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EP1894269B1 - Antenna assembly - Google Patents

Antenna assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1894269B1
EP1894269B1 EP06742315A EP06742315A EP1894269B1 EP 1894269 B1 EP1894269 B1 EP 1894269B1 EP 06742315 A EP06742315 A EP 06742315A EP 06742315 A EP06742315 A EP 06742315A EP 1894269 B1 EP1894269 B1 EP 1894269B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
mast
antenna arrangement
arrangement according
truncated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06742315A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1894269A1 (en
Inventor
Ralf Lorch
Rainer Müller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
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EADS Deutschland GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1894269A1 publication Critical patent/EP1894269A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1894269B1 publication Critical patent/EP1894269B1/en
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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/528Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the re-radiation of a support structure
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/02Structures made of specified materials
    • E04H12/08Structures made of specified materials of metal
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1242Rigid masts specially adapted for supporting an aerial
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/34Adaptation for use in or on ships, submarines, buoys or torpedoes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna arrangement according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • An antenna arrangement which comprises a mast and arranged on the mast antenna elements, wherein the mast is composed of a plurality of frusto-conical elements.
  • the antenna comprises a mast section, which serves as a UHF antenna and another mast section, which serves as a VHF antenna.
  • Such an antenna arrangement is often used in DF antenna systems, as used on ships of the Navy.
  • a known requirement for such ships is known to be the invisibility of the respective ship for the opposing radar.
  • the DF antennas are always located at the top of a mast of a ship, they first protrude above the horizon and can thus easily be detected.
  • Decisive for the detection of an object by means of radar is the respective monostatic radar backscatter cross section of the respective object.
  • the application results in a threat sector to be optimized which corresponds to the angular range of the possible incident radar radiation of the opposing radar.
  • the object of the invention is to specify a generic antenna arrangement with an optimized, low monostatic Radar Wegstreuquerrough for the threat sector.
  • the antenna arrangement according to the invention comprises a mast and antenna elements arranged on the mast, wherein the mast is constructed from a plurality of frustoconical elements and wherein a surface normal of the antenna elements with the perpendicular to the mast axis z is an angle
  • the mast axis z coincides with the symmetrical axis of each frusto-conical element.
  • the individual frustoconical elements of the mast are alternately connected to one another at the base surfaces and at the ceiling surfaces.
  • the areas of the superposed ground and ceiling surfaces are expediently the same.
  • the area perpendicular to the symmetrical axis of the truncated cone, which results from the largest diameter of the truncated cone is called the base area.
  • the ceiling surface correspondingly designates that surface of the truncated cone which results from the smallest diameter of the truncated cone.
  • the mast thus consists essentially of several double cone stumps.
  • the transitions between the individual double truncated cones are expediently homogeneous, ie no flanges are used.
  • the surface normal on the lateral surfaces of two adjacent, connected to the ceiling surfaces frustoconical mast elements at an angle less than 90 °. This prevents the two lateral surfaces from serving as an ideal reflector.
  • the mast is applied to a base plate.
  • the mast is advantageously applied to the base plate such that a normal to the top the base plate forms an obtuse angle with a normal to the lateral surface of the first frusto-conical element applied to the base plate. This ensures a secure position of the mast.
  • Fig. 1 shows a section of a known antenna arrangement, as it is known for example from [1].
  • the arrangement is characterized by a substantially cylindrical masts 1, on which radially symmetrical antenna elements 2 are arranged.
  • the antenna elements are expediently designed as dipole elements.
  • the holder (not shown) of the antenna elements 2 on the mast via known measures, such as non-conductive connections.
  • Fig. 2a schematically shows an exemplary section of an antenna arrangement according to the invention.
  • the section comprises two truncated cones 3, which are interconnected at their base surfaces.
  • the two truncated cones thus form a kind of double truncated cone.
  • the truncated cones 3 have a concentric through hole (not shown) with a diameter smaller than the smallest diameter of a ceiling surface of a truncated cone. This hole is used for the implementation of measuring cables, etc. (not shown).
  • the compound of the truncated cones 3 by means of executed in the interior of the truncated cones 3 screw (not shown). These screw connections are expediently accessible through the hole for cable routing.
  • a plurality of antenna elements 2 are shown, which are advantageously arranged on a circular line, wherein the circle lies in a plane perpendicular to the mast axis with a diameter greater than the maximum diameter of a frusto-conical element.
  • the antenna elements 2 are arranged uniformly on the circular line, wherein the antenna elements 2 are positioned on the circular line at a fixed angle to each other.
  • the antenna elements 2 are aligned parallel to the radially spaced lateral surface 4 of the frusto-conical element 3. Furthermore, the antenna elements 2 are aligned as dipoles D.
  • the center of gravity S of a dipole D is in the plane of the bases of the two interconnected truncated cones 3. It is also possible that the center of gravity S of a dipole D is located in the plane of the ceiling surfaces.
  • the angle ⁇ is defined as the mathematical angle between the direction a of the incident and backscattered radar radiation and the mast axis z. This results in an elevation angle (not shown) of 90 ° - ⁇ .
  • Fig. 2b shows not only the definition of the angle ⁇ but also the definition of the azimuth angle ⁇ .
  • Fig. 3 shows for a known antenna arrangement according to Fig. 1 an exemplary course of the monostatic radar backscatter as a function of the angle ⁇ and the radar frequency f.
  • Opposite shows Fig. 4 for an inventive antenna arrangement according to Fig. 2a an exemplary course of the monostatic radar backscatter as a function of the angle ⁇ and the radar frequency f. From the comparison of Fig. 3 With Fig. 4 It is clear that the monostatic radar backscatter for the antenna arrangement according to the invention was substantially reduced at the respective radar frequencies in the angular range near the mast vertical.
  • the monostatic radar backscatter of a mast section of a known antenna arrangement at 2.5 GHz, at an angle ⁇ of 87.5 ° about -5dB see. Fig. 3 ).
  • the monostatic radar backscatter at 2.5 GHz at an angle ⁇ of 87.5 ° is about -22.5 dB.
  • Fig. 7 is the course of the monostatic radar backscatter for a mast of an antenna arrangement according to the invention, as in Fig. 5 is shown with an exemplary length L of 1m and an exemplary maximum diameter DM of 125 mm as a function of the angle ⁇ and the radar frequency f.
  • Fig. 6 shows Fig. 6 the course of the monostatic radar backscattering of a cylindrical mast with an exemplary length of 1 m and an exemplary diameter of 125 mm as a function of the angle ⁇ and the radar frequency f. From the comparison of Fig. 6 With Fig. 7 It becomes clear that the monostatic radar backscattering for a mast of the antenna arrangement according to the invention was substantially reduced at the respective radar frequencies.
  • the monostatic radar backscatter of a mast of a known antenna arrangement at 2.5 GHz, at an elevation angle of 87.5 ° about -13dB see. Fig. 3 ).
  • the monostatic radar backscatter at 2.5 GHz at an angle ⁇ of 87.5 ° is about -22.5 dB.
  • the antenna arrangement according to the invention it is thus possible to reduce the monostatic backscatter in the azimuth range 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 360 ° and in the range 60 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 90 °, the latter corresponding to an elevation range of 0 ° to 30 °.
  • Fig. 8 finally shows a further exemplary inventive antenna arrangement.
  • This antenna arrangement comprises in an upper section A of the mast 1 an arrangement for a UHF antenna and in a lower section B an arrangement for a VHF antenna.
  • the antenna elements 2 are in multiple Layers arranged perpendicular to the mast axis z, whereby it is possible to operate individual sections A, B of the antenna arrangement, each having different frequency ranges.
  • the antenna arrangement it is possible for the antenna arrangement to be subdivided into several sections, each section being assigned to a different frequency area from the UHF and / or VHF area.
  • the length of the surface line s1, s2 of a frusto-conical element 3 is advantageously greater than the wavelength of the radar wavelength incident on the antenna arrangement. Furthermore, the circumference of the frusto-conical element 3 with the largest diameter DM is greater than the wavelength of the radar wavelength incident on the antenna arrangement. It is possible that the length of the generatrix s2 of a frusto-conical element 3 differs from the length of the generatrix s1 of another frusto-conical element 3.
  • the antenna elements are advantageously connected via non-conductive mounts H to the mast 1.
  • the antenna elements 2 have a flat surface.
  • the antenna elements 2 are expediently aligned parallel to the lateral surface 4 of the frustoconical element 3.
  • the mast 1 optimized with respect to the radar backscatter serves as a reflector for the antenna elements 2.
  • the antenna elements 2 are expediently not aligned parallel to the lateral surface 4 of the frusto-conical element 3.
  • the antenna elements 2 may be suitably arranged as five-element interferometer antennas.
  • the antenna elements 2 can continue to be advantageous be made of a printed circuit board material, in particular components such as resistors, capacitors or coils are integrated into the antenna elements 2 (not shown). These components serve as damping elements and influence the antenna properties. As a result, for example, the bandwidth of the antenna can be increased. Furthermore, the radiation coupling between the individual antenna elements 2 can thereby be reduced.
  • other antenna elements 2 can be used in the upper section A than in the lower section B.
  • the surface normal S_E of the antenna elements 2 forms an angle
  • the individual frustoconical elements 3 of the mast 1 are alternately connected to each other at the base surfaces and on the ceiling surfaces and the superposed ground and ceiling surfaces are the same.
  • the mast 1 thus consists essentially of several double truncated cones.
  • the transitions between the individual double truncated cones are expediently made homogeneous, i. no flanges are used.
  • the surface normals L1, L2 on the lateral surfaces 4 of two adjacent frustoconical mast elements 3 an angle ⁇ smaller than 90 °. This prevents that the two adjacent lateral surfaces 4 serve as an ideal reflector.
  • the mast 1 is applied to a base plate P.
  • the mast 1 is advantageously applied to the base plate P in such a way that a normal L3 forms an obtuse angle ⁇ on the upper side of the base plate P with a normal L4 on the lateral surface 4 of the first frustoconical element 3 applied to the base plate P.
  • a secure state of the mast 1 is ensured.
  • the proposed antenna arrangement can be used in transmitting and / or receiving antennas as well as DF antennas.
  • the frequency range in which the antenna arrangement can be operated is in the HF range between 1.0 MHz and 30 MHz, in the VHF range between 20 MHz and 200 MHz, in the UHF range between 200 MHz and 3000 MHz.
  • the antenna arrangement can also be operated at lower or higher frequencies.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

The assembly has a mast (1) and antenna structures (2) that are mounted on the mast. The mast is constructed from truncated cone shaped structures (3) and a surface normal of the antenna structures forms an angle with a normal (S a) in the mast axis z of between 5 and 35 degrees. The cone-shaped structures are alternatively connected with one another at the base surface and the cover surface.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Antennenanordnung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to an antenna arrangement according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Aus Druckschrift US6173537 ist eine Antennenanordnung bekannt, welche einen Mast sowie an dem Mast angeordnete Antennenelemente umfasst, wobei der Mast aus mehreren kegelstumpfförmigen Elementen aufgebaut ist.From publication US6173537 An antenna arrangement is known, which comprises a mast and arranged on the mast antenna elements, wherein the mast is composed of a plurality of frusto-conical elements.

Aus [1] ist eine Anordnung einer Peilantenne bekannt. Die Antenne umfasst dabei einen Mastabschnitt, welcher als UHF-Antenne dient und einen weiteren Mastabschnitt, welcher als VHF-Antenne dient.From [1] an arrangement of a DF antenna is known. The antenna comprises a mast section, which serves as a UHF antenna and another mast section, which serves as a VHF antenna.

Eine solche Antennenanordnung kommt oft bei Peilantennensystemen zum Einsatz, wie sie auf Schiffen der Marine verwendet werden. Eine bekannte Anforderung an solche Schiffe ist bekanntermaßen die Unsichtbarkeit des jeweiligen Schiffes für das gegnerische Radar. Da die Peilantennen stets an der Mastspitze eines Schiffs angeordnet sind, ragen diese als erstes über den Horizont und können so leicht detektiert werden. Ausschlaggebend für die Detektion eines Objekts mittels Radar ist der jeweilige monostatische Radarrückstreuquerschnitt des jeweiligen Objekts. Aus der Anwendung ergibt sich ein zu optimierender Bedrohungssektor der dem Winkelbereich der möglichen einfallenden Radarstrahlung des gegnerischen Radars entspricht.Such an antenna arrangement is often used in DF antenna systems, as used on ships of the Navy. A known requirement for such ships is known to be the invisibility of the respective ship for the opposing radar. Since the DF antennas are always located at the top of a mast of a ship, they first protrude above the horizon and can thus easily be detected. Decisive for the detection of an object by means of radar is the respective monostatic radar backscatter cross section of the respective object. The application results in a threat sector to be optimized which corresponds to the angular range of the possible incident radar radiation of the opposing radar.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine gattungsgemäße Antennenanordnung mit einem optimierten, niedrigen monostatischen Radarrückstreuquerschnitt für den Bedrohungssektor anzugeben.The object of the invention is to specify a generic antenna arrangement with an optimized, low monostatic Radarrückstreuquerschnitt for the threat sector.

Diese Aufgabe erfüllt die Antennenanordnung gemäß den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Ausführungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand von Unteransprüchen.This object is achieved by the antenna arrangement according to the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of dependent claims.

Die erfindungsgemäße Antennenanordnung umfasst einen Mast sowie an dem Mast angeordnete Antennenelemente, wobei der Mast aus mehreren kegelstumpfförmigen Elementen aufgebaut ist und wobei eine Flächennormale der Antennenelemente mit der Senkrechten auf die Mastachse z einen Winkel |α| zwischen 5° und 35° bildet.The antenna arrangement according to the invention comprises a mast and antenna elements arranged on the mast, wherein the mast is constructed from a plurality of frustoconical elements and wherein a surface normal of the antenna elements with the perpendicular to the mast axis z is an angle | α | between 5 ° and 35 °.

Die Mastachse z fällt mit der symmetrischen Achse jedes kegelstumpfförmigen Elements zusammen.The mast axis z coincides with the symmetrical axis of each frusto-conical element.

Durch diese Maßnahmen ist es möglich, die monostatische Radarrückstreuung (RCS) der Antennenanordnung im Bedrohungssektor um mehr als 10dB zu verringern. Dadurch wird die Entfernung, aus der ein gegnerisches Radar das Schiff detektieren kann wesentlich verringert. Monostatisch bedeutet hierbei, dass der Einfallsrichtung und die Ausfallsrichtung der Radarstrahlung gleich ist, oder mit anderen Worten die Radarsendeantenne und die Radarempfangsantenne des gegnerischen Radars haben die gleiche Position. Dies ist bei den meisten Radaranlagen der Fall (z. B. einem Schiffsradar)Through these measures, it is possible to reduce the monostatic radar backscatter (RCS) of the antenna array in the threat sector by more than 10dB. This substantially reduces the range from which an opposing radar can detect the ship. In this case, monostatic means that the direction of incidence and the direction of failure of the radar radiation are the same, or in other words, the radar transmission antenna and the radar reception antenna of the opposing radar have the same position. This is the case with most radar systems (eg a ship's radar)

Vorteilhaft sind die einzelnen kegelstumpfförmigen Elemente des Masts abwechselnd an den Grundflächen und an den Deckenflächen miteinander verbunden. Die Flächeninhalte der aufeinander liegenden Grund- und Deckenflächen sind zweckmäßig jeweils gleich. Als Grundfläche wird im Weiteren die Fläche senkrecht zur symmetrischen Achse des Kegelstumpfes bezeichnet, welche sich aus dem größten Durchmesser des Kegelstumpfes ergibt. Die Deckenfläche bezeichnet entsprechend diejenige Fläche des Kegelstumpfes, welche sich aus dem kleinsten Durchmesser des Kegelstumpfes ergibt.
Der Mast besteht somit im Wesentlichen aus mehreren Doppelkegelstümpfen. Die Übergänge zwischen den einzelnen Doppelkegelstümpfen sind zweckmäßig homogen ausgeführt, d.h. es werden keine Flansche verwendet. Insbesondere weisen in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung die Flächennormalen auf den Mantelflächen zweier benachbarter, an den Deckenflächen miteinander verbundener kegelstumpfförmiger Mastelemente einen Winkel kleiner als 90° auf. Dadurch wird verhindert, dass die beiden Mantelflächen als idealer Rückstrahler dienen.
Advantageously, the individual frustoconical elements of the mast are alternately connected to one another at the base surfaces and at the ceiling surfaces. The areas of the superposed ground and ceiling surfaces are expediently the same. In the following, the area perpendicular to the symmetrical axis of the truncated cone, which results from the largest diameter of the truncated cone, is called the base area. The ceiling surface correspondingly designates that surface of the truncated cone which results from the smallest diameter of the truncated cone.
The mast thus consists essentially of several double cone stumps. The transitions between the individual double truncated cones are expediently homogeneous, ie no flanges are used. In particular, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the surface normal on the lateral surfaces of two adjacent, connected to the ceiling surfaces frustoconical mast elements at an angle less than 90 °. This prevents the two lateral surfaces from serving as an ideal reflector.

Zweckmäßig ist der Mast auf einer Grundplatte aufgebracht. Hierbei ist der Mast vorteilhaft derart auf die Grundplatte aufgebracht, dass eine Normale auf die Oberseite der Grundplatte mit einer Normalen auf die Mantelfläche des ersten auf die Grundplatte aufgebrachten kegelstumpfförmigen Elements einen stumpfen Winkel bildet. Dadurch wird ein sicherer Stand des Masts gewährleistet.Suitably, the mast is applied to a base plate. Here, the mast is advantageously applied to the base plate such that a normal to the top the base plate forms an obtuse angle with a normal to the lateral surface of the first frusto-conical element applied to the base plate. This ensures a secure position of the mast.

Die Erfindung sowie weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungen werden im Weiteren anhand von Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
schematisch einen Mastabschnitt einer Antennenanordnung gemäß dem Stand der Technik,
Fig. 2
schematisch einen Mastabschnitt einer beispielhaften erfindungsgemäßen Antennenanordnung,
Fig. 3
für einen Mastabschnitt einer Antennenanordnung gemäß Fig. 1 einen beispielhaften Verlauf der monostatischen Radarrückstreuung in Abhängigkeit des Winkels Θ und der Radarfrequenz f,
Fig. 4
für einen Mastabschnitt einer erfindungsgemäßen Antennenanordnung gemäß Fig. 2 einen beispielhaften Verlauf der monostatischen Radarrückstreuung in Abhängigkeit des Winkels Θ und der Radarfrequenz f,
Fig. 5
eine beispielhafte Darstellung eines bezüglich der monostatischen Radarrückstreuung optimierten Masts,
Fig. 6
den Verlauf der monostatischen Radarrückstreuung für einen zylindrischen Mast der beispielhaften Länge von 1 m und einem beispielhaften Durchmesser von 125 mm in Abhängigkeit des Winkels Θ und der Radarfrequenz f.
Fig. 7
den Verlauf der monostatischen Radarrückstreuung für einen Mast einer erfindungsgemäßen Antennenanordnung der beispielhaften Länge von 1 m und einem beispielhaften maximalen Durchmesser von 125 mm in Abhängigkeit des Winkels Θ und der Radarfrequenz f.
Fig. 8
eine beispielhafte erfindungsgemäße Antennenanordnung mit einem Mastabschnitt für eine UHF-Antenne und einen weiteren Abschnitt für eine VHF-Antenne.
The invention and further advantageous embodiments will be explained in more detail with reference to figures. Show it:
Fig. 1
schematically a mast section of an antenna arrangement according to the prior art,
Fig. 2
1 schematically a mast section of an exemplary antenna arrangement according to the invention,
Fig. 3
for a mast section of an antenna arrangement according to Fig. 1 an exemplary course of the monostatic radar backscatter as a function of the angle Θ and the radar frequency f,
Fig. 4
for a mast section of an antenna arrangement according to the invention Fig. 2 an exemplary course of the monostatic radar backscatter as a function of the angle Θ and the radar frequency f,
Fig. 5
an exemplary representation of a with respect to the monostatic radar backscatter optimized mast,
Fig. 6
the course of the monostatic radar backscatter for a cylindrical mast of exemplary length of 1 m and an exemplary diameter of 125 mm as a function of the angle Θ and the radar frequency f.
Fig. 7
the course of the monostatic radar backscatter for a mast of an antenna arrangement according to the invention of the exemplary length of 1 m and an exemplary maximum diameter of 125 mm as a function of the angle Θ and the radar frequency f.
Fig. 8
an exemplary antenna arrangement according to the invention with a mast section for a UHF antenna and another section for a VHF antenna.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Ausschnitt einer bekannten Antennenanordnung, wie sie z.B. aus [1] bekannt ist. Die Anordnung zeichnet sich durch einen im Wesentlichen zylindrischen Masten 1 aus, an welchen radialsymmetrisch Antennenelemente 2 angeordnet sind. Die Antennenelemente sind zweckmäßig als Dipolelemente ausgebildet. Die Halterung (nicht dargestellt) der Antennenelemente 2 an dem Mast erfolgt über bekannte Maßnahmen, z.B. nichtleitende Verbindungen. Fig. 1 shows a section of a known antenna arrangement, as it is known for example from [1]. The arrangement is characterized by a substantially cylindrical masts 1, on which radially symmetrical antenna elements 2 are arranged. The antenna elements are expediently designed as dipole elements. The holder (not shown) of the antenna elements 2 on the mast via known measures, such as non-conductive connections.

Fig. 2a zeigt schematisch einen beispielhaften Abschnitt einer erfindungsgemäßen Antennenanordnung. Der Abschnitt umfasst zwei Kegelstümpfe 3, welche an ihren Grundflächen miteinander verbunden sind. Die beiden Kegelstümpfe bilden somit eine Art Doppelkegelstumpf.
Zweckmäßig weisen die Kegelstümpfe 3 ein konzentrisches durchgängiges Loch (nicht dargestellt) auf mit einem Durchmesser kleiner als der kleinste Durchmesser einer Deckenfläche eines Kegelstumpfes. Dieses Loch dient der Durchführung von Messkabeln etc. (nicht dargestellt).
Die Verbindung der Kegelstümpfe 3 erfolgt mittels im Innern der Kegelstümpfe 3 ausgeführter Schraubverbindungen (nicht dargestellt). Diese Schraubverbindungen sind zweckmäßig durch das Loch zur Kabelführung erreichbar.
Fig. 2a schematically shows an exemplary section of an antenna arrangement according to the invention. The section comprises two truncated cones 3, which are interconnected at their base surfaces. The two truncated cones thus form a kind of double truncated cone.
Suitably, the truncated cones 3 have a concentric through hole (not shown) with a diameter smaller than the smallest diameter of a ceiling surface of a truncated cone. This hole is used for the implementation of measuring cables, etc. (not shown).
The compound of the truncated cones 3 by means of executed in the interior of the truncated cones 3 screw (not shown). These screw connections are expediently accessible through the hole for cable routing.

In Fig. 2a sind mehrere Antennenelemente 2 dargestellt, welche vorteilhaft auf einer Kreislinie angeordnet sind, wobei der Kreis in einer Ebene senkrecht zur Mastachse liegt mit einem Durchmesser größer als der maximale Durchmesser eines kegelstumpfförmigen Elements. Zweckmäßig sind die Antennenelemente 2 auf der Kreislinie gleichmäßig angeordnet, wobei die Antennenelemente 2 auf der Kreislinie in einem festen Winkel zueinander positioniert sind.In Fig. 2a a plurality of antenna elements 2 are shown, which are advantageously arranged on a circular line, wherein the circle lies in a plane perpendicular to the mast axis with a diameter greater than the maximum diameter of a frusto-conical element. Suitably, the antenna elements 2 are arranged uniformly on the circular line, wherein the antenna elements 2 are positioned on the circular line at a fixed angle to each other.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausführung der Erfindung sind die Antennenelemente 2 parallel zu der radial beabstandeten Mantelfläche 4 des kegelstumpfförmigen Elements 3 ausgerichtet. Des Weiteren sind die Antennenelemente 2 als Dipole D ausgerichtet. Zweckmäßig befindet sich der Schwerpunkt S eines Dipols D in der Ebene der Grundflächen der beiden miteinander verbundenen Kegelstümpfe 3. Es ist aber auch möglich, dass sich der Schwerpunkt S eines Dipols D in der Ebene der Deckenflächen befindet.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the antenna elements 2 are aligned parallel to the radially spaced lateral surface 4 of the frusto-conical element 3. Furthermore, the antenna elements 2 are aligned as dipoles D. Suitably, the center of gravity S of a dipole D is in the plane of the bases of the two interconnected truncated cones 3. It is also possible that the center of gravity S of a dipole D is located in the plane of the ceiling surfaces.

In Fig. 2a ist zusätzlich der Winkel Θ als der mathematische Winkel zwischen der Richtung a der einfallenden und rückgestreuten Radarstrahlung und der Mastachse z definiert. Daraus ergibt sich ein Elevationswinkel (nicht dargestellt) von 90°-Θ. Fig. 2b zeigt neben der Definition des Winkels Θ auch die Definition des Azimutwinkels Φ.In Fig. 2a In addition, the angle Θ is defined as the mathematical angle between the direction a of the incident and backscattered radar radiation and the mast axis z. This results in an elevation angle (not shown) of 90 ° -Θ. Fig. 2b shows not only the definition of the angle Θ but also the definition of the azimuth angle Φ.

In den Fig.3 und Fig. 4 sowie Fig. 6 und Fig. 7 ist angenommen, dass Radarstrahlung entlang der Richtung a (Fig. 2a) zur Mastachse z auf den jeweiligen Körper einfällt. Der Winkel Θ gibt somit den Einfalls- und Rückstreuwinkel der einfallenden Radarstrahlung bezogen auf die Mastachse z an. Der Azimutwinkel Φ beträgt in allen Diagrammen der Einfachheit halber 0°.In the Figure 3 and Fig. 4 such as Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 it is assumed that radar radiation along the direction a ( Fig. 2a ) incident to the mast axis z on the respective body. The angle Θ thus indicates the incident and backscatter angle of the incident radar radiation relative to the mast axis z. The azimuth angle Φ is 0 ° in all diagrams for the sake of simplicity.

Fig. 3 zeigt für eine bekannte Antennenanordnung gemäß Fig. 1 einen beispielhaften Verlauf der monostatischen Radarrückstreuung in Abhängigkeit des Winkels Θ und der Radarfrequenz f.
Dem gegenüber zeigt Fig. 4 für eine erfindungsgemäße Antennenanordnung gemäß Fig. 2a einen beispielhaften Verlauf der monostatischen Radarrückstreuung in Abhängigkeit des Winkels Θ und der Radarfrequenz f. Aus dem Vergleich der Fig. 3 mit Fig. 4 wird deutlich, dass die monostatischen Radarrückstreuung für die erfindungsgemäße Antennenanordnung bei den jeweiligen Radarfrequenzen im Winkelbereich nahe der Mastsenkrechten wesentlich verringert wurde. So beträgt beispielsweise die monostatischen Radarrückstreuung eines Mastabschnitts einer bekannten Antennenanordnung bei 2,5 GHz, bei einem Winkel Θ von 87,5° ca. -5dB (vgl. Fig. 3). Bei einem Mast einer erfindungsgemäßen Antennenanordnung beträgt die monostatischen Radarrückstreuung bei 2,5 GHz bei einem Winkel Θ von 87,5° ca. -22,5dB.
Fig. 3 shows for a known antenna arrangement according to Fig. 1 an exemplary course of the monostatic radar backscatter as a function of the angle Θ and the radar frequency f.
Opposite shows Fig. 4 for an inventive antenna arrangement according to Fig. 2a an exemplary course of the monostatic radar backscatter as a function of the angle Θ and the radar frequency f. From the comparison of Fig. 3 With Fig. 4 It is clear that the monostatic radar backscatter for the antenna arrangement according to the invention was substantially reduced at the respective radar frequencies in the angular range near the mast vertical. For example, the monostatic radar backscatter of a mast section of a known antenna arrangement at 2.5 GHz, at an angle Θ of 87.5 ° about -5dB (see. Fig. 3 ). In a mast of an antenna arrangement according to the invention, the monostatic radar backscatter at 2.5 GHz at an angle Θ of 87.5 ° is about -22.5 dB.

In Fig. 7 ist der Verlauf der monostatischen Radarrückstreuung für einen Mast einer erfindungsgemäßen Antennenanordnung, wie er in Fig. 5 dargestellt ist, mit einer beispielhaften Länge L von 1m und einem beispielhaften maximalen Durchmesser DM von 125 mm in Abhängigkeit des Winkels Θ und der Radarfrequenz f dargestellt. Dem gegenüber zeigt Fig. 6 den Verlauf der monostatischen Radarrückstreuung eines zylindrischen Masts mit einer beispielhaften Länge von 1 m und einem beispielhaften Durchmesser von 125 mm in Abhängigkeit des Winkels Θ und der Radarfrequenz f. Aus dem Vergleich der Fig. 6 mit Fig. 7 wird deutlich, dass die monostatischen Radarrückstreuung für einen Mast der erfindungsgemäßen Antennenanordnung bei den jeweiligen Radarfrequenzen wesentlich verringert wurde. So beträgt beispielsweise die monostatischen Radarrückstreuung eines Masts einer bekannten Antennenanordnung bei 2,5 GHz, bei einem Elevationswinkel von 87,5° ca. -13dB (vgl. Fig. 3). Bei einem Mast einer erfindungsgemäßen Antennenanordnung beträgt die monostatischen Radarrückstreuung bei 2,5 GHz bei einem Winkel Θ von 87,5° ca. -22,5dB.In Fig. 7 is the course of the monostatic radar backscatter for a mast of an antenna arrangement according to the invention, as in Fig. 5 is shown with an exemplary length L of 1m and an exemplary maximum diameter DM of 125 mm as a function of the angle Θ and the radar frequency f. Opposite shows Fig. 6 the course of the monostatic radar backscattering of a cylindrical mast with an exemplary length of 1 m and an exemplary diameter of 125 mm as a function of the angle Θ and the radar frequency f. From the comparison of Fig. 6 With Fig. 7 It becomes clear that the monostatic radar backscattering for a mast of the antenna arrangement according to the invention was substantially reduced at the respective radar frequencies. For example, the monostatic radar backscatter of a mast of a known antenna arrangement at 2.5 GHz, at an elevation angle of 87.5 ° about -13dB (see. Fig. 3 ). In a mast of an antenna arrangement according to the invention, the monostatic radar backscatter at 2.5 GHz at an angle Θ of 87.5 ° is about -22.5 dB.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Antennenanordnung ist es somit möglich, die monostatische Rückstreuung im Azimutbereich 0° ≤ Φ ≤ 360° und im Bereich 60° ≤ Θ ≤ 90°, wobei letzterer einem Elevationsbereich von 0° bis 30° entspricht, zu reduzieren.With the antenna arrangement according to the invention, it is thus possible to reduce the monostatic backscatter in the azimuth range 0 ° ≦ Φ ≦ 360 ° and in the range 60 ° ≦ Θ ≦ 90 °, the latter corresponding to an elevation range of 0 ° to 30 °.

Fig. 8 zeigt schließlich eine weitere beispielhafte erfindungsgemäße Antennenanordnung. Diese Antennenanordnung umfasst in einem oberen Abschnitt A des Masts 1 eine Anordnung für eine UHF-Antenne und in einem unteren Abschnitt B eine Anordnung für eine VHF-Antenne. In diesem Fall sind die Antennenelemente 2 in mehreren Ebenen senkrecht zur Mastachse z angeordnet, wodurch es möglich ist, einzelne Abschnitte A, B der Antennenanordnung mit jeweils unterschiedlichen Frequenzbereichen zu betreiben. Selbstverständlich ist es möglich, dass die Antennenanordnung in mehrere Abschnitte unterteilt ist, wobei jeder Abschnitt einem anderen Frequenzbereich aus dem UHF- und/oder VHF-Bereich zugeordnet ist. Fig. 8 finally shows a further exemplary inventive antenna arrangement. This antenna arrangement comprises in an upper section A of the mast 1 an arrangement for a UHF antenna and in a lower section B an arrangement for a VHF antenna. In this case, the antenna elements 2 are in multiple Layers arranged perpendicular to the mast axis z, whereby it is possible to operate individual sections A, B of the antenna arrangement, each having different frequency ranges. Of course, it is possible for the antenna arrangement to be subdivided into several sections, each section being assigned to a different frequency area from the UHF and / or VHF area.

Zur Reduzierung der Radarrückstreuung ist die Länge der Mantellinie s1, s2 eines kegelstumpfförmigen Elements 3 vorteilhaft größer als die Wellenlänge der auf die Antennenanordnung einfallenden Radarwellenlänge. Des Weiteren ist der Umfang des kegelstumpfförmigen Elements 3 mit dem größten Durchmesser DM größer als die Wellenlänge der auf die Antennenanordnung einfallenden Radarwellenlänge. Es ist möglich, dass sich die Länge der Mantellinie s2 eines kegelstumpfförmigen Elements 3 von der Länge der Mantellinie s1 eines anderen kegelstumpfförmigen Elementes 3 unterscheidet.To reduce the radar backscatter, the length of the surface line s1, s2 of a frusto-conical element 3 is advantageously greater than the wavelength of the radar wavelength incident on the antenna arrangement. Furthermore, the circumference of the frusto-conical element 3 with the largest diameter DM is greater than the wavelength of the radar wavelength incident on the antenna arrangement. It is possible that the length of the generatrix s2 of a frusto-conical element 3 differs from the length of the generatrix s1 of another frusto-conical element 3.

Die Antennenelemente sind vorteilhaft über nichtleitende Halterungen H mit dem Mast 1 verbunden. Zweckmäßig weisen die Antennenelemente 2 eine ebene Fläche auf.The antenna elements are advantageously connected via non-conductive mounts H to the mast 1. Suitably, the antenna elements 2 have a flat surface.

Im oberen Abschnitt A für die UHF-Antenne sind die Antennenelemente 2 zweckmäßig parallel zur Mantelfläche 4 des kegelstumpfförmigen Elements 3 ausgerichtet. In diesem Fall dient der bezüglich der Radarrückstreuung optimierte Mast 1 als Reflektor für die Antennenelemente 2.In the upper section A for the UHF antenna, the antenna elements 2 are expediently aligned parallel to the lateral surface 4 of the frustoconical element 3. In this case, the mast 1 optimized with respect to the radar backscatter serves as a reflector for the antenna elements 2.

Im unteren Abschnitt B für die VHF-Antenne sind die Antennenelemente 2 zweckmäßig nicht parallel zur Mantelfläche 4 des kegelstumpfförmigen Elements 3 ausgerichtet.In the lower section B for the VHF antenna, the antenna elements 2 are expediently not aligned parallel to the lateral surface 4 of the frusto-conical element 3.

Die Antennenelemente 2 können zweckmäßig als fünfelementige Interferometerantennen angeordnet sein. Die Antennenelemente 2 können weiterhin vorteilhaft aus einem Leiterplattenmaterial gefertigt sein, wobei in die Antennenelemente 2 insbesondere Bauelemente wie z.B. Widerstände, Kondensatoren oder Spulen integriert sind (nicht dargestellt). Diese Bauelemente dienen als Dämpfungselemente und beeinflussen die Antenneneigenschaften. Dadurch kann z.B. die Bandbreite der Antenne erhöht werden. Weiterhin kann dadurch die Strahlungskopplung zwischen den einzelnen Antennenelemente 2 reduziert werden. Selbstverständlich können im oberen Abschnitt A andere Antennenelemente 2 verwendet werden als im unteren Abschnitt B.The antenna elements 2 may be suitably arranged as five-element interferometer antennas. The antenna elements 2 can continue to be advantageous be made of a printed circuit board material, in particular components such as resistors, capacitors or coils are integrated into the antenna elements 2 (not shown). These components serve as damping elements and influence the antenna properties. As a result, for example, the bandwidth of the antenna can be increased. Furthermore, the radiation coupling between the individual antenna elements 2 can thereby be reduced. Of course, other antenna elements 2 can be used in the upper section A than in the lower section B.

Erfindungsgemäß bildet die Flächennormale S_E der Antennenelemente 2 mit der Senkrechten S_A auf die Mastachse z einen Winkel |α| zwischen 5° und 35°.According to the invention, the surface normal S_E of the antenna elements 2 forms an angle | α | with the perpendicular S_A on the mast axis z between 5 ° and 35 °.

Vorteilhaft sind die einzelnen kegelstumpfförmigen Elemente 3 des Masts 1 abwechselnd an den Grundflächen und an den Deckenflächen miteinander verbunden und die aufeinander liegenden Grund- und Deckenflächen sind jeweils gleich. Der Mast 1 besteht somit im Wesentlichen aus mehreren Doppelkegelstümpfen. Die Übergänge zwischen den einzelnen Doppelkegelstümpfen sind zweckmäßig homogen ausgeführt, d.h. es werden keine Flansche verwendet. Insbesondere weisen in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung die Flächennormalen L1, L2 auf den Mantelflächen 4 zweier benachbarter kegelstumpfförmiger Mastelemente 3 einen Winkel β kleiner als 90° auf. Dadurch wird verhindert, dass die beiden benachbarten Mantelflächen 4 als idealer Rückstrahler dienen.Advantageously, the individual frustoconical elements 3 of the mast 1 are alternately connected to each other at the base surfaces and on the ceiling surfaces and the superposed ground and ceiling surfaces are the same. The mast 1 thus consists essentially of several double truncated cones. The transitions between the individual double truncated cones are expediently made homogeneous, i. no flanges are used. In particular, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the surface normals L1, L2 on the lateral surfaces 4 of two adjacent frustoconical mast elements 3 an angle β smaller than 90 °. This prevents that the two adjacent lateral surfaces 4 serve as an ideal reflector.

Zweckmäßig ist der Mast 1 auf einer Grundplatte P aufgebracht. Hierbei ist der Mast 1 vorteilhaft derart auf die Grundplatte P aufgebracht, dass eine Normale L3 auf die Oberseite der Grundplatte P mit einer Normalen L4 auf die Mantelfläche 4 des ersten auf die Grundplatte P aufgebrachten kegelstumpfförmigen Elements 3 einen stumpfen Winkel γ bildet. Dadurch wird ein sicherer Stand des Masts 1 gewährleistet.Suitably, the mast 1 is applied to a base plate P. In this case, the mast 1 is advantageously applied to the base plate P in such a way that a normal L3 forms an obtuse angle γ on the upper side of the base plate P with a normal L4 on the lateral surface 4 of the first frustoconical element 3 applied to the base plate P. As a result, a secure state of the mast 1 is ensured.

Die vorgeschlagene Antennenanordnung kann bei Sende- und/oder Empfangsantennen sowie bei Peilantennen zum Einsatz kommen. Der Frequenzbereich in welchem die Antennenanordnung betrieben werden kann liegt je nach Anwendung im HF-Bereich zwischen 1,0 MHz und 30 MHz, im VHF-Bereich zwischen 20 MHz und 200 MHz, im UHF-Bereich zwischen 200 MHz und 3000 MHz. Selbstverständlich ist es möglich, dass bei entsprechender Dimensionierung der einzelnen Komponenten der Antenne, z.B. der Abmessungen der einzelnen Kegelstümpfe die Antennenanordnung auch bei geringeren oder höheren Frequenzen betrieben werden kann.The proposed antenna arrangement can be used in transmitting and / or receiving antennas as well as DF antennas. Depending on the application, the frequency range in which the antenna arrangement can be operated is in the HF range between 1.0 MHz and 30 MHz, in the VHF range between 20 MHz and 200 MHz, in the UHF range between 200 MHz and 3000 MHz. Of course, it is possible that with appropriate dimensioning of the individual components of the antenna, for example the dimensions of the individual truncated cones, the antenna arrangement can also be operated at lower or higher frequencies.

Literaturliterature

  • [1] www.mrcm.net/media/pdf/products/antennas/mra1282.pdf [1] www.mrcm.net/media/pdf/products/antennas/mra1282.pdf

Claims (14)

  1. Antenna arrangement having a mast (1) as well as antenna elements (2) arranged on the mast (1), with the mast (1) being formed from a plurality of truncated-conical elements (3),
    characterized in that
    the individual truncated-conical elements (3) of the mast (1) are connected to one another alternately on the bottom surfaces and on the top surfaces, and bottom surfaces and top surfaces which rest on one another in each case are the same, and a normal to the surface S_E of the antenna elements (2) forms an angle |α| of between 5° and 35° to the perpendicular S_A to the mast axis z.
  2. Antenna arrangement according to Claim 1, with the angle β between the normals to the surfaces (L1, L2) to the outer surfaces (4) of two adjacent truncated-conical elements (3) being less than 90°.
  3. Antenna arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, with the mast (1) being mounted on a baseplate (P) such that a normal (L3) to the upper face of the baseplate (P) forms an obtuse angle γ to a normal (L4) to the outer surface (4) of the first truncated-conical element (3) which is fitted to the baseplate (P).
  4. Antenna arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, with the length s1, s2 of the envelope line of a truncated-conical element (3) being greater than the wavelength of the radar wavelength that is incident on the antenna arrangement, in order to reduce the radar cross section of the antenna arrangement.
  5. Antenna arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, with the maximum circumference of a truncated-conical element (3) being greater than the wavelength of the radar wavelength that is incident on the antenna arrangement, in order to reduce the radar cross section of the antenna arrangement.
  6. Antenna arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, with the length s1 of the envelope line of one truncated-conical element (3) differing from the length s2 of the envelope line of another truncated-conical element (3).
  7. Antenna arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, with a plurality of antenna elements (2) being arranged on a circular line, with the circle lying on a plane at right angles to the mast axis z, with a diameter of more than the maximum diameter of a truncated-conical element, such that the antenna elements (2) are arranged uniformly on the circular line, with the antenna elements (2) being positioned at a fixed angle with respect to one another on the circular line.
  8. Antenna arrangement according to Claim 7, with the antenna elements (2) being aligned parallel to the radially separated outer surface (4) of the truncated-conical element (3).
  9. Antenna arrangement according to Claim 7 or 8, with the antenna elements (2) being arranged on a plurality of planes at right angles to the mast axis z.
  10. Antenna arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, with the antenna elements (2) being dipoles.
  11. Antenna arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, with the antenna elements (2) being connected to the mast (1) via non-conductive holders (H).
  12. Antenna arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, with the antenna elements (2) having a smooth surface.
  13. Antenna arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, with the antenna elements (2) being manufactured from printed circuit board material.
  14. Antenna arrangement according to claim 13, with components, in particular resistors, capacitors or coils, being integrated in the antenna elements (2) .
EP06742315A 2005-06-23 2006-05-09 Antenna assembly Not-in-force EP1894269B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005029090A DE102005029090A1 (en) 2005-06-23 2005-06-23 Antenna assembly for use in loop antenna system of ship, has antenna structure and mast which is constructed from truncated cone shaped structures, where surface normal of antenna structures forms specific angle with normal in mast axis
PCT/DE2006/000793 WO2006136127A1 (en) 2005-06-23 2006-05-09 Antenna assembly

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EP1894269A1 EP1894269A1 (en) 2008-03-05
EP1894269B1 true EP1894269B1 (en) 2008-10-15

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AT (1) ATE411632T1 (en)
DE (2) DE102005029090A1 (en)
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US20160327641A1 (en) * 2014-01-09 2016-11-10 Fincantieri, S.P.A. Bistatic radar
CN105137452B (en) * 2015-08-26 2017-06-23 上海船舶研究设计院 The antenna synthesis arrangement of lash ship is supported in a kind of deep diving

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US3034209A (en) * 1956-07-31 1962-05-15 Bianca Edoardo Giuseppe Method of making tapered tubular sections
SE503948C2 (en) * 1993-12-15 1996-10-07 Mafi Ab Mast
US5977918A (en) * 1997-09-25 1999-11-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Extendible planar phased array mast
AUPQ189499A0 (en) * 1999-07-28 1999-08-19 Tenix Defence Systems Pty Ltd Improvements in or relating to vehicles
FR2815477B1 (en) * 2000-10-16 2006-06-16 Bouygues Telecom Sa SUPPORTS FOR FASTENING A MATERIAL OF ONE OR MORE RELAY ANTENNAS OF CELLULAR RADIO TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING THE ORIENTATION OF SUCH ANTENNA
US20020140623A1 (en) * 2001-03-30 2002-10-03 Harrison John W. Apparatus and method for increasing monopole capacity using internal strengthening
EP1353404A3 (en) 2002-04-10 2004-06-30 Lockheed Martin Corporation Radar system with a rotating antenna system
JP4041444B2 (en) 2003-09-17 2008-01-30 京セラ株式会社 Antenna integrated high-frequency element storage package and antenna device

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DE102005029090A1 (en) 2006-12-28
EP1894269A1 (en) 2008-03-05
WO2006136127A1 (en) 2006-12-28
ATE411632T1 (en) 2008-10-15
DE502006001851D1 (en) 2008-11-27
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KR100983406B1 (en) 2010-09-20
ES2317534T3 (en) 2009-04-16

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