EP1867430B1 - Grinding and polishing machine for grinding and/or polishing workpieces in optical quality - Google Patents

Abstract

The machine has tool spindles (30, 31) formed at ends for coaxial supporting of workpieces and pivoted in a spindle housing (28). The housing is rotated around a rotating axis (29) provided perpendicular to the tool spindles to provide one of workpieces for engagement with a tool. The pivoting device has a drive motor (26) arranged at the rotating axis. The tool spindles are rotated around the axis using the drive motor for desired workpiece engagement and are rotated in a defined angle position relative to workpiece spindles (14, 15).

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The invention relates to a grinding and polishing machine for grinding and / or polishing workpieces in optical quality, in particular of lenses, according to the preamble of claim 1. In addition to the processing of lenses and complex optical components and mold inserts should be machinable with the machine ,

STATE OF THE ART

To carry out complex machining processes one or more grinding and polishing machines with a plurality of precisely running tools have hitherto been required. In addition to single-spindle machines, machines are also known which use several machining spindles and also tool changers with which the machining tools can be automatically loaded.

In such a known machine ( DE 100 29 967 A1 ) for machining optical workpieces, the workpiece spindles are arranged in a yoke, while two tool spindles are arranged according to the so-called gantry concept in a gantry structure above the yoke with three mutually perpendicular linear axes. For the pivoting of the yoke here a torque motor is used, the angle settings with high precision allows. However, the high mechanical engineering effort for this prevents cost-effective production of this machine. In addition, the use of a tool changer causes mechanical Interfaces between tools and tool spindles, so that the tool spindles require complex integrated clamping systems. However, with these interfaces, it is difficult to achieve the reproducibility required for high-precision grinding with respect to the concentricity and run-out of the tools in view of the desired accuracies of about one micron.

Also known are combination tools ( DE 197 37 217 A1 ), in which two cup grinding tools are arranged coaxially and axially displaceable relative to each other for the production of polishable lenses by means of coarse and fine grinding. Here, however, the tool diameter is limited and both the rigidity of the connection to the spindle and the concentricity of the grinding lips is in need of improvement. Also, the axial displacement of the tools to each other is prone to failure due to the loading of the coolant with glass abrasion.

In another known method with associated device ( DE 197 51 750 A1 ) are three or more grinding spindles and possibly measuring stations parallel to each other and arranged side by side on a common carriage. The number of spindles, the effort to control the spindles, the initial set-up effort, the follow-up adjustments and the design-related increased space requirements of this concept leads to considerable overall costs.

A grinding and polishing machine of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1 was developed by Loh Optikmaschinen AG, Wetzlar, under the name "Toromatic-2 SL". This machine, which works according to the "swing-spindle concept", has a tool spindle with one milling or grinding tool flanged to each end of the spindle. To that To be able to bring the respective tool into engagement with the workpiece, the spindle is pivotable about its pivot axis arranged at right angles to the spindle and can be fixed in these locking positions assigned to the two tools. For angular adjustment of the tool spindle with respect to the workpiece spindle an additional device is provided in this machine, which consists of a rotatable about a further axis swivel head, which is provided with an additional hydraulic drive. At the pivot head, the pivot axis of the tool spindle bearing spindle housing is arranged at a distance from its axis of rotation. This arrangement thus requires two different drives for 180 ° pivoting of the tool spindle on the one hand and for angular positioning of the tool spindle with respect to the workpiece spindle on the other.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

The invention has for its object to provide a highly accurate and compact construction grinding and polishing machine of the type described above, which allows a simple and inexpensive way to use several grinding and polishing tools.

This object is achieved by the specified in claim 1 grinding and polishing machine. Advantageous or expedient developments of the machine are specified in the subclaims and will also be described in more detail below.

According to the patent claim 1, the grinding and polishing machine, starting from the training specified in the preamble according to the invention by the features that the designated in the preamble means consists of a arranged on the pivot axis drive, by means of which the tool spindle about the pivot axis for both the desired tool engagement pivotable and in any defined angular positions with respect to the workpiece spindle is rotatable.

According to the principles of the invention, the present in the preamble of claim 1. Relevant prior art existing two axes, namely the tool change serving pivot axis and the setting of defined angular positions between the tool spindle and workpiece spindle serving axis of rotation are combined into a single common pivot / rotation axis , The tool spindle with the tool used in each case can be rotated in any angular positions both static and dynamic. For both functions, namely tool change pivoting and rotational movements for changing the angular positions between the tool spindle and the workpiece spindle, only one drive is used.

Preferably, the drive, as indicated in claim 2, a coaxially arranged with the pivot axis torque motor whose rotor is fixedly connected via a pivot shaft with the spindle housing. In this way, not only a compact direct drive for the spindle housing is achieved, but it enables high-precision angular positioning.

The grinding and polishing machine according to the invention can be equipped in the simplest design with only one tool spindle. It can be advantageous but also several tool spindles, for example, two tool spindles, parallel to each other in the spindle housing, whereby the versatility of the machine according to the invention with respect to the different tools used on the tool spindles and accordingly editable different workpiece geometries / Materials is increased.

In any case, the arrangement is preferably such that the pivot axis (substantially) passes through the center of mass of the spindle housing regardless of the number of tool spindles, as is apparent from claim 4. In this way, the spindle housing can pivot with the tool spindles mounted thereon and rotate uniformly in defined angular positions, without causing disturbing mass moments generated by an eccentric center of gravity are overcome.

In a further embodiment of the invention can be mounted according to claim 5 on the spindle housing laterally outside at least one functional element for detecting the workpiece geometry or for workpiece handling. In this way, measurements of the workpiece geometry can be carried out in a certain amount in situ immediately before, during or after different processing stages and necessary corrections can be automatically taken into account by the CNC control. For detecting the workpiece geometry may be attached as a functional element according to claim 6, a probe on the spindle housing, or according to claim 7, a ring physeter with the interposition of a rubber elastic-flexible layer for measuring radii on workpieces. Due to the pivoting of the spindle housing and thus of the probe or the spherometer, it is possible to set these functional elements in the normal direction to any location of the workpiece, which incorrect measurements that may be caused by oblique probing, be safely avoided.

Instead of a mechanical probe as a functional element for detecting the lens thickness and lens contour and a non-contact measuring system can be used, for example a pneumatically operated by dynamic pressure (baffle) system. An optical measuring system can also be used as a functional element. Suitable optical measuring systems are, for example, laser autofocus, laser triangulation or interferometry-measuring systems.

For workpiece handling can be mounted according to claim 8, a loading arm with suction or gripper as a functional element on the spindle housing. Also, several different functional elements may be laterally attached outside at different locations on the spindle housing, as is apparent from claim 9.

The existing CNC axes, with which the spindle housing can be moved and pivoted linearly, are used in workpiece handling in such a way that workpieces, e.g. be transported from a workpiece magazine in the receiving chuck of the workpiece spindle and vice versa. The possibility of pivoting the spindle housing can also be used to turn a workpiece, which allows a two-sided machining. Automated tool profile measurements or adjustments to measuring probes or adjustment auxiliary elements can also be made therewith, which are arranged fixed to the machine at any point in the action range of the spindle housing, e.g. also over head opposite to the workpiece spindle. Several measuring stations can be provided in the action area of the spindle housing without significantly increasing the size of the machine.

The invention enables a particularly advantageous central coolant supply directly into the interior of the tools used. For this purpose, it is provided according to claim 10, that the tool spindle with a substantially continuous over its length Central tube is provided, which is on both sides with internal recesses of the tools for coolant supply through the tool is in communication, wherein on the side facing away from the active tool side of the tool spindle, a coolant nozzle is positioned. For this purpose, a nozzle holder is mounted by means of a pneumatic or electric rotary actuator according to claim 11 on the spindle housing, which ensures that the nozzle from above can supply coolant through the inactive tool.

The concept according to the invention makes it possible, with a significantly lower constructional and technical outlay compared to the state of the art, to more precisely and accurately continuously engage more tools with the workpiece than in all previous embodiments in order to achieve a large number of complex surfaces and components Avoidance of special tools to edit. The concept according to the invention makes it possible to carry out all customary grinding and polishing methods, such as rotary peripheral transverse or longitudinal grinding and polishing, external cylindrical grinding and polishing, cup grinding or face grinding and polishing. During polishing, in addition to tools for special lens geometries, in particular standard polishing tools with different so-called polishing grounds can be used for pre-polishing and fine-polishing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1

die erfindungsgemäße Schleif- und Polier-maschine in einer perspektivischen Ansicht,

Fig. 2

die abgebrochen dargestellte Vorderansicht der Maschine,

Fig. 3

die abgebrochen dargestellte Draufsicht auf die Maschine,

Fig. 4

eine Schnittansicht entsprechend der Schnittverlaufslinie IV-IV in Fig. 3,

Fig. 5

die Vorderansicht eines Werkzeugspindelgehäuses mit zusätzlich angebrachten Funktionselementen,

Fig. 6

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Werkzeugspindelgehäuses mit Düsenhalter für die Positionierung von Kühlmitteldüsen,

Fig. 7

die Vorderansicht eines Spindelgehäuses, das mit einer Werkzeugspindel ausgerüstet ist, und zweier Werkstückspindeln,

Fig. 8 bis 11, 14 und 15

jeweils die Vorderansicht eines Spindelgehäuses, das mit zwei Werkzeugspindeln ausgerüstet ist, und zweier Werkstückspindeln, wobei unterschiedliche Bearbeitungsvorgänge dargestellt sind, und

Fig. 12 und 13

jeweils die Vorderansicht eines Spindelgehäuses, das mit zwei Werkzeugspindeln ausgerüstet ist, und zweier Werkstückspindeln, wobei ein Meßtaster in zwei unterschiedlichen Positionen am Werkstück dargestellt ist.

Further details of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments representing, partially schematic drawings. It shows:

Fig. 1

the grinding and polishing machine according to the invention in a perspective view,

Fig. 2

the aborted front view of the machine,

Fig. 3

the aborted top view of the machine,

Fig. 4

a sectional view corresponding to the section line IV-IV in Fig. 3 .

Fig. 5

the front view of a tool spindle housing with additionally attached functional elements,

Fig. 6

a perspective view of a tool spindle housing with nozzle holder for the positioning of coolant nozzles,

Fig. 7

the front view of a spindle housing, which is equipped with a tool spindle, and two workpiece spindles,

8 to 11, 14 and 15

respectively the front view of a spindle housing, which is equipped with two tool spindles, and two workpiece spindles, wherein different machining operations are shown, and

FIGS. 12 and 13

respectively the front view of a spindle housing, which is equipped with two tool spindles, and two workpiece spindles, wherein a probe is shown in two different positions on the workpiece.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Fig. 1 shows a CNC controlled grinding and polishing machine 10, in particular for processing optical lenses in a rectangular Cartesian coordinate system, in which the letter x denotes the width direction, the letter y the length direction and the letter z the height direction of the machine 10.

The machine 10 has a machine frame 11 formed from a monolithic block of polymer concrete. At the front of the machine, two guide rails 12, which extend parallel to each other in the vertical height direction z, are fixed to the machine frame 11. On the guide rails 12, a Z-slide 13, which is CNC-positionally adjustable by associated CNC drive and control elements (not shown) in both directions of a Z-axis, slidably mounted on guide carriage.

On the Z-carriage 13, two workpiece spindles 14 and 15 arranged parallel to one another are provided, which are each CNC-angle-controlled with respect to their axes of rotation. In the example shown, a collet 16 is mounted on the workpiece spindle 14, which clamps a lens 17 for machining. The other workpiece spindle 15 is equipped in the example shown with a vacuum chuck 18 to the workpiece holder.

On the upper side of the machine 10, two guide rails 19 extending in the horizontal width direction x in parallel to each other are fixed to the machine frame 11. The two guide rails 19 are limited by end stops 20. On the guide rails 19, an X-carriage 21 is slidably guided via carriage, which by a linear motor in both directions of an X-axis CNC position controlled adjustable. The primary part 22 of the linear motor is attached to the X-carriage 21, while the secondary part 23 is arranged between the guide rails 19 on the machine frame 11. At the X-carriage 21 the end stops 20 associated rubber buffer 24 are attached.

On the X-carriage 21 are two guide rails 25 which extend in the horizontal direction of y parallel to each other, attached, as shown Fig. 1 combined with Fig. 3 evident. On the guide rails 25, a drive motor 26 is slidably guided via guide carriage, by a further linear motor from which Fig. 3 only the fixed between the rails 25 on the X-carriage 21 secondary part 27 can be seen in both directions of a Y-axis CNC-position adjustable. The drive motor 26 forms in a manner to be described a pivoting device for a above the workpiece spindles 14 and 15 arranged, also to be described in more detail spindle housing 28. The reference numeral 29 denotes a horizontal pivot axis for the spindle housing 28th

In the in the Fig. 1 to 4 shown embodiment, two mutually parallel tool spindles 30 and 31 are provided in the spindle housing 28, which are rotationally driven by, for example, each a torque motor drivable. Both tool spindles 30, 31 are formed at both ends for the co-axial reception of a respective tool in order to provide each one of the two tools for engagement with a workpiece. In the exemplary embodiment, a cup wheel 32 and a combination pot grinding wheel 33 are attached to the tool spindle 30. Also on the tool spindle 31 are a cup wheel 34 and a combination pot grinding wheel 35 attached, but with different dimensions. When the machine 10 is used as a polishing or fine grinding machine, it is possible instead to use shaped polishing tools coated with, for example, PUR film as polishing ground or fine grinding tools coated with diamond pellets.

The drive motor 26 is an equiaxed with the pivot axis 29 arranged in the rotational position CNC-controlled torque motor, in Fig. 4 is shown in longitudinal section. The rotor 36 of the motor 26 is mounted on a pivot shaft 37 which is fixedly connected to the spindle housing 28 via an intermediate flange 38 (for example by means of screws not shown here). The pivot shaft 37 is rotatably supported by two spaced-apart bearings 39 in a housing 40 and axially immovable. The concentrically arranged to the rotor 36 of the motor 26 stator 41 is rotatably mounted in the housing 40.

Of the two matching trained tool spindles 30 and 31, which are provided parallel to each other in the spindle housing 28 is in Fig. 4 the tool spindle 31 shown in longitudinal section. The tool spindle 31 is rotatably and axially non-displaceably mounted in the spindle housing 28 via two spaced-apart rolling bearings 42. On the tool spindle 31 is the rotor 43, and in the housing 28 of the rotor 43 concentrically surrounding stator 44 of the torque motor. Hydraulic chucks 45 are provided at both ends of the tool spindle 31 in order to clamp the shanks 46 and 47 of the tools 34 and 35 used in cylinder bores 48 and 49 of the tool spindle 31.

The tool spindle 31 is provided with a substantially continuous over its length central tube 50, which on both sides with internal recesses 51 and 52 of the tools 34 and 35 sealed by radial shaft seals 53 and 54 is in communication. This arrangement serves to supply coolant to the respectively active tool from the inside through the tool ( Fig. 6 ).

As from the drawings, eg from Fig. 2 , Is apparent, the position of the pivot axis 29 with respect to the spindle housing 28 is selected so that it extends approximately through the center of gravity of the spindle housing 28. In the illustrated arrangement of two tool spindles 30 and 31, the center of gravity is approximately centrally between the two spindles 30, 31.

On the spindle housing 28, at least one functional element for detecting the workpiece geometry or for workpiece handling can be attached laterally on the outside. Such as in the Fig. 12 and 13 As shown, the functional element may be a probe 55. For measuring radii on workpieces may be attached laterally on the spindle housing 28 as a functional element Ringphärometer 56 ( Fig. 5 ). Suitable are spherometers according to DIN 58724. As in Fig. 5 is shown, the spherometer 56 with the interposition of a rubber elastic-flexible layer, ie a plate 57 mounted on the spindle housing 28 in order to achieve a better adaptation of the measuring ring to the lens. The spherometer 56 is fixed to the spindle housing 28 by means of an angular holder 58. How to continue Fig. 5 shows, a measuring system is mounted on the holder 58 in conjunction with the Ringsphärometer 56, consisting here of an incremental probe 55 '(eg, the series MT 12 manufacturer Heidenhain), the probe tip 59 protrudes from the measuring ring of the spheres 56. The measuring system is protected by a suitable cover (not shown) against dirt and coolant.

A functional element serving for workpiece handling is likewise in Fig. 5 shown. This is a loading arm 60, consisting of a spacer 61 and a pneumatic cylinder 62 with piston rod 63, at whose free end a sucker 64 is attached. The operation of this functional element is, for example, as follows: The vacuum cleaner 64 is moved over the workpiece in the workpiece spindle 14. Then, the sucker 64 is driven by the pneumatic cylinder 62 down while the workpiece spindle 14 is moved upward. The teat 64 can now suck the lens 17, the collet 16 is opened and the lens 17 is taken over by the teat 64. Thereafter, the nipple 64 is moved upwards to temporarily store the lens 17 so that it can be taken over again by an external charging system (not shown). This has a swivelable by 180 ° vacuum cleaner, which turns the lens 17 and turned it can insert again in one of the workpiece chuck.

As Fig. 5 illustrated several different functional elements can be mounted laterally on the spindle housing 28 at different locations.

For the supply of a coolant to the respective tool in active engagement can on the spindle housing 28, a nozzle holder 69 by means of an in Fig. 6 schematically shown pneumatic or electric pivot drive 66 may be attached. On the nozzle holder 69, two nozzles 65 at a distance of the two tool spindles 30, 31 are attached, which produce a thin, little diverging beam. After accurate pivoting of the nozzle holder 69 in the in Fig. 6 shown position, the nozzle located above the active tool spindle 65 is supplied with coolant, so that the coolant jet through the central tube 50 of the respective spindle passes through into the center of the tool in active engagement. By means of the pivot drive 66, the nozzle holder 69 can optionally with respect to the spindle housing 28 in the in Fig. 6 shown relative position (or relative to this position rotated by 180 ° relative position) are held so that the nozzle holder 69 moves with the spindle housing 28, or rotated relative to the spindle housing 28, about 90 °, for example, to allow a tool change.

The Fig. 7 shows the simplest embodiment of the invention with only one tool spindle 30, at both ends by means of hydraulic expansion chuck (45 in Fig. 4 ) each a cup wheel 34 and combination pot grinding wheel 35 is mounted. The pivot axis 29 is arranged in the center of the spindle 30 in the center of mass of the housing 28 at right angles to the spindle axis of rotation. One - or as shown in the drawing - two workpiece spindles 14 and 15 are arranged opposite the tool spindle 30. Since the rotating combination pot grinding wheel 35 processes the lens 17 on the workpiece spindle 14, in this case only the spindle 14 is driven, which is indicated by the arrow symbol below the spindle 14.

In Fig. 8 are two tool spindles 30 and 31 provided in a spindle housing 28, as already in the Fig. 1 to 6 has been shown and described with reference to these figures. The tool spindles 30 and 31 are equipped at both receiving ends with pot tools 32, 34 and combination tools 33, 35, each consisting of a cup wheel and a peripheral grinding wheel fitted. Laterally on the spindle housing 28, a probe 55 is attached. In the example shown, located on the workpiece spindle 14 lens 17 is processed, for which the workpiece spindle 14 in the rotation angle CNC-controlled and the Tool spindle 31 are driven speed controlled. Here, first, the convex surface of the lens 17 is machined by means of the tool 35, wherein the rotation of the two spindles 31 and 14, the combination pot grinding wheel 35 performs an advancing movement in the direction of the axis of the workpiece (flat grinding principle).

In Fig. 9 the fine grinding of the same lens surface of the lens 17 is shown. For this purpose, the spindle housing 28 with the two tool spindles 30 and 31 by means of with reference to FIG Fig. 4 described drive motor 26 pivoted about 180 ° about the pivot axis 29, so that now the cup wheel 34 is in working engagement with the lens 17. The way of working otherwise corresponds to that with reference to Fig. 8 described.

The Fig. 10 shows the pre-grinding of a concave surface (shown in phantom) by means of the combination pot grinding wheel 33 on the tool spindle 30. For this step, the tool spindle 30 and the workpiece spindle 15 are driven, as indicated by the relevant arrow symbols.

In Fig. 11 the fine grinding of the same concave surface is shown, for which purpose the spindle housing 28 with the tool spindles 30 and 31 has been pivoted about the pivot axis 29 by approximately 180 °. For this machining operation, in turn, the tool spindle 30 and the workpiece spindle 15 are driven.

The Fig. 12 illustrates the use of the probe 55 to measure, for example, the center thickness of the lens 17. For this purpose, the spindle housing 28 is to be pivoted so that the probe 55 is aligned coaxially with the axis of the workpiece spindle 14. The probe 55 can also be used to to capture the entire geometry of the lens. This is particularly advantageous in the measurement of aspherical surfaces. The measured values can be read directly into the CNC control to carry out automatic corrections and wear compensations.

As in Fig. 13 is shown, the probe 55 can be pivoted to the spindle housing 28 relative to the lens 17 about the pivot axis 29 so that it is normal to the workpiece surface, ie perpendicular to the tangent to the measuring point. In this way, workpiece surfaces can be measured with strong inclinations, without causing erroneous measurements by laterally bending away probe tips. This possibility is particularly advantageous when using optical touch probes such as laser autofocus, white light or triangulation sensors, since these can often measure only limited on inclined surfaces.

The Fig. 14 shows the use of the pivotable about the pivot axis 29 spindle housing 28 with the tool spindles 30, 31 when machining an asphere or free-form surface on the lens 17 by means of a peripheral grinding disc 67. This processing can be carried out according to the rotary circumference transverse grinding or - longitudinal grinding principle, the workpiece surface either spiral or can be processed meandering.

The Fig. 15 shows the machining of a plane surface on the outer edge of a workpiece, wherein the end face of the cup wheel 34 is used. A linear feed in the direction of the Y-axis in this case generates a key surface-like flattening on the outer edge 68 of the workpiece, wherein the workpiece spindle 14 remains stationary, that is not driven in rotation.

It discloses a grinding and polishing machine for particular lenses, which has at least one tool spindle and at least one workpiece spindle, which are relatively adjustable in mutually perpendicular directions. In this case, the tool spindle is formed at the end for the coaxial reception of a respective tool and mounted in a spindle housing, which is pivotable about a pivot axis arranged at right angles to the tool spindle, in order to provide a tool for a machining engagement. Furthermore, a device is provided with which the tool spindle is rotatable in any defined angular positions with respect to the workpiece spindle. According to the invention, this device consists of only one arranged on the pivot axis drive, by means of which the tool spindle is pivotable about the pivot axis both for the desired machining engagement and pivotable in said angular positions with respect to the workpiece spindle, so that a highly accurate and compact machine is created, the makes it possible in a simple and cost-effective manner to use several grinding and polishing tools.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

machine

11

machine frame

12

guide rails

13

Z slide

14

Workpiece spindle

15

Workpiece spindle

16

collet

17

lens

18

vacuum chuck

19

guide rails

20

end stops

21

X slide

22

primary part

23

secondary part

24

rubber buffers

25

guide rails

26

drive motor

27

secondary part

28

spindle housing

29

swivel axis

30

tool spindle

31

tool spindle

32

cup wheel

33

Combination cup grinding wheel

34

cup wheel

35

Combination cup grinding wheel

36

rotor

37

pivot shaft

38

Wafer

39

roller bearing

40

casing

41

stator

42

roller bearing

43

rotor

44

stator

45

hydraulic chucks

46

shaft

47

shaft

48

bore

49

bore

50

central tube

51

inner recess

52

inner recess

53

Radial shaft seal

54

Radial shaft seal

55, 55 '

probe

56

ring spherometer

57

plate

58

holder

59

prod

60

loading arm

61

spacer

62

pneumatic cylinder

63

piston rod

64

sucker

65

jet

66

Rotary actuator

67

Surface grinding wheel

68

outer edge

69

Injectors

x

width direction

y

longitudinal direction

z

height direction

X

Linear axis tool

Y

Linear axis tool

Z

Linear axis workpiece

Claims (11)

1. Grinding and polishing machine (10) for grinding and/or polishing workpieces to an optical quality, in particular lenses (17), said machine comprising at least one tool spindle (30, 31) and at least one workpiece spindle (14, 15) which can be adjusted relative to one another in directions perpendicular to one another, wherein the tool spindle (30, 31) is designed to hold a respective tool (32, 33, 34, 35) on the same axis at both ends and is mounted in a spindle housing (28) which can be pivoted about a pivot axis (29) arranged at right angles to the tool spindle (30, 31) in order to provide in each case one of the two tools (32, 33, 34, 35) for engagement with the workpiece, wherein a device is provided which can rotate the tool spindle (30, 31) into various defined angle positions with respect to the workpiece spindle (14, 15), characterized in that the device consists of a drive (26) arranged on the pivot axis (29), by means of which drive the tool spindle (30, 31) can be both pivoted about the pivot axis (29) for the desired engagement of the tool and rotated about the pivot axis into various defined angle positions with respect to the workpiece spindle (14, 15).
2. Grinding and polishing machine (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive (26) is a torque motor arranged on the same axis as the pivot axis (29), the rotor (36) thereof being fixedly connected to the spindle housing (28) via a pivoting shaft (37).
3. Grinding and polishing machine (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a plurality of tool spindles (30, 31) are provided parallel to one another in the spindle housing (28).
4. Grinding and polishing machine (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the pivot axis (29) runs through the center of gravity of the spindle housing (28).
5. Grinding and polishing machine (10) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one functional element for detecting the workpiece geometry or for handling the workpiece is attached laterally to the outside of the spindle housing (28).
6. Grinding and polishing machine (10) according to claim 5, characterized in that a measurement sensor (55, 55') is attached as the functional element to the spindle housing (28).
7. Grinding and polishing machine (10) according to claim 5, characterized in that a ring spherometer (56) is attached as the functional element with the interposition of a rubber elastic flexible layer (plate 57) for measuring radii on workpieces.
8. Grinding and polishing machine (10) according to claim 5, characterized in that a loading arm (60) with suction cup (64) or gripper is attached to the spindle housing (28) for workpiece handling purposes.
9. Grinding and polishing machine (10) according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that several different functional elements are attached laterally to the outside of the spindle housing (28) at different points.
10. Grinding and polishing machine (10) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the tool spindle (30, 31) is provided with a central tube (50) essentially over its entire length, which central tube is connected at both ends to internal recesses (51, 52) of the tools (34, 35) for the purpose of supplying coolant through the tool (34, 35), wherein a coolant nozzle (65) can be positioned on the side of the tool spindle (30, 31) remote from the active tool (34, 35).
11. Grinding and polishing machine (10) according to claim 10, characterized in that a nozzle holder (69) is attached to the spindle housing (28) by means of a pneumatic or electric rotary drive (66).

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