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EP2175075B1 - System with a tripod for manhole - Google Patents

System with a tripod for manhole Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2175075B1
EP2175075B1 EP09290708.8A EP09290708A EP2175075B1 EP 2175075 B1 EP2175075 B1 EP 2175075B1 EP 09290708 A EP09290708 A EP 09290708A EP 2175075 B1 EP2175075 B1 EP 2175075B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
foot
manhole
feet
installation according
convergence
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP09290708.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2175075A2 (en
EP2175075A3 (en
Inventor
Hakim Boujarra
Eric Bertot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Honeywell Fall Protection France SAS
Original Assignee
Honeywell Fall Protection France SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Honeywell Fall Protection France SAS filed Critical Honeywell Fall Protection France SAS
Publication of EP2175075A2 publication Critical patent/EP2175075A2/en
Publication of EP2175075A3 publication Critical patent/EP2175075A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2175075B1 publication Critical patent/EP2175075B1/en
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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/12Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C5/00Base supporting structures with legs
    • B66C5/02Fixed or travelling bridges or gantries, i.e. elongated structures of inverted L or of inverted U shape or tripods
    • B66C5/025Tripods
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/12Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor
    • E02D29/122Steps or handrails for shafts
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/12Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor
    • E02D29/127Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor with devices for impeding fall or injuries of persons
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/12Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor
    • E02D29/14Covers for manholes or the like; Frames for covers
    • E02D29/1418Covers for manholes or the like; Frames for covers with implements to assist in lifting, e.g. counterweights, springs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to tripod installations comprising three converging feet in a vertex, which is placed above a manhole in which one enters to perform a repair or maintenance.
  • the tripod signals the danger of the open manhole on the roadway and the beacon.
  • the tripod is also used to hang a safety strap in case of a fall, holding the operator who enters the manhole by a ladder that is stowed to the wall of the well, and in some cities for centuries and is partly unsealed.
  • the invention is an installation of this kind which, while taking up as little space as possible on the ground and being as simple and low as possible, makes it possible to ensure the safety of a descendant operator by the ladder.
  • the associated tripod is nevertheless easy to fold and transport with little space.
  • the installation comprises a manhole having a ladder attached to a side wall and, above the manhole, a tripod having a first foot and two other feet converging into a a point of convergence, such that the first leg is vertical and is immobilized on the edge of the opening of the manhole and characterized in that the point of convergence consists of a U-shaped plate slidably mounted on the first foot with possibility of immobilizing it by means of immobilization.
  • the length of a first foot, from the point of convergence to the free end, is smaller than the length of another foot.
  • it is smaller than the length of each of the other two feet and the other two feet have the same length and are preferably rectilinear.
  • the top For the storage of the tripod takes up less space, the top consists of a U-shaped plate slidably mounted on the first foot with the possibility of immobilizing it at any position along the first foot by an immobilizing means and the three legs may have the same total length, i.e. the length from one end of one foot to the other. For storage, put the top at the top end of the first foot and fold the other two feet on the first foot after separating them from their crampons.
  • the first foot carries a securing means of a strap, such as a ring, preferably above the top, the latter being in an intermediate position on the first foot.
  • the three legs are preferably provided at the low free end of immobilization means, in particular in the form of crampons.
  • the immobilization means can be friction pads stability of the tripod being provided by two spacers articulated on the first foot and respectively mounted sliding on the other two feet
  • the proximal ends that is to say the side opposite their free end, said two other feet are integral with the U-shaped plate, so that it is possible, by sliding of this plate to adjust the diameter of the tripod and adapt to different manholes.
  • the top of the ladder may be closer to the free end of the first foot than to the free end of another foot.
  • the installation is symmetrical with respect to a vertical plane passing through the middle of the scale.
  • the figure 1 illustrates an installation according to the invention, while the figure 2 shows some optional features such as friction pads, on an installation that does not fully correspond to the invention, and the figure 3 is a perspective view of the tripod of the figure 2 in the folded state.
  • the installation represented at figure 1 comprises a cylindrical manhole 1 of circular section which has a scale 2 fixed on the inner side wall.
  • a tripod which comprises a first foot 3 and two other feet 4 and 5.
  • the three legs 3, 4 and 5 converge at a point of convergence 6 being in an intermediate position on the first foot 3, closer to the upper end 7 than the lower end 8 of the foot 3.
  • the length of the first leg 3, from the point of convergence 6 to the lower end 8, is smaller than the length of the legs 4 and 5, from the point of convergence 6 to their lower end 9, 10.
  • the cross section of the feet 4 and 5 is smaller than that of the first foot 3.
  • the feet 4 and 5 have a circular cross section, while the foot 3 has a square cross section.
  • the feet 4, 5 are hinged at the point of convergence 6 and, at their lower end 9, 10, to studs 11, 12 which allows to adapt the tripod to openings of different diameters of the manhole.
  • the first foot 3 has at its lower end 8 a crampon 13 to immobilize it on the edge of the opening of the manhole at a position corresponding to the middle of the scale 2, that is to say in the median vertical plane between the two uprights of scale 2.
  • the convergence point 6 is formed by a U-shaped plate 6 slidably mounted on the first foot 3 with the possibility of immobilizing it therein by means of a wheel 14.
  • the two feet 4 and 5 are articulated on gussets 16 integral with vertical axes 17 mounted crazy on the plate 6.
  • the feet 4 and 5 have the same total length as the foot 3, from one free end to the other.
  • the installation of the figure 2 differs from that of figure 1 in particular in that the cleats at the ends of the feet 4, 5 are replaced by pads 18 with a high coefficient of friction and in that there are provided two spacers 19 and 20 hinged to the foot 3 by clevises 21 fixed to the foot and mounted respectively on clevises 22 sliding on the feet 4, 5.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to ensure the stability of the deployed tripod while allowing it to be folded as shown in FIG. figure 3 so that it takes up little space.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ladders (AREA)

Description

La présente invention se rapporte aux installations à tripode comprenant trois pieds convergents en un sommet, que l'on met au-dessus d'un trou d'homme dans lequel on entre pour effectuer une réparation ou un entretien.The present invention relates to tripod installations comprising three converging feet in a vertex, which is placed above a manhole in which one enters to perform a repair or maintenance.

Le tripode signale le danger du trou d'homme ouvert sur la chaussée et le balise. Le tripode sert en outre à accrocher une sangle de sécurité en cas de chute, retenant l'opérateur qui pénètre dans le trou d'homme par une échelle qui elle est arrimée à la paroi du puit, et ce dans certaines villes depuis des siècles et est en partie au moins descellée.The tripod signals the danger of the open manhole on the roadway and the beacon. The tripod is also used to hang a safety strap in case of a fall, holding the operator who enters the manhole by a ladder that is stowed to the wall of the well, and in some cities for centuries and is partly unsealed.

Des exemples de l'art antérieur peuvent être trouvés dans la demande de brevet japonaise JP353109330 divulguant un tripode dans une installation selon le préambule de la revendication 1, la demande de brevet internationale WO03/078293 divulguant un appareil de levage et la demande de brevet française FR2899253 divulguant un dispositif de sécurité pour l'accès à une chambre technique située sous une chaussée.Examples of the prior art can be found in the Japanese patent application JP353109330 disclosing a tripod in an installation according to the preamble of claim 1, the international patent application WO03 / 078293 disclosing a hoist and the French patent application FR2899253 disclosing a safety device for access to a technical room under a roadway.

L'invention vise une installation de ce genre qui, tout en prenant aussi peu de place que possible au sol et en étant aussi simple et basse que possible, permet de bien assurer la sécurité d'un opérateur descendant par l'échelle. Le tripode associé est néanmoins facile à plier et à transporter en prenant peu de place.The invention is an installation of this kind which, while taking up as little space as possible on the ground and being as simple and low as possible, makes it possible to ensure the safety of a descendant operator by the ladder. The associated tripod is nevertheless easy to fold and transport with little space.

L'installation est définie à la revendication 1. D'autres perfectionnements font l'objet des sous- revendications.The installation is defined in claim 1. Further improvements are the subject of the subclaims.

Dans l'installation suivant l'invention, l'installation comprend un trou d'homme ayant une échelle fixée à une paroi latérale et, au-dessus du trou d'homme, un tripode ayant un premier pied et deux autres pieds, convergents en un point de convergence, telle que le premier pied est vertical et est immobilisé sur le bord de l'ouverture du trou d'homme et caractérisée en ce que le point de convergence est constituée d'une plaque en U montée coulissante sur le premier pied avec possibilité de l'y immobiliser par un moyen d'immobilisation.In the installation according to the invention, the installation comprises a manhole having a ladder attached to a side wall and, above the manhole, a tripod having a first foot and two other feet converging into a a point of convergence, such that the first leg is vertical and is immobilized on the edge of the opening of the manhole and characterized in that the point of convergence consists of a U-shaped plate slidably mounted on the first foot with possibility of immobilizing it by means of immobilization.

A l'état déployé, la longueur d'un premier pied, allant du point de convergence à l'extrémité libre, est plus petite que la longueur d'un autre pied. De préférence, elle est plus petite que la longueur de chacun des deux autres pieds et les deux autres pieds ont la même longueur et sont de préférence rectilignes.In the deployed state, the length of a first foot, from the point of convergence to the free end, is smaller than the length of another foot. Preferably, it is smaller than the length of each of the other two feet and the other two feet have the same length and are preferably rectilinear.

Grace à cette structure dissymétrique, on peut monter le premier pied verticalement sur le bord d'un trou d'homme avec les avantages suivants :

  • L'entrée dans le trou d'homme est dégagée du côté de l'ouverture du trou d'homme diamétralement opposé à l'endroit où est monte le premier pied.
  • La hauteur du tripode peut être petite, sans gêner l'entrée. La hauteur est réglable et peut s'adapter à l'espace disponible au-dessus du trou d'homme par simple coulissement sur le premier pied du sommet situé au point de convergence.
  • Les forces appliquées au tripode lorsqu'un opérateur y est suspendu par une sangle peuvent être absorbées essentiellement par le premier pied vertical auquel on donne une section transversale plus grande que celle des autres pieds. Le tripode est dans l'ensemble plus léger que les tripodes antérieurs et peut être ainsi transporté et monté plus facilement. En dépit de sa légèreté, il est plus résistant que les tripodes antérieurs puisque la force appliquée, par l'intermédiaire d'une sangle auquel est suspendu un opérateur, peut n'avoir qu'un bras de levier très petit par rapport au premier pied. En particulier, lorsque l'utilisateur descend le long d'une échelle disposée dans l'axe du premier pied, il est rassuré avec une force aussi grande que celle dont il disposerait avec un tripode classique deux fois plus haut.
Thanks to this asymmetrical structure, the first foot can be mounted vertically on the edge of a manhole with the following advantages:
  • The entry into the manhole is cleared on the side of the opening of the manhole diametrically opposed to the place where is mounted the first foot.
  • The height of the tripod can be small, without hindering the entrance. The height is adjustable and can adapt to the space available above the manhole by simply sliding on the first foot of the summit located at the point of convergence.
  • The forces applied to the tripod when an operator is suspended by a strap can be absorbed essentially by the first vertical foot which is given a larger cross section than the other feet. The tripod is generally lighter than earlier tripods and can be transported and mounted more easily. Despite its lightness, it is stronger than previous tripods because the force applied, via a strap to which an operator is suspended, may have only a very small lever compared to the first foot . In particular, when the user descends along a ladder disposed in the axis of the first foot, he is reassured with a force as great as that which he would have with a conventional tripod twice as high.

Pour que l'entreposage du tripode prenne moins de place, le sommet est constitué d'une plaque en U montée coulissante sur le premier pied avec possibilité de l'y immobiliser en une position quelconque le long du premier pied par un moyen d'immobilisation et les trois pieds peuvent avoir la même longueur totale, c'est-à-dire la longueur allant d'une extrémité d'un pied à l'autre. Pour l'entreposage, on met le sommet à l'extrémité supérieure du premier pied et on rabat les deux autres pieds sur le premier pied après les avoir séparés de leurs crampons.For the storage of the tripod takes up less space, the top consists of a U-shaped plate slidably mounted on the first foot with the possibility of immobilizing it at any position along the first foot by an immobilizing means and the three legs may have the same total length, i.e. the length from one end of one foot to the other. For storage, put the top at the top end of the first foot and fold the other two feet on the first foot after separating them from their crampons.

Suivant un mode de réalisation facilitant l'arrimage d'une sangle, le premier pied porte un moyen d'arrimage d'une sangle, tel qu'un anneau, de préférence au-dessus du sommet, ce dernier étant en une position intermédiaire sur le premier pied.According to an embodiment facilitating the securing of a strap, the first foot carries a securing means of a strap, such as a ring, preferably above the top, the latter being in an intermediate position on the first foot.

Les trois pieds sont de préférence munis à l'extrémité libre basse de moyens d'immobilisation, notamment sous forme de crampons. Mais pour faciliter la pose, les moyens d'immobilisation peuvent être des patins de frottement la stabilité du tripode étant assurée par deux entretoises articulées sur le premier pied et montées respectivement coulissantes sur les deux autres piedsThe three legs are preferably provided at the low free end of immobilization means, in particular in the form of crampons. But to facilitate the installation, the immobilization means can be friction pads stability of the tripod being provided by two spacers articulated on the first foot and respectively mounted sliding on the other two feet

De préférence, les extrémités proximales, c'est à dire du côté opposé à leur extrémité libre, desdits deux autres pieds sont solidaires de la plaque en U, de sorte que l'on peut, par coulissement de cette plaque régler le diamètre du tripode et s'adapter à différents trous d'homme.Preferably, the proximal ends, that is to say the side opposite their free end, said two other feet are integral with the U-shaped plate, so that it is possible, by sliding of this plate to adjust the diameter of the tripod and adapt to different manholes.

Le haut de l'échelle peut être plus près de l'extrémité libre du premier pied que de l'extrémité libre d'un autre pied. De préférence, l'installation est symétrique par rapport à un plan vertical passant par le milieu de l'échelle.The top of the ladder may be closer to the free end of the first foot than to the free end of another foot. Preferably, the installation is symmetrical with respect to a vertical plane passing through the middle of the scale.

La figure 1 illustre une installation suivant l'invention, tandis que la figure 2 montre certaines caractéristiques optionnelles telles que les patins de frottement, sur une installation qui ne correspond pas entièrement à l'invention, et la figure 3 est une vue en perspective du tripode de la figure 2 à l'état replié.The figure 1 illustrates an installation according to the invention, while the figure 2 shows some optional features such as friction pads, on an installation that does not fully correspond to the invention, and the figure 3 is a perspective view of the tripod of the figure 2 in the folded state.

L'installation représentée à la figure 1 comprend un trou d'homme 1 cylindrique de section circulaire qui a une échelle 2 fixée sur la paroi latérale intérieure.The installation represented at figure 1 comprises a cylindrical manhole 1 of circular section which has a scale 2 fixed on the inner side wall.

Au dessus de l'ouverture du trou d'homme est monté de manière amovible un tripode qui comprend un premier pied 3 et deux autres pieds 4 et 5. Les trois pieds 3, 4 et 5 convergent en un point de convergence 6 se trouvant en une position intermédiaire sur le premier pied 3, plus près de l'extrémité 7 supérieure que de l'extrémité 8 inférieure du pied 3.Above the opening of the manhole is removably mounted a tripod which comprises a first foot 3 and two other feet 4 and 5. The three legs 3, 4 and 5 converge at a point of convergence 6 being in an intermediate position on the first foot 3, closer to the upper end 7 than the lower end 8 of the foot 3.

La longueur du premier pied 3, allant du point de convergence 6 à l'extrémité 8 inférieure, est plus petite que la longueur des pieds 4 et 5, allant du point de convergence 6 à leur extrémité 9, 10 inférieure.The length of the first leg 3, from the point of convergence 6 to the lower end 8, is smaller than the length of the legs 4 and 5, from the point of convergence 6 to their lower end 9, 10.

La section transversale des pieds 4 et 5 est plus petite que celle du premier pied 3. Les pieds 4 et 5 ont une section transversale circulaire, alors que le pied 3 a une section transversale carrée.The cross section of the feet 4 and 5 is smaller than that of the first foot 3. The feet 4 and 5 have a circular cross section, while the foot 3 has a square cross section.

A l'extrémité 7 supérieure du pied 3 est prévu un moyen 15 d'accrochage d'une sangle ou longe d'arrêt de chute, la sangle n'étant pas représentée.At the upper end 7 of the foot 3 is provided a hooking means 15 of a strap or fall arrest lanyard, the strap is not shown.

Les pieds 4, 5 sont articulés au point de convergence 6 et, par leur extrémité 9, 10 inférieure, à des crampons 11 , 12 ce qui permet d'adapter le tripode à des ouvertures de diamètres différents du trou d'homme.The feet 4, 5 are hinged at the point of convergence 6 and, at their lower end 9, 10, to studs 11, 12 which allows to adapt the tripod to openings of different diameters of the manhole.

Le premier pied 3 a à son extrémité 8 inférieure un crampon 13 permettant de l'immobiliser sur le bord de l'ouverture du trou d'homme en une position correspondant au milieu de l'échelle 2, c'est-à-dire dans le plan vertical médian entre les deux montants de l'échelle 2.The first foot 3 has at its lower end 8 a crampon 13 to immobilize it on the edge of the opening of the manhole at a position corresponding to the middle of the scale 2, that is to say in the median vertical plane between the two uprights of scale 2.

Le point de convergence 6 est formé par une plaque 6 en U montée coulissante sur le premier pied 3 avec possibilité de l'y immobiliser par une molette 14. Les deux pieds 4 et 5 sont articulés sur des goussets 16 solidaires d'axes 17 verticaux montés fous sur la plaque 6.The convergence point 6 is formed by a U-shaped plate 6 slidably mounted on the first foot 3 with the possibility of immobilizing it therein by means of a wheel 14. The two feet 4 and 5 are articulated on gussets 16 integral with vertical axes 17 mounted crazy on the plate 6.

Les pieds 4 et 5 ont la même longueur totale que le pied 3, d'une extrémité libre à l'autre.The feet 4 and 5 have the same total length as the foot 3, from one free end to the other.

L'installation de la figure 2 diffère de celle de la figure 1 notamment en ce que les crampons aux extrémités des pieds 4, 5 sont remplacés par des patins 18 à coefficient de friction élevé et en ce qu'il est prévu deux entretoises 19 et 20 articulées au pied 3 par des chapes 21 fixées sur le pied et montées respectivement sur des chapes 22 coulissant sur les pieds 4, 5.The installation of the figure 2 differs from that of figure 1 in particular in that the cleats at the ends of the feet 4, 5 are replaced by pads 18 with a high coefficient of friction and in that there are provided two spacers 19 and 20 hinged to the foot 3 by clevises 21 fixed to the foot and mounted respectively on clevises 22 sliding on the feet 4, 5.

Cet agencement permet de bien assurer la stabilité du tripode déployé tout en permettant de le replier comme représenté à la figure 3 de manière à ce qu'il prenne peu de place.This arrangement makes it possible to ensure the stability of the deployed tripod while allowing it to be folded as shown in FIG. figure 3 so that it takes up little space.

Claims (9)

  1. Installation comprising a manhole (1) having a ladder (2) fixed to a side wall and, above the manhole (1), a tripod having a first foot (3) and two other feet (4, 5), converging at a point (6) of convergence,
    the first foot (3) being vertical and immobilized on the edge of the opening of the manhole (1), characterized in that the point of convergence consists of a U-shaped plate (6) mounted to slide on the first foot (3) with the possibility of immobilizing it there by an immobilization means (14).
  2. Installation according to Claim 1, characterized in that the first foot (3) is immobilized on the edge of the opening of the manhole by a clamp (13).
  3. Installation according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that first foot (3) is immobilized on the edge of the opening of the manhole (1) in the median vertical plane between the two uprights of the ladder (2).
  4. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first foot (3) has a cross section greater than that of the other feet (4, 5) .
  5. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the point (6) of convergence is at an intermediate position on the first foot (3) and the first foot (3) bears a means (15) for mooring a strap above the point (6) of convergence.
  6. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proximal ends, that is to say the ends on the side opposite their free end, of said two other feet (4, 5) are secured to the U-shaped plate (6).
  7. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two other feet (4, 5) are articulated on gussets (16) rotationally secured to vertical axes (17) mounted loosely on the plate (6).
  8. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by two spacers (19, 20) articulated on the first foot (3) and mounted respectively to slide on the two other feet (4, 5), the free ends thereof being provided, preferably, with friction blocks (18).
  9. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is symmetrical about a vertical plane passing through the middle of the ladder (2).
EP09290708.8A 2008-10-07 2009-09-17 System with a tripod for manhole Active EP2175075B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0805523A FR2936821B1 (en) 2008-10-07 2008-10-07 TRIPOD FOR MANHOLE

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2175075A2 EP2175075A2 (en) 2010-04-14
EP2175075A3 EP2175075A3 (en) 2013-03-06
EP2175075B1 true EP2175075B1 (en) 2017-02-22

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EP09290708.8A Active EP2175075B1 (en) 2008-10-07 2009-09-17 System with a tripod for manhole

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FR (1) FR2936821B1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
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Publication number Publication date
EP2175075A2 (en) 2010-04-14
FR2936821A1 (en) 2010-04-09
FR2936821B1 (en) 2014-05-23
EP2175075A3 (en) 2013-03-06

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