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EP1897102B1 - Tap changer - Google Patents

Tap changer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1897102B1
EP1897102B1 EP06763911.2A EP06763911A EP1897102B1 EP 1897102 B1 EP1897102 B1 EP 1897102B1 EP 06763911 A EP06763911 A EP 06763911A EP 1897102 B1 EP1897102 B1 EP 1897102B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
electric switch
gas
compensating
bodies
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06763911.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1897102A1 (en
Inventor
Jörg FINDEISEN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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Publication of EP1897102A1 publication Critical patent/EP1897102A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1897102B1 publication Critical patent/EP1897102B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0044—Casings; Mountings; Disposition in transformer housing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
    • H01F27/12—Oil cooling
    • H01F27/14—Expansion chambers; Oil conservators; Gas cushions; Arrangements for purifying, drying, or filling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a filled with an insulating liquid tap changer and means for receiving the thermally induced volume fluctuations of this insulating liquid.
  • Such an electrical switch is from the DE 2158869 A1 already known.
  • a transformer with a tap changer which is attached to a tank of the transformer.
  • a GmbHerdehngefäß to compensate for temperature-induced volume fluctuations of the insulating oil of the tap changer is connected to the housing of the tap changer, wherein a Transformatordehngefäß communicates via a supply line to the oil space of the transformer.
  • the Transformatordehngefäß serves to compensate for temperature-induced fluctuations in the insulating oil in the transformer tank.
  • Both expansion vessels are connected to the outside atmosphere via a dehumidifier.
  • an overflow pipe is provided between the Heidelbergerdehngefäß and the Transformatordehngefäß. Only when the level of the insulating oil in the Heidelbergerdehngefäß exceeds a predetermined level, the insulating oil flows from the Heidelbergerdehngefäß in the Transformatordehngefäß over.
  • the DE 714480 C discloses a power transformer having a lower and upper voltage winding concentrically disposed about a leg of an iron core. While iron core and low-voltage winding are arranged air-insulated, the radially outer high-voltage winding is encapsulated by an insulating housing.
  • the insulating housing is filled with an insulating liquid, wherein cooling channels are formed within the high-voltage winding. Above the Insulating housing expansion body are arranged with resilient walls, the interior of which is connected to the interior of the insulating housing.
  • the expansion tanks absorb the temperature-related volume fluctuations of the insulating liquid.
  • the DE 2814491 A1 relates to a transducer having a liquid-tight housing, which is filled with an insulating liquid.
  • insulating pressure cans are arranged, which are filled with gas and have elastic walls.
  • the JP H11 97252 describes a transformer arrangement with a main and an auxiliary tank, which are connected to each other via a connecting line.
  • Main and auxiliary tank are filled with an insulating liquid, wherein in the auxiliary tank, a gas volume of flexible bodies is limited.
  • the invention enables a hermetic closure of the switch vessel and thus a significant reduction in the aging of the switch oil.
  • the use of the arrangement according to the invention also makes it possible to dispense with dehumidifier, external expansion vessel and associated piping. Furthermore, the invention solves the problem of gas accumulation in the pipeline to the expansion vessel of hermetically sealed switches.
  • Tap changers of the type mentioned above are mainly used in power transformers for regulating the voltage under load. In operation, it comes through heating of the switching resistors, heat dissipation through the surrounding of the switch and its vessel insulating and cooling medium of the transformer and further influences to significant temperature fluctuations. These cause significant changes in the volume of the insulating liquid of the tap changer. Furthermore, switching arcs and / or heating of the switching resistors cause the thermal decomposition of insulating liquid and resulting gas evolution. These gases rise due to their lower density and must be removed by appropriate measures.
  • the state of the art is the use of expansion vessels mounted above the transformer, which are connected to the switch via an inclined pipeline. Through this pipeline, both the flow of the insulating liquid at thermally induced volume changes, as well as the removal of the gases.
  • the invention described below enables a compensation of the change in the volume of the insulating liquid during operation of the switch, while avoiding the above-mentioned disadvantages.
  • the present invention uses a gas cushion to absorb the thermally induced volume fluctuations of the insulating liquid of the switch.
  • This gas cushion is inventively integrated into the switch vessel.
  • the switch vessel is hermetically sealed to both the atmosphere and the insulating medium of the transformer. Furthermore, the gas cushion is separated by a flexible wall of the insulating liquid.
  • the gas cushion is located in displacement bodies, which absorb the volume fluctuations of the insulating liquid by changing their shape and size.
  • the separation of the insulating liquid from the gas cushion caused by the flexible wall of the displacer causes the effect according to the invention of non-mixing gas contained in the gas cushion with the gases resulting from the thermal decomposition of insulating liquid.
  • the gas cushion for volume compensation according to the invention are arranged such that they do not hinder the rise and the discharge of the resulting by switching arcs and / or heating of the switching resistances gases.
  • the compensation body becomes part of the switch. Additional external assemblies are eliminated and simplify the entire transformer. Problems with gas accumulation in piping and obstruction of oil flow with temperature changes the insulating liquid are excluded by omission of the problematic with these modules assemblies.
  • this design avoids malfunctions caused by gas cushions in the connection to the expansion vessel in hermetic transformers.
  • this design allows the provision of a special gas collection chamber, by which a too frequent response of the pressure relief valve and the associated often associated additional oil loss is avoided.
  • the switch is provided in the upper area with an additional volume for receiving a certain amount of additional insulating liquid to replace the oil loss resulting from decomposition by switching operations and / or heating of the switching resistors.
  • the gas produced by the oil decomposition rises and collects in this additional space.
  • the significantly larger gas volume leads to an overpressure in the switch vessel. If the pressure in the switch exceeds a predetermined limit value, the pressure relief valve which is closed during normal operation opens and produces a pressure relief with the atmosphere surrounding the switch.
  • volume compensation device can be a complete completion of the insulating liquid of the switch from the atmosphere / ambient air reach.
  • the absorption of moisture and oxygen by the insulating liquid is prevented.
  • An influence of the electr. Damping strength of the insulating liquid by moisture is avoided and the aging of the insulating significantly reduced.
  • the outer expansion tank, the dehumidifier and the associated piping can be omitted.
  • the regular Checking the condition of the desiccant in the dehumidifier can be saved and there are cost savings due to the elimination of the costly regular replacement of desiccant. Pollution and disposal problems caused by spent desiccants are avoided.
  • the switch according to the invention is equipped with a gas discharge valve (D3).
  • a gas discharge valve D3
  • This may conveniently be carried out or controlled so that it responds to a small gas pressure, but not in case of insulating liquid.
  • a constant pumping of the gases is possible.
  • a pressure valve and / or a conventional large-scale pressure relief valve D2.
  • the combination of a level-independent pressure relief device and a level-dependent pressure relief device that responds even at low overpressure, enables safe burst protection for the switch vessel with continuous removal of forming gases.
  • the speed of the necessary volume compensation when heated depends on the thermal time constants of the transformer and the switch as well as the operating conditions, but is always quite slow.
  • the attachment of pressure dampers (DD) in the channel to the compensating device is advantageous.
  • These pressure dampers (DD) can be formed from a cross-sectional constriction on the way the insulating liquid to the balancing body.
  • the gas discharge is slightly obstructive and retarding guidance of the gases to a pressure relief valve (D2) or another pressure reducing device.
  • D2 pressure relief valve
  • the compensating body is provided with a spring element (F1) in order to achieve a predetermined pressure play.
  • F1 spring element
  • These spring elements can also be formed by the body of the compensator itself.
  • the compensating device is equipped with a volume limitation in one or both directions.
  • a volume limitation in one or both directions.
  • This limitation is also possible by a stroke limitation of the compensation elements and a multi-part exciter device with chambers of different spring constant.
  • the gas cushions are designed such that an integration into functional parts of the switch is made possible and thus only a small space requirement is necessary.
  • An embodiment of this solution is the use of metallic strainers as Abtubelektrode.
  • the execution of the compensating body according to the invention is possible as a metallic compensator, bladder accumulator, rolling diaphragm, foil bag, plastic membrane or rubber compensator.
  • the required compensation bodies (K) do not come into contact with the atmosphere (1), so that the corrosion of metal compensators under moisture as well as the aging of plastic membranes under the action of moisture, oxygen and ozone are avoided.
  • the requirements for the balancing body used are significantly reduced.
  • these displacement elements are represented by simple gas-filled balloons whose wall is formed by a metal foil.
  • Particularly cost is the use of oil-resistant rubber or plastic or films of the materials mentioned.
  • the displacement body may consist of metallized plastic film or thin metal foil.
  • multilayer films may be used (e.g., using: ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymers / fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers / nitrile-butadiene rubber).
  • the materials used can also be provided with a textile or fiberglass insert.
  • compensators which have a vacuum or vacuum and are stretched or stretched over spring elements.
  • the change of shape and volume is determined in this case by the interaction of spring force and compensator internal pressure with the switch pressure.
  • the displacement body are dimensioned so that they are vacuum-resistant to allow the usual filling process for large transformers.
  • This strength can be done in films by combining suitable dimensions and wall thickness, but also by a support structure.
  • FIG. 1 shows a switch (S1) with a switch head (SK), which is arranged on the cover (TD) of a transformer.
  • the space inside the switch (S1) is with insulating liquid filled. Since the housing of the switch (SW) hermetically seals, it comes when heating the insulating liquid of the switch to an increase in the internal pressure in the switch. This pressure increase causes a compression of the gas in the balancing devices ( K3, K6). Gases forming by thermal decomposition of oil rise upwards and are guided to a monitoring device (B3). If the amount of gas is too large, gas is released through a valve (D3).
  • the compensation s body is part of the switch. Additional external assemblies are eliminated and simplify the entire transformer.
  • any existing components in the switch anyway included in the design of the compensation body.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which the compensation body are formed by bellows.
  • these compensating bodies (K3, K6) are accommodated both in the lower part of the switch and in the central tube of the switch (Z1) formed from an insulating cylinder.
  • parts of the electrical shields (A2) are also designed as metallic expansion bodies.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment in which the volume compensation by a plurality of compensation bodies (K5) is formed.
  • These balancing bodies do not hinder the rise of the gases resulting from the thermal decomposition of insulating liquid.
  • these gases collect in the interstices of the compensating body (K5) accommodated in the head region and displace insulating liquid there.
  • a predetermined amount of gas (Oil level) causes the measuring and control unit (M64) to open the
  • the compensating body shown in the embodiment can be accommodated in various areas of the switch. This design also allows the use of a variety of so-called dead spaces for volume compensation.
  • these compensating bodies are accommodated both in the head region of the switch and in the central tube of the switch (Z1) formed from an insulating cylinder. If individual cells leak, only these individual cells fill up with oil, the entire system is not endangered. Escaping gas reaches the Buchholzschutz and leads in case of damage of a corresponding amount of displacement elements to trigger the same.
  • compensating bodies (K5) are accommodated in the lower area of the switch, then a locking mechanism (GS) prevents these compensating bodies from rising.
  • This lock is advantageously designed so that it keeps away from electrically stressed parts in case of defects of individual compensation bodies released gases.
  • these gases in the central cylinder (Z1) or the switch shaft safely directed into the head of the switch.
  • FIG. 4 shows a switch which is provided in the upper region of the housing (SW) with an additional volume (VZ) for receiving a suitable amount of additional insulating liquid to replace the oil loss resulting from oil degradation, for example by heating the switching resistors.
  • VZ additional volume
  • the gas outlet (M67) which is closed during normal operation opens and establishes a pressure relief with the atmosphere (1) surrounding the switch.
  • a controller M51, M64 controls that the gas release (M67) responds only when a predetermined amount of gas is present in the head of the switch.
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a switch according to the invention, in which the expansion of the compensator (K6) via a central pipe (Z1) accommodated connection to an evaluation unit (M6) is transmitted and used to display level and / or pressure. Also shown is the transfer of Kompensatorterrorism a transmitter (M3) (eg. A permanent magnet) to a detection unit (M2).
  • M3 eg. A permanent magnet

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Transformer Cooling (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen mit einer Isolierflüssigkeit gefüllten Stufenschalter und Einrichtungen zur Aufnahme der thermisch bedingten Volumenschwankungen dieser Isolierflüssigkeit.The invention relates to a filled with an insulating liquid tap changer and means for receiving the thermally induced volume fluctuations of this insulating liquid.

Ein solcher elektrischer Schalter ist aus der DE 2158869 A1 bereits bekannt. Dort ist ein Transformator mit einem Stufenschalter offenbart, der an einem Tank des Transformators befestigt ist. Ein Schalterdehngefäß zum Ausgleich temperaturbedingter Volumenschwankungen des Isolieröls des Stufenschalters ist mit dem Gehäuse des Stufenschalters verbunden, wobei ein Transformatordehngefäß über eine Zuleitung mit dem Ölraum des Transformators kommuniziert. Das Transformatordehngefäß dient zum Ausgleich temperaturbedingter Schwankungen des Isolieröls im Transformatortank. Beide Dehngefäße sind über einen Luftentfeuchter mit der Außenatmosphäre verbunden. Zwischen dem Schalterdehngefäß und dem Transformatordehngefäß ist eine Überlaufleitung vorgesehen. Erst wenn der Pegel des Isolieröls im Schalterdehngefäß einen vorgegebenen Pegelstand übersteigt, strömt das Isolieröl aus dem Schalterdehngefäß in das Transformatordehngefäß über.Such an electrical switch is from the DE 2158869 A1 already known. There is disclosed a transformer with a tap changer which is attached to a tank of the transformer. A Schalterdehngefäß to compensate for temperature-induced volume fluctuations of the insulating oil of the tap changer is connected to the housing of the tap changer, wherein a Transformatordehngefäß communicates via a supply line to the oil space of the transformer. The Transformatordehngefäß serves to compensate for temperature-induced fluctuations in the insulating oil in the transformer tank. Both expansion vessels are connected to the outside atmosphere via a dehumidifier. Between the Schalterdehngefäß and the Transformatordehngefäß an overflow pipe is provided. Only when the level of the insulating oil in the Schalterdehngefäß exceeds a predetermined level, the insulating oil flows from the Schalterdehngefäß in the Transformatordehngefäß over.

Die DE 714480 C offenbart einen Leistungstransformator mit einer Unter- sowie Oberspannungswicklung, die konzentrisch um einen Schenkel eines Eisenkerns angeordnet sind. Während Eisenkern und Niederspannungswicklung luftisoliert angeordnet sind, ist die radial außen liegende Oberspannungswicklung von einem Isoliergehäuse gekapselt. Das Isoliergehäuse ist mit einer Isolierflüssigkeit befüllt, wobei innerhalb der Oberspannungswicklung Kühlkanäle ausgebildet sind. Oberhalb des Isoliergehäuses sind Ausdehnungskörper mit nachgiebigen Wänden angeordnet, deren Innenraum mit dem Innenraum des Isoliergehäuses verbunden ist. Die Ausdehnungsgefäße nehmen die temperaturbedingten Volumenschwankungen der Isolierflüssigkeit auf.The DE 714480 C discloses a power transformer having a lower and upper voltage winding concentrically disposed about a leg of an iron core. While iron core and low-voltage winding are arranged air-insulated, the radially outer high-voltage winding is encapsulated by an insulating housing. The insulating housing is filled with an insulating liquid, wherein cooling channels are formed within the high-voltage winding. Above the Insulating housing expansion body are arranged with resilient walls, the interior of which is connected to the interior of the insulating housing. The expansion tanks absorb the temperature-related volume fluctuations of the insulating liquid.

Die DE 2814491 A1 betrifft einen Messwandler, der ein flüssigkeitsdichtes Gehäuse aufweist, das mit einer Isolierflüssigkeit befüllt ist. In der Isolierflüssigkeit sind Druckdosen angeordnet, die mit Gas gefüllt und elastische Wände aufweisen.The DE 2814491 A1 relates to a transducer having a liquid-tight housing, which is filled with an insulating liquid. In the insulating pressure cans are arranged, which are filled with gas and have elastic walls.

Die JP H11 97252 beschreibt eine Transformatoranordnung mit einem Haupt- und einem Hilfstank, die über eine Verbindungsleitung miteinander verbunden sind. Haupt- und Hilfstank sind mit einer Isolierflüssigkeit befüllt, wobei im Hilfstank ein Gasvolumen von flexiblen Körpern begrenzt ist.The JP H11 97252 describes a transformer arrangement with a main and an auxiliary tank, which are connected to each other via a connecting line. Main and auxiliary tank are filled with an insulating liquid, wherein in the auxiliary tank, a gas volume of flexible bodies is limited.

Die Erfindung ermöglicht einen hermetischen Abschluss des Schaltergefäßes und damit eine deutliche Reduzierung der Alterung des Schalteröles.The invention enables a hermetic closure of the switch vessel and thus a significant reduction in the aging of the switch oil.

Der Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung ermöglicht weiterhin den Verzicht auf Luftentfeuchter, externes Ausdehnungsgefäß und zugehörige Rohrleitungen. Des Weiteren löst die Erfindung das Problem der Gasansammlung in der Rohrleitung zum Ausdehnungsgefäß von hermetisch abgeschlossenen Schaltern.The use of the arrangement according to the invention also makes it possible to dispense with dehumidifier, external expansion vessel and associated piping. Furthermore, the invention solves the problem of gas accumulation in the pipeline to the expansion vessel of hermetically sealed switches.

Stufenschalter der oben genannten Art kommen vorwiegend in Leistungstransformatoren zum Regeln der Spannung unter Last zum Einsatz. Im Betrieb kommt es durch Erwärmung der Überschaltwiderstände, Wärmeabgabe durch das den Schalter und sein Gefäß umgebende Isolier- und Kühlmedium des Transformators und weitere Einflüsse zu erheblichen Temperaturschwankungen. Diese bewirken wesentliche Änderungen des Volumens der Isolierflüssigkeit des Stufenschalters. Weiterhin kommt es durch Schaltlichtbögen und / oder Aufheizen der Überschaltwiderstände zur thermischer Zersetzung von Isolierflüssigkeit und daraus resultierender Gasentwicklung. Diese Gase steigen auf Grund ihrer geringeren Dichte nach oben und müssen durch geeignete Maßnahmen abgeführt werden.Tap changers of the type mentioned above are mainly used in power transformers for regulating the voltage under load. In operation, it comes through heating of the switching resistors, heat dissipation through the surrounding of the switch and its vessel insulating and cooling medium of the transformer and further influences to significant temperature fluctuations. These cause significant changes in the volume of the insulating liquid of the tap changer. Furthermore, switching arcs and / or heating of the switching resistors cause the thermal decomposition of insulating liquid and resulting gas evolution. These gases rise due to their lower density and must be removed by appropriate measures.

Stand der Technik ist die Verwendung von über dem Transformator angebrachten Ausdehnungsgefäßen, welche über eine geneigte Rohrleitung mit dem Schalter verbunden werden. Über diese Rohrleitung erfolgt sowohl der Fluss der Isolierflüssigkeit bei thermisch bedingten Volumenänderungen, als auch der Abtransport der Gase.The state of the art is the use of expansion vessels mounted above the transformer, which are connected to the switch via an inclined pipeline. Through this pipeline, both the flow of the insulating liquid at thermally induced volume changes, as well as the removal of the gases.

Bekannt ist die Verwendung eines gemeinsamen Ausdehnungsgefäßes für den Transformator und den Schalter, dabei kommt es jedoch zu einer Mischung der Isolierflüssigkeiten. Deshalb wird zurzeit überwiegend ein Zweikammerausdehnungsgefäß eingesetzt. Solche Ausdehnungsgefäße sind zum Beispiel in DE19527763C2 beschrieben.It is known to use a common expansion vessel for the transformer and the switch, but it comes to a mixture of insulating fluids. For this reason, a two-chamber expansion vessel is currently used predominantly. Such expansion vessels are for example in DE19527763C2 described.

Nachteil dieser Ausdehnungsgefäße ist der Kontakt der Öloberfläche mit der Außenluft, was die Verwendung von so genannten Luftentfeuchtern erfordert. In diesen Luftentfeuchtern wird die Luft über ein Trocknungsmittel geführt und hierbei entfeuchtet. Die Adsorptionsfähigkeit des Trocknungsmittels (Hygroskopizität) wird hierbei aufgebraucht und das Trocknungsmittel muss regelmäßig erneuert werden. Die periodisch notwendigen Sichtprüfungen sowie der regelmäßige Austausch des Trocknungsmittels, insbesondere in Gegenden mit hoher Luftfeuchtigkeit, stellt einen erheblichen Kostenfaktor dar (Empfohlener Wartungsintervall: 3 Monate). Diese Luftentfeuchter bieten des Weiteren keinen sicheren Abschluss gegen die Aufnahme von Feuchtigkeit und Sauerstoff durch die Isolierflüssigkeit, insbesondere bei schneller Abkühlung des Transformators.Disadvantage of these expansion vessels is the contact of the oil surface with the outside air, which requires the use of so-called dehumidifiers. In these dehumidifiers, the air is passed over a desiccant and thereby dehumidified. The adsorption capacity of the drying agent (hygroscopicity) is used up here and the desiccant has to be renewed regularly. The periodic visual inspections and the regular replacement of the desiccant, especially in areas with high humidity, represents a significant cost factor (recommended maintenance interval: 3 months). Furthermore, these dehumidifiers do not offer a reliable seal against the absorption of moisture and oxygen by the insulating liquid, in particular during rapid cooling of the transformer.

In DE10010737A1 wird ein hermetisch abgeschlossener Transformator beschrieben, welcher zum Volumenausgleich einen dehnbaren Radiator vorsieht. Die Verwendung eines solchen Radiators zurIn DE10010737A1 a hermetically sealed transformer is described, which provides an expansible radiator for volume compensation. The use of such a radiator for

Kompensation der Volumenausdehnung der Isolierflüssigkeit des Schalters erfordert einen erheblichen Aufwand und bringt Probleme bei der Abführung von Gasen aus dem Schaltergefäß. Für die Ausdehnung der Isolierflüssigkeit von Transformatoren sind Ausdehnungsgefäße bekannt, welche in der Hauptkammer eine Membran zur Trennung der Isolierflüssigkeit von der Umgebungsluft verwenden. Ein solches ist in DE3206368 beschrieben. Diese Ausdehnungsgefäße bieten zwar einen sicheren Abschluss der Isolierflüssigkeit von der Umgebungsluft, benötigen aber dennoch einen Luftentfeuchter, was mit den bereits erwähnten Nachteilen verbunden ist. Weiterhin führt der Kontakt mit der Umgebungsluft zur Alterung der Membran und bedingt somit technische Unsicherheiten.Compensation of the volume expansion of the insulating liquid of the switch requires considerable effort and brings problems in the removal of gases from the switch vessel. For the expansion of the insulating liquid of transformers expansion vessels are known which use a membrane in the main chamber to separate the insulating liquid from the ambient air. Such is in DE3206368 described. Although these expansion vessels provide a secure conclusion of the insulating liquid from the ambient air, but still need a dehumidifier, which is associated with the disadvantages mentioned above. Furthermore, the contact with the ambient air leads to aging of the membrane and thus causes technical uncertainties.

Bekannt ist weiterhin der Einsatz von Gaspolstern direkt unter dem Deckel von Transformatoren ( DE710389 ). Diese Lösung bietet jedoch keine Möglichkeit der Abtrennung von Schadgasen vom Gaspolster.Also known is the use of gas cushions directly under the cover of transformers ( DE710389 ). However, this solution offers no possibility of separating harmful gases from the gas cushion.

In DE10224074A1 ist eine Anordnung für die in den Stufenschalter führende Rohrleitung beschrieben, welche ein Labyrinthsystem zur Vermeidung des Strömens von Gasen zum Ausdehnungsgefäß nutzt.In DE10224074A1 an arrangement is described for the pipeline leading into the tap changer, which uses a labyrinth system to prevent the flow of gases to the expansion vessel.

Dieses System bietet aber weder einen hermetischen Abschluss des Schalters, noch kann es das Eindringen von Gasen in die Rohrleitung vollständig verhindern. Auch die aufwändige Rohrleitungs- anordnung zum Ölausdehnungsgefäß bleibt erforderlich.However, this system does not provide a hermetic closure of the switch, nor can it completely prevent the entry of gases into the pipeline. Even the complex piping arrangement to the oil conservator remains required.

Aus DE3504916C2 ist weiterhin ein Ausdehnungsgefäß bekannt, welches direkt auf dem Stufenschalterkopf montiert wird. Diese Lösung benötigt ebenfalls einen Luftentfeuchter, was die bekannten bereits eingangs genannten Nachteile zur Folge hat. Ein hermetischer Abschluss lässt sich auch damit nicht erzielen.Out DE3504916C2 Furthermore, an expansion vessel is known, which is mounted directly on the tap changer head. This solution also requires a dehumidifier, which has the known disadvantages already mentioned above result. A hermetic conclusion can not be achieved with it.

Die im Folgenden beschriebene Erfindung ermöglicht eine Kompensation der Änderung des Volumens der Isolierflüssigkeit beim Betrieb des Schalters, bei Vermeidung der oben genannten Nachteile.The invention described below enables a compensation of the change in the volume of the insulating liquid during operation of the switch, while avoiding the above-mentioned disadvantages.

Die vorliegende Erfindung nutzt zur Aufnahme der thermisch bedingten Volumenschwankungen der Isolierflüssigkeit des Schalters ein Gaspolster. Dieses Gaspolster wird erfindungsgemäß in das Schaltergefäß integriert. Das Schaltergefäß wird sowohl zur Atmosphäre als auch zum Isoliermedium des Transformators hermetisch abgeschlossen. Weiterhin wird das Gaspolster durch eine flexible Wand von der Isolierflüssigkeit getrennt. Das Gaspolster befindet sich in Verdrängungskörpern, welche durch Änderung ihrer Form und Größe die Volumenschwankungen der Isolierflüssigkeit aufnehmen.The present invention uses a gas cushion to absorb the thermally induced volume fluctuations of the insulating liquid of the switch. This gas cushion is inventively integrated into the switch vessel. The switch vessel is hermetically sealed to both the atmosphere and the insulating medium of the transformer. Furthermore, the gas cushion is separated by a flexible wall of the insulating liquid. The gas cushion is located in displacement bodies, which absorb the volume fluctuations of the insulating liquid by changing their shape and size.

Die von der flexiblen Wand der Verdrängungskörper bewirkte Trennung der Isolierflüssigkeit vom Gaspolster bewirkt den erfindungsgemäßen Effekt der Nichtmischung von im Gaspolster enthaltenem Gas mit den durch thermische Zersetzung von Isolierflüssigkeit entstehenden Gasen. Die Gaspolster zum Volumenausgleich werden erfindungsgemäß derart angeordnet, dass sie das Aufsteigen und die Abführung der durch Schaltlichtbögen und / oder Aufheizen der Überschaltwiderstände entstehenden Gase nicht behindern.The separation of the insulating liquid from the gas cushion caused by the flexible wall of the displacer causes the effect according to the invention of non-mixing gas contained in the gas cushion with the gases resulting from the thermal decomposition of insulating liquid. The gas cushion for volume compensation according to the invention are arranged such that they do not hinder the rise and the discharge of the resulting by switching arcs and / or heating of the switching resistances gases.

Durch diese erfindungsgemäße Anordnung wird der Ausgleichkörper zum Bestandteil des Schalters. Zusätzliche externe Baugruppen entfallen und führen zu einer Vereinfachung des gesamten Transformators. Probleme mit Gasansammlungen in Rohrleitungen und eine Behinderung der Ölströmung bei Temperaturänderungen der Isolierflüssigkeit sind durch Entfall der mit diesen Problemen behafteten Baugruppen ausgeschlossen.By this arrangement according to the invention, the compensation body becomes part of the switch. Additional external assemblies are eliminated and simplify the entire transformer. Problems with gas accumulation in piping and obstruction of oil flow with temperature changes the insulating liquid are excluded by omission of the problematic with these modules assemblies.

Dadurch werden Betriebsstörungen durch Gaspolster in der Verbindung zum Ausdehnungsgefäß bei Hermetiktransformatoren vermieden. Außerdem ermöglicht diese Gestaltung das Vorsehen eines speziellen Gassammelraumes, durch welchen ein zu häufiges Ansprechen des Druckentlastungsventiles und der damit oft verbundene zusätzliche Ölverlust vermieden wird.This avoids malfunctions caused by gas cushions in the connection to the expansion vessel in hermetic transformers. In addition, this design allows the provision of a special gas collection chamber, by which a too frequent response of the pressure relief valve and the associated often associated additional oil loss is avoided.

In einer weiteren Ausführung wird der Schalter im oberen Bereich mit einem zusätzlichen Volumen zur Aufnahme einer bestimmten Menge zusätzlicher Isolierflüssigkeit versehen, um den bei Zersetzung durch Schaltvorgänge und / oder Erhitzung der Überschaltwiderstände entstehenden Ölverlust zu ersetzen. Das bei der Ölzersetzung entstehende Gas steigt nach oben und sammelt sich in diesem zusätzlichen Raum. Durch das erheblich größere Gasvolumen kommt es zu einem Überdruck im Schaltergefäß. Überschreitet der Druck im Schalter einen vorbestimmten Grenzwert, so öffnet das während des normalen Betriebes geschlossene Druckentlastungsventil und stellt eine Druckentlastung mit der den Schalter umgebenden Atmosphäre her.In a further embodiment, the switch is provided in the upper area with an additional volume for receiving a certain amount of additional insulating liquid to replace the oil loss resulting from decomposition by switching operations and / or heating of the switching resistors. The gas produced by the oil decomposition rises and collects in this additional space. The significantly larger gas volume leads to an overpressure in the switch vessel. If the pressure in the switch exceeds a predetermined limit value, the pressure relief valve which is closed during normal operation opens and produces a pressure relief with the atmosphere surrounding the switch.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Gestaltung der Volumenkompensationseinrichtung lässt sich ein völliger Abschluss der Isolierflüssigkeit des Schalters von der Atmosphäre / Umgebungsluft erreichen. Die Aufnahme von Feuchtigkeit und Sauerstoff durch die Isolierflüssigkeit wird verhindert. Eine Beeinflussung der elektr. Durchschlagfestigkeit der Isolierflüssigkeit durch Feuchtigkeit wird vermieden sowie die Alterung der Isolierflüssigkeit deutlich herabgesetzt.Due to the inventive design of the volume compensation device can be a complete completion of the insulating liquid of the switch from the atmosphere / ambient air reach. The absorption of moisture and oxygen by the insulating liquid is prevented. An influence of the electr. Damping strength of the insulating liquid by moisture is avoided and the aging of the insulating significantly reduced.

Das äußere Ausdehnungsgefäß, der Luftentfeuchter sowie die zugehörigen Rohrleitungen können entfallen. Die regelmäßige Prüfung des Zustandes des Trocknungsmittels im Luftentfeuchter kann eingespart werden und es kommt zu Kosteneinsparungen durch den Entfall des kostspieligen regelmäßigen Austausches des Trocknungsmittels. Umweltverschmutzungs- und Entsorgungsprobleme durch verbrauchte Trocknungsmittel werden vermieden.The outer expansion tank, the dehumidifier and the associated piping can be omitted. The regular Checking the condition of the desiccant in the dehumidifier can be saved and there are cost savings due to the elimination of the costly regular replacement of desiccant. Pollution and disposal problems caused by spent desiccants are avoided.

Vorteilhafterweise wird der erfindungsgemäße Schalter mit einem Gasablassventil (D3) ausgerüstet. Dieses kann zweckmäßigerweise derart ausgeführt oder gesteuert werden, dass es bei einem kleinen Gasdruck anspricht, nicht jedoch bei Anliegen von Isolierflüssigkeit. Dadurch ist ein ständiges Abpumpen der Gase möglich. Zum Schutz vor Überdruck dient ein Druckventil und / oder ein übliches großflächiges Druckentlastungsventil (D2). Durch die Kombination einer füllstandsunabhängigen Druckentlastungseinrichtung und einer bereits bei geringem Überdruck ansprechenden füllstandsabhängigen Druckentlastungseinrichtung, lässt sich ein sicherer Berstschutz für das Schaltergefäß bei kontinuierlicher Abfuhr sich bildender Gase ermöglichen.Advantageously, the switch according to the invention is equipped with a gas discharge valve (D3). This may conveniently be carried out or controlled so that it responds to a small gas pressure, but not in case of insulating liquid. As a result, a constant pumping of the gases is possible. To protect against overpressure is a pressure valve and / or a conventional large-scale pressure relief valve (D2). The combination of a level-independent pressure relief device and a level-dependent pressure relief device that responds even at low overpressure, enables safe burst protection for the switch vessel with continuous removal of forming gases.

Die Geschwindigkeit des notwendigen Volumenausgleiches bei Erwärmung ist von den thermischen Zeitkonstanten des Transformators und des Schalters sowie den Betriebsbedingungen abhängig, erfolgt aber in jedem Falle recht langsam. Um im Fehlerfall schwallartige Volumenänderungen (Entstehung großer Gasmengen durch Zersetzung von Isolierflüssigkeit) von der Ausgeichsvorrichtung fernzuhalten, ist die Anbringung von Druckdämpfern (DD) im Kanal zur Ausgleichsvorrichtung vorteilhaft. Diese Druckdämpfer (DD) können aus einer Querschnittsverengung auf dem Weg der Isolierflüssigkeit zum Ausgleichskörper gebildet werden.The speed of the necessary volume compensation when heated depends on the thermal time constants of the transformer and the switch as well as the operating conditions, but is always quite slow. In order to keep surge-like volume changes (generation of large quantities of gas due to decomposition of insulating liquid) in the event of a fault, the attachment of pressure dampers (DD) in the channel to the compensating device is advantageous. These pressure dampers (DD) can be formed from a cross-sectional constriction on the way the insulating liquid to the balancing body.

Gleichzeitig ist eine die Gasabfuhr wenig behindernde und verzögernde Führung der Gase zu einem Druckentlastungsventil (D2) oder einer anderen Druckminderungsvorrichtung vorzusehen.At the same time, the gas discharge is slightly obstructive and retarding guidance of the gases to a pressure relief valve (D2) or another pressure reducing device.

In einer weiteren besonderen Ausführungsform wird der Ausgleichskörper mit einem Federelement (F1) versehen, um ein vorbestimmtes Druckspiel zu erzielen. Diese Federelemente können auch durch den Körper des Kompensators selbst gebildet werden.In a further particular embodiment, the compensating body is provided with a spring element (F1) in order to achieve a predetermined pressure play. These spring elements can also be formed by the body of the compensator itself.

In einer speziellen Ausführung wird die Ausgleichsvorrichtung mit einer Volumenbegrenzung in eine oder auch beide Richtungen ausgerüstet. Dadurch kann beispielsweise im Schaltergefäß ein besonderen Anforderungen entsprechendes Druckspiel realisiert werden. Diese Begrenzung ist ebenfalls durch eine Hubbegrenzung der Ausgleichselemente sowie eine mehrteilige Ausgeich-Vorrichtung mit Kammern unterschiedlicher Federkonstante möglich.In a special embodiment, the compensating device is equipped with a volume limitation in one or both directions. As a result, for example, in the switch vessel a special requirements corresponding printing game can be realized. This limitation is also possible by a stroke limitation of the compensation elements and a multi-part exciter device with chambers of different spring constant.

In weiteren Ausführungsformen werden die Gaspolster derart gestaltet, dass eine Einbindung in Funktionsteile des Schalters ermöglicht wird und somit nur geringer Raumbedarf notwendig ist. Ein Ausführungsbeispiel für diese Lösung ist die Verwendung metallischer Dehnkörper als Abschirmelektrode.In further embodiments, the gas cushions are designed such that an integration into functional parts of the switch is made possible and thus only a small space requirement is necessary. An embodiment of this solution is the use of metallic strainers as Abschirmelektrode.

Die Ausführung der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgleichskörper ist als metallischer Kompensator, Blasenspeicher, Rollmembran, Foliensack, Kunststoffmembran oder Gummikompensator möglich. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung kommen die benötigten Ausgleichskörper (K) nicht in Kontakt mit der Atmosphäre (1), so dass die Korrosion von Metallkompensatoren unter Feuchtigkeit sowie das Altern von Kunststoffmembranen unter Einwirkung von Feuchtigkeit, Sauerstoff und Ozon vermieden werden. Dadurch werden die Anforderungen an die verwendeten Ausgleichskörper deutlich vermindert.The execution of the compensating body according to the invention is possible as a metallic compensator, bladder accumulator, rolling diaphragm, foil bag, plastic membrane or rubber compensator. By virtue of the arrangement according to the invention, the required compensation bodies (K) do not come into contact with the atmosphere (1), so that the corrosion of metal compensators under moisture as well as the aging of plastic membranes under the action of moisture, oxygen and ozone are avoided. As a result, the requirements for the balancing body used are significantly reduced.

In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführung werden diese Verdrängungselemente durch einfache gasgefüllte Ballons, deren Wand durch eine Metallfolie gebildet wird, dargestellt. Besonders kostengünstig ist die Verwendung von ölbeständigem Gummi oder Kunststoff beziehungsweise Folien aus den genannten Materialien. Zur Erreichung der Gasundurchlässigkeit können die Verdrängungskörper aus metallisierter Kunststofffolie oder dünner Metallfolie bestehen. Um die erforderlichen thermischen und- elastischen Eigenschaften bei einer extrem geringen Gasdiffusion zu erzielen, können Mehrschichtfolien zum Einsatz kommen (z.B: unter Einsatz von: Ethylen-Chlortrifluorethylen-Copolymeren / Fluorierten Ethylen-Propylen-Copolymeren / Nitril-Butadin-Kautschuk). Die verwendeten Materialien können ebenfalls mit einer Textil- oder Glasfasereinlage versehen sein.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, these displacement elements are represented by simple gas-filled balloons whose wall is formed by a metal foil. Particularly cost is the use of oil-resistant rubber or plastic or films of the materials mentioned. To achieve the gas impermeability, the displacement body may consist of metallized plastic film or thin metal foil. In order to achieve the required thermal and elastic properties with extremely low gas diffusion, multilayer films may be used (e.g., using: ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymers / fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers / nitrile-butadiene rubber). The materials used can also be provided with a textile or fiberglass insert.

Außerdem sind Kompensatoren möglich, welche einen Unterdruck oder Vakuum aufweisen und über Federelemente gedehnt oder gestreckt werden. Die Änderung von Form und Volumen wird in diesem Fall durch das Zusammenspiel von Federkraft und Kompensatorinnendruck mit dem Schalterdruck bestimmt.In addition, compensators are possible, which have a vacuum or vacuum and are stretched or stretched over spring elements. The change of shape and volume is determined in this case by the interaction of spring force and compensator internal pressure with the switch pressure.

Vorteilhafterweise sind die Verdrängungskörper so dimensioniert, dass sie vakuumfest sind, um den für Großtransformatoren üblichen Füllprozess zuzulassen. Diese Festigkeit kann bei Folien durch Kombination geeigneter Abmessungen und Wandstärken, aber auch durch eine Stützkonstruktion erfolgen.Advantageously, the displacement body are dimensioned so that they are vacuum-resistant to allow the usual filling process for large transformers. This strength can be done in films by combining suitable dimensions and wall thickness, but also by a support structure.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher beschrieben.The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments.

Figur 1 zeigt einen Schalter (S1) mit einem Schalterkopf (SK), welcher am Deckel (TD) eines Transformators angeordnet ist. Der Raum innerhalb des Schalters (S1) ist mit Isolierflüssigkeit gefüllt. Da -das Gehäuse des Schalters (SW) diesen hermetisch abschließt, kommt es bei Erwärmung der Isolierflüssigkeit des Schalters zu einer Erhöhung des Innendruckes im Schalter. Diese Druckerhöhung bewirkt eine Kompression des Gases in den Ausgleichsvorrichtungen (K3, K6). Sich durch thermische Ölzersetzung bildende Gase steigen nach oben und werden zu einer Überwachungseinrichtung (B3) geführt. Ist die Gasmenge zu groß, wird Gas über ein Ventil (D3) abgelassen. FIG. 1 shows a switch (S1) with a switch head (SK), which is arranged on the cover (TD) of a transformer. The space inside the switch (S1) is with insulating liquid filled. Since the housing of the switch (SW) hermetically seals, it comes when heating the insulating liquid of the switch to an increase in the internal pressure in the switch. This pressure increase causes a compression of the gas in the balancing devices ( K3, K6). Gases forming by thermal decomposition of oil rise upwards and are guided to a monitoring device (B3). If the amount of gas is too large, gas is released through a valve (D3).

Durch diese erfindungsgemäße Anordnung wird der Ausgleichskörper zum Bestandteil des Schalters. Zusätzliche externe Baugruppen entfallen und führen zu einer Vereinfachung des gesamten Transformators. Vorteilhafterweise werden im Schalter sowieso vorhandene Bauteile in die Gestaltung der Ausgleichskörper einbezogen.By this arrangement according to the invention, the compensation s body is part of the switch. Additional external assemblies are eliminated and simplify the entire transformer. Advantageously, any existing components in the switch anyway included in the design of the compensation body.

Figur 2 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem die Ausgleichskörper durch Faltenbälge gebildet werden. Im Ausführungsbeispiel sind diese Ausgleichskörper (K3, K6) sowohl im Unterteil des Schalters, als auch im aus einem Isolierzylinder gebildeten Zentralrohr des Schalters (Z1) untergebracht. Im Ausführungsbeispiel sind weiterhin Teile der elektrischen Abschirmungen (A2) als metallische Dehnkörper gestaltet. FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which the compensation body are formed by bellows. In the exemplary embodiment, these compensating bodies (K3, K6) are accommodated both in the lower part of the switch and in the central tube of the switch (Z1) formed from an insulating cylinder. In the exemplary embodiment, parts of the electrical shields (A2) are also designed as metallic expansion bodies.

Figur 3 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem der Volumenausgleich durch eine Vielzahl von Ausgleichskörpern (K5) gebildet wird. Diese Ausgleichskörper behindern das Aufsteigen der durch thermische Zersetzung von Isolierflüssigkeit entstehenden Gase nicht. Im Ausführungsbeispiel sammeln sich diese Gase in den Zwischenräumen der im Kopfbereich untergebrachten Ausgleichskörper (K5) und verdrängen dort Isolierflüssigkeit. Bei Vorhandensein einer vorbestimmten Gasmenge (Ölstand) bewirkt die Mess- und Steuereinheit (M64) ein Öffnen des FIG. 3 shows an embodiment in which the volume compensation by a plurality of compensation bodies (K5) is formed. These balancing bodies do not hinder the rise of the gases resulting from the thermal decomposition of insulating liquid. In the exemplary embodiment, these gases collect in the interstices of the compensating body (K5) accommodated in the head region and displace insulating liquid there. In the presence of a predetermined amount of gas (Oil level) causes the measuring and control unit (M64) to open the

Gasablassventiles (M67) und die Schadgase gelangen in die Atmosphäre (1) oder in eine zwischengeschaltete Auswerteeinheit (Gasanalyse). Diese Ausgleichskörper lassen sich kostengünstig produzieren und in verschiedenen Schaltertypen in unterschiedlicher Menge einbringen.Gas discharge valves (M67) and the noxious gases reach the atmosphere (1) or an intermediate evaluation unit (gas analysis). These balancing bodies can be produced inexpensively and introduced in different types of switches in different amounts.

Die im Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellten Ausgleichskörper lassen sich in den verschiedensten Bereichen des Schalters unterbringen. Diese Ausführung ermöglicht weiterhin die Nutzung einer Vielzahl so genannter toter Räume für den Volumenausgleich. Im Ausführungsbeispiel sind diese Ausgleichskörper sowohl im Kopfbereich des Schalters, als auch im aus einem Isolierzylinder gebildeten Zentralrohr des Schalters (Z1) untergebracht. Bei Undichtwerden einzelner Zellen füllen sich nur diese Einzelzellen mit Öl, das Gesamtsystem wird nicht gefährdet. Entweichendes Gas gelangt zum Buchholzschutz und führt bei Beschädigung einer entsprechenden Menge von Verdrängungselementen zum Auslösen desselben. Werden Ausgleichskörper (K5) im unteren Bereich des Schalters untergebracht, so verhindert eine Arretierung (GS) ein Aufsteigen dieser Ausgleichkörper. Diese Arretierung wird vorteilhafterweise derart gestaltet, dass sie bei Defekten von einzelnen Ausgleichskörpern freiwerdende Gase von elektrisch beanspruchten Teilen fernhält. Vorteilhafterweise werden diese Gase im Zentralzylinder (Z1) oder der Schalterwelle sicher in den Kopfbereich des Schalters geleitet.The compensating body shown in the embodiment can be accommodated in various areas of the switch. This design also allows the use of a variety of so-called dead spaces for volume compensation. In the exemplary embodiment, these compensating bodies are accommodated both in the head region of the switch and in the central tube of the switch (Z1) formed from an insulating cylinder. If individual cells leak, only these individual cells fill up with oil, the entire system is not endangered. Escaping gas reaches the Buchholzschutz and leads in case of damage of a corresponding amount of displacement elements to trigger the same. If compensating bodies (K5) are accommodated in the lower area of the switch, then a locking mechanism (GS) prevents these compensating bodies from rising. This lock is advantageously designed so that it keeps away from electrically stressed parts in case of defects of individual compensation bodies released gases. Advantageously, these gases in the central cylinder (Z1) or the switch shaft safely directed into the head of the switch.

Figur 4 zeigt einen Schalter, welcher im oberen Bereich des Gehäuses (SW) mit einem zusätzlichen Volumen (VZ) zur Aufnahme einer geeigneten Menge zusätzlicher Isolierflüssigkeit versehen ist, um den bei Ölzersetzung, beispielsweise durch Erhitzung der Überschaltwiderstände, entstehenden Ölverlust zu ersetzen. Da das Ölvolumen im Verhältnis zu dem bei der Zersetzung entstehenden Gasvolumen sehr klein ist, genügt eine geringe Menge Isolierflüssigkeit für den zwischen Hauptinspektionen liegenden Zeitraum. Beim erfindungsgemäßen Einsatz von Vakuumschaltzellen (SZ) ist, durch die bei diesen deutlich geringere thermisch bedingte Ölzersetzung, die Unterbringung des gesamten Ölvorrates für die Lebensdauer des Schalters möglich. Das bei der Ölzersetzung entstehende Gas steigt nach oben und sammelt sich in diesem zusätzlichen Raum (VZ). Durch das erheblich größere Gasvolumen kommt es zu einem Überdruck im Schaltergefäß. Überschreitet der Druck im Schalter einen vorbestimmten Grenzwert, so öffnet der während des normalen Betriebes geschlossene Gasablass (M67) und stellt eine Druckentlastung mit der den Schalter umgebenden Atmosphäre (1) her. Vorteilhafterweise regelt eine Steuerung (M51, M64) dass ein Ansprechen des Gasablasses (M67) nur erfolgt, wenn eine vorbestimmte Menge Gas im Kopfbereich des Schalters vorhanden ist. FIG. 4 shows a switch which is provided in the upper region of the housing (SW) with an additional volume (VZ) for receiving a suitable amount of additional insulating liquid to replace the oil loss resulting from oil degradation, for example by heating the switching resistors. Since the volume of oil is very small in relation to the gas volume produced during the decomposition, one suffices small amount of insulating fluid for the period between main inspections. In the use of vacuum switching cells (SZ) according to the invention, the storage of the entire oil supply for the life of the switch is possible by the significantly lower thermally induced oil decomposition in these. The gas produced during the oil decomposition rises and collects in this additional space (VZ). The significantly larger gas volume leads to an overpressure in the switch vessel. If the pressure in the switch exceeds a predetermined limit value, the gas outlet (M67) which is closed during normal operation opens and establishes a pressure relief with the atmosphere (1) surrounding the switch. Advantageously, a controller (M51, M64) controls that the gas release (M67) responds only when a predetermined amount of gas is present in the head of the switch.

Den Schutz vor Druckwellen übernimmt das Druckentlastungsventil (D2). Das Nachfließen des Öles aus dem oberen Teil des Schalterraumes (VZ) sowie der Ablass des entstehenden Gases ermöglichen eine weitgehende Wartungsfreiheit des Schalters bei kleiner Baugröße, vollständigem Abschluss der Isolierflüssigkeit von der Atmosphäre und ohne Benötigung eines äußeren Ölausdehnungsgefäßes.Protection against pressure waves is provided by the pressure relief valve (D2). The subsequent flow of the oil from the upper part of the switch room (VZ) and the discharge of the resulting gas allow a substantial freedom from maintenance of the switch with a small size, complete isolation of the insulating liquid from the atmosphere and without the need for an outer oil conservator.

Figur 5 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäß ausgeführten Schalters, bei dem die Ausdehnung des Kompensators (K6) über eine im Zentralrohr (Z1) untergebrachte Verbindung zu einer Auswerteinheit (M6) übertragen wird und zur Anzeige von Füllstand und / oder Druck benutzt wird. Ebenfalls dargestellt ist die Übertragung der Kompensatorbewegung über einen Geber (M3) (z.B.: Permanentmagnet) auf eine Erfassungseinheit (M2). FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a switch according to the invention, in which the expansion of the compensator (K6) via a central pipe (Z1) accommodated connection to an evaluation unit (M6) is transmitted and used to display level and / or pressure. Also shown is the transfer of Kompensatorbewegung a transmitter (M3) (eg. A permanent magnet) to a detection unit (M2).

Claims (18)

  1. Electric switch (S1) having a housing (SW) filled with a liquid,
    characterized in that
    the housing is tightly sealed and a gas cushion is provided for absorbing the thermally induced volume fluctuations, which gas cushion is integrated in the switch vessel, wherein this gas cushion is formed by bodies (K3, K5, K6), which by changing their shape absorb the volume fluctuations of the insulating liquid, and by enveloping the gas cushion, mixing of gases produced by thermal decomposition of insulating liquid with the gas in the gas cushion is avoided, and wherein the switch is equipped with vacuum switching cells (SZ).
  2. Electric switch (S1) according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the gas cushion is formed by a plurality of compensating bodies.
  3. Electric switch (S1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    when compensating bodies are arranged beneath electric functional parts, the electric functional parts are protected from gas bubbles escaping as a result of sudden or gradual loss of gas from compensating bodies by means of the compensating bodies being covered and a flow channel for gas bubbles being arranged.
  4. Electric switch (S1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the compensating body (bodies) is/are provided with a spring element in order to achieve a predetermined pressure movement.
  5. Electric switch (S1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    when a specific pressure in the interior of the switch housing (SW) is exceeded, the excess pressure in the switch is reduced by shutoff means (D2, D3, M67) being opened.
  6. Electric switch (S1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the switch is equipped with a gas outlet valve (D3, M67), which is designed or controlled in such a way that it does not respond when insulating liquid is applied.
  7. Electric switch (S1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the compensating apparatus is at least partially electrically conductive and is used as a shielding electrode/electrical shield (A2).
  8. Electric switch (S1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the oil volume of the switch is reduced by designing components of the switch in a specific manner and/or introducing displacement bodies.
  9. Electric switch (S1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the compensating apparatus is formed from an elastic diaphragm.
  10. Electric switch (S1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    one or more metal compensators or bellows can be used as the compensating apparatus.
  11. Electric switch (S1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the volume compensating apparatus (K6) is protected from pressure waves (for example by sudden decomposition of oil in the case of switching operations) by pressure wave dampers (DD) .
  12. Electric switch (S1) according to Claim 11,
    characterized in that
    the pressure wave damper (DD) is formed by a reduction in cross section in the feedline to the pressure compensating apparatus.
  13. Electric switch (S1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the switch is equipped with apparatuses for detecting the fill level of the insulating liquid and/or detecting the pressure.
  14. Electric switch according to Claim 13,
    characterized in that
    the deformation of the compensating elements brought about by the change in volume is used for evaluating and/or indicating the switch oil volume.
  15. Electric switch (S1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the switch (S1) is equipped with apparatuses (D2, D3, M67) for collecting and for draining gases which form.
  16. Electric switch (S1) according to Claim 15,
    characterized in that
    these apparatuses are controlled as a function of the oil level in the switch.
  17. Electric switch (S1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    undesirable changes in position of the compensating bodies brought about by the lifting force are avoided by means of suitable stops (GS).
  18. Electric switch (S1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the switch is equipped with a volume for accommodating a small quantity of additional insulating liquid in order to replace the oil lost in the case of decomposition as a result of switching operations and/or heating of the transition resistors.
EP06763911.2A 2005-06-30 2006-06-28 Tap changer Not-in-force EP1897102B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005031359A DE102005031359B3 (en) 2005-06-30 2005-06-30 step switch
PCT/EP2006/063612 WO2007003537A1 (en) 2005-06-30 2006-06-28 Tap changer

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EP1897102A1 EP1897102A1 (en) 2008-03-12
EP1897102B1 true EP1897102B1 (en) 2018-04-25

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EP06763911.2A Not-in-force EP1897102B1 (en) 2005-06-30 2006-06-28 Tap changer

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US (1) US7928329B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1897102B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101233588B (en)
DE (1) DE102005031359B3 (en)
WO (1) WO2007003537A1 (en)

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NO2733266T3 (en) * 2012-11-14 2018-07-28
DE102013100263A1 (en) 2013-01-11 2014-07-31 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh On-load tap-changer with a connection to the oil volume of a transformer
DE102013100264A1 (en) 2013-01-11 2014-07-17 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh On-load tap-changer with a connection to the oil volume of a transformer
DE102013100266A1 (en) 2013-01-11 2014-07-17 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh OLTC
EP3109871B1 (en) 2015-06-25 2020-08-19 ABB Power Grids Switzerland AG Transformer arrangement for controlling pressure in a liquid-filled transformer
GB201619987D0 (en) 2016-11-25 2017-01-11 Iceotope Ltd Fluid cooling system
US10609839B1 (en) * 2018-09-28 2020-03-31 Liquidcool Solutions, Inc. Liquid submersion cooled electronic systems and devices
US10732164B2 (en) * 2018-12-12 2020-08-04 ZTZ Service International, Inc. System and method for headspace monitoring in transformers

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Publication number Publication date
CN101233588A (en) 2008-07-30
CN101233588B (en) 2011-10-05
US7928329B2 (en) 2011-04-19
WO2007003537A1 (en) 2007-01-11
EP1897102A1 (en) 2008-03-12
DE102005031359B3 (en) 2007-01-25
US20080198569A1 (en) 2008-08-21

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