EP1606036A2

EP1606036A2 - Universal insecticide and insect-repellent and method for production thereof

Info

Publication number: EP1606036A2
Application number: EP04720638A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Georges Camprasse; Serge Camprasse
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2003-03-14
Filing date: 2004-03-15
Publication date: 2005-12-21
Also published as: WO2004082358A2; FR2852204A1; WO2004082358A3

Abstract

The invention relates to an insecticide and insect repellent, produced from chemical molecules and aromatic essences of botanic, biological and biochemical definition, extracted by steam distillation or cold pressing from different plant or tree bodies, having been previously sorted. The combined effect of the above is a repulsive or lethal effect on the majority of crawling or flying insects. Said aromatic essences are related to fragments of biocrystals of aragonite with the aim of prolonging the persistence and the lethal effect of the product in time and space.

Description

INSECT REPELLENT, UNIVERSAL INSECTICIDE

AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

The present invention relates to an insect repellant and insecticide produced from organic chemical compounds contained in botanical aromatic essences, biologically and biochemically defined, extracted by steam distillation or by cold pressure from the various organs of plants and trees. , previously discriminated against and whose combined effects have a repulsive or lethal action on most seasonal insects.

We know that aromatic essences are noble waste products from the metabolism of plants and trees. They are lipophilic, volatile products, made up of many chemicals which are not very soluble in water. These volatile essences diffuse through the epidermis of the leaves and flowers and spread a very pronounced odor. They mainly result from the metabolism of terpenes and that of C6 - C3 compounds. The main molecule is; the isoprene unit composed of 5 carbon atoms. Terpenes are composed of a variable number of isoprene units to form monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes.

Monoterpenes, composed of two isoprene units linked to ten carbon atoms, have either a cyclohexane ring and two double bonds, or a bicyclic ring with nested rings related to unsaturated hydrocarbons. These compounds have well-defined properties: irritants, anti-infectives, insecticides and repellents. We also find the monoterpene structure in pyrethrins and iridoids.

Sesquiterpenes composed of three isoprene units, forming a simple acyclic chain, condensed, sometimes several nested cycles, are also related to unsaturated carbides C15H24 and have many interesting pharmacological properties.

Diterpenes with a carbon skeleton comprising four C20 isoprene units forming an acyclic chain, or which are variable in cycle and most often functionalized, have a high molecular mass and a marked biological activity. In the species used, there are also compounds formed of an OH hydroxyl group, attached by hydroxylation to terpenes to form monoterpenols, sesquiterpenols or diterpenols. These latter molecules are heavy, not very volatile and have a chemical structure similar to that of a hormone. We note the presence in aromatic essences of phenols which, by extension, are composed of the general formula Ar - OH (phenol function), formed of a hydroxyl unit and a ring of carbon atoms, comparable to the derivative benzene hydroxyl C6H5OH of intense odor, partially soluble, immiscible with water. Similarly, we also find in these aromatic essences aldehydes, functional name of organic compounds (-CH≈O) with carboxyl functional group always located at the end

of a chain, linked on the one hand to a hydrogen atom, on the other hand, to a hydrocarbon group. They give off a strong aroma and have properties similar to those of phenols. We also know that ketones are present in aromatic essences. These are compounds where an oxygen atom binds to a carbon atom to form a unit that attaches to a hydrocarbon compound, as do acids ₃ esters, which are complex combinations of carbon, hydrogen and of oxygen, as well as lactones whose molecular weight is very high and which are found only in certain aromatic essences obtained by pressure.

Insects are the most important class of arthropod phylum and include around thirty important orders in pathology, hygiene and agronomy. Some species are harmful to crops, woods, grains, domestic or wild animals and can be intermediate hosts of Cestodes, others are vectors of infectious or parasitic diseases. The presence of insects such as flies, mosquitoes, midges, horseflies, wasps etc. in the premises where humans and animals stay, generates multiple drawbacks, namely bites, spread of infectious or parasitic diseases, contamination of food etc ..

Insects have an extraordinary resistance thanks to the chemical composition and the impermeability of their integuments. On the other hand, having ultra-perfected sensory apparatuses, which can reside at the level of the antennae as well as at the level of the body and the legs, they become vulnerable to the actions of certain substances which can reach them via these organs.

The insecticidal properties of pyrethrum have been known since antiquity, the flower heads of which contain numerous constituents and a mixture of pyrethrins, substances which are very toxic to cold-blooded animals such as insects and worms, while being slightly toxic to man.

. However, current insecticides from synthetic pyrethroid nuclei are highly toxic to humans and the environment. In addition, their effectiveness on the insects concerned is starting to show its limit, given the resistance induced by the genetic mutations that the insects develop. This is the reason why manufacturers add to the pyrethroid nuclei, one or two molecules such as dichlorvos or tetramethrin as well as certain synergizers such as piperonyl butoxide, whose association with pyrethroids is suspected of immunosuppressive effects, without forgetting that some pyrethroids are known to be carcinogenic. It therefore became urgent to develop a new generation of insect repellent, insecticide, of natural origin without impact on humans and the environment, and which would not allow insects to develop resistance by genetic mutations.

5 It is known that in patent WO 00/64265 several formulations based on essential oils with insecticidal effect have been developed, in particular on lice, mites and other human and animal parasites, as well as for furniture, clothing and plants . Patent WO 03/015522 A1, develops formulas composed essentially of anti-mite action monoterpenes: In patent 74 05622, insecticide preparations are described mixing essential oils and ¹ L0 synthetic molecules to make insecticide blocks, while Catherine REGNAULT , Roger and Ail demonstrate that the same constituents of different essential oils do not have similar effects on the same types of insects. Finally, patent WO 00/00213 proposes the formulation of insecticides against head and body lice comprising three different essential oils per preparation.

5 Of course, the insect repellant and insecticidal properties of essential oils are known. However, the potency of the insecticidal effect results from the combination of several different species at defined concentrations. However, the lethal action is limited to the area of exposure to the insecticide. We know that a significant number of insufficiently exposed insects recover in a more or less long period of time, which explains the appearance of

0 genetic mutations. On the other hand, the volatile nature of aromatic essences further reduces their duration of action. It is also known that, when used separately, the aromatic essences have above all an insecticidal effect, and not an insecticidal effect.

In addition, it is important to know that depending on the country, the soil, the climate, the altitude, the method of cultivation, the same plant produces different species, the chemical composition of which

5 varies, giving it different, specific additional properties.

Thus a single different molecule existing in an aromatic essence of the same plant, determines a preponderant property.

The aromatic essences are botanically defined according to the genus, the qualitative epithet and the variety of the plant from which they come. This is why the essences

) aromatics entering into the composition of the product according to the invention are biologically and biochemically defined according to the molecules which they contain and whose properties confer to them not only insect repellant effects but also insecticides. The biochemical definition of an aromatic essence precisely characterizes the chemical molecules that compose it. Indeed, it is recognized that the biochemical composition of the same plant varies by country, soil, growing conditions, harvest time. This characterizes the biochemical specificity. Finally, whenever necessary, the producing organ is specified.

In view of these particularities, it was necessary to use a complex of aromatic essences whose botanical, biological and biochemical characterizations are perfectly defined and whose association of chemical molecules produces stable, naturally synergizing and potentiating compounds, increasing the insect repellant and inducing power. an insecticidal power on contact, determining a higher lethal effect. Furthermore, it was necessary to extend the duration of action of the insecticide in space and in time in order to eliminate the recovery time of the insect and the possibility of developing genetic mutations inducing resistance to the product. It was also necessary that the insecticidal action is communicated to other insects by contact, this is precisely what is the subject of the present invention. Thus, according to a preferred embodiment without this example being limiting, the product according to the invention is composed of the following aromatic essences: Aniba rosaedora - Artemisia absinthium - Cedrus atlantica - Cirrus aurantifolia - Cirrus bergamia - Cupres sempervirens - Cymbopogon citratus - Eucalyptus globulus - Eugenia caryophyllata - Euphoria punicea - Foeniculum vulgare - Helichrysum italicum - Juniperus communis - Laurus nobilis - Laήvandula latifolia spica- Melaleuca alternifolia - Melaleύca viridifolia - Melissa officinalis - Mentha pipicusumerusumerususericusumerusumerususerumususumerususumerusus - Pogόstemon cablin - Rosmarinus officinalis - Santalum album - Thymus serpillum - Vetiveria zizanoïdes. The chemical molecules of these aromatic essences have been identified and their insect repellant and / or insecticidal properties have been evaluated, as well as their ancillary properties which characterize the originality of the product according to the invention.

The aromatic essences entering into the composition of the product according to the invention are for example: Aniba rosaedora botanically, biologically and biochemically defined, obtained by steam distillation of the heart of the wood and whose gas chromatography has revealed the molecules following chemicals:

- four alcohols, namely geraniol, linalol, nerol, terpineol,

- cineole,

- and a terpene, dipentene, which give the complexes insect repellant and also antiseptic, bactericidal and deodorant properties.

> Artemisia absintium botanically, biologically and biochemically defined, obtained by steam distillation of the leaves and flowering seeds and whose gas chromatography has made it possible to identify chemical molecules such as:

- a phenol, methyl chavicol,

- and two terpenes: limonene, Pocimène, which have insect repellant properties.

> Cedrus atlantica botanically, biologically and biochemically defined, obtained by distillation of wood with water vapor, revealed by gas chromatography,

- an alcohol, cedrol

- and three sesquiterpenes, cadinene, cedrene, and cedrenol which give it powerful insecticide and fungicide properties.

> Cirrus aurantifolia botanically, biologically and biochemically defined, obtained by steam distillation of the whole fruit, whose chemical components separated and identified by gas chromatography are:

- two alcohols: linalol and terpineol,

- four terpenes, limonene, p-pinene, sabinene, terpilonene,

- an aldehyde: citral, - an ester: lynalyl acetate with recognized insecticidal properties, associated with antimicrobial, antiseptic, bactericidal and disinfectant properties.

> Citrus bergamia botanically, biologically and biochemically defined, obtained by cold pressing of the skin of the fruit whose gas chromatography has revealed - three alcohols: linalool, nerol, terpineol,

- two terpenes: dipentene, limonene,

- a lactone: bergaptene,

- an ester: lynalyl acetate which, among other healing, antiseptic and deodorant properties, has powerful insecticidal and repellant properties. Botanically, biologically and biochemically defined Cupresus sempervirens, obtained by steam distillation of fresh leaves, twigs and cones and whose gas chromatography has separated the following chemical molecules:

- an alcohol: sabinol, - an aldehyde: furfurol,

- four terpenes: camphene, p-cymene, α pinene, sylvestrene,

- an ester: terpenyl acetate whose antiseptic and deodorant properties are associated with proven insect repellents and insecticides. Botanically, biologically and biochemically defined cymbopogon citratus, obtained by steam distillation, of the leaves and subjected to gas chromatography consist of the following molecules:

- two aldehydes: citral and citronellal, - two terpenes: limonene, β myrcene,

- three alcohols: farnesol, geraniol, nerol whose antimicrobial, antiseptic, bactericidal, deodorant, fungicidal properties are associated with powerful insect repellant properties. Botanically, biologically and biochemically defined Eucalyptus globulus, obtained by steam distillation of leaves and twigs and whose gas chromatography has identified the following chemical molecules:

- an aldehyde: citronellal,

- 1-8 cineole, globulol, pinocarveol,

- four terpenes: camphene, fenchene, α phellandrene and α pinene, whose antiseptic, antiviral, bactericidal, parasiticidal properties are reinforced by recognized insect repellant properties. •

> Eugenia caryophyllata botanically, biologically and biochemically defined, obtained by steam distillation of flower buds and whose gas chromatography has revealed the following chemical molecules: - a phenol: eugenol,

- an aldehyde: eugenyl acetate • with antiseptic and insect repellent properties.

> Euphoria punicea botanically, biologically and biochemically defined, obtained by steam distillation of flowers and leaves, and whose gas chromatography has demonstrated the presence of:

- a triterpene: sapogenin,

- an alcohol: quercetol,

- an acid: glycyrrhetic acid with remarkable emoliating surfactant properties. > An alcoholate from the nucleus of the fruit of Euphoria punicea reduced to powder, is obtained by leaving the powder to macerate in alcohol at 90 ° for 15 days; the solution obtained in wine-colored color is distilled until an aqueous solution is obtained.

An Alcoholature of the nucleus of the fruit of Euphoria punicea is obtained by simple maceration for 30 days in alcohol at 90 °, protected from light until a burgundy-colored solution with powerful vasodilatory properties is obtained. Botanically, biologically and biochemically defined Foeniculum vulgare, obtained by steam distillation of the fruiting plant and subjected to gas chromatography which made it possible to identify the following chemical components: - a ketone: the fenchone,

- two aldehydes: anisic and cuminic,

- two phenols: trans anethole, methyl chavicol,

- and five terpenes: a phellandrene, a pinene, camphene, dipentene, limonene, which give them, in addition to anti-microbial, antiseptic, powerful insecticidal properties.

> Helichrysum italicum botanically, biologically and biochemically defined, obtained by steam distillation of the flowering plant and whose gas chromatography has demonstrated

- an ester: neryl acetate, - α dione, with antiseptic and above all insecticide Juniperus communis properties, botanically, biologically and biochemically defined, obtained by steam distillation of needles and wood and whose gas chromatography to reveal chemical molecules such as: - two sesquiterpenes: cadinene and cedrene,

- two alcohols: borneol and terpineol,

- four terpenes: camphene, β myrcene, a pinene, sabinene, with very effective antiseptic, insecticide, insect repellents and parasiticides properties. Laurus nobilis, botanically, biologically and biochemically defined, whose steam distillation of the leaves and gas chromatography have made it possible to isolate the following molecules:

- 1.8 cineole,

an ester: α terpenyl acetate,

- an alcohol: linalool whose disinfectant antiseptic properties among others, are associated with remarkable insect repellant properties.

> Lavandula latifolia spica botanically, biologically and biochemically defined, obtained by steam distillation of fresh flowers and whose gas chromatography identifies the following molecules:

- four alcohols: borneol, geraniol, lavandulol, linalool,

- three esters: geranyl acetate, lavandulyl acetate, lynalyl acetate,

- 1,8 cineol,

- a sesquiterpene: β caryophyllene, - two terpenes: limonene and a pinene with anti-microbial, antiseptic, bactericidal, deodorant, fungicidal, sanitizing and especially insecticidal properties.

> Melaleuca alternifolia botanically, biologically and biochemically defined, obtained by steam distillation of the leaves of twigs and twigs and whose gas chromatography has identified the following chemical molecules:

- an alcohol: 4 terpineol,

- 1.8 cineole,

- three terpenes: p cymene, pinene, γ terpinene whose antibiotic, antiseptic, anti-viral, bactericidal, fungicidal, parasiticidal and above all insecticidal properties are proven.

> Melaleuca viridifolia, botanically, biologically and biochemically defined, obtained by steam distillation of twigs of flowers and young shoots, whose chemical composition obtained by gas chromatography consists of the following molecules: - an acid: the acid 3-methylbutanoic acid,

- an alcohol: terpineol,

- two terpenes: a pinene, limonene,

- 1-8 cineole, whose powerful insecticidal property is associated with antiseptic and bactericidal properties. Botanically, biologically and biochemically defined Melissa officinalis, obtained by steam distillation of the leaves and flowers and which, subjected to gas chromatography, detect the following chemical composition:

- three alcohols: citronellol, géraniol, linalol,

- an ester: geranyl acetate, - two sesquiterpenes: gernacrene D, β caryophyllene,

- two aldehydes: citral, citronellal,

- an acid: citronellic acid, the recognized insecticidal properties of which are associated with bactericidal properties. > Mentha piperita, botanically, biologically and biochemically defined, obtained by steam distillation of the whole plant and whose gas chromatography has revealed the following chemical molecules:

- a monoterpene: menthol and its derivatives, including a ketone: menthone,

- an ester: menthyl acetate with powerful antiseptic and insect repellent properties.

> Myrtus communis botanically, biologically and biochemically defined, obtained by steam distillation of flowers, leaves and twigs and whose gas chromatography highlights the following chemical molecules:

- four alcohols: geraniol, nerol, linalool, myrtenol, - an aldehyde: myrtenal,

- 1-8 cineole,

- three terpenes: camphene, α pinene, dipentene with antiseptic, bactericidal and parasiticidal and above all insecticidal properties. Botanically, biologically and biochemically defined Ocimum basilicum, obtained by steam distillation of the whole plant and subjected to gas chromatography, revealed the following chemical molecules:

- two phenols: eugenol and methyl chavicol,

- three terpenes: α pinene, sylvestrene, ocimene

- an alcohol: linalool, - borneone, 1-8 cineol, camphene with essentially insect repellant and insecticide properties associated with bactericidal and antiseptic properties.

> Botanically, biologically and biochemically defined pelargonium graveolens, obtained by steam distillation of the leaves, stems and flowers subjected to gas chromatography and the chemical molecules of which are highlighted:

- five alcohols, geraniol, citronellol, linalol, myrtenol, 5-terpineol,

- an aldehyde: citral,

- an acid: geranic acid,

- a ketone: methone, - a phenol: eugenol,

- and a terpene: sabinene, compounds which give the essences of Pelargonium graveolens powerful insecticidal, fungicidal, repellant, deodorant and antimicotic properties. Pinus sylvestris, botanically, biologically and biochemically defined, obtained by steam distillation of twigs, needles and cones subjected to gas chromatography show in their components the following chemical molecules:

- two esters: bornyl acetate, terpenyl acetate,

- one sesquiterpene: cadinene, - five terpenes: camphene, dipentene, phellandrene, pinene, sylvestrene,

- an alcohol: borneol.

All these components give the whole, fungicidal, bactericidal, insect repellant and insecticidal properties. Pogostemon cablin botanically, biologically and biochemically defined, obtained by steam distillation of the dried and fermented leaves and subjected to gas chromatography which identified the following chemical molecules:

- an alcohol: patchoulol,

- two aldehydes: benzoic, cinnamic,

- a phenol: eugenol, - a sesquiterpene: cadinene.

These components give the complex insect repellant, insecticide, fungicide and anti-septic properties. Botanically, biologically and biochemically defined Rosmarinus officinalis, obtained by steam distillation of the leaves and flowering tops, subjected to gas chromatography, are composed of the following chemical molecules:

- an alcohol: borneol,

- an aldehyde: cuminic,

- verbenone,

- a sesquiterpene: β caryophyllene, - an ester: bornyl acetate,

- camphor and 1-8 cineole which explain the insect repellant properties associated with fungicidal and parasiticidal properties. > Santalum album botanically, biologically and biochemically defined, obtained by steam distillation of the roots and heart of the dried and powdered wood, and whose chemical molecules identified by gas chromatography are:

- a sesquiterpene: santalene, - an alcohol: santalol, episantanol,

- two aldehydes: furfurol, bergamotol which explain the insecticidal, bactericidal and fungicidal properties. Thymus serpillum botanically, biologically and biochemically defined, obtained by steam distillation of flowering stems and whose gas chromatography has made it possible to identify

- two phenols: thymol, carvacrol,

- two acids: caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid,

- a terpene: p-cimene,

- an alcohol: linalool with antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic and above all insect repellents and insecticides properties while being melliferous. Vetiveria zizanoïdes, botanically, biologically and biochemically defined, obtained by steam distillation of the roots, and whose gas chromatography allowed to isolate - an acid: benzoic acid,

- an alcohol: vetiverol,

- a sesquiterpene: vetivene,

- an aldehyde: furfurol,

- a ketone: the vetivone which gives the complex antiseptic properties, associated with powerful insect repellant properties.

The aromatic essences composing the product according to the invention have a volatility index ranging from 5 to 100, that is to say essences of higher, medium and lower classes. Indeed, the volatility index of Eucalyptus globulus for example is 5, of higher class indicating that the lightness of this essence allows it a faster diffusion, giving it a higher tone, immediate action. By comparison, the aromatic essence of Citrus bergamia has a volatility index of 55, which indicates a medium tone, while the aromatic essences of Pogostemon cablin, Vetiveria zizanoïdes and Pelargonium graveolens have a basic tone. The presence of aromatic essences having these three types of tone, namely superior, medium and basic, gives the product according to the invention, its originality. Indeed, the aromatic essences at the higher tone have an immediate and rapid action the aromatic essences at the medium tone explain the persistence, the aromatic essences at the base tone fix the essences at the medium tone by prolonging their diffusion.

The insect repellant and / or insecticidal effects of aromatic essences being limited in time and in space because of their volatile nature, their use is more readily limited to electric diffusers or to devices with very localized effects. It was therefore necessary, with the aim on the one hand of increasing its persistence, and on the other hand of broadening its use in aerosols, with the aim of causing an immediate killing effect, to find a process who would allow it. Additives, such as resins, waxes, have already been proposed, but the chemical molecules which compose them are likely to react with those of aromatic essences and to modify their behavior. The product according to the invention, and without this example being limiting, contains aragonite biocrystals reduced to a powder of very fine particle size, namely from 0.5 to 1 micron. These biocrystals are composed of two phases: an organic phase, essentially collagen, and an inorganic phase, calcium carbonate crystallized in aragonitic form. The presence of these biocrystals gives the product according to the invention residual properties in time and space. These biocrystals, impregnated with the products according to the invention behave like microcapsules which, fixed to the shell and to the wings of insects like pollen, release the product according to the invention in a delayed manner, thereby increasing its duration d 'action. In addition, the density of Faragonite, close to 2.7, causes an overweight in the wings of small insects such as mosquitoes, and contributes to disturb the flight. The product according to the invention according to a preferred embodiment, and without this example being limiting, can be presented for example in the form below:

In a glass or stainless steel container of adequate capacity, fitted with a lid and having a propeller agitator, as well as a cooling system intended to maintain the temperature of the mixture at around 5 ° C. so as to limit the diffusion of volatile molecules, an equal amount of each aromatic essence is poured, ie for a preparation of 200 ml of product according to the invention:

Aromatic essences of Aniba rosaedora biochemically defined with the following molecules: geraniol - linalol - nerol - terpineol - cineole - dipentene - cedrene 5 ml Aromatic essences of Artemisia absintium biochemically defined with the following molecules: methyl chavicol - limonene - ocimene 5 ml

Aromatic essences of Cedrus atlantica biochemically defined with the following molecules: cedrol - cadinene - cedrenol 5 ml

Aromatic essences of Citrus aurantifolia biochemically defined with the following molecules: linalool - terpineol - limonene - α pinene - sabinene - terpilonene - citral - lynalyne acetate

5 ml Citrus bergamia aromatic essences biochemically defined with the following molecules: linalool - nerol - terpineol - linalyl acetate - bergatene - dipentene - limonene 5 ml

Aromatic essences of Cupresus sempiverens biochemically defined with the following molecules: sabinol - furfurol - camphene - cymene - alpha pinene - sylvestrene - terpenyl acetate 5 ml

Aromatic essences of Cymbopogon citratus biochemically defined with the following molecules: citral - citronellal - limonene - β myrcene - farnesol - geraniol - nerol 5 ml

Aromatic essences of Eucalyptus globulus biochemically defined with the following molecules: citronellal - 1-8 cineol - globulol - pinocarveol - camphene - fenchene - α phellandrene - α pinene 5 ml

Aromatic essences Eugenia carryophyllata biochemically defined with the following molecules: eugenol - eugenyl acetate 5 ml

Aromatic essences of Euphoria punicea biochemically defined with the following molecules: sapogenin - quersetol - glycerrhetic acid 5 ml

Aromatic essences of Foeniculum vulgare biochemically defined with the following molecules: anisic aldehyde - cuminic aldehyde - fenchone - trans-anethole - methylchavirol - camphene - dipentene - limonene - α phellandrene - α pinene 5 ml Aromatic essences of Helycrisum italicum biochemically defined with the following molecules: neryl acetate - α dione 5 ml

Aromatic essences of Juniperus communis biochemically defined with the following molecules: - borneol - terpineol - cadinene - cedrene - camphene - β myrcene - α pinene - sabinene 5 ml

Aromatic essences of Laurus nobilis biochemically defined with the following molecules: 1-8 cineole - α terpenyl acetate - linalool - 5 ml

Aromatic essences of Lavandula latifolia spica biochemically defined with the following molecules: borneol - geraniol - lavantulol - linalol - geranyl acetate - lavandulyl linalyl acetate - 1-8 cineol - β caryophyllene - limonene - α pinene 5 ml

Aromatic essences of Melaleuca alternifolia biochemically defined with the following molecules: 4-terpineol - 1-8 cineole - p-cymene - α pinene -γ terpinene 5 ml

Aromatic essences of Melaleuca viridiflora biochemically defined with the following molecules: 3 methylbutanoic acid - terpineol - α pinene - limonene - 1-8 cineole 5 ml

Aromatic essences of Melissa officinalis biochemically defined with the following molecules: citronellol - geraniol - linalole - geranyl acetate - germacrene D - β caryophyllene - citral - citronellal - citrόnellic acid 5 ml

Aromatic essences of Mentha piperita biochemically defined with the following molecules: menthol - menthyl acetate - menthone 5 ml

Aromatic essences of Myrtus communis biochemically defined with the following molecules: geraniol - nerol - linalole - myrtenol - myrténal - 1-8 cineole - camphene - α pinene - dipenthene 5 ml

Aromatic essences of Ocimum basilicum biochemically defined with the following molecules: eugenol - methylchavicol - α pinene - sylvestrene - ocimene - linalole - borneone - 1-8 cineole - camphene 5 ml Aromatic essences Pelargonium graveolens biochemically defined with the following molecules: 5 terpineol - myrthenol - linalol - geranic acid - geraniol - ^ citroriellol - citral - methone - eugenol - sabinene - 5 ml

Aromatic essences of Pinus sylvestris biochemically defined with the following molecules: borneol - bornyl acetate - terpenyl acetate - candinene - camphene - dipentene - α phellandrene - pinene - sylvestrene 5 ml

Aromatic essences of Pogostemon cablin biochemically defined with the following molecules: patchoulol - candinene - eugenol - cinnamic aldehyde - benzoic aldehyde - 5 ml

Aromatic essences of Rosmarinus officinalis biochemically defined with the following molecules: borneol - verbenone - cuminic aldehyde - β caryophyllene - bornyl acetate - camphor - 1-8 cineole 5 ml

Aromatic essences of Santalum album biochemically defined with the following molecules: santalene - santalol - épisantanol - bergamotol - furfurol - 5 ml

Aromatic essences of Thymus serpiUum biochemically defined with the following molecules: thymol - carvacrol - caffeic acid - rosmarinic acid - p-cimene - linalol 5 ml

Aromatic essences of Vetiveria zizanoides biochemically defined with the following molecules: benzoic acid - vetiverol - vetivene - furfurol - vetivone 5 ml

- cold pressed wheat germ vegetable oil or any other vegetable oil 14 ml

- Euphoria punicea alcoholate 10 ml

- alcohol of Euphoria punicea 10 ml

- aragonite biocrystals with particle size 0.5 to 1 micron 2 gr - demineralized water 16 ml

After having undergone compatibility and stability tests, the product according to the invention is mixed with various solvents, such as those already mentioned, such as, for example, alcohols, hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon alcohol mixtures, at concentrations of 1.5% or 3% in order to undergo efficacy tests.

The examples in reference are not limiting, since it will be up to the person skilled in the art to use the product according to the invention at different concentrations whenever he wishes to obtain an insect repellent and or insecticide effect.

The speed of rotation of the propeller being approximately 1500 revolutions / minute, the mixture is stirred constantly for thirty minutes at the end of which are poured 10 ml of a commercial dispersant until a solution of viscosity is obtained. of 10.30 m. Not, for example, which defines the product according to the invention.

The product according to the invention can be packaged in hermetically closed stainless steel containers and stored in a cold room until conditioned, with constant stirring. The following example illustrates the particularity of the product according to the invention: two translucent plastic enclosures of 60 liters each are produced, separated by a removable panel. By opening the first enclosure, one hundred flies of age and equivalent size are introduced, coming from different strains. The experimental conditions are as follows: temperature 26 ° C, humidity rate 60%. The normal activity of the flies is noted before spraying the product according to the invention in an aerosol for five seconds. There is an immediate killing effect on flies affected by the aerosol cloud, with a KT50 (50% mortality rate) after four minutes. We note moreover, on the other half of the insects a disorientation of the flight and difficulties of locomotion on the ground and on the walls. After ten minutes, the removable panel is opened, freeing access to the second enclosure, in which bait has been deposited (drops of sugared liquid, droplets of blood). Flies that can still fly, about thirty, pass into the second enclosure which is immediately isolated from the first by closing the removable panel. At the end of fifteen minutes, one notes that a dozen flies posed on the walls of the enclosure or near the baits do not show any activity and that the eighteen others are in supine position. The observation carried out one hour later shows a lethal effect on all the flies of the second enclosure without recovery after twenty-four hours.

Another example carried out under the same conditions on horse flies gives substantially the same results. A macroscopic and microscopic observation is then made of one of the walls of the first enclosure, which shows the presence of microscopic aragonite biocrystals adhering to it. These are taken and reserved for analysis. On the other hand, samples of corpses of insects from the first and second enclosures are removed and observed under a microscope. The chemical and chromatographic analysis of the samples of biocrystals taken from the wall of the first enclosure shows that they are still impregnated with the product according to the invention, the odor of which is characteristic after 7 days. Microscopic observation of the wings of the body and the legs of the corpses of insects shows the presence of numerous fragments of biocrystals whose size varies from 0.5 to 1 micron.

The observation of the corpses of insects, flies and horseflies, showed the softening of the chitinous shell of the bodies and wings of the latter at the point of adhesion of the fragments of biocrystals. Samples of these softened parts studied under a microscope and subjected to biochemical analysis have shown the transformation of chitin into chitosan. Indeed, we know that the cuticle of insects is formed of an organic substance with a structure similar to that of cellulose which is a polysaccharide. This substance, chitin, is also a polyholoside formed from long chains of N acetyl glucosamine (NAG) radicals united by 1-4 osidic bonds and which gives arthropod insects their rigidity. Examination of the cuticle of the insects studied shows that, at the place where biocrystals fragments adhered, a softening of this due to the transformation of chitin into chitosan by deacetylation, hydrolysis reaction where a hydrogen replaces a acetyl group CH3Co. This softening induces a loss of rigidity of the wings and of the body of the insect explaining the disturbance of the flight as well as the penetration of the product according to the invention to the vital organs and in particular to the neuromuscular junction.

Furthermore, the biochemical analysis of the softened parts shows the presence of triterpene sapogenin, the highly hemolytic properties of which lethally degrade the blood elements of the insects studied, and cause suffocation.

The example described above demonstrates that the presence of fragments of aragonite biocrystals in the product according to the invention, characteristically potentiates not only its persistence but induces a lethal delay effect due to the deacetylation of the shell of insects and thereby increases its insecticidal properties. Taking into account the peculiarities of the product according to the invention, it is obvious that its mode of action is similar to that of organophosphates and pyrethroids acting by contact and by ingestion, by inhibiting the transmission of cholinestherase by probably fixing on the active sites of this enzyme, and preventing it from hydrolyzing Facethylcholine, hence prolonging the action of this chemical mediator and indirect reinforcement of the central and peripheral cholinergic effects. The product according to the invention is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor located in the neurons and at the neuromuscular junction, which explains the mortality rate at first contact and the absence of recovery after 24 hours.

The product according to the invention can be mixed, without these examples being limiting, with vectors serving as solvents such as hydrocarbons of the group derived from propane, saturated hydrocarbon with 3 carbons, with isoparaffinic hydrocarbon, with alcohols such as ethyl alcohol. , - methyl alcohol, to an ethyl / isopropyl mixture, to resins in order to increase the persistence or to demineralized water. The product according to the invention is also in the form of solutions of different viscosities in electric diffusers. It can also enter into the composition of candles intended to repel insects such as flies, mosquitoes and wasps or in it. composition of devices intended to be consumed by incandescence, it can also, and without this example being limiting, permeate all natural or synthetic supports such as lingéttés, diffusion plates, intended to distance, destroy or protect from insects.

According to another embodiment, the product according to the invention mixed with surfactants can enter into the composition of shampoos, soaps, lotions, for all types of domestic animals, at different concentrations depending on the size and the species of animals considered. The product according to the invention can be packaged in pressure vessels fitted with devices allowing spraying in the premises.

The tests carried out on the product according to the invention, apart from the usual precautions during its manufacture, have demonstrated that it is non-toxic at the concentrations used, for warm-blooded animals as well as for humans. In addition, it is biodegradable and respects the environment.

Claims

RE VE N D I C AT I O N S

1) Insect repellant and insecticide, characterized in that it is composed of botanically, biologically and biochemically defined aromatic essences associated with aragonite biocrystals of 0.5 to 1 micron dispersed in an alcoholate and an alcoholature of Euphoria punicea .

2) insect repellant and insecticide according to claim 1, characterized in that the aromatic essences are extracted from Aniba rosaedora, Artemisia absinthium, Cedrus atlantica, Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus bergamia, Cupresus sempervirens, Cymbopogon citratus,

Eucalyptus globulus, Eugenia caryophyllata, Euphoria punicea, Foeniculum vulgare, Helichrysum italicum, Juniperus communis, Laurus nobilis, Lavandula latifolia spica, Melaleuca alternifolia, Melaleuca viridifolia, Melissa officinalis, Mentha piperita, Myrtus communisis Pinargus, Ocimum cablin, Rosmarinus officinalis, Santalum album, Thymus serpiUum, Vetiveria zizanoïdes.

3) Insect repellent and insecticide product according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the biochemically defined molecules are:

- alcohols: geraniol, linalol, nerol, terpineol, cedrol, sabinol, farnesol, quercetol, borneol, lavandulol, 4-terpineol, citronellol, myrtenol, 5 terpineol, patchoulol, santalol, episantanόl, cineole, 1-8 cineole, globol pinocarveol, cedrenol

- aldehydes: citral, furfurol, citronellal, anisic aldehyde, cuminic aldehyde, myrtenal, cinnamic aldehyde, benzoic aldehyde, bergamotol,

- ketones: fenchone, borneone, menthone, camphor, vetivone, methone, α dione, verbénone

- terpenes: dipentene, limonene, ocimene, pinene, sabinene, terpilonene, camphene, p-cymene, α pinene, sylvestrene, β myrcene, fenchene, α phellandrene, γ terpinene

- phenols: methyl chavicol, eugenol, trans-anethole, thymol, carvacrol

- sesquiterpenes: cadinene, cedrene, β caryophyllene, germacrene D, santalene, vetivene

- esters: lynalyl acetate, terpenyl acetate, neryl acetate, α-terpenyl acetate, geranyl acetate, lavandulyl acetate, menthyl acetate, bornyl acetate, eugenyl acetate

- lactones: bergaptene - triterpenes: sapogenin,

- acids: glycyrrhetic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, citronellic acid, geranic acid, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, benzoic acid

- monoterpenes: menthol

4) insect repellant and insecticide according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said product is mixed with a compatible vegetable oil or liquid.

5) insect repellant and insecticide according to claim 4, characterized in that said product is mixed with wheat germ oil cold pressed.

6) insect repellant and insecticide according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is mixed with vectors and solvents.

7) insect repellant and insecticide according to claim 6, characterized in that the solvents are hydrocarbons such as isoparaffinic hydrocarbon, isopropyl.

8) insect repellant and insecticide according to claim 6, characterized in that the solvents are alcohols such as ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol.

9) insect repellant and insecticide according to claim 6, characterized in that the solvents are a mixture of hydrocarbons and alcohols, such as ethyl and isopropyllic alcohol.

10) insect repellant and insecticide according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is in the form of emulsions of different viscosities.

11) Insect repellent and insecticide product according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is mixed with surfactants used in the shampoo composition for animals.

12) Application of the insect repellant and insecticide according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is used in the composition of candles, soaps, lotions, and in the impregnation of wafers, textile wipes, or broadcasters. 3) Application of the product according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is intended for the repulsion and destruction of all flying or crawling insects.