurality of tensile carriers in particular a plurality of rope-like tensile carriers 42, are embedded in a belt-like shaped body (belt body) 44.
- Cable-like tensile carriers 42 in the context of the present invention are, in particular, cables, Strands, cords or braids of Metaüdrähten, steel, plastic fibers, mineral fibers, glass fibers, carbon fiber and / or ceramic fibers usable.
- the rope-like tension members 42 can each be formed from one or more single elements or from single or multiple stranded elements. Other variants and possibilities for dimensioning and designing the tension members are described elsewhere in this document.
- each tension member 42 comprises a two-ply core strand with a core wire (eg, 0.19 mm diameter) and two wire layers (eg, 0.17 mm diameter) wound around it and single-layer outer strands arranged around the core strand with a core wire (eg 0 , 17 mm diameter) and a beaten around this wire layer (eg 0.155 mm diameter).
- a core wire eg, 0.19 mm diameter
- two wire layers eg, 0.17 mm diameter
- single-layer outer strands arranged around the core strand with a core wire (eg 0 , 17 mm diameter) and a beaten around this wire layer (eg 0.155 mm diameter).
- Such a Werstalline for example, a core strand with 1 + 6 + 12 steel wires (ie 1 central wire surrounded by a first ring of 6 other wires - first wire layer - and a second ring of 12 other wires - second wire layer) and eight outer strands with 1 + 6 steel wires, has proven in tests to be advantageous in terms of strength, manufacturability and flexibility.
- the two wire layers of the core strand have the same impact angle, while the one wire layer of the outer strands is struck against the direction of impact of the core strand and the outer strands are beaten around the core strand counter to the direction of impact of their own wire layer.
- the present invention is not limited to tension members 42 having this particular tension member structure.
- rope-like tension members 42 (sometimes referred to as cords) with small diameters or thicknesses transverse to the longitudinal extent of the support means 20 makes it possible to use traction sheaves 26 and support disks 30, 34a, 34b with small diameters.
- the diameter of the tension members 42 is preferably in the range of 1 mm to 4 mm.
- the belt body 44 of the suspension element 20 is constructed of a first belt layer 46 of a first plastifiable material and a second belt layer 48 of a second first plastifiable material and has a first outer surface 50 of the first belt layer 46, a connection plane 52 between the first and the second belt layer 46, 48 and a second outer surface 54 of the second belt layer 48.
- the plurality of tension members 42 are embedded in the region of the connecting plane 52 in the two-ply belt body 44.
- the first outer surface 50 of the first belt layer 46 of the belt body 44 engages, for example, the traction surface of the traction sheave 26, while the second outer surface 54 of the second belt layer 48 engages the running surfaces of the counterweight support disk 30 and the two cabin shims 34a, 34b.
- the support means 20 of the invention but also in the reverse manner in a lift system with traction drive can be used, as shown in Fig. 2A and 2B. That is, the first outer surface 50 of the first belt layer 46 of the belt body 44 may also engage the traction surface of the traction sheave 26 while the second outer surface 54 of the second belt layer 48 engages the treads of the counterweight disk 30 and the two car washers 34a, 34b.
- the first material for the first belt layer 46 and the second material for the second belt layer 48 are selected, for example, from an elastomer.
- an elastomer for example, polyurethane (PU), polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene (PE), polychloroprene (CR), polyethersulfone (PES), polyphenylsulfide (PPS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE ), Polyvinylchloride (PVC), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) and the like may be used for the belt layers 46, 48 for forming the molded body 44 of the suspension means, without the invention being restricted to said materials.
- PU polyurethane
- PA polyamide
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PP polypropylene
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate
- PE polyethylene
- PE polychloropre
- first and second belt layers 46, 48 may also be added to the materials for the first and second belt layers 46, 48 to increase the strength of the bond between the belt layers 46, 48 and between the first belt layer 46 and the tension straps 42.
- adhesives may also be added to the materials for the first and second belt layers 46, 48 to increase the strength of the bond between the belt layers 46, 48 and between the first belt layer 46 and the tension straps 42.
- the incorporation of other tissues, tissue fibers or other fillers is possible.
- the first and second belt layers are each formed in an extrusion process.
- the final vulcanization can then take place only after the extrusion process to have a flowable material for the extrusion process.
- the first belt layer 46 and the second belt layer 48 it is possible for the first belt layer 46 and the second belt layer 48 to use the same material with the same properties, in each case the same material with different properties or different materials.
- the properties of the material (s) for the molded body 44 include in particular the hardness, the flowability, the consistency, the connection properties with the cable-like tension members 42, the color and the like.
- At least one of the belt layers 46, 48 may be formed of a transparent material in order to simplify testing of the suspension element 20 for damage.
- the first and / or the second belt layer can be executed in antistatic quality.
- the second belt layer can be designed to be lumi ⁇ esziere ⁇ d to make the rotation of the traction sheave or the drum recognizable or to cause certain optical effects.
- the embedding of the rope-like tension member 42 in the first belt layer 46 causes lubrication of their individual wires in their mutual movement when used in an elevator system.
- the tension members 42 are additionally protected against corrosion and kept exactly in their desired positions.
- the contact surfaces of the belt body 44 which cooperate with the traction sheave 26, i. the first or the second outer surface 50, 54, with so-called (wedge) ribs (not shown in Fig. 3) form.
- the said ribs extend as elongated elevations in the direction of the longitudinal extent of the suspension element 20 and preferably come with correspondingly shaped grooves on the running surface of the traction sheave 26 into engagement.
- the V-ribs with their engagement in the grooves of the traction sheave 26 lateral guidance of the support belt 20 on the traction sheave 26th
- the two outer surfaces 50, 54 of the support belt 20 of the invention over its entire length or only in corresponding sections, in which they come into contact with the driving letter 26 and the various support and deflection pulleys of the elevator installation, be provided with a special surface property , which influences in particular the sliding properties of the support belt 20.
- the traction surface of the traction sheave 26 meshing outer surface 50, 54 of the support belt may be provided with a traction-reducing or a traction-enhancing coating, surface structure or the like.
- the support strap 20 may also be encased in one or both outer surfaces 50, 54 with a fabric or the like in order to influence the properties of the support belt surface. It is in principle possible to provide a plurality of differently shaped carrying straps 20 of the type described in the context of a power transmission arrangement in a different grouping in an elevator installation.
- 1q tensile or steel rope, aramid, etc., comprising a plurality of strands, the strands being made of single fibers or wires.
- 1aq separate sheathing of the individual ropes 1q (possibly transparent or multi-colored or in different colors).
- Dq diameter of a tension member
- 2q Bed - one-piece or multi-layered - made of elastomer, in particular polyurethane (PU), the tensile members or ropes in a circumferential range of 60 ° ⁇ 40 ° to 200 ° ⁇ 40 °, and in particular with 180 ° ⁇ 40 ° and with 200 ° ⁇ 20
- 2aq traction layer (possibly adjusted to friction, possibly with longitudinal grooves);
- 2bq central layer or core layer (matched to fixation, if necessary longitudinally divided);
- 2cq Guide / protective jacket (possibly U-shaped, matched to wear)
- 3q Traction surface cylindrical or concave (possibly serrated, roughened, smooth) or also profiled profiled, in particular corresponding profiled with longitudinal grooves
- 3aq coating or sheathing of the traction sheave or traction surface made of an elastomer, metal, ceramic, natural substance
- 3bq guide rings
- 4q back "
- FIGS. 1aQ to 9aQ show the following: FIG. 1aQ: two ropes 1q bordered on their front side facing the traction surface 3q into a bed 2q in a circumferential area of approximately 200 ° +/- 20 °; Rear 4q "open” or with protective layer; Traction surface 3q cylindrical or convex (possibly serrated, roughened, smooth).
- Figure 1bQ As in Figure 1aO but ropes Iq with separate, eveniueii transparent sheath
- each rope 1q is encased individually 1aq and is at the back in a peripheral region of about 200 ° +/- 40 ° from the bed 2q Fig 2cQ
- the peripheral portion of the bed 2q back around the ropes 1q ca 200 ° +/- 40 °, backside protective layer includes not only the back 4q but also the narrow sides Fig 2dQ
- the back 4q has no protective layer, while the traction surface 3q a coating or sheath 3aq of an elastomer, Metal, ceramics, natural substance shows
- the bed 2q is designed in a multi-layered manner, with the layers extending essentially in the longitudinal direction and width of the suspension element.
- FIG. 3bQ As in FIG. 3aQ, however, the traction surface 3q has lateral guide ring 3aq.
- the bed 2q is in turn multi-layered on the traction surface 3q facing away from the traction surface 3q, the bed 2q has a central layer 2bq (tuned to fixation arranged on the rear side on the central layer 2bq is a Fuhrungs- or protective sheath 2cq, which is tuned to wear, U-form ⁇ g is formed and the ropes 1q, the central position 2bq and the traction layer 2aq surrounds
- ropes 1q have separate sheathing 1aq on FIG. 3dQ
- the "open" back side interacts with a correspondingly contoured guide roller 5q
- the bed 2q comprises the ropes 1q about their median plane in a range of 60 ° ⁇ 40 ° so that the bed 2q centrally and centrally surrounds the ropes 1q (see Figure 4bQ) Front and side Rear side "open", wherein a back interacts with the Tragmittei guide roller 5q adapted to the diameter Dq of the ropes 1q contoured.
- the back can also have a protective layer.
- the traction surface 3q is also contoured and comprises the ropes 1q in a range of 140 ° ⁇ 40 °. It may optionally also have a coating.
- Fig. 4cQ As 4aQ but with "open” back 4q, without rear guide roller 5q and with coating / sheathing 3aq on the adapted profiled traction surface 3q of the traction sheave.
- Figure 4dQ Same as 4cQ but back side 4q and side surfaces of bed 2q with sheathing.
- 4eQ Like 4aQ but ropes 1q with single sheathing 1 aq (possibly transparent, multi-colored, etc.).
- 4fQ Like 4dQ, but single-sheath ropes 1q 1q, and sheath 4q sheath also extends over side faces and front face. The coating / sheathing 3aq of the traction surface 3q is not shown.
- Fig. 5aQ Like Fig. 1aQ, wherein five ropes 1q are provided and the one-piece bed 2q comprises the ropes 1q in a circumferential area of 200 ° + 407-20 °.
- the bed 2q has on its traction-side front ribs and the ribs separating longitudinal grooves.
- the traction surface 3q is correspondingly profiled with longitudinal grooves.
- Fig. 5bQ As 5aQ, but ropes 1q with transparent single jacket 1aq and a one-piece bed 2q, which encloses the ropes 1q in a circumferential range of 200 ° ⁇ 40 °.
- Fig. 5cQ As Fig. 5aQ, but bed 2q is multi-part and encloses the ropes 1q in a peripheral region of 200 ° ⁇ 40 °.
- Fig. ⁇ dQ As 5aQ, but back with a particular transparent protective layer; one-piece bed 2q, encloses the ropes 1q in a circumferential range of 200 ° ⁇ 40 °.
- 5eQ Like 5dQ, but here not four ribs and grooves are associated with two ropes 1q but each two ropes 1q are associated with a ridge.
- Fig. 6aQ Like Fig. 5aQ, with five ropes 1q provided; enclosed in a one-piece bed 2q in a circumferential area of 200 ° ⁇ 40 °; Rear 4q with centrally located guide portion, with a central guide roller 5q cooperates.
- Fig. 6bQ Same as Fig. 6aQ, but back 4q with guide portion (s) (outside)
- Fig. 6cQ As Fig. 6aQ, but rear 4q central guide portion has triangular cross-section and cooperating central guide roller 5q is formed opposite to the guide portion.
- Bed 2q is one-piece or multi-piece.
- Fig. 6dQ As Fig. 6cQ, but guide tube 5q unilaterally engages the guide portion on the back side 4q; Bed 2q is one-piece or can be multi-piece.
- Fig. 7aQ Like 6aQ, but no ribs and grooves on the traction side; Traction surface 3q profiled or roughened; Bed 2q comprises ropes 1q in a circumferential area of 200 ° ⁇ 40 ° and is in one piece.
- Figure 7bQ Like 7aQ but bed 2q is in several parts. Layers extend in the longitudinal direction and in the width; traction-side position is not in contact with ropes 1q, only central layer is in contact with ropes 1q.
- Fig. 7cQ Like 7bQ but traction side layer of the bed 2q has many grooves and ribs; Traction surface 3q strongly profiled or with longitudinal grooves.
- Fig. 8aQ Like 7bQ, but guide roller 5q extends over the entire width of the support means and may optionally have lateral guide rings; Bed 2q is in several parts. It has a longitudinally split core layer 2bq, wherein each longitudinal section has at least one tension member or a cable 1q. On the traction side, a traction layer 2aq is provided, via which the longitudinal sections of the core layer 2bq are connected to one another in the direction of the width. The traction surface 3q has lateral guide rings 3bq.
- Figure 8bQ Like 8aQ but rear 4q "open” except for a centered guide section; rear guide roller 5q formed opposite to the open back with central guide section.
- Fig. 8cQ As Fig. 8aQ, but traction layer 2aQ with longitudinal grooves and traction surface 3q profiled or roughened.
- a substantially cylindrical drive surface with greater or smaller surface roughness and optionally grooved and / or tooth-like surface structures is provided.
- the traction sheave has, for example, annular grooves which correlate with the diameter Dq of the respective tension member.
- a traction sheave in the region of its traction surface optionally has a sheathing or coating 3aq of an elastomer, a metal, a ceramic or a natural substance. The coating again has a contour correlating with the tension members 1q.
- a traction sheave or shaft has a plurality of substantially equal or equal grooves. In these grooves engage same or similar ribs, which are arranged on the driving side of the support means Details of the design of preferred variants of ribs on support means are described elsewhere in this document
- the cross-sectional shapes and / or contours of the depressions and elevations on the drive disk side substantially identical across the entire traction sheave or wave time
- the grooves and elevations have substantially the same distance from each other
- a plurality of, in particular three or more, similar support means can run side by side at a given location.
- the traction sheave section is thus configured such that a suspension element is in principle at least five, in particular at least seven or at least nine different ones.
- the suspension elements according to the invention comprise a plurality of cables 1q made up of tensile strands.
- the strands are constructed from a multiplicity of fibers or wires twisted together.
- the cables are assigned a cross-sectional diameter Dq It is known to those skilled in the art that conventional ropes do not have an exactly round cross-section. All materials disclosed in this document in connection with draft carriers according to the invention are used, in particular high-strength steel or aramid
- the (multiple) Buchtragern 1q of a support means is assigned at least one bed or molded body 2q made of an elastomeric and plasticisable plastic if necessary
- Several Buchtrager are at least half of their volume in a common bed 2q used so that they at least half of the In a preferred manner, about 180 ° to 200 ° (+/- 20 °) of the circumferential contour of the substantially cylindrical Wertrager 1q surrounded by the material of the bed / Formkorpers 2q particular is the height h of the bed 2q smaller than the height H of the suspension, preferably h ⁇ H * 0.8 According to FIGS.
- the cable-like tension members 1q may each have their own, separate, possibly tubular sheathing 1aq of a preferably transparent plastic.
- Such a separate casing can also be provided in all other variants, in particular in those according to Fig. ⁇ aq ff.
- the molded body 2q contacts the associated traction sheave flat in the area of the traction surface 3q and is therefore suitable and intended to transmit traction forces to the embedded tension members 1q.
- it may be provided to place an additional traction layer 2aq in the form of a separate layer on the traction side.
- the additional traction layer 2aq preferably has different properties in comparison to the bed 2q, the bed thus also being definable as the central layer 2bq (cf., FIG. 3bQ).
- the bed 2q or the central layer 2bq preferably surround the tension members 1q along a cross-sectional area of 60 ° (+/- 40 °). Alternatively or additionally, the material of the bed 2q or of the central layer penetrates the tension members 1q - as shown in FIG. 4bQ. All cable-like tension members described in detail elsewhere in this document can be used according to the invention.
- an additional protective layer 2cq is preferably provided on a reverse side or guide side 4q facing away from the driving side.
- the back-side protective layer 2cq preferably has different properties in comparison to the bed 2q, the bed thus also being definable as the central layer 2bq (cf., FIG. 3bQ).
- the backside protective layer 2cq extends as shown in Figs. 2cQ, 3bQ, 4dQ and 4fQ, preferably also along the (narrow) side surfaces of the support means.
- At least one guide roller or disc 5q is provided, which acts on the suspension element on the rear side and positions the suspension element in a form-locking manner between itself and the traction sheave.
- the guide roller engages on at least one (optionally sheathed) tension member 1q (and has a groove rounded in accordance with the diameter Dq of the tension member) and / or the guide roller 5q engages the molded body 2q or its protective jacket 2cq.
- guide roller 5q and molded body 2q have contours adapted to one another, in particular, it is possible for the molded body 2q to be in the region of its At least one guide section, on which the roller 5q rolls in contact, can be provided on the rear side 4q (see FIGS. 6aQ, 6bQ, 6cQ, etc.).
- a plurality of ribs oriented in the longitudinal direction of the suspension element are arranged on the bed / shaped body 2q.
- these are - as already mentioned - sketched very schematically.
- all grooves both the drive disk side and support means side in approximately the same cross-sectional profile and fit accurately into each other, wherein in the groove bottom each "air" is provided.
- a guide section in the form of a rib oriented in the longitudinal direction of the suspension element which has a substantially triangular or trapezoidal cross-section and cooperates with a correspondingly shaped guide roller, is provided on the rear side of the suspension element.
- the guide roller is arranged such that it secures the support means against lifting from the traction sheave.
- the guide roller may be positioned more than 20 mm, in particular more than 50 mm, in particular more than 1000 mm away from the traction sheave.
- the guide roller is preferably mounted on a machine housing or on a machine carrier (possibly springy and rotatable). It is understood that other suspension means described in this document according to the invention (in particular also significantly narrower ones) can be guided in this way. Otherwise, further details for guiding the various suspension elements according to the invention are given elsewhere.
- FIGS. 7bQ, 7cQ, 8aQ et seq. Further embodiments of the suspension element according to the invention have a drive-side traction layer 2aq and a core layer 2q, 2bq connected to the traction layer (central or rear-side).
- the core layer 2q, 2bq can be designed in such a way that it essentially encloses at least one tension member 1q and / or that it is subdivided in the longitudinal direction of the suspension element into a plurality of separate individual strands which may be spaced apart from one another.
- the traction layer 2aq represents the connecting link between a plurality of individual strands forming the core layer, to which in turn one or more tension members may be assigned.
- the traction layer may have a plurality of ribs oriented in the longitudinal direction of the suspension element, which ribs can engage in corresponding grooves on the traction sheave.
- the geometry of the ribs may be the geometry of the grooves in the other according to the invention.
- FIG. 9aQ A special form, which can be combined with the other variants, is further illustrated in FIG. 9aQ.
- the suspension element has a common traction layer 2aq and a plurality of (spaced apart) individual strands 2bq, each of which completely or partially surround two tension members 1q.
- a pressure / guide roller 5q can be arranged on the rear side, which presses the suspension element against the traction sheave / shaft.
- a first production method of a suspension element according to the invention in the form of the support belt 20 and the corresponding device for producing the support belt will now be explained in detail by way of example with reference to FIGS. 4 to 7.
- FIG. It is understood that other modified production methods can also be used, in particular those which are also described by way of example elsewhere in this document.
- the term "belt" is to be understood merely as representative of all encased suspension elements (regardless of the cross-sectional shape of the tension members and / or the sheathing).
- the method for producing the support belt 20 with a first belt layer 46 and a second belt layer 48 and cable-like tension members 42 embedded therein is a two-stage process.
- the first manufacturing station of this two-stage manufacturing process is illustrated in Fig. 4A and the second manufacturing station is shown in Fig. 4B. It should be noted that the first and second manufacturing stations are connected directly in series either as a separate manufacturing station or within an integral manufacturing process.
- the first manufacturing station for the belt-type suspension element 20 of the invention comprises a first rotating forming wheel 56 and a first guide 58 wrapping a partial section of this first forming wheel 56.
- This first guide 58 may be formed, for example, from an endless forming belt. which is guided over a plurality of rollers and together with the outer peripheral surface of the first forming wheel 56 forms a mold cavity, as disclosed for example in the aforementioned DE 102 22 015 A1.
- the first guide for forming the mold cavity may also include a fixed mold body provided with a slide member for allowing relative movement between the fixed mold body and the mold body traveling with the mold wheel 56.
- the outer circumferential surface of the first forming gear 56 is formed with a plurality of longitudinal grooves 60 extending along the circumferential direction of the forming wheel, as shown in FIG. 4B.
- the width of the outer peripheral surface of the forming wheel 56 which is preferably limited by suitable lateral guide elements 61 (see Fig. 5), corresponds to the desired width of the support belt 20 and the number of longitudinal grooves 60 in the outer peripheral surface of the first forming wheel 56 corresponds to the desired number of rope-like Buchani 42 in the strap 20.
- the width b of the grooves 60 is set smaller than the diameter d of the tension members 42.
- the width b of the grooves 60 is in a range of about 70% to 95% of the diameter d of the tension members 42, more preferably in a range of about 75% to 90%.
- the depth t of the longitudinal grooves 60 is in a range of about 25% to 50%, preferably in a range of about 30% to 40% of the diameter d of the tension members 42nd
- the rope-like tension members 42 are then fed from a supply roll 62 to the first forming wheel 56, wherein they are guided in the longitudinal grooves 60 of the outer peripheral surface of the first forming wheel 56 and preferably kept under prestress. Due to the above described dimensioning of the width b and the depth t of the longitudinal grooves 60 in relation to the diameter d of the tension members 42, the tension members 42 are only partially received in the longitudinal grooves 60 and between the tension members and the first shaping wheel 56 are in the areas of the longitudinal grooves 60th Free spaces formed.
- a flowable stream of the first material is given substantially unpressurized in the mold cavity formed between the first forming gear 56 and the first guide 58, wherein the at least one tensile carrier 42 abuts on the outer peripheral surface of the first forming wheel 56 before the flow of first material enters the mold cavity.
- the flow of material from the first extruder 64 is pressed by the first guide 58 against the tension members 42 and the first forming wheel 56 and thus obtains its final shape, finally to form the sub-belt 66 with the first belt layer 46 and the traction carriers 42 embedded therein.
- the first outer surface 50 of the partial belt 66 or the support belt 20 faces the guide 58, and the surface of the partial belt 66 forming the connection plane 52 faces the first shaping wheel 56.
- the flowable first material also flows into the cavities within the cable-like tension members 42 and through these cavities and through the free spaces formed between the tension members 42 and the first shaping wheel 56 due to the twisting of the tension members 42 (see FIG indicated by arrows flow lines 67 in Fig. 5) in the formed between the tension members 42 and the corresponding grooves 60 free spaces of the mold cavity.
- the cavities within the rope-like tension members 42 are at least partially filled with the first material, resulting in a very good connection between the tension members 42 and the first belt layer 46 of the first material.
- the tension members 42 are embedded as completely as possible in the first belt layer 46, so that there is no direct contact between the embedded tension members 42 and the subsequent second belt layer 48.
- the properties of the first plastifiable material (esp. Flowability) and the process parameters of the first manufacturing station (esp. Temperature and pressure) are to be chosen such that the first material during the embedding step in the cavities within the rope-like tension members 42 and the cavities between the Tensile beams 42 and the first forming wheel 56 can penetrate, as explained above with reference to FIG. 5.
- At least one tensile carrier 42 of the support belt 20 projects by about 5% to 20% with respect to the connection surface 52 of the partial belt 66.
- more than 80%, preferably more than 90%, more preferably more than 95% of the surface of the at least one tension member 42 is covered with the first plastifiable material of the first belt layer 46.
- first heating device 68 for heating the tensile member 42 to be supplied to the first forming wheel 56 is arranged.
- the first guide 58 may be provided with a structure on its inner side facing the first shaping wheel 56 to be the first one Outer surface 50 of Teiiriernens 66 and the finished support belt 20 to give a profile.
- the first outer surface 50 of the support belt 20 may be provided with longitudinally extending V-ribs, as will be discussed later in connection with specific embodiments of the support belt 20 with reference to FIGS. 8 to 10.
- further surface structures may also be introduced into this first outer surface 50.
- the profiling or structuring of the first outer surface 50 of the support belt 20 takes place in an advantageous manner during the embedding step of the at least one tension member 42 in the first belt layer 46.
- the first outer surface 50 of the support belt 20 after the second described below Manufacturing step in a separate further manufacturing step mechanically or chemically edit.
- the first forming wheel 56 or its outer peripheral surface is designed such that the connecting surface 52 of the partial belt 66 is provided with a surface structure during the embedding step.
- the portions of the connecting surface 52 between the tension members 42 are preferably formed with a surface structure 70, for example in the form of a grid-shaped or irregular roughening or corrugation.
- the regions of the tensile carriers 42 in the connection surface 52 can of course also be formed with a surface structure 70.
- Such a surface structure 70 enlarges the surface of the connecting surface 52 and thus improves the subsequent connection to the second belt layer 48.
- the second manufacturing station comprises a counterclockwise rotating second forming wheel 72 and a second guide 74 encircling a portion of this second forming wheel 72.
- This second guide 74 may, for example again be formed from an endless forming belt, which is guided over a plurality of rollers, or alternatively also have a fixed molded body, which is provided with a sliding element.
- the second forming wheel 72 of the second production station is formed with an outer peripheral surface which corresponds to the profile of the first outer surface 50 of the first belt layer 46 or of the partial belt 66. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG.
- a flat outer peripheral surface is provided for the second shaping wheel 72 in the event that the first outer surface 50 of the support belt 20 is to have no profile or at most a flat surface structure.
- the width of the outer circumferential surface of the second forming wheel 72 which is preferably limited by suitable lateral guide elements (not shown), corresponds to the desired width of the support belt 20.
- the partial belt 66 produced in the above-described first manufacturing station is then supplied to the second forming wheel 72 such that the first outer surface 50 of the partial belt 66 is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the second forming wheel 72.
- a second extruder 76 a flowable stream of the second plasticizable material is given substantially pressure-free in the mold cavity formed between the second forming wheel 72 and the second guide 74.
- the flow of material from the second extruder 76 is pressed by the second guide 74 against the connecting surface of the sub-belt 66 and thus gets its final shape to finally the finished strap 20 with the first and second belt layer 46, 48 and the traction carriers 42 embedded therebetween form.
- the second outer surface 54 of the support belt 20 is facing the guide 74.
- the flowable second material completely flows against the surface of the sub-belt 66 forming the joint plane 50.
- the connection between the first and second belt layers 46, 48 especially good. Since the tension members 46 were embedded as completely as possible in the first production station in the first belt layer 46, the second belt layer 48 hardly comes into contact with the tension members 42.
- the second guide 74 may be provided with a structure on its inner side facing the second forming wheel 72 to provide a profile to the second outer surface 54 of the finished support belt 20.
- the second outer surface 54 of the support belt 20 may be provided with longitudinally extending V-ribs, as will be discussed later in connection with specific embodiments of the support belt 20 with reference to FIGS. 8 to 10.
- further surface structures can also be introduced into this second outer surface 54.
- This profiling or structuring of the second outer surface 54 of the support belt 20 takes place in an advantageous manner during the forming step in the second manufacturing station.
- first and second belt layers 46, 48 can optionally be used for the first and second belt layers 46, 48. Due to the two-stage production process, it is advantageous if the second material has a lower flow or melting temperature than the first material, so that the supplied material from the second extruder 76 in the second manufacturing station at best softens the surface of the first belt layer 46 at the connection surface 50 in order to achieve a better connection between the two materials, but not the entire sub-belt 66, so that the form of the tension members 42, which is as completely as possible enclosed by the first material, is retained.
- a softer material is selected for the second belt layer 48 of the support belt 20 than for the first belt layer 46 of the support belt 20.
- the first material for the first belt layer 46 has a Shore hardness of about 85 at room temperature
- a second material having a Shore hardness of about 80 at room temperature is used. It has been described in the above embodiment of the manufacturing method that the first and the second outer surface 50, 52 in the first and the second manufacturing station can be formed optionally with flat surfaces or with a profile. It is also possible to provide one or both of the outer surfaces 50, 54 with an additional coating, vapor deposition, flocking or the like (not shown) in order to specifically change the surface properties, in particular the friction properties of the surfaces of the support belt 20.
- This surface treatment can optionally be applied to the complete outer surfaces 50, 54 or to only a part of the outer surfaces such as the flanks of corresponding V-ribs.
- a coefficient of friction of ⁇ ⁇ 0.3, for example, is preferred.
- Another method for producing a preferably single-layer belt-like support means for an elevator installation contains in particular the steps of exact positioning of at least one cable-like tension member and the embedding of the at least one rope-like tension member in a molded body of a first plasticizable material and the formation of the outer contour of the molded body.
- the entire outer contour or at least parts of the outer contour of the shaped body are formed simultaneously with the embedding of the at least one tensile carrier.
- the shaped body is produced with the tension carriers and a preliminary shape of the shaped body as a preliminary product.
- at least a first part of the outer contour is formed. This can be done by plastic forming or by material-removing, especially machining process, such as milling, grinding or cutting.
- a shaped body of a belt-like suspension element according to the invention is produced from two belt layers.
- the method includes the steps of placing at least one rope-like tension member; embedding the at least one cable-like tension member in a first belt layer of a first plasticizable material and the molding of a second Riemeniage of a second piastifizierbaren material such that a suspension means with embedded tension members is formed.
- the method includes the steps of placing at least one rope-type tension member; embedding the at least one cable-like tension member in a first belt layer of a first piastiquelierbaren material such that a partial belt with a first outer surface and a Verbi ⁇ dungsebe ⁇ e forming surface is formed in which the at least one tension member partially protrudes from the connection plane of the belt part and the protruding portion the at least one tensile carrier is at least partially covered with the first piastifizierbaren material.
- first belt layer and the second belt layer it is optionally possible to use different materials, materials of the same material class, an identical material with different properties or a same material with the same material properties, and in particular a material identical for both layers.
- a first partial belt is produced with a surface forming a connection plane.
- This surface of the first belt part is at least partially enlarged before the forming step of the second belt layer by providing it with a surface structure.
- the larger surface area allows better chemical and / or physical connection with the second belt layer to be formed later.
- a surface structure is already formed on the connection surface during the production of the first part belt, by using a corresponding melt pattern with a pattern or great roughness in the region of the connection plane.
- the first outer surface and / or the second outer surface are formed with at least one rib extending in the longitudinal direction of the support means.
- the formation of the ribs is preferably carried out during the embedding step or during the forming step.
- the embedding step of the tensile carriers in a first belt layer as an extrusion process of the first plasticizable material and the forming step of the second belt layer are performed as a extrusion of the second plasticizable material on the first belt layer.
- the first belt layer and the second belt layer are produced with the same or different process parameters (eg temperature, pressure, rotational speed of the forming wheel, etc.) which are respectively adapted to the first and the second plasticizable material ,
- the first part belt and the second part belt are manufactured with the same or different parameters and from the same or different material as precursors.
- the two precursors are then joined together to form an elevator support belt by welding and / or fusing and / or gluing and / or calendering their (long) sides, which are in each case designed as connecting surfaces.
- the tension members are preferably embedded in one or in both belt layers before joining the belt layers, preferably already during production of the belt layer (s).
- (one or more) tensile carriers are positioned on a surface of at least one of the two belt layers formed as a connecting plane and are preferably fixed there. Subsequently, the belt layers are then joined together.
- the fixing can be done by sticking, by attachment by mechanical means such as brackets, etc., or by melting or melting or pressing the tension members on or in the connection plane of the respective belt position.
- the at least one tensile carrier is placed under prestress during the embedding step.
- the at least one tension member is heated during an embedding step, and for better connection of the first and second belt layers, preferably the joining surface of the sub-belt is heated during the forming step and / or the surface is roughened or created Pattern enlarged or impregnated with an adhesive.
- the known methods of plastics technology are used as methods and combined with one another depending on the material, requirements and requirement profile. It is understood that the individual known method steps or methods can be combined with each other.
- the known methods of plastics technology which are used here alone or in combinations successively or interlocked with one another, are described, for example, in Oberbach et al. "Saechtling Kunststoff Taschenbuch", 29th edition, Hanser Verlag, Kunststoff 2004, reproduced in chapter 4, in particular in chapters 4.2.3 and 4.2.5, in particular 4.2.5.4, 4.2.5.5, 4.2.5.9 and 4.2.5.10, as well as 4.2.6, 4.2.7, in particular 4.2.7.1 and 4.2.7.2, in 4.2.9, 4.3.3, 4.4.1, 4.4.2, 4.4.3, 4.4.4, 4.4.5.
- Fig. 1 ⁇ shows a cross section through an elevator support belt 12 ⁇ according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- This carrying strap 12 ⁇ comprises a tube arrangement with a plurality of individual tubes 15 ⁇ made of a thermoplastic, in the exemplary embodiment of polyamide.
- a tension member 14 ⁇ is arranged in each case, wherein the tension member consists of a steel wire rope, which is stranded from strands, which in turn are stranded from steel wires.
- the individual Glastrager be encapsulated with polyamide, wherein the spaces between the steel wires are filled as completely as possible with polyamide.
- a belt body 13 ⁇ is extruded from an elastomer, in the embodiment of polyurethane, on the hose assembly.
- the individual tubes have a larger cross-section than the tension members 14 ⁇ arranged in them. They can therefore better in the extrusion process in the correct position to each other and to the resulting belt body 13 ⁇ , in particular to the V-ribs 13.1 ⁇ are performed.
- the hoses may be coated with an adhesion promoter, preferably in the form of an adhesive.
- Each wedge rib 13.15 is particularly advantageously associated with two tension members 14 ⁇ , so that each tension member 14 ⁇ is assigned an edge of this V-rib 13.15, via which essentially a traction force is transmitted from a traction sheave to this tension member.
- the contact surface formed by the V-ribs 13.1 ⁇ is provided with a thin coating, for example of polyamide, in order to lower the coefficient of friction.
- a thin coating for example of polyamide
- Such a polyamide coating also reduces the wear on the contact surface and reduces the risk of jamming of the V-ribs of the elevator belt 125 in the grooves of a traction sheave.
- Fig. 2 ⁇ shows a cross section through a further modified embodiment of a support belt 12 ⁇ .
- Components which correspond to the preceding embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, so that only the differences from the first embodiment are discussed below.
- the two hoses 15 ⁇ of the hose arrangement assigned to a V-rib 13.15 are connected to each other by a web 15.1 ⁇ . This is arranged centrally to the tension members 14 ⁇ and the surrounding these concentrically hoses 15 ⁇ .
- the webs give the structures of two interconnected tubes 15 ⁇ and tension members 14 ⁇ an increased rigidity in the transverse direction, thereby causing the elevator carrier 12 ⁇ to extend perfectly straight on even, undetached belt portions and not to vibrate
- the hose pairs of the hose assembly are extruded under high pressure, the tensile carriers 14 ⁇ being fed to an extrusion die in such a way that a tensile carrier 14 ⁇ is arranged substantially centrally in each hose 15 ⁇ , advantageously the second material of the hose
- the pairs of tubes are again fed in the correct position an extruder in which the Riemenkorper 13 ⁇ extruded and at the same time the tube assembly is embedded in this
- the webs 15 1 ⁇ on both sides of the material of the Riemenkorpers 13 ⁇ enclosed Since two tubes 15 ⁇ with embedded Switzerlandtragern14 ⁇ are immovably spaced from each other and the hose pairs form larger units, these can easily positionally correct the respective V-ribs 13 1 ⁇ z be subordinated
- FIG. 3 ⁇ shows a cross section through a further embodiment of the elevator support belt 12 ⁇
- the reduced compared to the coefficient of friction of the elastomer of the belt body 13 ⁇ friction coefficient of this belt pressure side 15 1 ⁇ gives the lift support belt 12 ⁇ advantageous properties in its deflection to non-profiled deflection disks
- the webs 15 1 ⁇ lend the support belt 12 ⁇ here higher stiffness in the transverse direction
- FIG. 4 ⁇ shows a further embodiment of the elevator support belt 12 ⁇ in cross-section. This embodiment differs from the embodiment in FIG. 3 ⁇ in that all hoses 15 ⁇ are then connected to one another by a single web 15 1 ⁇ with the train carriers 14 ⁇ arranged.
- the web 15 1 ⁇ is tangential to the hoses It essentially forms the back side of the elevator belt 12 ⁇ , which is intended to be deflected via deflecting disks.
- the rear side which essentially consists of polyamide, is more resistant to abrasion and has a lower coefficient of friction, so that, when deflected about the rear side of the elevator belt, less Wear alstntt and reduces the energy required to move the Autzugriemens
- the web 15 1 ⁇ extends to the side edges of the support belt 12 ⁇ and thus forms the entire rear side of the elevator belt 12 ⁇
- FIG. 5 ⁇ A modification of the embodiment as shown in Fig 1 ⁇ is shown in Fig. 5 ⁇ in cross-section
- the hose of Fig. 1 ⁇ 15 ⁇ with the then embedded Wertragern 14 ⁇ are each paired and each associated with a Keil ⁇ ppe 13 1 ⁇
- the paired hose 15 ⁇ with The Wertragern 14 ⁇ are not spaced from each other, but touch each other This compares favorably the distance of the Wertrager 14 ⁇ to the flanks of Keil ⁇ ppen 13 1 ⁇ In this way, for example, prevents the distance of a Buchtragers 14 ⁇ to its associated flank between rib tip and the rib base greatly varies This contributes to a better distribution of the transmitted forces in the belt body 13 ⁇
- the tensile carriers 14 ⁇ are individually encapsulated with polyamide, whereby preferably all interspaces between the individual wires of the tensile carrier are filled in.
- Two tubes 15 ⁇ are then coated with a thermal adhesive and fed together to the extruder, which extrudes the belt body 13 ⁇ During the extrusion, the tubes 15 ⁇ of the pairs of tubes are embedded in the Riemenkorper 13 ⁇ , whereby they connect by the case of this activated thermal adhesive both with the belt body 13 ⁇ and with each other
- a further embodiment is illustrated in FIGS. 6A and 7A.
- a first belt layer which forms the back side of the support belt 12 ⁇ , has V-shaped grooves 15 1 ⁇ .
- a second belt layer forms a belt body 13 ⁇ made of polyurethane with trapezoidal wedge arms 13 1 ⁇ having the largest volume fraction Glastrager 14 ⁇ are embedded in the polymer mass of the support belt 12 ⁇ , wherein each two Anlagentrager 14 ⁇ a trapezoidal V-rib 13 1 ⁇ assigned
- Such a belt can be produced for example by means of extrusion, wherein the grooves 15.15 are advantageously already formed during the primary forming process. In order to keep the bending load of the first belt web or the rear side 15 ⁇ as small as possible when rotating pulleys, this has a thickness of at most 2 mm or at most one third of the total belt thickness.
- a tension member 14 ⁇ is first arranged in the grooves 15.1 of the rear side 15 ⁇ shown in FIG. 6 ⁇ .
- the tension member is formed in a manner not shown as a cord of a fiber rope or a wire rope or wire strands, which in turn are composed of individual stranded individual wires of steel.
- the tensile carriers 14 ⁇ are pressed with a slight bias from above into the V-shaped grooves 15.1 ⁇ , whereby they deform elastically and assume substantially the contour of the tension members.
- the first belt bearing 15 ⁇ are also heated to the extent that the thermoplastic material is plasticized again so far that the grooves adapt to the tension members 14 ⁇ under plastic deformation.
- the tension members 14 ⁇ can be inserted into the grooves 15.15 essentially free of stress and are arranged in the correct position relative to one another by these. Insertion means any kind of feeding of the tension members.
- the second belt layer 13 ⁇ which occupies the largest volume fraction of the support belt 12 ⁇ and therefore also called belt body 13 ⁇ , polyurethane extruded on the first belt layer 15 ⁇ arranged in the grooves 15.15 tension members 14 ⁇ .
- the polyurethane of the belt body 135 encloses the still free surface of the tension member 14 ⁇ and connects gieichzeitig thermally with the back 15 ⁇ .
- the adhesion between the back side 15 ⁇ and the tensile carriers 14 ⁇ embedded therein is large enough to transmit the tensile forces occurring in the elevator installation from a traction sheave over the rear side 15 ⁇ to the tensile carriers 14 ⁇ .
- the belt body 13 ⁇ has on its side facing away from the first belt layer or rear side 15 ⁇ side V-ribs 13.2 with a flank angle ⁇ of 90 °. These can equally be formed by machining or, preferably, during the molding of the belt body 13 ⁇ , for example by introducing the polyurethane between the first belt layer or rear side 15 ⁇ and a shaping belt of the extrusion system (not shown) spaced from it at the level of the belt body, which having a correspondingly complementary V-ribbed profile.
- the belt 12 ⁇ usually contains a plurality of tension members 14, and the first belt member 15 ⁇ has a plurality of grooves 15.15 guiding the tension members 14 ⁇ , wherein the distances between adjacent grooves or tension members are designed such that each of the multiple members 13.25 can be assigned the same number of tension members 14 ⁇ and respective group of a V-rib 13.2 associated tension members 14 ⁇ are arranged symmetrically to the central axis 13:35 of this V-rib.
- the first belt layer 15 ⁇ forms on its side facing away from the second belt layer 13 ⁇ (in Fig. 1 ⁇ below) from a sliding surface, which is provided for deflecting a deflecting element.
- This sliding surface of polyamide has a low coefficient of friction and at the same time a high abrasion resistance.
- this reduces the frictional force which has to be overcome for guiding the belt on a deflecting disk, thus reducing the lateral loading of the belt, for example by guide pulleys of traction sheaves and consequently also the required drive power. At the same time extends the life of the belt and the deflection.
- the belt body 13 ⁇ or the second belt layer forms on its side facing away from the rear side 15 ⁇ (in Fig. 1 ⁇ above) from a provided with the V-ribs 13.2 traction surface, which is provided for cooperation with a traction sheave.
- the belt may have on its traction surface a coating (not shown).
- the coming into contact with a corresponding V-ribbed profile of the traction sheave flanks of the V-ribs 13.2 ⁇ with a thin polyamide film be coated.
- the entire traction surface may also be coated with such a film.
- the belt 12 ⁇ comprises a third belt layer 16 ⁇ made of polyethylene, which is arranged on the side of the first belt layer 15 ⁇ facing away from the belt body 13 ⁇ .
- this further embodiment or the third belt position 16 ⁇ indicated by dashed lines.
- Fig. 8 ⁇ is another embodiment of a support belt 12 ⁇ shown in which on a fabric-reinforced back 15 ⁇ Glaszan 14 ⁇ are arranged.
- the tension members 14 ⁇ are each embedded in pairs in individual belt bodies 13 ⁇ , which are connected at a defined distance 18 ⁇ fixed to the rear side 15 ⁇ .
- Each individual belt body is formed as a kind of single V-rib so that it forms with the adjacent belt bodies 13 ⁇ approximately a V-ribbed surface of a support belt.
- the back is made in this example of polyamide impregnated nylon fabric, the belt body 13 ⁇ made of a polyurethane with adhesives offset and the tensile carrier 14 ⁇ of fiber ropes or wire ropes.
- Such a belt 12 ⁇ can be produced by, for example, glued to a first belt layer, which will form the back 15 ⁇ of the support belt 12 ⁇ , the tension members 14 ⁇ at a defined distance from each other or welded or pressed.
- the belt bodies are subsequently extruded on the side of the rear side 15 ⁇ , which carries the tension members 14 ⁇ . This is preferably done in a device which has a correspondingly formed forming wheel, so that the distances 18 ⁇ between the individual belt bodies 13 ⁇ are well defined in the finished carrying belt.
- Another way to produce such a belt is to introduce the tension members 14 ⁇ in a forming wheel and there biased to place on winding lugs.
- the molding material for the belt body 13 ⁇ is extruded into the cavity of the forming wheel.
- the molding compound of polyurethane flows around the tension members 14 ⁇ with the exception of the small contact surfaces of the tension members on the winding lugs.
- the belt bodies thus formed are received by a conveyor system which guides the belt bodies in grooves with a defined distance from one another.
- the conveyor system is now supplied with the second belt layer, the rear side 15 ⁇ .
- the finished strap 12 ⁇ firmly connected to each other by either welded or glued together.
- the individual V-ribs 135 are movable relative to each other with deformation of the rear side 15 ⁇ and can thus compensate for position and shape deviations of the ribs and grooves.
- two adjacent V-ribs can change their distance from one another in both the transverse and vertical direction of the belt 12 ⁇ and thus engage in differently widely spaced, differently deep and / or differently shaped grooves in a traction sheave.
- a production device for a belt-type suspension element for an elevator installation is provided.
- the suspension systems for elevator systems described in detail elsewhere in this document are preferably produced using the methods also described in this document.
- the device for producing a belt-like support means for an elevator installation has a first production station for forming a first belt section or belt layer with a first outer surface and a surface forming a connection plane and a second production station for forming a (complete) suspension element with the first outer surface and a second outer surface.
- the first manufacturing station comprises a first forming wheel, a first guide wrapping a portion of the first forming wheel, means for feeding at least one (preferably rope-like) tension member to the first forming wheel, and a first extruder for feeding a first plasticizable material into one between the first forming wheel and the first guide formed mold cavity.
- the second manufacturing station comprises a second forming wheel, a second guide which wraps around a partial circumference of the second forming wheel, means for feeding the belt section / belt ply produced in the first manufacturing station to the second forming wheel, and a second extruder for feeding a second plasticizable material into between second forming wheel and the second guide formed mold cavity.
- the outer circumferential surface of the first forming wheel of the first manufacturing station is shaping for the connection plane of the first belt layer formed in the first finishing station. According to the invention, it has a longitudinal groove extending in the circumferential direction of the first forming wheel into which the at least one tension member is fed and positioned. The depth of the longitudinal groove is smaller than the radius of the tension member, so that the at least one tension member is embedded with only a part of its diameter in the first belt portion and projects with the other part of the connection plane.
- the depth of the longitudinal grooves of the outer circumferential surface of the first forming wheel is preferably in a range of about 25% to 50%, preferably in a range of about 30% to 40% of the diameter of the tension members.
- a first manufacturing station further comprises a device for supplying a tension member to the first forming wheel under bias and a first heating device for heating the tension member prior to its supply to the first forming wheel.
- a first guide of the first production station is provided with a cavity structure on its side facing the first forming wheel in order to give the first outer surface of the partial belt or of the support belt a profile (for example in the form of V-ribs).
- a first form wheel is provided on its outer peripheral surface in the region between the longitudinal grooves with a structure to give the surface of the belt forming the connection plane a corresponding surface structure.
- the structure has macroscopic grooves with a depth of more than 15 ⁇ m, in particular more than 25 ⁇ m. Preference is given to be provided at an acute angle to each other extending grooves that give a regular or irregular pattern. Further alternatively or additionally, the structure has undercuts.
- the second manufacturing station has a (preferably second) heating device for heating the first belt layer before it is fed to the second forming wheel.
- the second guide of the second manufacturing station is optionally provided on its side facing the second forming wheel with a cavity structure, which is the second outer surface of the suspension means a professional! To give example in the form of ribs or teeth.
- plastic deformation of the suspension element is carried out in a workstation adjoining the second production station, in particular using a forming machine.
- a (further) production station in which the surface of the support means is machined to produce a desired surface quality and / or surface shape.
- the suspension element is finished by material removal by cutting, grinding or milling.
- a belt-type suspension means 20 which can be manufactured by the above-described manufacturing method of the invention.
- the suspension elements mentioned can be combined in arbitrary combinations to force transmission arrangements according to the invention in order to equip an elevator system or hoist according to the invention.
- the carrying strap 20 has a shaped body 44 formed from a first belt ply 46 and a second belt ply 48, in which a tension carrier arrangement with a total of four rope-like tension carriers 42 is arranged.
- the first outer surface 50 of the first belt layer 46 is provided for contact with the traction sheave 26.
- it has two driving ribs in the form of V-ribs 80, which engage in associated grooves of the traction sheave 26 and are guided laterally by them, so that the contact pressure and thus the traction capability of the drive increase.
- the second outer surface 54 of the second belt layer 48 is provided for contact with the cab bearing washers 34a, 34b and has for this purpose a guide rib in the form of a V-rib 82, which engages in an associated role of the deflection plate 34a, 34b and is guided by the latter laterally.
- the total height of the support belt (20) is greater than its overall width.
- the flexural rigidity of the support belt 20 Enlarged around its transverse axis and so jammed against the Riiien the Treioscneibe 26 and the support disks 30, 34 a, 34 b counteracted
- the ratio is about 0.90
- the flank angle ⁇ of the driving ribs 80 of the first belt layer 46 is defined as an internal angle between the two flanks of a driving rib 80 and amounts to approximately 90 ° in the exemplary embodiment (generally between 60 ° and 120 °).
- the correspondingly defined flank angle ⁇ of the guide belt 82 of the second belt layer 48 in this example is about 80 ° (generally between 60 ° and 100 °)
- flank height of Fuhrungsnppe 82 is greater than the flank height of the twomaschine ⁇ ppen 80
- the Fuhrungsnppe 82 deeper into a corresponding groove of the deflection plates 30, 34a, 34b dive than that of the driving ribs 80 and the associated grooves of the traction sheave
- the flank width of the guide tab 82 is also larger than that of the two drive ribs 80. The larger flank width of the guide tab 82 guides the carrying strap 20 on its second outside 54 over a wider range in the transverse direction
- the V-ribs 80, 82 each have a flattened tip with a certain width, which is at least as large as the minimum distance of the corresponding counter flanks of the grooves of the discs 26, 30, 34a, 34b touches the in these counter flanks formed edge, the edges of the V-ribs 80, 82 not so that they are protected from a corresponding notch effect
- the first outer surface 50 can have a coating with a PA film, a nylon fabric or the like, at least in the regions of the wedge arms 80 which come into frictional engagement with the flanks of the traction sheave 26. It is also possible to have a wedge 80 with a friction coefficient. and / or noise-reducing coating to provide
- a support belt 20 differs from the example described above in that instead of the two V-ribs 80 on the side of the first belt layer 46, only one V-rib 80 is formed. Also, this one V-rib 80 has a flank angle ⁇ of about 90 ° (generally between 60 ° and 120 °) and a flattened tip. Overall, results in this strap 20 both on the first and on the second outer surface 50, 54 a V-profile.
- Fig. 10 shows a third embodiment of the support belt 20. This differs from the support belt 20 shown in Fig. 9 in that the wedge rib 80 of the first belt layer 46 is formed rounded overall.
- FIGS. 8-10 are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the invention to these particular forms of the support belt 20.
- Other variants of suspension means which can be manufactured with the above-described manufacturing method of the invention are described in detail elsewhere.
- the present invention includes both carrying straps 20 in which the height is greater than the width (FIG. 11A), as well as carrying straps 20 in which the width is greater than the height (FIG 11 B).
- both rectangular and square cross-sectional shapes for the strap 20 are conceivable.
- the ratio of the total width to the total height of the (non-round, sheathed) support belt 20 is in the range between 0.8 and 1.2, in particular in the range between 0.9 and 1.1.
- corresponding predetermined breaking points and / or perforations can be provided in the preliminary product comprising a plurality of support belts 20. Furthermore, it is possible to separate the individual narrow strap 20, to provide a traction sheave 26 in which individual grooves are spaced further than two to be engaged ribs of two to be separated, adjacent strap, so that the precursor is spread apart at these locations and ultimately separated into several narrow strap 20 in the elevator system.
- a carrier tape or mounting tape for example made of plastic or with foil-like brackets or the like, which may still remain after the separation process and optionally only when mounting the support belt 20 is removed in an elevator system. This process is explained in detail, for example, in Applicant's European patent application EP 06118824.9, to which reference is made in this regard.
- a subsequently described belt-type suspension element (hereinafter referred to simply as "shoulder strap” or “belt”) is provided for an elevator installation.
- a plurality of rope-like tension members are arranged in one or more common sheathing (s), wherein a sheathing, in particular an outer sheathing, has a non-circular cross-section.
- An outer casing preferably forms a shape and / or function-determining shaped body of the suspension element.
- the number and arrangement of the tension members are preferably selected in the molded body such that a compensation of different torques or torsional moments is realized in the suspension element.
- Individual tension members are optionally associated with individual sheaths which are partially or completely embedded in the shaped body.
- the shaped body preferably has a triangular, quadrangular, pentagonal, hexagonal or polygonal cross-section, which remains constant over substantially the entire length of the support means.
- the shaped body may have a preferably uniform toothing along its longitudinal extent, which allocates to the shaped body at least two different cross-sectional shapes which alternate along the longitudinal extent of the suspension element.
- the shaped body of the support means has at least one drive side, via which the suspension element can be brought into touching contact with a so-called traction sheave or shaft, as described in detail elsewhere in this document. Furthermore, the shaped body preferably has a guide side facing away from the drive side, via which the suspension element can be brought into engagement, in particular, with guide rollers and / or deflection rollers. In a modified embodiment, the shaped body of the support means on two (in particular opposite) driving sides, which is in each case engageable with a traction sheave or shaft.
- the shaped body in cross section to its longitudinal axis considered at least two areas or layers with different properties: A first area which cooperates in operation with the traction sheave (also called the driving side or traction side) and an area opposite this area, either the protection of the tension members from environmental influences serves or the leadership and / or the deflection serves (guide side). Between these areas can be provided as a further area (centrally arranged between the drive side and guide side) basic body. A tension member may be arranged wholly or partly in one of these areas. In a preferred manner, all tensile carriers are arranged in the main body or in the region of the guide side.
- one or more so-called “rotation-free” steel or synthetic fiber-based ropes are embedded in the molded body as a tensile member, for example, a steel cable is provided with a rotation-free steel cable based on DIN 3071.
- At least two tension members are provided whose Wheelang. Torsionsmomente balance each other so that the entire suspension is almost free of rotation and / or torsion torque.
- the support means has at least one tension member and on its driving side at least one V-rib, wherein the at least one tension member of the V-rib is assigned centric or force-symmetrical.
- the at least one tension member of the V-rib is assigned centric or force-symmetrical.
- a modified Embodiment has the Tragmitte! at least two rnai two tension members, which are centrally and / or symmetrically associated with at least two driving side V-ribs and centrally and / or symmetrically at least one guide-side V-rib.
- a modification of the suspension element provides a single-layered molding with one or more embedded tension members, wherein preferably at least two (mutually opposite) sides of the molding at least one extending in the longitudinal direction of the support means rib and / or at least one extending in the longitudinal direction of the support means groove having.
- the belt-type suspension element has a shaped body formed of at least two belt layers with one or more embedded tension members.
- a belt-type suspension element according to the invention for an elevator installation has a first belt layer made of a first plastifiable material having a first outer surface and a surface forming a connection plane, and at least one rope-like tension member embedded in the first belt layer such that it partially protruding from the connection plane of the first belt layer and the projecting portion of the at least one tension member is at least partially covered with the first plasticizable material.
- the belt-like support means comprises a second belt layer of a second plasticizable material, which is integrally formed on the connecting plane of the first belt layer and the protruding portions of the at least one tension member and forms a second outer surface of the support belt.
- the first belt layer and the second belt layer of the support belt can optionally be made of a material of the same material group - such.
- first rib educated which is preferably formed in the form of a first Keiirippe having a flank angle between 50 ° and 130 ° and / or is formed with a flattened tip.
- the second outer surface of the second belt layer is formed with at least one extending in the longitudinal direction of the support member second rib, which is preferably in the form of a second V-rib, which has a flank angle between 50 ° and 120 ° and / or is formed with a flattened tip. It is conceivable both a configuration with a first V-rib on the first outer surface, as well as with only a second V-rib on the second outer surface or with opposing or offset V-ribs on the first and the second outer surface.
- the ratio of the total height of the support means to the total width of the support means is greater than 1, wherein the height extent is oriented in principle perpendicular to a (possibly imaginary cylindrical) drive (upper) surface of an associated traction sheave. Alternatively, however, this ratio may also be about 1 or less than 1.
- FIG. 1a shows a further, modified (flat) carrying strap 20 for the elevator system according to the invention, which comprises an integrally molded shaped body.
- One side of the support belt 20 faces a traction sheave 26 during operation (with a drive side 50).
- This page 50 is provided with V-ribs 80.
- the V-ribs 80 are oriented in the longitudinal direction of the belt 20.
- the shaped body 44 of the V-ribbed belt 20 is preferably made of polyurethane and accommodates tension members 42 oriented in the longitudinal direction of the flat belt 20.
- the tension members 42 give the V-ribbed belt 20 the required tensile strength and / or longitudinal rigidity.
- They may be made of metallic material and / or non-metallic material, such as natural and / or synthetic fibers / chemical fibers, wherein they may be formed as a fabric, in particular flat fabric and / or as a rope-like tension members 42, as shown here.
- metallic material and / or non-metallic material such as natural and / or synthetic fibers / chemical fibers, wherein they may be formed as a fabric, in particular flat fabric and / or as a rope-like tension members 42, as shown here.
- Other possible variants of the material and shape selection for the tension members and the sheath are mentioned elsewhere in this document and can be used in the present embodiment.
- a traction sheave 26 with a diameter of 70 mm to 100 mm can be used. preferably 85 mm - used to transfer the required traction force on the support means 20 and thereby avoid an unacceptably high bending stress of the support means 20
- the installation space for the drive can be made so narrow Thanks to the smaller pulley diameter - for a given traction - that on As the diameters of electric motors behave approximately proportional to the torque that can be generated, the dimensions of the drive machine 14 and thus the total installation space for. can be reduced by the Antriebsvorwelle torque required by the prime mover 2 (not shown)
- the described drive arrangement can be kept to a minimum. Modified variants for drive machines which can be used according to the invention and designed according to the invention are mentioned elsewhere in this document and described in detail They can be advantageously used in the present elevator system
- the ribs 80 are separated by grooves, both having a triangular cross-section
- the existing between the flanks of a rib 80 and a groove angle b affects the operating characteristics of the V-ribbed belt 20, and in particular its smoothness and its traction tests have show that within certain limits, the larger the angle b, the better the smoothness and the worse the traction ability.
- the angle b should be between 80 ° and 100 ° Em optimal compromise between the conflicting requirements is achieved with Keil ⁇ ppen ⁇ emen in which the angle b is about 90 °
- the flach ⁇ emenartige support means 20 per rib at least two oriented in the longitudinal direction of the support means Wertrager 42, wherein the total cross-sectional area of all Wertrager 42 between 15% and 30%, in particular 20% or more than 25% of the cross-sectional area of the support means amounts
- FIG. 1 bS A further possibility of the embodiment of the V-ribbed belt 20 can be seen in FIG. 1 bS.
- the ribs 80 separated from one another in this example each have a trapezoidal cross-section.
- lateral grooves 81 are provided on the side 50 facing the traction sheave Grooves and ribs 80 intersect These transverse grooves 81 improve the flexural flexibility of the V-ribbing 20, so that this with traction sheaves 26 with particularly small Diameter can interact.
- the surfaces of a traction sheave 26 provided for interacting with the wedge rib-like, flat support means 20 described here may be cylindrical, and / or domed and / or formed with circumferentially arranged receiving grooves for the wedges of the ribs 80. Further particularly preferred variants of traction sheaves are described elsewhere in this document and can be used to advantage in the present embodiments.
- radial ribs may also be provided parallel to the axis of the traction sheave 26, which cooperate with the transverse grooves 81 of the support belt 20 similar to a toothed belt with a gear and counteract slippage of the belt 20 on the traction sheave 26 .
- the transverse grooves 81 are preferably between 0.01 mm and 0.5 mm deep, wherein no corresponding "teeth" must be provided on the part of the support belt.
- FIG. 1cS shows a further embodiment of a V-ribbed belt 20 with transverse grooves 81, as already known from FIG. 1bS, wherein the transverse grooves 81 in this exemplary embodiment are arranged on the side 2.1 opposite the V-ribs 80.
- a V-belt can serve not only as a support and drive means for the elevator car, but also the detection of the position of the elevator car.
- the transverse grooves 81 form on the deflection side 2.1 of the rhyme 20 a toothing with transverse to its longitudinal direction oriented teeth which engage positively in a gear of a detector.
- Fig. 1dS shows an elevator system with a gear 3A of a position detector.
- the elevator car 10 of this elevator installation can be moved vertically in a shaft 12.
- a belt 20 is attached at its one end in the elevator shaft and runs from there via two cabins 34a, 34b (deflection pulleys) arranged on the roof of the cabin 10 and a traction sheave 26 driven by an electric motor (not shown) a counterweight (disc) on the counterweight 32.
- Driving and deflection can be modified in the present case according to the nature of the other described in this document drive and / or deflection.
- the other suspension means described in this document can be used.
- the Tragmittei 20 (in the present example as a flat belt rempliiideie) wraps around the traction sheave and the Kabinentragin 34a, 34b with a second flat side 2.2, which has the extending in the belt longitudinal direction V-ribs 80.
- the V-ribs 80 cooperate with complementary grooves in the traction sheave 26 and the cabin shims 34a, 34b.
- the belt 20 loops around the traction sheave 26 and the adjacent cabin sheave 34a, 34b (in FIG. 1, the belt 20, starting from the counterweight 32, is mathematically negative about the traction sheave 26, and mathematically positively bent around the adjoining cabin sheave 34a, 34bs), is the belt 20 between these two wheels 26, 34a, 34bs rotated by 180 ° about its longitudinal axis, so that in each case its second, provided with the V-ribbed flat side 2.2 with the guide surfaces of the discs 26, 34a, 34b engages.
- the second flat side 2.2 is used as a guide as well as the driving side of the suspension element.
- the second flat side 2.2 is designed as a driving side of the suspension element, while the second flat side 2.2 opposite first flat side 2.1s is used as a guide side of the suspension element and also has a rib and / or a groove.
- the second flat side 2.2 thus engages in operation with at least one non-driven deflecting / guiding roller in engagement.
- a toothing is formed in which a gear 3A of a detector (not shown) engages. This may be provided regardless of whether the support means on its first flat side has a longitudinally oriented groove and / or rib or not.
- the toothing can be quasi put on one or more ribs.
- the gear 3A is arranged inertially in the vicinity of the traction sheave 26 in the elevator shaft 12, so that the belt 20 is guided by the traction sheave 26 and the gear 3A. If gear and traction sheave arranged close enough to each other, in particular separated only by a gap which substantially corresponds to the belt thickness, so advantageously pushes the traction sheave the belt on the gear, thus preventing a skipping of teeth, which improves the precision of the position detection.
- the gear 3A is connected to a rotary encoder (not shown), which determines the relative angular position of the gear, for example, the rotation modulo 2 ⁇ and a corresponding signal to a processing unit (preferably to a central elevator control unit) outputs.
- a processing unit preferably to a central elevator control unit
- the processing unit subsequently halves this value in order to take account of a 2: 1 pulley arrangement of the belt 2 and determines from this the position of the car 1 in the shaft 7.
- a correction unit detects this actual position of the car 1 relative to the contact switch and compares it with the theoretical value determined from the belt position. If the value determined from the belt position deviates from the thus determined actual position of the car 1 due to, for example, belt elongation or skidding in gearwheel 3A, the correction unit stores this deviation and subsequently adds it to the theoretical car position determined from the gear position.
- the speed or acceleration of the belt can be precisely determined by simple or twofold differentiation with time, in particular a constant belt elongation can be disregarded. This allows monitoring of maximum occurring speed and acceleration values, the departure of given speed profiles and an estimate of the total car mass from the quotient of the traction force exerted by the pulley 26 on the belt 2 and the resulting acceleration.
- a gear instead of on the cabin ceiling is rotatably mounted on the car 1.
- the gear is arranged in the vicinity of the one Kabinentragin 34 a, 34 b, so that the belt 20 between Kabinentragin 34 a, 34 b and gear 3 B is guided.
- the teeth 81 on the first side 2.1 (guide side) of the support belt 20 engage in the gear, while the V-ribs 80 engage on the second side 2.2 (driving side) of the belt 20 in the grooves of the Kabinentragrace.
- the gear is preferably coupled via a reduction with a rotary encoder (not shown) such that a method of the elevator car 10 between a top and bottom maximum possible position at which the gear performs several complete revolution, just one complete revolution corresponds to an encoder disc.
- the absolute angular position of the encoder disc directly reflects the absolute position of the belt 2 from which, as in the first embodiment, the position of the car 10 can be determined.
- the proposed measuring arrangement is applicable to all elevator systems and hoists described elsewhere in this document, and any of the suspension means described elsewhere in this document may be used.
- the detection and tracking of the position of the suspension element has been described by means of a toothed wheel which positively engages in a corresponding toothing on the part of the suspension element.
- the support means rolling wheel can also provide a non-positively rolling on the support means rolling wheel, or a wheels arrangement which has several, the support means encompassing wheels, which in turn could be pressed by at least one spring against the support means.
- the measuring wheel can be mounted in an inertial fixed position in an elevator shaft as well as on the car or on the counterweight.
- Fig. 1eS a shows a support belt 20, which cooperates as a toothed belt with a traction sheave and has a straight toothing, in plan view of the toothing.
- a traction sheave for this Tragriemenaus Insert by milling is easy to make.
- Such straps are to be guided by special measures, for example by flanges laterally attached to the traction sheaves and pulleys.
- the simultaneous toothing over the entire tooth width in the case of spur toothing results in a relatively strong noise development during operation.
- the carrying capacity of the teeth of a support belt and the number of meshing teeth determine the transfer capability.
- the strap has curved or arrow-shaped teeth, as shown in Figs. IeSb and IeSc.
- the shoulder strap centered on the traction sheave itself.
- the running smoothness Normally, the running surface of themaschinescneibe adapted to the shape of the teeth of the support belt, ie the traction sheaves have a corresponding toothing of the belt toothing
- FIG. 1eS b shows a carrying strap 20 with curved teeth.
- This toothed belt acts in a self-centering manner together with a corresponding counter-toothing of a drive or deflection plate. The fact that the entire tooth width is not engaged at the same time also reduces the operating noise
- a strap 20 is shown with herringbone teeth
- the teeth on the left and right Riemenhalfte are arranged against each arrow dfeilformig and offset in Riemenlangs ⁇ chtung each by half a tooth pitch
- Such straps work low noise, since the meshing between the belt and disc in each area of the Belt width at a different time, and they center themselves on the Gege ⁇ veriereung a traction sheave itself
- Fig. 1eS d shows a toothed disc 26, 26 'for a strap with herringbone teeth
- the teeth are either milled or rolled
- the illustrated disc 26, 26' is made in two parts to allow the milling of the teeth
- 1eS e shows a drive or deflecting pulley 26, 26 'for straight-toothed support belts 20, which has two bolted flanges 27 for lateral guidance of the support belt 20.
- a support belt with self-centering toothing can be guided if it engages with the non-edged side to a deflection plate 26 'runs
- a carrying strap 20 is shown, which has on its edentulous back 54 a Fuhrungsrippe 82 This serves to drive the strap 20 when it rotates with its edentulous side a disc
- the tread of such a disc in this case contains a Corresponding leadership This situation exists in elevator systems where the shoulder strap is push-steered so as to be bent in both directions.
- a guide rib may also be attached to one of the side edges or both side edges
- the suspension elements shown in FIGS. 1eS a) to 1eS d) and 1eS f) comprise tensile carriers 42 oriented in their longitudinal direction and consisting of metallic strands (eg steel strands) or non-metallic strands (eg made of man-made fibers) the inventive constructivesungsstoff ⁇ the required Switzerlandfesitechnik and / or longitudinal stiffness.
- Preferred embodiments of suspension elements according to the invention comprise tension members made of Zylon fibers.
- Zylon is a trade name of Toyobo Co. Ltd., Japan, and refers to manmade fibers of poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) (PBO).
- Compared with frictionally acting support means of the trained as a toothed belt strap 20 has the advantage that the size of the power transmission between a traction sheave and the suspension means is much less dependent on the amount of existing in the incoming and running away strand of the suspension means tensile forces.
- this advantage has the effect that even a very lightweight elevator car can interact with a much heavier counterweight without the transfer means slipping on the traction sheave.
- the tension members 42 should be embedded in the strap 20 so that adjacent fibers or strands do not touch. Straps with a width of about 30 mm and a thickness (without toothing) of 3 mm have proven to be ideal for elevator construction. H. a ratio between the total cross-section of all tension members and the cross-section of the belt, of at least 20%.
- FIGS. 2a to 2g show examples of steel cord-type tension members and their possible embodiments and possible components.
- the designations used in connection with the tension members correspond as far as possible to the nomenclature customary for wire ropes and used in standard EN 12385-2: 2002 (D).
- the Stahlseüartigen tensile support 42 may be formed in a erfindu ⁇ gsgefflessen elevator system analogous to the spiral ropes, Rundlitzenseilen, Formlitzenseilen, as they are known from the normal, unencuffed wire ropes ago.
- the ropes can be single, double or triple stranded.
- FIG. 2aS shows standardized round strand steel cables according to DIN 3055, DIN 3056, DIN 3057, DIN 3058, DIN 3059, DIN 3060, DIN 3061, DIN 3062, DIN 3063, DIN 3064, DIN 3065, DIN 3066, DIN 3067, DIN 3068, DIN Taken from 3069, DIN 3071: K. Feyrer; "Wire Ropes: Design, Operation, Safety”; 2nd edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2000, page 38.
- the documents mentioned are fully in terms of design, conception and dimensioning of tension members for inventive suspension for lifts or hoists referenced.
- belt-like support means are provided with a cross-toothing with it, but also and especially the inventive coated support means with at least one longitudinal groove or longitudinal groove and non-circular cross-section.
- the tension members 42 of a flat belt-like support means 20 may also comprise steel inserts.
- Fig. 2bS shows a steel strand insert briefly: SEL Fig. 2bS b) shows an independently stranded steel cable insert, short SES. Also a steel cable insert, but this time parallel stranded, Fig. 2bS shows c), short SESP. Fig. 2bS d), in short: SESU, again covered with a steel cable insert.
- the tension members may be designed as a cable impact cable, as shown by way of example in FIG. 2 cS a).
- 2eS a) and 2eS b) each show a flat strand rope, wherein in the flat strand rope of FIG. 2eS a) serve a flat strand and two triangular strands in a common envelope as a core.
- the flat-strand cable from FIG. 2eS b) comprises a plastic core.
- the flat-strand rope of FIG. 2S a) according to the invention is more torsionally stable due to the core which is combined with triangular strands and flat strands, which is very favorable for suspension elements with few tension members.
- Triangular ropes are also very torsionally stable and thus ideally suited for use as a tension member in an elevator support.
- triangular cable ropes with a steel core for example also from at least two further mutually twisted triangular strands or as in FIG. 2eS a) with two triangular strands and one flat strand in an elevator installation. All described triangular and flat cable ropes can also have other wire layers.
- tension members of a suspension element according to the invention of an elevator installation according to the invention can also be designed in the form of spiral cables.
- spiral cables For this purpose, the following shapes are possible: open spiral rope, as shown in Fig. 2dfS a); semi-open spiral rope, as an example in Fig. 2fS b) is shown; closed spiral rope, such as one shown as an example in Fig. 2fS c).
- Figures 2eS and 2fS specific wire forms are required for certain embodiments. Examples of such wire forms are shown in Fig. 2gS.
- tension members 42 in a suspension element of an elevator installation according to the invention can be constructed as described in FIGS. 2a to 2gS with the corresponding number of strand layers, the corresponding numbers and diameters and geometries of the strands of the corresponding twist of the strands and wires or fiber bundles.
- the fiber bundles can themselves be provided as twisted fiber bundles or bundles with parallel fibers.
- the fiber bundles can be wrapped in correspondingly shaped plastic sheaths which give the fiber bundles the desired geometry.
- the tensile carriers may be made of natural fibers and / or synthetic fibers and / or steel wires, but preference is given to polyamide fibers and, in particular aramid fibers, because of their specific weight of their fatigue strength and high tensile strength.
- the fiber materials and geometries mentioned elsewhere can also be used here.
- singal-transporting lines can also be incorporated into the tension members, which serve for determining the position of the elevator car and / or for monitoring the suspension belt and its ability to deposit.
- These may be, for example, electrical conductors or optical fibers.
- An example of a strap with such an electrically conductive element is shown in more detail in EP1674419A1, paragraphs 14 to 19 and Figures 3A, to 10 including their descriptions, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
- the embodiments of ropes, strands and wires or fiber bundles and fibers described above can also be used as tension members per se, ie. H. that they do not necessarily have to be embedded in a belt in order to be used as a suspension element in an elevator installation according to the invention.
- they can also function without further tension members and / or without sheathing as tension members of an elevator installation according to the invention.
- FIGS. 1a and 2b The starting point for the above explanations were single-layer flat belts 20, as shown in FIGS. 1a and 2b.
- flat belt-like support means 20 it is also possible to design flat belt-like support means 20 as a two-ply or multi-layer strap.
- 3 shows schematically the basic structure of a two-ply belt-like suspension element 20 for an elevator installation.
- the suspension element 20 has a belt body 44, also called a molded body 44, with a first belt ply 46 of a first plastifiable material and with a second belt ply 48 of a second belt
- the belt body 44 has a first outer surface 50 on the side of the first belt layer 46.
- a connecting plane 52 is located between the first and second belt layers 46, 48.
- the belt body 44 has a second outer surface 54 on its side opposite the first outer surface 50 In the region of the connecting plane 52, a plurality of rope-like tensile carriers 42 are embedded in the two-ply belt body 44
- rope-like Buchtrager 42 are in the context of the present invention (as already mentioned) in particular ropes, strands, cords or braids of metal wires, steel, plastic fibers, mineral fibers, glass fibers, carbon fiber and / or ceramic fibers used
- the rope-like Buchtrager 42 may each consist of one or more Single elements or be formed from single or multiple stranded elements
- each Buchtrager 42 comprises a two-ply core strand with a core wire (z B 0.19 mm diameter) and two beaten around this wire layers (z B 0.17 mm diameter) and arranged around the core strand single-layer outer strands with a core wire ( z B 0.17 mm diameter) and a beaten around this wire layer (z B 0.155 mm diameter)
- a Ceitrager inconvenience which may have, for example, a core hive with 1 + 6 + 12 steel wires and eight outer strands with 1 + 6 steel wires, has
- the two wire layers of the core hoses have the same impact angle, while one wire layer of the outer strands is struck against the direction of impact of the core heald and the outer strands are beaten against the direction of impact of their own wire layer around the core heald
- the present invention is not on Buchtrager 42 mi t limited to this special Buchtragerrvalent
- the first outer surface 50 (driving side) of the first belt layer 46 of the belt body 44 engages the traction surface of the traction sheave 26 during operation, while the second outer surface 54 (guide side) of the second belt layer 48 engages
- the support means 20 of the invention but also in the reverse manner in a lift system with traction drive can be used, as shown in Figures 2A and 2B D h, the first outer surface 50 of the first belt layer 46 of the belt body 44 may also be engaged with the traction surface of the traction sheave 26 while the second outer surface 54 of the second belt layer 48 engages the treads of the counterweight sheave 30 and the two cabin shims 34a, 34b
- the first material for the first belt layer 46 and the second material for the second belt layer 48 may be made of an identical material, of a same material with different properties, of a material of the same class of materials or even different materials, in particular different plastics
- elastomers such as polyurethane (PU), polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene (PE), polychloroprene (CR) are suitable materials for the belt layers 46,48.
- the mentioned materials are a non-presumptive surcharge, and the choice of material for the belt layers 46 , 48 and for forming the shaped body 44 of the suspension element 20 is not limited to the materials paid up
- special adhesion promoters can be added to the materials for the first and second belt layers 46, 48 in order to increase the strength of the connection between the belt layers 46, 48 and between the belt layers 46, 48 and the tensile carriers 42.
- coatings may also be provided on the first and / or the second outer surface 50, 54 (not shown here, additionally described elsewhere). These may be, for example, fabrics of metallic and / or synthetic and / or natural fibers and / or thin layers of plastic and / or composite material with metallic and / or synthetic and / or natural fibers and / or with finely divided particles of metals and / or metal oxides , Such coatings may also be provided as sacrificial layers with respect to wear.
- the first and second belt layers are each formed in an extrusion process.
- a vulcanizable thermoplastic elastomer material such as EPDM
- the vulcanization is then of course carried out only after the extrusion process and preferably after producing an at least approximate final shape.
- the first belt layer 46 and the second belt layer 48 it is possible for the first belt layer 46 and the second belt layer 48 to use the same material with the same properties, in each case the same material with different properties or different materials.
- the properties of the material (s) for the molded body 44 include in particular the hardness, the flowability, the consistency, the connection properties with the rope-like tension members 42 and / or with the second material of the other belt layer, the bending fatigue strength, the tensile and Compressive strength, wear properties, color and the like.
- At least one of the belt layers 46, 48 may be formed of a transparent material in order to simplify testing of the suspension element 20 for damage.
- the first and / or the second belt layer can be executed in antistatic quality.
- the second belt layer can be made luminescent in order to make the rotation of the traction sheave or the drum recognizable or to effect certain optical effects.
- the Rierneniagen 46, 48 may be made different in thickness, as shown in Fig. 4S and 5S.
- the tension members 42 can lie in the middle of t / 2 of the shaped body 44, as shown in Fig. 4S, or in the connecting plane 52 between the belt layers 46, 48 (see Fig. 5S) or anywhere be arranged between (not shown).
- the belt layer 48 is thinner than the belt layer 46, the latter also having wedge ribs 80.
- the tension members 42 are arranged approximately in the center of the shaped body 44 and completely embedded in the thicker belt layer 46.
- the tension members 42 are arranged in the connecting plane 52 and embedded approximately uniformly deeply into the two belt layers 46, 48. Due to the different thickness of the two belt layers 46, 48, however, they are not in the middle t / 2 of the support means 20. This non-central position of the support means 20 affects the contact pressure and its distribution to the traction sheave side with the first outer surface 50 and on the opposite side.
- the belt layers 46, 48 have different thicknesses.
- the tension members 42 are located approximately in the center of the support body 44. According to the thickness ratios of the belt layers 46, 48 to each other, the tension members 42 are embedded deeper in the first belt layer 46 in this example than in the second belt layer. Of course, it is also possible that the tension members 42 are instead embedded deeper in the second belt layer 48 or completely enclosed by the material of one of the two belt layer 46, 48 in the belt body 44, see. See also Fig. 4S.
- the distribution of the contact pressure and a possibly occurring difference of the same on the drive side and the opposite, often used as a deflection side of the support means 20 depends not only on the arrangement of the tension members in the molding 44 from. If necessary, the distribution of the contact pressure also depends on the material properties of the tension members and the two belt layers 46, 48 and on the force introduction or force transmission properties of the connection between tension member (s) 42 and the belt layers 46, 48. Possibly existing coatings on the outer surfaces 50, 54 or on the tension members 42 may also play a role. According to the invention, the thicknesses of the belt layers 46, 48, their material and the position of the tension members 42 within the shaped body 44 are precisely matched to one another in order to optimize all important properties of the suspension element.
- the lubrication creates possible movements of individual elements from which a tension member 42 is constructed, such as strands, wires, fiber bundles, etc. wear-free or at least reduced wear conditions.
- a protective effect against environmental influences such as corrosion, infestation by living organisms and the like is effected. This contributes significantly to the extension of the life of the suspension element 20.
- tension member 42 An alternative to lubrication over the material in which a tension member is embedded is the use of self-lubricating elements for the tension member or a corresponding structural design in combination with a material which at least largely eliminates lubrication.
- the tension members 42 are also held by the material of the belt layers 46, 48 in their desired positions and protected from corrosion.
- the contact surfaces of the belt body 44, which cooperate with the traction sheave 26, i. the first or second outer surface 50, 54, with so-called (wedge) ribs 80 form, as can be seen in Fig. 1aS, 1 bS and 4S to 6S on the cooperating with the traction sheave 26 side of the first belt layer 46 and already described elsewhere in this document.
- the said ribs 80 extend as elongated elevations in the direction of the longitudinal extent of the support means 20 and preferably come with correspondingly shaped grooves on the running surface of the traction sheave 26 in engagement. At the same time ensure the V-ribs 80 with their engagement in the grooves of the traction sheave 26 lateral guidance of the support belt 20 on the traction sheave 26th
- the outer surface 54 of the support belt 20 opposite the drive-side outer surface 50 as the deflection side (guide side) into contact with a deflection roller then it may be advantageous to form the outer surface 54 with V-ribs 80, as shown in FIGS 5S to 7S.
- the advantages that result from this correspond to those on the blowing side.
- the ribs 80 are either already made when extruding the corresponding belt layer 46, 48 or after creating a flat belt layer 46, 48 or a flat belt body 44 by forming and or by material-removing machining, such as milling, cutting, material removal by laser and the like.
- the two outer surfaces 50, 54 of the support belt 20 of the invention over its entire length or only in corresponding sections, in which they come into contact with the driving letter 26 and the various support and deflection pulleys of the elevator installation, be provided with a special surface property , which influences in particular the sliding properties of the support belt 20.
- the traction surface of the traction sheave 26 meshing outer surface 50, 54 of the support belt with a traction-optimizing (depending on the situation this means Flowionsvermindemden or Flowionser Wegnden) coating, surface structure or the like may be provided.
- the support strap 20 may also be encased in one or both outer surfaces 50, 54 with a fabric or the like in order to influence the properties of the support belt surface.
- the overall height of the support belt 20 is greater than its overall width.
- the flexural rigidity of the support belt 20 is increased about its transverse axis and thus counteracts jamming in the grooves of the traction sheave 26 and the support disks 30, 34a, 34b.
- the ratio is about 0.90.
- the height dimension is oriented approximately perpendicular to an imaginary cylindrical traction sheave surface.
- the flank angle ⁇ of the driving ribs 80 of the first belt layer 46 is defined as an internal angle between the two flanks of a driving rib 80 and is in the exemplary embodiment about 90 ° (generally between 60 ° and 120 °).
- the correspondingly defined flank angle ⁇ of the guide rib 82 of the second belt ply 48 is in this example about 80 ° (generally between 60 ° and 100 °).
- the flank height of the guide rib 82 is greater than the flank height of the two driving ribs 80.
- the guide rib 82 can dive deeper into a corresponding groove of the deflecting disks 30, 34a, 34b than in the case of the driving ribs 80 and the associated grooves the traction sheave 26 is the case.
- the edge width of the guide rib 82 is greater than that of the two driving ribs 80. Due to the larger edge width of the guide rib 82 is the Tragräemen 20 on its second outer side 54 over a wider range in the transverse direction.
- the V-ribs 80, 82 each have a flattened tip of a certain width which is at least as large as the minimum distance of the respective counter flanks of the grooves of the discs 26, 30, 34a, 34b. As a result, the edge formed in these counter flanks does not touch the flanks of the V-ribs 80, 82, so that they are protected from a corresponding notch effect.
- the first outer surface 50 may have a coating with a PA foil or the like, at least in those regions of the V-ribs 80 which frictionally engage the flanks of the traction sheave 26. It is also possible to provide a V-rib 80 with a friction-reducing and / or noise-reducing coating.
- FIG. 6S differs from the example described above in that instead of the two wedge ribs 80 on the side of the first belt layer 46, only one V-rib 80 is formed. Also, this one V-rib 80 has a flank angle ⁇ of about 90 ° (generally between 60 ° and 120 °) and a flattened tip. Overall, results in this support belt 20 both on the first and on the second outer surface 50, 54 a V-profile.
- Fig. 7S shows an embodiment of the support belt 20, the wedge rib 80 of the first belt layer 46 rounded overall (dashed line 51) or at least partially rounded (solid line shown 51) is formed.
- FIGS. 5S to 7S are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the invention to these specific forms of the support belt 20.
- the skilled person will readily recognize numerous other variants of the support belt shown here.
- modifications and areas of use within the present document are arbitrarily combinable with one another, irrespective of the width / height ratio of the suspension element cross section:
- the invention is of course not limited to this, as has already been illustrated by the suspension elements 20 from FIGS. 1a and 1 b and 3, where the width is greater than the height.
- the ratio of the total width to the total height of the support belt 20 is in the range between 0.8 and 1.2, more preferably in the range between 0.9 and 1.1.
- the width-height ratio of the suspension element cross-section moves between 0.8 and 10.
- a very wide belt with a very large number of tension members 42 is produced as an intermediate product. This is separated into several individual strap 20 smaller width.
- various mechanical methods such as cutting, sawing, etc. are conceivable.
- corresponding predetermined breaking points between the individual support belts 20 can be provided during joint production (see also FIG. 6M).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP08715742A EP2125594A2 (de) | 2007-03-12 | 2008-02-12 | Aufzugsanlage, tragmittel für eine aufzugsanlage und verfahren zur herstellung eines tragmittels |
Applications Claiming Priority (11)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP07103969 | 2007-03-12 | ||
EP07105131A EP1975111A1 (de) | 2007-03-28 | 2007-03-28 | Aufzugriemen, Herstellungsverfahren für einen solchen Aufzugriemen und Aufzuganlage mit einem solchen Riemen |
EP07107468 | 2007-05-03 | ||
EP07109521A EP2000431A1 (de) | 2007-06-04 | 2007-06-04 | Endverbinder und Verfahren zur Befestigung eines flachriemenartigen Tragmittels eines Aufzugsystems |
EP07110653A EP2006236B1 (de) | 2007-06-20 | 2007-06-20 | Aufzugstragmittel und Aufzugselement zum Antreiben oder Umlenken des Aufzugstragmittels in einer Aufzugsanlage |
EP07112641 | 2007-07-17 | ||
EP07114522 | 2007-08-17 | ||
EP07118710 | 2007-10-17 | ||
EP07120211 | 2007-11-07 | ||
PCT/EP2008/001068 WO2008110241A2 (de) | 2007-03-12 | 2008-02-12 | Aufzugsanlage, tragmittel für eine aufzugsanlage und verfahren zur herstellung eines tragmittels |
EP08715742A EP2125594A2 (de) | 2007-03-12 | 2008-02-12 | Aufzugsanlage, tragmittel für eine aufzugsanlage und verfahren zur herstellung eines tragmittels |
Publications (1)
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EP2125594A2 true EP2125594A2 (de) | 2009-12-02 |
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ID=39575601
Family Applications (1)
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EP08715742A Withdrawn EP2125594A2 (de) | 2007-03-12 | 2008-02-12 | Aufzugsanlage, tragmittel für eine aufzugsanlage und verfahren zur herstellung eines tragmittels |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US20100133046A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2125594A2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2008110241A2 (de) |
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EP2240395B1 (de) * | 2008-01-18 | 2021-07-14 | Kone Corporation | Seil für eine aufzugmaschine, aufzug dafür und verwendung davon |
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FI119236B (fi) * | 2002-06-07 | 2008-09-15 | Kone Corp | Päällystetyllä nostoköydellä varustettu hissi |
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ES2402930T5 (es) * | 2005-09-13 | 2016-12-05 | Otis Elevator Company | Método de fabricación de un elemento portante de carga para un sistema de ascensor |
CN101108712B (zh) * | 2006-07-21 | 2012-05-23 | 因温特奥股份公司 | 优化电梯系统的对重重量的方法和具有此种对重的电梯系统 |
US20080135343A1 (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2008-06-12 | Ernst Ach | Elevator support means for an elevator system, elevator system with such an elevator support means and method for assembling such an elevator system |
BRPI0721977A2 (pt) * | 2007-09-27 | 2014-03-18 | Otis Elevator Co | Membro de suporte de carga para suportar um carro de elevador, e, elevador |
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Also Published As
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US20100133046A1 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
US20150024891A1 (en) | 2015-01-22 |
WO2008110241A2 (de) | 2008-09-18 |
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