EP1602169A2 - Ansteuerschaltung für schaltnetzteil - Google Patents
Ansteuerschaltung für schaltnetzteilInfo
- Publication number
- EP1602169A2 EP1602169A2 EP04718637A EP04718637A EP1602169A2 EP 1602169 A2 EP1602169 A2 EP 1602169A2 EP 04718637 A EP04718637 A EP 04718637A EP 04718637 A EP04718637 A EP 04718637A EP 1602169 A2 EP1602169 A2 EP 1602169A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- primary
- switch
- capacitor
- voltage pulse
- signal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a control circuit for regulating the output power of a primarily controlled switching power supply.
- the invention relates to a control circuit in a primarily controlled switching power supply, which has a switch on the primary side and a transformer with an auxiliary winding.
- the primary-side switching processes induce voltage pulses in the auxiliary winding, which can be used to regulate the output power.
- the invention also relates to a method for operating a switched-mode power supply of the generic type.
- the invention relates to a method for regulating the output power of a primary-controlled switched-mode power supply with a transformer and a switch on the primary side, the switch on the primary side being controllable by a driver.
- Switched-mode power supplies are used in numerous electronic devices in order to generate the low-voltage direct voltage required to supply the electronic components from a mains voltage. Switched-mode power supplies have prevailed over conventional power supplies with power transformers in many applications, since they have a better efficiency from a certain performance class and in particular require less space. The latter is due in particular to the fact that instead of the mains voltage, a high-frequency alternating voltage is transformed, which instead of the usual mains frequencies of 50 Hz or 60 Hz can be in the range from 20 kHz to 200 kHz, for example. Since the required number of turns of the transformer is inversely proportional to the frequency, the copper losses can be greatly reduced and the necessary transformer is significantly smaller.
- primary-switched switching power supplies in which the frequency generated on the primary side of the high-frequency transformer by the switch, for example a bipolar transistor, is regulated depending on the load present on the secondary side of the power supply, by one Avoid saturation of the high-frequency transformer.
- the feedback necessary for such a regulation is implemented, for example, by using a voltage tapped at an auxiliary winding as a controlled variable. This is shown, for example, in European patent application EP 1 146 630 A2.
- the method for regulating the output current described in EP 1 146 630 A2 and / or the output voltage of a switching power supply includes that the same energy is loaded into the transformer with each pulse.
- sample-and-hold element S&H element
- the present invention is based on the knowledge that the voltage pulse on the auxiliary winding itself contains the necessary information when a scanning and storing Before the controlled variable delivers the best control result under the prevailing operating conditions. If the sampling time is determined on the basis of the duration of this voltage pulse, changes in the operating conditions, for example in the mains voltage fed in, can be taken into account in a simple and effective manner. This means that the sampling time automatically adapts to the respective operating conditions. This selection of a favorable sampling time can be ensured, for example, that is measured at a low current, which means that control deviations caused by changing the converter internal resistance, the series equivalent resistance (ESR) of the secondary capacitors, the forward voltage of the secondary diode. B. arise when the temperature changes, reduce.
- ESR series equivalent resistance
- two input signals are used to assess the duration of the voltage pulse on the auxiliary winding, which are also required for the control of the switched-mode power supply in another way: the control signal for closing the primary-side switch, which reflects the start of the voltage pulse after the primary-side switch has been opened, and the demagnetization signal, which indicates whether the transformer is without power and thus contains the information about the end of the voltage pulse on the auxiliary winding.
- the circuit arrangement for generating the sampling signal which defines the sampling time with reference to the time of opening of the primary-side switch, comprises a constant current source, a first capacitor that can be charged by this constant current source, and a second capacitor that is connected to the first capacitor can be connected in parallel, and a comparator.
- the comparator is connected to one connection of the two capacitors and can be operated in such a way that it outputs the scanning signal when the voltages on both capacitors are the same.
- the scanning signal can be automatically defined for a switching cycle in the previous switching cycle.
- the second capacitor contains in the form of its charge the information about the duration of the voltage pulse during the respective switching cycle.
- the first capacitor, which over the constant Current source is charged however, contains information about the duration of the voltage pulse during the current switching cycle.
- a first switch is arranged between the constant current source and the first capacitor in order to separate the latter from the constant current source when the end of the voltage pulse has been recognized and thus to stop the charging of the first capacitor.
- a second switch is connected in parallel to the second capacitor and can be controlled by the scanning signal in such a way that the second capacitor is discharged as a result of the transmission of the scanning signal.
- a third switch is arranged so that the first and second capacitors are parallel to each other while the third switch is closed and is controlled so that it is closed at the moment when the end of the voltage pulse is signaled.
- the charge can be transferred from the first capacitor to the second capacitor in a particularly simple manner.
- a fourth switch is connected in parallel with the first capacitor and enables the first capacitor to be discharged when the fourth switch is closed.
- the signals which are also required for the other functions of the control circuit are advantageously used, that is to say a control signal for the switch on the primary side which is at H potential when the switch is closed and on L potential is when the switch is open and a demagnetization signal which is at H potential when the voltage on the auxiliary winding is below a certain threshold value and at L potential when the voltage on the auxiliary winding is above a certain threshold value lies.
- the circuit arrangement expediently have a control device that has at least one output for controlling the plurality of switches depending on the duration of the voltage pulse.
- Such a control device can be implemented in a simple manner with digital logic modules.
- control circuit is particularly effective when the control circuit is used in a primary-controlled switching power supply that uses an electronic switch as the primary-side switch, preferably a power bipolar transistor.
- an electronic switch preferably a power bipolar transistor.
- power MOSFETs or IGBTs can also be used.
- an overvoltage protection circuit can be implemented by a second control circuit or an overvoltage cutoff on the same auxiliary winding.
- the voltage on the auxiliary winding can be used to detect a wire break. For example, if there is no negative voltage at the measuring point when the primary switch is turned on, the auxiliary winding is not connected or interrupted.
- a corresponding control circuit can switch the device into a safe mode and, for example, B. ensure compliance with the requirements for safety extra-low voltage.
- the primary-side switch is switched off for such a long time that the secondary base load causes the output voltage to drop so low before the switch is next switched on that the next switching operation cannot raise the voltage beyond the safe value.
- the complete output voltage regulation including the overvoltage protection, can therefore advantageously be integrated in an integrated circuit, and no further components are required.
- such a wire break detection prevents consequential errors that otherwise often occur when the wiring is incorrect or the auxiliary winding is not connected. In such cases, repairs are significantly simplified.
- the overvoltage protection can be activated when the normal voltage level is exceeded very slightly, so that in the event of a fault, connected devices and users who touch the output connector are not endangered.
- two identical voltage regulators can be used in the integrated circuit be set up so that only the internal tolerance determines which branch takes over the normal control and which branch carries out the overvoltage monitoring. In this case the overvoltage level is almost identical to the normal voltage level.
- the current in the transformer is compared according to the invention with two threshold values.
- the driver When the current reaches the first threshold, the driver is switched to high resistance.
- the switch on the primary side When the second threshold is reached, the switch on the primary side is actively switched off.
- Such a driver advantageously has low power consumption.
- the switching losses can be reduced.
- the input voltage dependency of the primary current can be reduced with the driver circuit according to the invention.
- the changeover times can be automatically adapted to different rates of increase in the primary current.
- Such a driver circuit offers in particular for small power supplies, in which no more than z. B. 0.3 W power loss may occur, clear advantages.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a control circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram of a primary-controlled switching power supply with a control circuit according to FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 shows a circuit diagram of a circuit arrangement for generating a scanning signal
- FIG. 4 qualitative time curves of various signals and voltages within the control circuit according to the present invention.
- Figure 1 shows a control circuit for controlling the output power of a primary-controlled switching power supply in your application environment.
- a control 100 can be implemented, for example, as a user-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
- ASIC user-specific integrated circuit
- the secondary power of the switching power supply unit which is output at the secondary winding 102 is regulated on the primary side by driving an electronic switch T10, here a power bipolar transistor.
- the voltage on an auxiliary winding 104 is used as the control variable.
- a positive voltage pulse is induced in the auxiliary winding after opening switch T10, which first shows an overshoot and then a continuously decreasing course.
- the voltage pulse duration 408 has elapsed, the voltage on the auxiliary winding drops to zero with a settling.
- a voltage pulse in the negative direction is induced in the auxiliary winding when the switch is closed again.
- the positive voltage pulse on the auxiliary winding after opening the switch can be used to regulate the output power of the switching power supply.
- the regulation takes place by a corresponding adjustment of the time period in which the switch T10 remains open.
- the actual control of the bipolar transistor T10 takes place via a driver 106.
- the reference values of the regulation and the supply voltage are derived from a band gap reference 108.
- Further circuit elements for switching the driver 106 on and off are the current and voltage detection with timing elements and characteristic curves which describe the control characteristic. Protection functions for overvoltage and overcurrent are included as well as a voltage regulator and a start-up circuit.
- the sample and hold circuit (S&H) 108 receives a corresponding sample signal 112 from a circuit arrangement contained in the block "Timers and the link" 110 when the voltage value on the auxiliary winding is to be recorded and stored.
- the control circuit 100 also has an overvoltage protection comparator (OVP comparator) 107 and a fade-out comparator 109, both of which are supplied with the voltage induced on the auxiliary winding 104.
- OVP comparator 107 detects positive voltages above the control range, switches off the driver 106 for the duration of a fade-out time and thereby prevents the occurrence of overvoltages. If the Auxiliary winding, as shown in FIG. 4 in curve 401, induces a negative voltage pulse when the primary-side switch is closed. If the auxiliary winding 104 is not connected or interrupted, this negative voltage pulse is missing.
- the blanking comparator 109 detects the negative voltages during the closing of the primary soap switch and, in the absence of the negative voltage pulse, also triggers the blanking time for the driver. As a result, the primary-side switch is opened for such a long time that the secondary base load causes the output voltage to drop so low before the switch is next switched on that the subsequent switching process can no longer raise the voltage above a safe level. A possible defect in the connection between the control circuit 100 and the auxiliary winding 104 is thus protected.
- control circuit 100 has an IP comparator 105 which measures the current IP which flows through the primary-side winding of the transformer 101 when the primary-side switch T10 is closed.
- the current IP in the IP comparator 105 is compared with two threshold values. When the current reaches the first threshold value, driver 106 is switched to high resistance. When the second threshold value is reached, the primary-side switch T10 is actively switched off. The duration of the high impedance is determined by the difference between the two threshold values.
- the primary-side switch is a field effect transistor, for example, this difference is not critical since the gate capacitance stores the charge for a relatively long time.
- the primary-side switch T10 is a bipolar transistor
- the first threshold value must be relatively close to the second threshold value, since the bipolar transistor begins to block after a short time.
- this effect can be very favorable if you optimize the threshold values. After a short time with a high-impedance base, the primary-side switch is no longer saturated and can be switched off much faster. This reduces switching losses.
- the first threshold value is approximately 80% of the second threshold value.
- a delay time is relatively uncritical.
- the driver 106 is first switched to high resistance and after a short delay, for example 100 nanoseconds, the switch on the primary side becomes actively closed. If a control method according to EP 1 146 630 A2 is used, the method automatically regulates the resulting extension of the pause time and the output characteristic of the device remains unchanged.
- FIG. 2 shows, in the form of a circuit diagram, an embodiment of a switching power supply in which the control circuit 100 according to the invention is used.
- FIG. 3 shows a possible circuit implementation of a circuit arrangement for generating a scanning signal, as is contained in block 110 of FIG. 1.
- Circuit arrangement 300 outputs the scanning signal 112 to the sample and hold circuit 108 of FIG. 1 as an output signal with the control signal V G and the demagnetization signal V Dema g.
- the control signal of the bipolar transistor V G serves to identify the start of the voltage pulse and the demagnetization signal V Dema g serves to identify the end of the voltage pulse.
- the circuit arrangement 300 essentially consists of a first capacitor C1 and a second capacitor C2 as well as a constant voltage source 301 and a comparator 302.
- Four switches S1 to S4 coordinate the charging and discharging of the two capacitors and a digital controller 304 controls these switches.
- the drive circuit 304 which is shown in FIG. 3, is formed by a first and a second RS flip-flop as well as by a NOR gate and an AND gate.
- the circuit 300 Immediately after the switch T10 on the primary side has been switched off, the first capacitor C1 is connected to the constant current source 301 via the switch S1 and subsequently charged. The voltage on the first capacitor C1 is compared by the comparator 302 with the voltage of the second capacitor C2. When the voltage on the capacitor C1 reaches the value of the voltage on the capacitor C2, the comparator 302 outputs the sample signal 112 to the sample and hold element 108. At the same time, the capacitor C2 is briefly closed and discharged via the switch S2. The capacitor C1 continues to be charged via the constant current source 301 until the demagnetization detection signals the end of the voltage pulse in the auxiliary winding by a positive voltage edge of the signal V Dema g.
- the sampling time can be set using the ratio C1 / (C1 + C2).
- Figure 4 gives an overview of the time profiles of the most important voltages (in a qualitative representation).
- Curve 401 means the profile of the voltage on the auxiliary winding
- curve 402 the profile of the demagnetization detection
- curve 403 the profile of the control signal for the primary-side switch T10
- curve 404 the voltage on the first capacitor
- curve 405 the voltage on the second capacitor C2
- curve 406 the scanning signal 112.
- the rising edge of the demagnetization signal reflects the drop in the voltage on the auxiliary winding to the value zero.
- the rising edge of curve 402 thus defines the end of voltage pulse duration 408.
- the beginning of the voltage pulse duration is signaled by the falling edge of control voltage V G , which is shown in curve 403.
- Curves 404 and 405 show the voltage profiles which drop across the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2.
- the time 409 at which the two voltage values are equal determines the sampling time at which the sampling signal 112, as shown in curve 406, is output to the sample and hold circuit.
- the sampling signal is selected at a sampling time which is approximately two thirds of the duration of the voltage pulse 408.
- This ratio offers the advantage that it is possible to measure at a comparatively low current, namely at a third of the maximum current.
- the sampling time is always kept constant as long as the duration of the voltage pulse does not change. This can ensure that high control accuracy is achieved.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
- Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10310361 | 2003-03-10 | ||
DE10310361A DE10310361B4 (de) | 2003-03-10 | 2003-03-10 | Ansteuerschaltung für Schaltnetzteil |
PCT/EP2004/002421 WO2004082119A2 (de) | 2003-03-10 | 2004-03-09 | Ansteuerschaltung für schaltnetzteil |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1602169A2 true EP1602169A2 (de) | 2005-12-07 |
Family
ID=32891995
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04718637A Withdrawn EP1602169A2 (de) | 2003-03-10 | 2004-03-09 | Ansteuerschaltung für schaltnetzteil |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7102899B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1602169A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4015169B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0406173B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10310361B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004082119A2 (de) |
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2003
- 2003-03-10 DE DE10310361A patent/DE10310361B4/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2004
- 2004-03-09 EP EP04718637A patent/EP1602169A2/de not_active Withdrawn
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- 2004-03-09 JP JP2005518155A patent/JP4015169B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-09 WO PCT/EP2004/002421 patent/WO2004082119A2/de active Application Filing
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2005
- 2005-02-11 US US11/057,029 patent/US7102899B2/en active Active
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BRPI0406173A (pt) | 2005-07-19 |
WO2004082119A3 (de) | 2004-12-02 |
JP4015169B2 (ja) | 2007-11-28 |
DE10310361A1 (de) | 2004-09-23 |
WO2004082119A8 (de) | 2005-02-17 |
DE10310361B4 (de) | 2005-04-28 |
US20050254268A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
BRPI0406173B1 (pt) | 2016-07-26 |
WO2004082119A2 (de) | 2004-09-23 |
US7102899B2 (en) | 2006-09-05 |
JP2006514528A (ja) | 2006-04-27 |
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