EP2054376A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von carbonsäureamiden durch hydrolyse von carbonsäurenitrilen in gegenwart eines mangandioxid umfassenden katalysators - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von carbonsäureamiden durch hydrolyse von carbonsäurenitrilen in gegenwart eines mangandioxid umfassenden katalysatorsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2054376A1 EP2054376A1 EP07803050A EP07803050A EP2054376A1 EP 2054376 A1 EP2054376 A1 EP 2054376A1 EP 07803050 A EP07803050 A EP 07803050A EP 07803050 A EP07803050 A EP 07803050A EP 2054376 A1 EP2054376 A1 EP 2054376A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- range
- manganese dioxide
- reaction
- hydrolysis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- -1 carboxylic acid nitriles Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 150000003857 carboxamides Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 75
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrocyanic acid Natural products N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 30
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- MWFMGBPGAXYFAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical group CC(C)(O)C#N MWFMGBPGAXYFAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002083 X-ray spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006136 alcoholysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WOFDVDFSGLBFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactonitrile Chemical compound CC(O)C#N WOFDVDFSGLBFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 78
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 47
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 47
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 40
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 39
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 35
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 11
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- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 10
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000066 reactive distillation Methods 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000002601 lanthanoid compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 6
- BWLBGMIXKSTLSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(O)=O BWLBGMIXKSTLSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- RWHRFHQRVDUPIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 50867-57-7 Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O.CC(=C)C(O)=O RWHRFHQRVDUPIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ATMLPEJAVWINOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C ATMLPEJAVWINOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 3
- SUSQOBVLVYHIEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylacetonitrile Chemical compound N#CCC1=CC=CC=C1 SUSQOBVLVYHIEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- AYKYOOPFBCOXSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(CC#N)C=C1 AYKYOOPFBCOXSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCO BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DRYMMXUBDRJPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(N)=O DRYMMXUBDRJPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XYVQFUJDGOBPQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl-2-hydoxyisobutyric acid Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)(C)O XYVQFUJDGOBPQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001253 acrylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- SJNALLRHIVGIBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl cyanide Chemical compound C=CCC#N SJNALLRHIVGIBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940023913 cation exchange resins Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MLIREBYILWEBDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanoacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC#N MLIREBYILWEBDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OVARTBFNCCXQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-one;hydrate Chemical compound O.CC(C)=O OVARTBFNCCXQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPHQHTOMRSGBNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=NC=C1 GPHQHTOMRSGBNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940080281 sodium chlorate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PXLIDIMHPNPGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium chromate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O PXLIDIMHPNPGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011697 sodium iodate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015281 sodium iodate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940032753 sodium iodate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium peroxide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][O-] PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000018 strontium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinonitrile Chemical compound N#CCCC#N IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010414 supernatant solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CUPOOAWTRIURFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophene-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CS1 CUPOOAWTRIURFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIERETOOQGIECD-ONEGZZNKSA-N tiglic acid Chemical compound C\C=C(/C)C(O)=O UIERETOOQGIECD-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIYBQIKDCADOSF-ONEGZZNKSA-N trans-pent-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C\C(O)=O YIYBQIKDCADOSF-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002827 triflate group Chemical class FC(S(=O)(=O)O*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/10—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with ester groups or with a carbon-halogen bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/06—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides from nitriles by transformation of cyano groups into carboxamide groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/32—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/34—Manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/06—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides from nitriles by transformation of cyano groups into carboxamide groups
- C07C231/065—By hydration using metals or metallic ions as catalyst
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/09—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides from carboxylic acid esters or lactones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/347—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups
- C07C51/377—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by splitting-off hydrogen or functional groups; by hydrogenolysis of functional groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/18—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by conversion of a group containing nitrogen into an ester group
- C07C67/20—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by conversion of a group containing nitrogen into an ester group from amides or lactams
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/52—Esters of acyclic unsaturated carboxylic acids having the esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
- C07C69/533—Monocarboxylic acid esters having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C07C69/54—Acrylic acid esters; Methacrylic acid esters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to processes for the preparation of carboxylic acid amides by hydrolysis of carbonitriles in the presence of a catalyst comprising manganese dioxide. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of alkyl (meth) acrylates.
- carboxylic acid amides by the hydrolysis of carbonitriles in the presence of a catalyst comprising manganese dioxide has long been state of the art.
- Carboxylic acid amides are often needed in the art as an intermediate.
- ⁇ -hydroxyisobutyric acid amide can be used to prepare methacrylic acid or methacrylic acid esters, in particular methyl methacrylate.
- DE 1593320 describes a process for the hydrolysis of nitriles to amides with the aid of manganese dioxide, in which yields of more than 90% were achieved with aliphatic nitriles. This process gives good yields at high speed.
- a disadvantage is the low durability of the catalyst. In continuous processes, therefore, the production must be interrupted after a short time to replace the catalyst. This process is associated with very high costs, whereby the productivity of the entire process is reduced by the interruption.
- the patent JP 09104665 describes the production of active ⁇ -manganese dioxide and defines its activity by the size of the surface.
- the catalyst described herein shows a very high activity.
- EP 379 111 A2 describes the hydrolysis of ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid nitriles in the presence of manganese dioxide catalysts which have a high content of alkali metals. Due to this high content of alkali metals, these catalysts show a particularly high activity and durability.
- the hydrolysis can be carried out in particular at a pH in the range from 4 to 8. However, a pH in this range does not lead to a long shelf life of the catalysts without the use of the catalysts specified in more detail in this document (compare EP 379 111 A2, Comparative Example 1).
- EP 545 697 A1 discloses the use of certain heteropoly acids to improve the life of the catalyst. Further improvement in the durability of the catalyst can be achieved through the use of promoters.
- the compounds are added to the system during the reaction.
- the pH in the hydrolysis reaction should be less than 4, otherwise the acetone cyanohydrin used will reduce the life of the catalyst. At pH values above 4, the acetone cyanohydrin used can easily disintegrate, which may give rise to by-products which impair the catalyst properties.
- EP 379 111 A2 cf., EP 545 697 A1, page 3, lines 3 to 6).
- EP 433 611 A1 describes the use of oxidizing agents for stabilizing the catalysts.
- EP 945 429 A1 describes the use of oxidizing agents to extend catalyst life, with further improvement being achieved by the addition of small amounts of amines.
- An adjustment of the pH value to a predetermined value is not described in any of the documents EP 433 611 A1 and EP 945 429 A1, in which Improvement of the durability of catalysts can be achieved solely by the use of amines according to the document EP 773 212 A1. Therefore, the improvement described in EP 945 429 A1 does not result in an adjustment of the pH but rather in the combination of the teachings of documents EP 773 212 A1 and EP 433 611 A1.
- the inventive method can be achieved by the inventive method, a number of other advantages.
- the method can be carried out particularly efficiently and inexpensively, since in a continuous operation of the system only a business interruption to replace the catalyst is rarely necessary.
- the inventive method allows the efficient production of carboxylic acid amides.
- carbonitriles are used which generally have groups of the formula -CN.
- Carboxylic acid amides comprise at least one group of the formula -CONH 2 . These compounds are known in the art and described for example in Römpp Chemie Lexikon 2nd edition on CD-ROM.
- starting materials in particular aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbonitriles, saturated or unsaturated carbonitriles and aromatic and heterocyclic carbonitriles can be used.
- the carbonitriles to be used as starting materials may have one, two or more nitrile groups. Furthermore, you can also
- Carbon Taritrile be used which have heteroatoms, in particular halogen atoms, such as chlorine, bromine, fluorine, oxygen, sulfur and or nitrogen atoms in the aromatic or aliphatic radical.
- halogen atoms such as chlorine, bromine, fluorine, oxygen, sulfur and or nitrogen atoms in the aromatic or aliphatic radical.
- Particularly suitable carbonitriles preferably comprise from 2 to 100, preferably from 3 to 20, and very preferably from 3 to 5, carbon atoms.
- the aliphatic carbonitriles each having a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group include acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, valeronitrile, isovaleronitrile, capronitrile and other saturated mononitriles; Malononitrile, succinonitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile and other saturated dinitriles; ⁇ -
- the aromatic carboxylic acid nitriles include, among others, benzonitrile, o-, m- and p-chlorobenzonitrile, o-, m- and p-fluorobenzonitrile, o-, m- and p-nitrobenzonitrile, p-aminobenzonitrile, 4-cyano-phenol, o -, m- and p-tolunitrile, 2,4-dichlorobenzonitrile, 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile, 2,6-difluoro-benzonitrile, anisonitrile, a-naphthonitrile, ß-naphthonitrile and other aromatic mononitriles: phthalonitrile, isophthalonitrile, terephthalonitrile and others aromatic dinitriles; Benzyl cyanide, cinnamoyl nitrile, phenylacetonitrile, mandelonitrile, p-hydroxyphen
- the heterocyclic carbonitriles include, in particular, nitrile compounds each having a heterocyclic group containing a 5- or 6-membered ring and having at least one atom selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom as a heteroatom such as 2-thiophenecarbonitrile, 2-furonitrile and other nitriles each having a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom as a hetero atom; 2-cyanopyridine, 3-cyanopyridine, 4-cyanopyridine, cyanopyrazine and other nitriles each containing a nitrogen atom as a hetero atom; 5-cyanoindole and other condensed heterocycles; Cyano-piperidine, cyanopiperazine and other hydrogenated heterocyclic nitriles and condensed heterocyclic nitriles.
- nitrile compounds each having a heterocyclic group containing a 5- or 6-membered ring and having at least one atom selected from the
- carboxylic acid nitriles include, in particular, ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid nitriles (cyanohydrins), for example hydroxyacetonitrile, 2-hydroxy-4-methylthio-butyronitrile, ⁇ -hydroxy- ⁇ -methylthiobutyronitrile (4-methylthio-2-hydroxybutyronitrile), 2-hydroxypropionitrile (lactonitrile ) and 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionitrile (acetone cyanohydrin), with acetone cyanohydrin being particularly preferred.
- cyanohydrins ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid nitriles
- cyanohydrins cyanohydrins
- cyanohydrins for example hydroxyacetonitrile, 2-hydroxy-4-methylthio-butyronitrile, ⁇ -hydroxy- ⁇ -methylthiobutyronitrile (4-methylthio-2-hydroxybutyronitrile), 2-hydroxypropionitrile (lactonitrile ) and 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionit
- the hydrolysis of the carbonitrile is carried out according to the invention in the presence of a catalyst comprising manganese dioxide.
- a catalyst comprising manganese dioxide.
- the stoichiometric composition of natural and synthetic manganese dioxide may be in the range between MnO ij to MnC> 2, o by the incorporation of manganese of other valence states into the crystal lattice.
- Manganese dioxide exists in several allotropic modifications. They differ greatly in the behavior as a catalyst. For pyrolysite (beta-manganese dioxide), the most stable modification, the crystallinity is highest. The crystallinity is less pronounced in the further modifications and goes as far as amorphous products, which among others include alpha- or delta-MnC> 2 . By X-ray diffraction the modifications can be assigned.
- the chemically and catalytically particularly active forms of manganese dioxide may be partially hydrated and additionally contain hydroxyl groups.
- the manganese dioxide-comprising catalyst may comprise further compounds or ions. These include, in particular, alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal ions which are introduced into the crystal lattice during production or deposited on the surface of the catalyst.
- the preferred alkali metal ions include in particular lithium, sodium and / or potassium ions.
- the preferred alkaline earth metal ions include, in particular, calcium and magnesium ions.
- the content of alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal may preferably be less than 0.6 atoms per atom of manganese.
- the atomic ratio of alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal to manganese is in the range of 0.01: 1 to 0.5: 1, more preferably in the range of 0.05: 1 to 0.4: 1.
- the catalyst comprising manganese dioxide may contain promoters which may also be incorporated into the crystal lattice or deposited on the surface of the catalyst.
- promoters include Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Zn, Ga, In, Ge, Sn, and Pt, among others.
- the content of promoters may preferably be less than 0.3 atoms per atom of manganese.
- the atomic ratio of promoter to manganese is in the range of 0.001: 1 to 0.2: 1, more preferably in the range of 0.005: 1 to 0.1: 1.
- the catalyst comprising manganese dioxide may contain from 0.01 to 10% by weight. %, more preferably 0.1 to 5 wt.% promoters, which size is measured by weight as metal or metal ion.
- suitable catalysts may comprise proportions of SiO 2 or other binders in order to increase the mechanical stability, as set out, for example, in EP-A-0 956 898.
- catalysts include, for example, 0.0 to 25 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 to 2 wt .-% SiO 2 ; 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 2 to 7 wt .-% K 2 O; From 0.0 to 5% by weight, in particular from 0.2 to 4% by weight, of ZrO 2 and from 75 to 99% by weight, in particular from 85 to 98% by weight, of MnO 2 .
- the catalyst may comprise further elements as stated above.
- the composition of the catalysts can be determined by semiquantitative X-ray fluorescence analysis.
- Preferred manganese dioxide-comprising catalysts have in the X-ray spectrum (XRD) measured as a powder at least one reflection in the range of 32.0 to 42.0 °.
- the X-ray spectra can be obtained, for example, with an Xpert pro device from Panalytical.
- This reflection in the range of 32.0 to 42.0 ° particularly preferably has the highest intensity with respect to the further intensities in the range of 20 ° to 65 °, measured as the maximum of the reflection.
- Particularly preferred catalysts show a low crystallinity, which can be seen inter alia from the X-ray spectrum.
- the structure of particularly preferred catalysts may be structural number 44-0141 or 72-1982, which is set forth in ICDD (International Center for Diffraction Data), with the catalysts having a structure according to 44-0141 being particularly preferred.
- the alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal ions and the promoters can be added in the preparation of the catalysts, for example in the form of salts.
- halides, nitrates, sulfates, carbonates, phosphates and hydroxides of the abovementioned substances can be used, preferably compounds which are soluble in water.
- the manganese dioxide can catalyst comprising at least 50 wt .-%, particularly preferably comprise at least 80 wt .-% of manganese dioxide with an empirical formula of MnO x, where x is in the range of 1.7 to 2.0.
- the catalyst comprising manganese dioxide may have a specific surface area (BET) in the range from 50 to 1000 m 2 per g, more preferably 100 to 300 m 2 per g and most preferably 150 to 250 m 2 per g , which is determined according to the test specification DIN66131.
- BET specific surface area
- the catalyst can be used, for example, in the form of powder or granules, it being possible for the particle size to be frequently dependent on the reaction vessel used.
- the preparation of the catalysts comprising manganese dioxide described above is known per se and set forth, for example, in EP-A-0 379 111, EP-A-0 956 898, EP-A-0545697 and EP-A-0 433 611.
- the catalysts comprising manganese dioxide to be used according to the invention can preferably be obtained by oxidation of Mn 2+ salts, for example MnSO 4 with permanganates, for example potassium permanganate (cf Biochem.J., 50 p 43 (1951) and J. Chem. Soc, p. 2189, 1953).
- suitable Manganese dioxide can be obtained by electrolytic oxidation of manganese sulfate in aqueous solution.
- Catalysts having structures according to 44-0141 can be obtained, for example, by reacting an aqueous solution with 0.71 mol of Mn (II) SO 4 (a total of 15% by weight of Mn 2+ in solution), 0.043 mol of Zr (IV ) (SCU) 2 , 0.488mol conc. Sulfuric acid and 13.24 mol of water at 70 0 C rapidly to a solution of 1.09 mol KMnO 4 in 64.5 mol of water.
- the supernatant solution with the precipitate formed can be heated to 90 ° C. for 3 hours.
- the precipitate can subsequently be filtered off, washed four times with one liter of water and dried at 110 ° C. for 12 hours.
- the reaction mixture given to the catalyst comprising manganese dioxide has a pH in the range from 6.0 to 11.0, preferably 6.5 to 10.0 and very particularly preferably 8.5 to 9.5.
- the pH value in this context is defined as the negative decadic logarithm of the activity of the oxonium ions (H 3 O + ).
- This size is therefore dependent inter alia on the temperature, with this size refers to the reaction temperature.
- electrical meters pH meters
- a mixture of the commonly used reactants generally has a pH in the range from 3 to 5.5. Therefore, it is preferable to add a basic substance to adjust the pH of the reaction mixture.
- a basic substance to adjust the pH of the reaction mixture.
- hydroxides or oxides which are particularly preferably formed by alkaline earth metals or alkali metals. These include, inter alia, Ca (OH) 2 and Mg (OH) 2 , MgO, CaO, NaOH, KOH, LiOH or Li 2 O. Most preferably, LiOH or Li 2 O is used here.
- amines can also be used to adjust the pH. However, it has been found that the use of amines can have a detrimental effect on the life of the catalyst.
- the proportion of amines in particular for adjusting the pH Value in the reaction mixture, preferably at most 0.1 wt .-%, particularly preferably at most 0.01 wt .-% and most preferably at most 0.001 wt .-%. In a particular aspect, no substantial amount of amine is added to adjust the pH of the reaction mixture.
- the catalyst comprising manganese dioxide has many amphoteric properties, therefore, the pH of the reaction mixture in the reaction is greatly influenced by the type and amount of the catalyst.
- the expression "the reaction mixture comprising the manganese dioxide” shows that the pH is measured without the presence of the catalyst
- the other constituents of the reaction mixture include, for example, solvent, water, carbonitrile, etc.
- lithium compounds in particular water-soluble lithium salts, may be added to the reaction mixture, for example LiCl, LiBr, Li 2 SO 4 , LiOH and / or Li 2 O.
- concentration of lithium compounds is preferably in the range from 0.001 to 5% by weight .-%, particularly preferably 0.01 wt .-% to 1 wt .-%. The addition may be during or before the hydrolysis reaction.
- oxidizing agents are well known in the art. These oxidizing agents include, among others, oxygen-containing gases; Peroxides, for example hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), sodium peroxide, potassium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, calcium peroxide, barium peroxide, benzoyl peroxide and diacetyl peroxide; Peracids or salts of peracids, for example performic acid, peracetic acid, sodium persulfate, ammonium persulfate and potassium persulfate; and oxo acids or salts of oxo acids, for example periodic acid, potassium periodate, sodium periodate, perchloric acid, potassium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, potassium chlorate, sodium chlorate, potassium bromate, Sodium iodate, iodic acid, sodium hypochlorite, permanganate salts,
- the amount of oxidizing agent used can be in a wide range, with the reactants and products not being oxidized by the oxidizing agent. Therefore, the oxidation sensitivity of these substances may limit the use of the oxidizing agents. The lower limit results from the improvement in the durability of the catalyst to be achieved.
- the molar ratio of oxidizing agent to carbonitrile is preferably in the range from 0.001: 1 to 2: 1, particularly preferably from 0.01: 1 to 1.5: 1.
- oxidizing agents can be added to the reaction mixture, for example, as a solution and / or as a gas.
- gases which comprise oxygen as the oxidizing agent.
- the gas may contain molecular oxygen (O2) or ozone (O3).
- the gas used as oxidizing agent may contain other gases, in particular inert gases, such as nitrogen or noble gases.
- the gas may preferably comprise from 50 to 98% by volume of inert gas and from 2 to 50% by volume of molecular oxygen (O 2).
- the preferred gases include in particular air.
- the amount of oxygen comprising oxygen passed through the reaction mixture can preferably be in the range from 1 to 5000, particularly preferably in the range from 10 to 1000 liters / hour, based on 1 kg of manganese dioxide-comprising catalyst.
- the water which is necessary for the hydrolysis of the carbonitrile, can be widely used as a solvent.
- the molar ratio of water to carbonitrile is at least 1, more preferably the molar ratio of Water to carbonitrile in the range of 0.5: 1-25: 1, and most preferably in the range of 1: 1-10: 1.
- the water used for the hydrolysis can have a high degree of purity. However, this property is not mandatory. Thus, in addition to fresh water and process water can be used, which includes more or less high amounts of impurities. Accordingly, recycled water can also be used for the hydrolysis.
- Carbonklaitrils be present. These include u.a. Carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones, especially those which have been used for the preparation of preferably used as carbonitrile cyanohydrins. For example, acetone and / or acetaldehyde may be included in the reaction mixture. This is described for example in US 4018829-A.
- the purity of the added aldehydes and / or ketones is generally not particularly critical. Accordingly, these substances may contain impurities, in particular alcohols, for example methanol, water and / or ⁇ -hydroxy-isobutyrate (HIBSM).
- alcohols for example methanol, water and / or ⁇ -hydroxy-isobutyrate (HIBSM).
- the amount of carbonyl compounds in particular acetone and / or acetaldehyde, can be used in the reaction mixture in a wide range.
- the carbonyl compound is used in an amount in the range of 0.1-6 moles, preferably 0.1-2 moles per mole of carbonitrile.
- the temperature at which the hydrolysis reaction is carried out may generally be in the range of 10-150 0 C, preferably in the range of 20-100 0 C and most preferably in the range of 30-80 0 C.
- the hydrolysis reaction can be carried out under reduced or elevated pressure, depending on the reaction temperature. Preferably, this reaction is carried out in a pressure range of 0.1-10 bar, more preferably 0.5 to 5 bar.
- the reaction time of the hydrolysis reaction depends, inter alia, on the carboxylic acid nitriles used, the activity of the catalyst and the reaction temperature, which parameter can be within wide limits. Preferably, the reaction time of the hydrolysis reaction is in the range of 30 seconds to 15 hours, more preferably 15 minutes to 10 hours, and most preferably 60 minutes to 5 hours.
- the residence time is preferably 30 seconds to 15 hours, more preferably 15 minutes to 10 hours, and most preferably 60 minutes to 5 hours.
- the loading of the catalyst with carbonitrile can be in a wide range.
- 0.01 to 2.0, particularly preferably 0.05 to 1.0 and most preferably 0.1 to 0.4 g of carbonitrile per g of catalyst per hour are used.
- the reaction can be carried out, for example, in a fixed bed reactor or in a slurry reactor. If gases are used as the oxidizing agent, in particular so-called trickle bed reactors can be used, which allow good contact of gas, solid and liquid.
- trickle bed reactors the catalyst is arranged in the form of a fixed bed.
- the trickle bed reactor (Trickle Bed Reactor) can be operated in DC or countercurrent mode.
- the reaction mixture obtained in this way can generally comprise, in addition to the desired carboxylic acid amide, further constituents, in particular unconverted carbonitrile, and optionally used acetone and / or acetaldehyde. Accordingly, the reaction mixture can be purified, wherein, for example, unreacted cyanohydrin can be cleaved in acetone and hydrogen cyanide in order to use these again for the preparation of the cyanohydrin. The same applies to the separated acetone and / or acetaldehyde. Furthermore, the reaction mixture comprising purified carboxylic acid amide may be purified by ion exchange columns of other ingredients.
- cation exchangers and anion exchangers can be used for this purpose.
- Suitable ion exchangers for this purpose are known per se.
- suitable cation exchangers can be obtained by sulfonation of styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers.
- Basic anion exchangers include quaternary ammonium groups covalently bonded to styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers.
- the carbonitrile used for the hydrolysis can be obtained in any way.
- the purity of the carbonitrile, for example cyanohydrin is generally not critical.
- purified or unpurified carbonitrile can be used for the hydrolysis reaction.
- cyanohydrins for example, a ketone, in particular acetone, or an aldehyde, for example acetaldehyde, propanal, butanal can be reacted with hydrocyanic acid to give the corresponding cyanohydrin. It is particularly preferred to react acetone and / or acetaldehyde in a typical manner using a small amount of alkali or an amine as the catalyst.
- the amines used to catalyze this reaction may preferably be used in the form of basic ion exchange resins.
- the carbonitrile may preferably be obtained by reacting a ketone or aldehyde with hydrocyanic acid in the presence of a basic catalyst.
- a basic catalyst an alkali metal hydroxide, wherein the amount of basic catalyst is preferably selected so that the pH of the mixture used for the hydrolysis reaction to a Value is set in the range of 6.0 to 11.0, preferably 6.5 to 10.0 and most preferably 8.5 to 9.5.
- the hydrolysis reaction of the present invention can serve, in particular, as an intermediate step in processes for the preparation of (meth) acrylic acids, in particular acrylic acid (propenoic acid) and methacrylic acid (2-methylpropenoic acid) and of alkyl (meth) acrylates. Accordingly, the present invention also provides a process for the preparation of methyl methacrylate which comprises a hydrolysis step according to a process of the present invention.
- alkyl (meth) acrylates can be obtained in a simple and cost-effective manner by processes comprising the following steps:
- Steps A) and B) have been detailed above.
- the ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid thus obtained can be converted to the ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid alkyl ester become.
- This can be done for example by the use of alkyl formates.
- Particularly suitable is methyl formate or a mixture of methanol and carbon monoxide, this reaction being described by way of example in EP-A-0407811.
- the reaction of the ⁇ -hydroxycarboxamide is preferably carried out by alcoholysis with an alcohol which preferably comprises 1-10 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- Preferred alcohols are i.a. Methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, in particular n-butanol and 2-methyl-1-propanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, 2-ethylhexanol, octanol, nonanol and decanol.
- Methanol is particularly preferably used as ethanol and / or ethanol, with methanol being very particularly preferred.
- the reaction of carboxylic acid amides with alcohols to obtain carboxylic acid esters is well known.
- the molar ratio of ⁇ -hydroxycarboxamide to alcohol is not critical per se, and is preferably in the range of 1: 3 to 20: 1. Most suitably, this ratio is in the range from 1: 2 to 15: 1 and more preferably in the range from 1: 1 to 10: 1.
- the reaction temperature can also be in wide ranges, with the reaction rate generally increasing with increasing temperature.
- the upper temperature limit generally results from the boiling point of the alcohol used.
- the reaction temperature is in the range of 40-300 0 C, more preferably 160-240 0 C.
- the reaction can be carried out under reduced or elevated pressure, depending on the reaction temperature.
- this reaction is carried out in a pressure range of 0.5-200 bar, particularly suitably in a range of 1 to 100 bar and particularly preferably 5 to 30 bar.
- the reaction between alpha-hydroxycarboxamide and alcohol can be carried out in a pressure reactor.
- This basically means a reaction space which allows it during the conversion To maintain a positive pressure.
- Overpressure in this context means a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, ie in particular greater than 1 bar.
- the pressure can be in a range from greater than 1 bar to less than or equal to 100 bar.
- the pressure during both the reaction / alcoholysis of the alpha-hydroxycarboxamide and during the separation / removal of the ammonia from the product mixture may be greater than atmospheric pressure or greater than 1 bar. Therefore, the resulting in the reaction of ammonia from the mixture can be distilled off under a pressure of greater than 1 bar, which can be completely dispensed with the use of aids such as strip gas for distillative removal of ammonia.
- the product mixture can be depleted not only in ammonia but also in unreacted alcohol.
- a product mixture results, inter alia, with the components, which are in principle very difficult to separate from one another, ammonia and methanol.
- the said two components are removed directly as a mixture of substances from the product mixture.
- the two substances are then subjected to a separation operation, for example, a rectification.
- the two components alcohol (methanol) and ammonia can be separated from the product mixture in one process and at the same time the two constituents ammonia and alcohol (methanol) can still be separated from one another.
- reaction step and the removal of the ammonia / alcohol from the product mixture can be spatially separated and carried out in different aggregates.
- a ') Eduktstöme comprising as starting materials an alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid, an alcohol and a catalyst fed into a pressure reactor;
- c ') discharging the product mixture resulting from step b') comprising alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid ester, unreacted alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid amide and catalyst from the pressure reactor; and
- a particularly expedient process modification can be provided by reacting (bl) the starting materials in the pressure reactor at a pressure in the range from 5 bar to 70 bar; bl) the product mixture resulting from step b1) is expanded to a pressure less than the pressure in the pressure reactor and greater than 1 bar; c1) feeding the relaxed product mixture resulting from step b2) into a distillation column; c2) distilling off ammonia and alcohol overhead in the distillation column, the pressure in the distillation column being kept in the range from greater than 1 bar to less than or equal to 10 bar; and dl) from step c2) resulting ammonia and alcohol depleted product mixture comprising alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid ester, unreacted alpha-hydroxycarboxamide and catalyst discharged from the column.
- reaction of the reactants and separation of ammonia / alcohol take place in two different spatially separated agglomerates. gregates instead.
- reactor / reaction space and separation unit for the separation of ammonia / alcohol from the product mixture are separated from each other.
- This has the advantage that one can use different pressure ranges for the reaction / reaction of the educts and the subsequent separation of ammonia / alcohol.
- the quality features mentioned can be further improved by repeating the reaction in the pressure reactor once or several times with the product mixture depleted in ammonia and alcohol in the bottom of the separation column (pressure distillation column), the reaction step being shifted to a plurality of pressure reactors connected in series are.
- a process variant which is characterized in that e) the product mixture discharged in step d1) is compressed to a pressure in the range from 5 to 70 bar is particularly preferred. f) the thus compressed according to step e) compressed mixture for reaction in another pressure reactor and react again; and g) repeating steps b2), c1), c2) and d1) according to the aforementioned list.
- This process step can be repeated as desired, for example, three to four repetitions are particularly favorable.
- preference is given to a process which is characterized in that the reaction in the pressure reactor, the expansion of the reacted mixture, the feed to the first distillation column, the depletion of ammonia and alcohol in the first distillation column, the removal of the depleted mixture, compression and Feed of the depleted mixture into a further pressure reactor is repeated several times, wherein a n-fold depleted in ammonia and alcohol product mixture is obtained at the bottom of the pressure distillation column depending on the number n of series-connected pressure reactors.
- n can be a positive integer greater than zero.
- n is in the range of 2 to 10.
- An expedient method modification provides that the above-mentioned and defined steps e) to g) are repeated several times.
- Very specific process variants comprise carrying out the reaction and depletion four times using four series-connected pressure reactors to give a product mixture which has been depleted in ammonia and alcohol four times. Accordingly, this process variant is characterized in that steps e) to g) are repeated at least twice so that the reaction is carried out in total in at least four pressure reactors connected in series.
- the pressure distillation column in general, and preferably a temperature in the range of about 50 0 C to about 160 0 C may have.
- the exact temperature is typically set by the boiling system as a function of the prevailing pressure conditions.
- the temperature in the reactor is preferably in the range of about 120 0 C - 240 0 C. It is particularly useful to lower the temperature from reactor to reactor, for example in steps in the range of 3 - 15 ° C, preferably 4 - 10 0th C and especially useful in 5 ° C increments. As a result, the selectivity of the reaction is positively influenced.
- Another measure to increase the selectivity may also be to reduce the reactor volume from reactor to reactor. With decreasing reactor volume with increasing conversion one likewise obtains an improved selectivity.
- the distance of the removal point to the bottom (column bottom) of the column is used for orientation as a relative location.
- the expanded product mixture according to step cl) it is particularly expedient for the expanded product mixture according to step cl) to be fed closer to the bottom of the distillation column after each reaction in a pressure reactor, based on the feed point of the feed of the previous step c1).
- Hydroxycarbon Tartarimids is carried out with the alcohol of the removal of thereby resulting inter alia ammonia in two spatially separate but connected aggregates, it may be preferred in a further process modification, the reaction step and the removal step in a single unit vorzu- to take. Pressure reactor and pressure distillation column are realized in a single unit, fall together, so to speak.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention comprises carrying out steps a) to c) simultaneously in a reactive distillation column at a pressure in the range from 5 bar to 40 bar.
- Particularly useful is a method which is characterized in that one carries out the steps a) to c) simultaneously in a Reoxiddestillationsko- lonne at a pressure in the range of 10 bar to 30 bar.
- the reaction of the educts is carried out in a reactive distillation column designed as a pressure column, and the ammonia formed is continuously distilled off via the top of the column during the reaction.
- a reactive distillation column designed as a pressure column
- the ammonia formed is continuously distilled off via the top of the column during the reaction.
- any multi-stage pressure-resistant reactive distillation column can be used which preferably has two or more separation stages.
- Such reactive distillation are explained in more detail in connection with step D), which can also be used for the reaction of the carboxylic acid amide with an alcohol.
- the ammonia-depleted product mixture has inter alia the desired alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid ester.
- the product mixture depleted in ammonia is withdrawn via the bottom of the reactive distillation column and fed to a further second distillation column, where the alcohol is distilled off via the top of the column to give a mixture depleted in both ammonia and alcohol and preferably recycled to a reactor.
- a process is preferred in which the mixture depleted in ammonia and alcohol is discharged via the bottom of the further distillation column and fed to a further distillation column which is distilled off the overhead of the alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid ester and the resulting mixture of ammonia, alcohol and alpha-hydroxycarboxylic ester depleted mixture, optionally after further purification steps, recycled to the reactor.
- the alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid ester product obtained from the top of the column is of high purity and can, for example, be passed on in an extremely advantageous manner to further reaction steps for the recovery of alkyl (meth) acrylates.
- the distillation apparatus preferably has at least one region, called a reactor, in which at least one catalyst is provided.
- This reactor may, as described, preferably be within the distillation column.
- the reaction it may be advantageous if at most 10 wt .-%, preferably at most 5 wt .-% and particularly preferably at most 1 wt .-% of the alcohol in the reaction phase are removed from the reaction system via the gas phase.
- the reaction can be carried out particularly inexpensively.
- This reaction can be accelerated, for example, by basic catalysts.
- These include homogeneous catalysts as well as heterogeneous catalysts.
- Homogeneous catalysts include alkali metal alcoholates and organometallic compounds of titanium, tin and aluminum. Preference is given to using a titanium alcoholate or tin alkoxide, such as, for example, titanium tetraisopropoxide or tin tetrabutyloxide.
- the heterogeneous catalysts include magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and basic ion exchangers, as described above.
- water-resistant lanthanoid compounds as catalysts.
- the use of this type of homogeneous catalysts leads to surprisingly advantageous results.
- the term "water-resistant” means that the catalyst retains its catalytic ability in the presence of water, Accordingly, the reaction of the present invention can be carried out in the presence of up to 2% by weight of water, without thereby significantly reducing the catalytic ability of the catalyst
- the term "essential” means that the reaction rate and / or the selectivity decreases by at most 50%, based on the reaction without the presence of water.
- Lanthanoid compounds denote compounds of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and / or Lu. Preference is given to using a lanthanoid compound which comprises lanthanum.
- the lanthanide compound has a solubility in water of at least 1 g / l, preferably at least 10 g / l at 25 0 C.
- Preferred lanthanoid compounds are salts which are preferably present in the oxidation state 3.
- Particularly preferred water-resistant lanthanoid compounds are La (NO 3 ) 3 and / or LaCl 3 . These compounds may be added as salts of the reaction mixture or formed in situ.
- a particular process variant involves using as the catalyst a soluble metal complex containing titanium and / or tin and the alpha-hydroxycarboxamide.
- the catalyst used is a metal trifluoromethanesulfonate.
- the metal is selected from the group consisting of the elements in the groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of the Periodic Table.
- preference is given to using those metal trifluoromethanesulfonates in which the metal corresponds to one or more lanthanides.
- heterogeneous catalysts In addition to the preferred variants of homogeneous catalysis, processes using heterogeneous catalysts may also be appropriate. Magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and basic ion exchangers and the like are among the more successfully used heterogeneous catalysts.
- the catalyst is an insoluble metal oxide which comprises at least one selected from among Sb, Sc, V, La, Ce, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Tc, Re, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Al, Si, Sn, Pb and Bi.
- the catalyst used is an insoluble metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, In, Bi and Te.
- the resulting ammonia is discharged from the reaction system, the reaction is often carried out at the boiling point.
- the ammonia released during alcoholysis can easily be recycled to the overall process.
- ammonia can be converted to hydrocyanic acid with methanol. This is set forth, for example, in EP-A-0941984.
- the hydrocyanic acid can be obtained from ammonia and methane according to the BMA or Andrussow process, these processes being described in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 5th Edition on CD-ROM, keyword "Inorganic Cyano Compounds".
- a next step D the ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid alkyl ester is reacted with (meth) acrylic acid to give alkyl (meth) acrylate and ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid.
- Hydroxycarboxylic acid alkyl esters are reacted with (meth) acrylic acid.
- (meth) acrylic acids are known per se and can be obtained commercially.
- acrylic acid (propenoic acid) and methacrylic acid (2-methylpropenoic acid) include, in particular, derivatives which comprise substituents.
- substituents include, in particular, halogens such as chlorine, fluorine and bromine, and alkyl groups which may preferably comprise 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- ⁇ -methylacrylic acid butenoic acid
- ⁇ -dimethylacrylic acid ⁇ -ethylacrylic acid
- ⁇ -ethylacrylic acid ⁇ -ethylacrylic acid
- methacrylic acid ⁇ -dimethylacrylic acid
- the ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid alkyl esters used for this purpose are known per se, the alcohol radical of the ester preferably comprising 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in particular 1 to 10 carbon atoms and particularly preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- Preferred alcohol radicals are derived in particular from methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, in particular n-butanol and 2-methyl-1-propanol, pentanol, hexanol and 2-ethylhexanol, with methanol and ethanol being particularly preferred.
- the acid radical of the ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid alkyl esters used for the transesterification is preferably derived from the (meth) acrylic acid which can be obtained by dehydration of the ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid. If, for example, methacrylic acid is used, ⁇ -hydroxyisobutyric acid ester is used. If, for example, acrylic acid is used, preference is given to using ⁇ -hydroxyisopropionic acid.
- Preferred ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid alkyl esters are ⁇ -hydroxypropionic acid methyl ester, ⁇ -hydroxypropionic acid ethyl ester, ⁇ -hydroxyisobutyric acid methyl ester and ⁇ -hydroxyisobutyric acid ethyl ester.
- the reaction mixture may include, in addition to the reactants, other ingredients such as solvents, catalysts, polymerization inhibitors, and water.
- the reaction of the alkylhydroxycarboxylic acid ester with (meth) acrylic acid can be catalyzed by at least one acid or at least one base.
- both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts can be used.
- Particularly suitable acidic catalysts are, in particular, inorganic acids, for example sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, and organic acids, for example sulphonic acids, in particular p-toluenesulphonic acid, and acidic cation exchangers.
- Particularly suitable cation exchange resins include in particular sulfonic acid-containing styrene-divinylbenzene polymers.
- Particularly suitable cation exchange resins can be obtained commercially from Rohm & Haas under the trade name Amberlyst® and from Lanxess under the trade name Lewatit®.
- the concentration of catalyst is preferably in the range of 1 to 30 wt .-%, particularly preferably 5 to 15 wt .-%, based on the sum of the ⁇ -alkylhydroxycarboxylic acid ester used and the (meth) acrylic acid used.
- the preferred polymerization inhibitors include phenothiazine, tert-butylcatechol, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, hydroquinone, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinooxyl (TEMPOL) or mixtures thereof; wherein the effectiveness of these inhibitors can be partially improved by the use of oxygen.
- the polymerization inhibitors may be in a concentration in the range of 0.001 to 2.0
- % By weight, more preferably in the range from 0.01 to 0.2% by weight, based on the sum of the ⁇ -alkylhydroxycarboxylic acid ester used and the (meth) acrylic acid used.
- the reaction is preferably carried out at temperatures in the range from 50 ° C. to 200 ° C., more preferably from 70 ° C. to 130 ° C., especially from 80 ° C. to 120 ° C., and very particularly preferably from 90 ° C. to 110 ° C.
- the reaction can be carried out at low or high pressure, depending on the reaction temperature. This reaction is preferably carried out at the pressure range of 0.02-5 bar, in particular 0.2 to 3 bar and particularly preferably 0.3 to 0.5 bar.
- the molar ratio of (meth) acrylic acid to the ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid alkyl ester is preferably in the range of 4: 1-1: 4, in particular 3: 1 to 1: 3 and particularly preferably in the range of 2: 1-1: 2.
- the selectivity is preferably at least 90%, particularly preferably 98%.
- the selectivity is defined as the ratio of the sum of amounts formed of alkyl (meth) acrylates and ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acids, based on the sum of the reacted amounts of ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid alkyl ester and (meth) acrylic acid.
- the transesterification can be carried out in the presence of water.
- the water content is preferably in the range of 0.1-50% by weight, more preferably 0.5-20% by weight, and most preferably 1-10% by weight, based on the weight of the ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid alkyl ester used .
- transesterification can be carried out batchwise or continuously, with continuous processes being preferred.
- the products may preferably be separated from the starting materials to shift the equilibrium of the reaction.
- reaction time of the transesterification depends on the molar masses used and the reaction temperature, which parameter can be within wide limits.
- the reaction time of the transesterification of the ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid alkyl ester is preferably included
- (Meth) acrylic acid in the range of 30 seconds to 15 hours, more preferably 5 minutes to 5 hours, and most preferably 15 minutes to 3 hours.
- the residence time is preferably 30 seconds to 15 hours, more preferably 5 minutes to 5 hours, and most preferably 15 minutes to 3 hours.
- the temperature is preferably from 60 to 130 0 C, particularly preferably 80 to 120 0 C and most preferably 90 to 110 0 C.
- the pressure is preferably in the range of 50 to 1000 mbar, particularly preferably 300 to 800 mbar.
- the molar ratio of methacrylic acid to ⁇ -hydroxyisobutyric acid methyl ester is preferably in the range from 2: 1-1: 2, in particular 1.5: 1-1: 1.5.
- the transesterification can take place in a still.
- the catalyst can be added in each area of the still.
- the catalyst can be provided in the region of the bottom or in the region of the column.
- catalyst can be provided in a separate area of the still, this area being connected to the further areas of the still, for example the sump and / or the column. This separate arrangement of the catalyst region is preferred.
- This preferred embodiment surprisingly succeeds in increasing the selectivity of the reaction.
- the pressure of the reaction can be adjusted independently of the pressure within the distillation columns. As a result, the boiling temperature can be kept low without the reaction time or the residence time increases accordingly.
- the temperature of the reaction can be varied over a wide range. This can shorten the reaction time.
- the volume of catalyst can be chosen arbitrarily, without having to take into account the geometry of the column consideration.
- another reactant can be added. All of these measures can contribute to increasing selectivity and productivity, with surprising synergistic effects.
- the ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid alkyl ester for example ⁇ -hydroxyisobutyrate
- (meth) acrylic acid for example methacrylic acid
- the distillation conditions are preferably carried out so that exactly one product is removed by distillation from the still, leaving the second product in the sump and continuously removed therefrom.
- the alkyl (meth) acrylate is preferably removed by distillation of the reaction mixture.
- the starting materials are cyclically passed through the catalyst region. This results in continuous alkyl (meth) acrylate and ⁇ -hydroxy carboxylic acid.
- the educts can be introduced into the distillation column (3) via a common line (1) or separately via two lines (1) and (2).
- the addition of the educts preferably takes place via separate lines.
- the starting materials can be supplied at the same stage or in any position of the column.
- the temperature of the reactants can be adjusted via a heat exchanger in the feed, the necessary aggregates are not shown in Figure 1.
- the educts are metered separately into the column, wherein the metered addition of the lower-boiling component takes place below the position for the supply of the high-boiling compound.
- the light-boiling component is preferably added in vapor form.
- any multi-stage distillation column (3) having two or more separation stages can be used.
- the number of separation stages in the present invention refers to the number of plates in a tray column or the number of theoretical plates in the case of a packed column or a packed column.
- Examples of a multistage distillation column with trays include those such as bubble trays, sieve trays, tunnel trays, valve trays, slotted trays, sieve slotted trays, sieve trays, nozzle trays, centrifugal trays, for a multistage distillation column with packing such as Raschig rings, Lessing rings, Pall Rings, Berl saddles, Intalox saddles and for a multistage distillation column with packings such as Mellapak (Sulzer), Rombopak (Kühni), Montz-Pak (Montz) and catalyst bag packs, for example Kata-Pak.
- a distillation column having combinations of regions of soils, regions of packing or regions of packing may also be used.
- the column (3) can be equipped with internals.
- the column preferably has a condenser (12) for condensing the vapor and a sump evaporator (18).
- the distillation apparatus preferably has at least one region, referred to below as the reactor, in which at least one catalyst is provided.
- This reactor may be within the distillation column. However, this reactor is preferably arranged outside the column (3) in a separate area, one of these preferred embodiments being explained in greater detail in FIG.
- a portion of the downwardly flowing liquid phase can be collected within the column via a collector and passed as a partial stream (4) from the column.
- the position of the collector is determined by the concentration profile in the column of the individual components. The concentration profile can be controlled via the temperature and / or the return.
- a plurality of collectors may be provided at different locations of the distillation column, wherein the molar ratios can be adjusted by the amount of reactants withdrawn.
- another reactant for example water
- water can be added to the stream removed from the column in order to adjust the product ratio of acid / ester in the cross-esterification reaction or to increase the selectivity.
- the water can be supplied via a line from the outside (not shown in Figure 1) or removed from a phase separator (13).
- the pressure of the water-enriched stream (5) can subsequently be increased via a means for increasing the pressure (6), for example a pump.
- the transesterification reaction takes place on the catalyst.
- the reactor can be flowed through downwards or upwards.
- the reactor effluent (9) containing, to a certain extent, the products and the unreacted starting materials, the proportion of the components in the reactor effluent depending on the residence time, the catalyst mass, the reaction temperature and the educt ratio and the amount of water added, is first passed through a heat exchanger ( 10) and adjusted to a temperature which is advantageous when introduced into the distillation column.
- the temperature is set which corresponds to the temperature in the distillation column at the point of introduction of the stream.
- the position where the stream leaving the reactor is returned to the column may be above or below the position for the removal of the reactor feed, but is preferably above.
- the stream Before returning to the column, the stream can be vented via a valve (11), wherein preferably the same pressure level is set as in the column.
- the distillation column preferably has a lower pressure.
- This embodiment has the advantage that the boiling points of the components to be separated are reduced, whereby the distillation at a lower temperature level, thereby energy-saving and thermally gentle can be performed.
- the distillation column (3) then takes place the separation of the product mixture.
- the low boiler, preferably the ester formed in the transesterification, is separated overhead.
- the distillation column is preferably run in such a way that the water added before the fixed bed reactor is likewise separated off as top product.
- the withdrawn at the top, vaporous stream is condensed in a condenser (12) and then separated in a decanter (13) in the aqueous and varnishster ambience phase.
- the aqueous phase can be discharged via the line (15) for workup or completely or partially recycled via line (17) back into the reaction.
- the stream from the ester-containing phase can be driven via line (14) partly as reflux (16) on the column or be partially discharged from the still.
- the high boiler preferably the acid formed in the cross-esterification, is discharged as the bottom stream from the column (19).
- the ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid obtained from the reaction can be dehydrated in a known manner in a further step E).
- the ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid is, for example, the ⁇ -hydroxyisobutyric acid in the presence of at least one metal salt, for example alkali and / or alkaline earth metal salts, heated to temperatures in the range of 160-300 0 C, more preferably in the range of 200 to 240 0 C.
- the (meth) acrylic acid and water are obtained.
- Suitable metal salts include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, sodium sulfite, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, strontium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate.
- the dehydration of the ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid may preferably be carried out at a pressure in the range from 0.05 bar to 2.5 bar, more preferably in the range from 0.1 bar to 1 bar.
- the dehydration of ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acids is described for example in DE-A-176 82 53.
- the (meth) acrylic acid thus obtained can in turn be used for the preparation of alkyl (meth) acrylates.
- (meth) acrylic acid is a commercial product.
- the process for preparing alkyl (meth) acrylates can also be used to prepare (meth) acrylic acid, the product ratio of alkyl (meth) acrylates to (meth) acrylic acid being determined by the concentration of water in the transesterification of the ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid alkyl ester and / or can be easily regulated by the reaction temperature.
- a mixture of acetone cyanohydrin, water and acetone was reacted at a temperature of 60 0 C and at normal pressure with the manganese dioxide catalyst described above.
- the reaction mixture was stirred.
- the mixing ratio of the components acetone cyanohydrin / acetone / water was 1 / 1.5 / 15.
- the loading of the catalyst was about 0.32 to 0.36 g of acetone cyanohydrin per g of catalyst per hour.
- the reaction mixture added to the catalyst had a pH of about 4.1.
- about 100 ml of air per minute at a pressure of about 1 bar were passed through the reaction mixture, the amount of catalyst was about 50 g.
- the life achieved in this experiment was about 8 days, with the service life being defined as the duration up to which the degree of conversion falls below 50% of the initial turnover.
- Comparative Example 1 was substantially repeated except that the reaction mixture added to the catalyst had a pH of 9.3. Here, the pH was adjusted by adding LiOH. Furthermore, nitrogen was passed through the reaction mixture instead of air.
- the life achieved in this experiment was about 9 days.
- Comparative Example 1 was substantially repeated except that the reaction mixture added to the catalyst had a pH of 9.3. Here, the pH was adjusted by adding LiOH.
- the lifetime achieved in this experiment was about 32 days.
- Example 1 was essentially repeated except that KOH was used to adjust the pH. The life achieved in this experiment was about 25 days. Comparative Example 3
- the reaction mixture added to the catalyst had a pH of about 4.1. Furthermore, about 300 ml of air were used per minute at a pressure of about 1 bar, the amount of catalyst being about 50 g. The lifetime achieved in this experiment was about 26 days.
- Comparative Example 3 was substantially repeated except that the reaction mixture added to the catalyst had a pH of 9.3. Here, the pH was adjusted by adding LiOH.
- the life achieved in this experiment was about 58 days.
- Comparative Example 2 was substantially repeated except that the pH was adjusted with diethylamine. The life was about 5 days. This comparative example shows that the use of amines can lead to adverse effects.
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Abstract
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PCT/EP2007/059041 WO2008061822A1 (de) | 2006-11-22 | 2007-08-30 | Verfahren zur herstellung von carbonsäureamiden durch hydrolyse von carbonsäurenitrilen in gegenwart eines mangandioxid umfassenden katalysators |
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DE102016210285A1 (de) | 2016-06-10 | 2017-12-14 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Methacrylaten und Methacrylsäure |
CN112979514A (zh) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-06-18 | 重庆紫光化工股份有限公司 | 2-羟基-4-甲硫基丁腈制备d,l-蛋氨酸的方法 |
CN112495391B (zh) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-09-14 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | 一种适用于乙腈水合反应制备乙酰胺的负载型复合金属催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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- 2007-08-30 JP JP2009537571A patent/JP2010510276A/ja active Pending
- 2007-08-30 WO PCT/EP2007/059041 patent/WO2008061822A1/de active Application Filing
- 2007-08-30 RU RU2009123372/04A patent/RU2009123372A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-08-30 US US12/515,036 patent/US8334406B2/en active Active
- 2007-08-30 EP EP07803050A patent/EP2054376A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-08-30 MX MX2009005392A patent/MX2009005392A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
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- 2007-08-30 KR KR1020097010374A patent/KR20090082238A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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BRPI0718991A2 (pt) | 2014-02-11 |
TW200835672A (en) | 2008-09-01 |
DE102006055430A1 (de) | 2008-05-29 |
US8334406B2 (en) | 2012-12-18 |
RU2009123372A (ru) | 2010-12-27 |
JP2010510276A (ja) | 2010-04-02 |
HK1120022A1 (en) | 2009-03-20 |
US20110060159A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
WO2008061822A1 (de) | 2008-05-29 |
CN101186584B (zh) | 2011-06-29 |
CA2666397A1 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
MX2009005392A (es) | 2009-06-02 |
KR20090082238A (ko) | 2009-07-29 |
CN101186584A (zh) | 2008-05-28 |
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