EP1514448A2 - Verfahren, kommunikationsanordnung und kommumikationseinrichtung zum übermitteln von informationen - Google Patents
Verfahren, kommunikationsanordnung und kommumikationseinrichtung zum übermitteln von informationenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1514448A2 EP1514448A2 EP03759830A EP03759830A EP1514448A2 EP 1514448 A2 EP1514448 A2 EP 1514448A2 EP 03759830 A EP03759830 A EP 03759830A EP 03759830 A EP03759830 A EP 03759830A EP 1514448 A2 EP1514448 A2 EP 1514448A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- information
- cell
- communication network
- data
- time slot
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/2854—Wide area networks, e.g. public data networks
- H04L12/2856—Access arrangements, e.g. Internet access
- H04L12/2869—Operational details of access network equipments
- H04L12/2878—Access multiplexer, e.g. DSLAM
- H04L12/2879—Access multiplexer, e.g. DSLAM characterised by the network type on the uplink side, i.e. towards the service provider network
- H04L12/2883—ATM DSLAM
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/2854—Wide area networks, e.g. public data networks
- H04L12/2856—Access arrangements, e.g. Internet access
- H04L12/2869—Operational details of access network equipments
- H04L12/2878—Access multiplexer, e.g. DSLAM
- H04L12/2892—Access multiplexer, e.g. DSLAM characterised by the access multiplexer architecture
- H04L12/2896—Distributed processing, e.g. on line cards
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5603—Access techniques
- H04L2012/5609—Topology
- H04L2012/561—Star, e.g. cross-connect, concentrator, subscriber group equipment, remote electronics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5638—Services, e.g. multimedia, GOS, QOS
- H04L2012/5646—Cell characteristics, e.g. loss, delay, jitter, sequence integrity
- H04L2012/5652—Cell construction, e.g. including header, packetisation, depacketisation, assembly, reassembly
- H04L2012/5653—Cell construction, e.g. including header, packetisation, depacketisation, assembly, reassembly using the ATM adaptation layer [AAL]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5638—Services, e.g. multimedia, GOS, QOS
- H04L2012/5646—Cell characteristics, e.g. loss, delay, jitter, sequence integrity
- H04L2012/5652—Cell construction, e.g. including header, packetisation, depacketisation, assembly, reassembly
- H04L2012/566—Cell construction, e.g. including header, packetisation, depacketisation, assembly, reassembly using the ATM layer
- H04L2012/5662—Macrocells or frames
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5638—Services, e.g. multimedia, GOS, QOS
- H04L2012/5665—Interaction of ATM with other protocols
Definitions
- broadband subscriber access networks also known as access networks - large numbers of subscribers should have inexpensive access to broadband services - e.g. Video-on-demand - to be ensured.
- One way of optimization is to distribute the facilities and resources (e.g. bandwidth and processing speed) provided by the subscriber access networks to as many subscriber lines as possible.
- Another option for cost optimization is to arrange the intelligent functions required for current data services largely centrally in the subscriber access network, so that, for example, the subscriber line modules arranged in the communication network or in the respective network devices have to be equipped with as little functionality as possible.
- the technological and economic outlay for realizing network devices which can be arranged in current communication networks can be reduced by using technologies which have not been developed specifically for broadband subscriber access networks but for mass markets (eg personal computers).
- An example of such a widespread and correspondingly further developed technology is the “Ethernet *” standardized according to the IEEE 802.3 standard, which provides a frame- or packet-oriented and connectionless transmission method.
- network devices that can be arranged in current communication networks, such as, for example, multiplexer devices (for example DSLAM, digital subscriber line access multiplexer), it is known, for example, according to the asynchronous transfer mode - ATM - configured data cells - also referred to as ATM cells - via an Ethernet located locally in the network device to convey subscriber line modules arranged in the network device and at least one central unit or module having the central functions.
- the Ethernet can be used both as "wiring * or" backplane ⁇ in a subrack for bridging short distances as well as a nationwide communication network for bridging larger distances.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of improving the transmission of ATM cells via a packet- or time slot-oriented communication network and, in particular, of creating a subscriber access network in which ATMs which have different AAL types and in some cases are associated with different ATM connections.
- Cells can be transmitted using a packet- or time slot-oriented transmission technology, in particular using Ethernet transmission technology.
- the object is achieved on the basis of a method according to the preamble of claims 1 and 2 by the characterizing features thereof.
- the problem is solved on the basis of a communication arrangement according to the preamble of patent claims 11 and 12 and on the basis of a communication device according to the preamble of patent claims 18 and 19 by the characterizing features in each case.
- the information to be transmitted is inserted as useful information in a useful data field of at least one data packet of a packet-oriented communication network. Furthermore, target information is inserted into the at least one data packet.
- the essential aspect of the method according to the invention is that additional information for routing is assigned to the information to be transmitted before insertion into the useful data field of the at least one data packet.
- the at least one data packet and the information inserted therein together with the respectively assigned routing information are transmitted to at least one destination represented by the destination information of the data packet in the packet-oriented communication network.
- the information transmitted to the at least one target is depending on the assigned routing information.
- the information to be transmitted is inserted as useful information in at least one time slot of a time slot-oriented communication network.
- the essential aspect of the method according to the invention is that the information to be transmitted before
- each additional routing information for forwarding are assigned.
- the at least one time slot and the information inserted therein, together with the respectively assigned routing information, are sent to at least one destination in time.
- L5 slot-oriented communication network transmitted.
- the information transmitted to the at least one destination is relayed as a function of the respectively assigned routing information.
- the main advantage of the method according to the invention is that the disadvantages mentioned at the outset of the method resulting from the FATE standard are avoided.
- the information to be transmitted is transmitted transparently via the 5 packet- or time slot-oriented communication network, so that the technical and economic outlay for preprocessing the information to be transmitted can be saved.
- Information transmitted by means of transparent transmission over different connections, but via the same destination in the packet-oriented communication network, can advantageously be inserted into one or more data packets or time slots of the packet- or time slot-oriented communication network.
- the method according to the invention is not specific
- Connection type - such as restricted to AAL type 5 ATM connections.
- the information transmitted to the destination in the packet or time slot-oriented communication network is reproduced as a function of the routing information and the reproduced information is subsequently passed on.
- This advantageous embodiment enables the almost simultaneous or parallel forwarding which enables information transmitted to the destination to, for example, several subscribers - implementation of multicast or broadcast connections in the direction of the subscriber.
- the packet-oriented communication network is advantageously designed in accordance with the IEEE 802.3 standard - claim 9.
- Such communication networks based on Ethernet technology are designed for the mass market in the area of local networks - LAN - and are therefore cost-optimized.
- communication networks arranged locally in a network or communication device can thus be used as inexpensive wiring of, for example, assemblies - “backplane”.
- FIG. 1 shows an application scenario arranged in a subscriber access network in which the method according to the invention is used
- FIG. 3 shows an ATM cell expanded in accordance with the method according to the invention with additionally assigned routing information
- FIG. 4 shows an Ethernet frame formed according to the method according to the invention with expanded ATM cells inserted therein.
- FIG. 1 shows a communication device or multiplexer device DSLAM arranged in a subscriber access network or access network ACCESS configured according to the asynchronous transfer mode ATM, to which via several connection units AE1 ... Z and via several subscriber connection lines TLN1 ... N or TLN1 ... K the respective participants - not shown - are connected.
- a packet-oriented communication network EN Arranged in the DSLAM communication device is a packet-oriented communication network EN, which is designed in accordance with the IEEE standard 802.3 and is also referred to below as “Ethernet *”, via which the respective connection units AE1... Z are internally connected to one another.
- the Ethernet EN another is central to the Communication device DSLAM arranged unit PACK connected. Both the connection units AE1 ... Z and the central unit PACK are each assigned an Ethernet MAC address macl ... x ... z (MAC, Medium Access Control) that uniquely identifies them within the Ethernet EN.
- the central unit PACK is connected to a first input EDI of the communication device DSLAM via a first input EP1 and via a unit SAR for performing segmentation and reassembly functions.
- a first higher-level communication network KN1 for example also configured in accordance with the IEEE standard 802.3, is connected to this first input EDI.
- the central unit PACK arranged in the DSLAM communication device has a second input EP2, which is connected to a second input ED2 provided in the DSLAM communication device.
- a further higher-level communication network KN2 configured according to the asynchronous transfer mode ATM is connected to this second input ED2.
- the subscribers connected to the DSLAM communication device are connected to the two higher-level communication networks KN1.2 via the respective connection units AE1 ... Z, via the Ethernet EN and via the central unit PACK.
- Control means CONT for carrying out the method according to the invention are provided in the respective connection unit AE1 ... Z and the central unit PACK.
- the ATM cells cell (vcl) formed are forwarded to the first input EP1 of the central unit PACK.
- the information or ATM cells cell (vc2) transmitted from the second communication network KN2 are transmitted directly to the second input EP2 of the central unit PACK via the second input ED2 of the communication device DSLAM
- any data or information streams from differently configured communication networks are brought to the DSLAM communication device and - after a possible preprocessing by the SAR unit - can be relayed as part of the method according to the invention.
- the method according to the invention is described in more detail below.
- the method according to the invention is based on the frame-based ATM over Ethernet standard (FATE) of the ATM forum cited at the beginning. In contrast to the method described in this standard, however, complete, i.e. transmit an ATM cell with a target and user data field with 53 bytes of data, which can be assigned to different virtual connections - here vcl, 2. Furthermore, the method according to the invention is not limited to AAL type 5. According to the invention, the ATM cells arriving at the DSLAM communication device or at the inputs EP1.2 of the central unit PACK and to be relayed to the subscribers connected to the DSLAM communication device are inserted into the user data field or payload field by the control or insertion means CONT Ethernet frame of the Ethernet EN arranged in the communication device DSLAM inserted.
- FATE frame-based ATM over Ethernet standard
- An Ethernet frame can contain 1 to n data or ATM cells, the number of inserted ATM cells being limited only by the maximum possible length of an Ethernet frame according to the standard.
- the normal length of an Ethernet frame is set to 1536 bytes. However, this length can be extended in certain applications.
- each of the ATM cells cell brought up to the two inputs EP1, 2 of the central device PACK is an additional information field zf for inserting additional ones for the relaying of the ATM cells outside as part of the method according to the invention of the Ethernet required Routing information ri added.
- 2 shows the format of an ATM cell ecell which has been expanded in this way.
- the routing information ri that can be inserted in the additional information field zf means that a specific subscriber line TLNl ... n, TLNl ... k connected to one of the connection units AE1 ...
- the routing information ri in this exemplary embodiment having a data length of 8 bits.
- information n representing the number of ATM cells or expanded ATM cells ecell inserted in the respective frame dp is additionally entered in the useful data field nf of each Ethernet frame dp.
- ether type * a new type identification - hereinafter also referred to as “ether type *” - is introduced.
- the introduction of this new "ether type” ensures that the Ethernet frames transmitted via the Ethernet EN are processed correctly.
- Ethernet standard IEEE 802.3 defines two different frame formats, the respective frame format being determined by the value of the first two octets following the address fields or address information DA, SA (see FIG. 3).
- ⁇ DA the destination MAC address (6 octets of data)
- ⁇ data the payload of the Ethernet frame consisting of:
- FCS the "frame-sequence-check * (4 octet data volume).
- ⁇ DA The destination MAC address (6 octet data volume)
- ⁇ length the length of the subsequent data field (2 octets
- this header identifies the following user data field nf (5 octet data volume, including the "Ethertype * field”)
- ⁇ data the payload of the Ethernet frame dp consisting of:
- FCS the "frame-sequence-check * (4 octet data volume)
- the data frames dp shown in FIG. 3 and used in the context of the method according to the invention are identified accordingly by the “ether type * field.
- This marking indicates to the processing routines or control units CONT arranged in the Ethernet EN that at least one ATM cell cell is contained in the user data field nf of the Ethernet frame dp transmitted to the destination, which transmits correspondingly according to the routing information ri arranged in the additional information field zf must become.
- the two virtual connections vcl, 2 are made via subscriber lines TLNl ... n, which are connected to the same connection unit - here AE1.
- An additional information field zf is added to each of the inserted ATM cells cell (vcl), cell (vc2).
- This additional information field zf addresses the respective subscriber line via which the respective ATM cell cell (vcl), cell (vc2) is to be transmitted.
- FIG. 4 shows, by way of example, the Ethernet frame dp formed in accordance with the previous explanations, with ATM cells cell (vcl), cell (vc2) inserted into the useful data field nf and associated with the two virtual connections vcl, 2.
- an expanded ATM cell ecell (vcl) assigned to the first virtual connection and an expanded ATM cell ecell (vc2) assigned to the second virtual connection are inserted into the useful data field nf of the Ethernet frame dp.
- any number of far Erten ATM cells which can be assigned by virtu ⁇ economic compounds of any number, are in the user data ⁇ frame nf inserted - illustrated in FIG 4 by a dotted line - one being the number of inserted ATM cells or pasted expanded ATM Information n representing cells is inserted into the user data field nf of the Ethernet frame.
- the number n of the frames in the Ethernet payload fields nf each of dp inserted ATM cells or pasted expanded ATM cells different.
- the ATM cells cell (vcl) assigned to the first virtual connection vcl are forwarded to or via an output A of the DSLAM communication device and to or via the correspondingly addressed first subscriber line TLN1.
- the respective additional information field zf is not removed before the ATM cells transmitted to the respective destination AE1 ... Z are forwarded becomes. This is for example in a cascade to ⁇ arrangement or configuration of destination port units of the case - not shown.
- the expanded ATM cells are forwarded together with the respective additional information field in a first step, for example to a further module assigned to the connection unit.
- the additional routing information of the transmitted, expanded ATM cells is evaluated again and then - after removing the additional information fields zf - the ATM cells are relayed in the manner described.
- the ATM cells cell (vc2) assigned to the second virtual connection vc2 are forwarded to or via an output A of the communication device DSLAM and to or via the correspondingly addressed nth subscriber line TLNn.
- the subsequent forwarding of the ATM cells cell (vcl), cell (vc2) to or via the subscriber access network ACCESS in the direction of the subscriber takes place in accordance with the ATM transmission method, i.e. depending on the VPI and VCI values (Virtual Path Identifier and Virtual Circuit Identifier) contained in the target information of the individual ATM cells.
- additional information for further transmission as routing information ri are insertable.
- an additional ATM service class assigned to the respective virtual connection or ATM connection - for example VBR, ABR, UBR - Identifying information and / or QoS information
- the respective ATM cell is then NEN according to these additional Informatio ⁇ example, a particular class of service to a particular type arranged in the target connection unit queue and then relayed in the manner described above a certain subscriber line.
- connection units AE1 ... Z can be connected to the internal Ethernet EN, via which only conventional data frames dp formed in accordance with the IEEE 802.3 standard - i.e. normal ethernet
- Data traffic - to be forwarded to the Ethernet EN are conveyed together with the data frames or data packets dp formed in the context of the method according to the invention in accordance with standardized Ethernet transmission technology via the Ethernet EN.
- cell (vc2) transmitted via the established connections vcl, vc2 further information can advantageously be provided in a cost-effective manner between the components arranged in the DSLAM communication device and connected to the Ethernet EN - e.g. Connection units AE1 ... Z, central units PACK - can be exchanged using the method according to the invention - e.g. Control and configuration information.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10226637A DE10226637A1 (de) | 2002-06-14 | 2002-06-14 | Verfahren, Kommunikationsanordnung und Kommunikationseinrichtung zum Übermitteln von Informationen |
DE10226637 | 2002-06-14 | ||
PCT/DE2003/001869 WO2003107598A2 (de) | 2002-06-14 | 2003-06-04 | Verfahren, kommunikationsanordnung und kommumikationseinrichtung zum übermitteln von informationen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1514448A2 true EP1514448A2 (de) | 2005-03-16 |
Family
ID=29723172
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03759830A Withdrawn EP1514448A2 (de) | 2002-06-14 | 2003-06-04 | Verfahren, kommunikationsanordnung und kommumikationseinrichtung zum übermitteln von informationen |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20050254487A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1514448A2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1663318A (de) |
DE (1) | DE10226637A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2003107598A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10226637A1 (de) * | 2002-06-14 | 2004-01-15 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren, Kommunikationsanordnung und Kommunikationseinrichtung zum Übermitteln von Informationen |
US7107382B2 (en) * | 2003-04-03 | 2006-09-12 | Emulex Design & Manufacturing Corporation | Virtual peripheral component interconnect multiple-function device |
CN100344126C (zh) * | 2004-02-25 | 2007-10-17 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种宽带接入的组网设备及方法 |
US20060215689A1 (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2006-09-28 | Alcatel | System-level communication link bonding apparatus and methods |
US8040899B2 (en) * | 2005-05-26 | 2011-10-18 | Genband Us Llc | Methods, systems, and computer program products for implementing automatic protection switching for media packets transmitted over an ethernet switching fabric |
US7940772B2 (en) * | 2005-05-26 | 2011-05-10 | Genband Us Llc | Methods, systems, and computer program products for transporting ATM cells in a device having an ethernet switching fabric |
US11070395B2 (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2021-07-20 | Nokia Of America Corporation | Customer premises LAN expansion |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4304120A1 (de) * | 1992-09-14 | 1993-07-15 | Siemens Ag |
Family Cites Families (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB9408574D0 (en) * | 1994-04-29 | 1994-06-22 | Newbridge Networks Corp | Atm switching system |
US5946313A (en) * | 1997-03-20 | 1999-08-31 | Northern Telecom Limited | Mechanism for multiplexing ATM AAL5 virtual circuits over ethernet |
US6160811A (en) * | 1997-09-12 | 2000-12-12 | Gte Internetworking Incorporated | Data packet router |
US6122274A (en) * | 1997-11-16 | 2000-09-19 | Sanjeev Kumar | ATM switching system with decentralized pipeline control and plural memory modules for very high capacity data switching |
US6493348B1 (en) * | 1997-12-05 | 2002-12-10 | Telcordia Technologies, Inc. | XDSL-based internet access router |
DE19833931C2 (de) * | 1998-07-28 | 2000-06-15 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zum Übermitteln von Datenpaketen an mehrere Empfänger in einem heterogenen Kommunikationsnetz |
US6758398B1 (en) * | 1998-09-11 | 2004-07-06 | L.V. Partners, L.P. | Optical reader with ultraviolet wavelength capability |
US6515963B1 (en) * | 1999-01-27 | 2003-02-04 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Per-flow dynamic buffer management |
US6496477B1 (en) * | 1999-07-09 | 2002-12-17 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Processes, articles, and packets for network path diversity in media over packet applications |
US6404861B1 (en) * | 1999-10-25 | 2002-06-11 | E-Cell Technologies | DSL modem with management capability |
US6996067B1 (en) * | 1999-12-07 | 2006-02-07 | Verizon Services Corp. | Apparatus for and method of providing and measuring data throughput to and from a packet data network |
US6728261B1 (en) * | 2000-02-07 | 2004-04-27 | Axerra Networks, Ltd. | ATM over IP |
FR2806575B1 (fr) * | 2000-03-16 | 2002-05-10 | Sagem | Concentrateur de lignes d'usager pour liaison atm |
JP3485176B2 (ja) * | 2000-08-23 | 2004-01-13 | 日本電気株式会社 | プロトコル終端装置 |
DE10050608B4 (de) * | 2000-10-12 | 2007-02-22 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Anordnung zur Sprachübertragung über ein IP-Netz oder Lokales Netz vom Ethernet-Typ |
US7068654B1 (en) * | 2001-04-18 | 2006-06-27 | 3Com Corporation | System and method for providing masquerading using a multiprotocol label switching |
US6760318B1 (en) * | 2002-01-11 | 2004-07-06 | Airflow Networks | Receiver diversity in a communication system |
EP1481505B1 (de) * | 2002-03-01 | 2005-07-27 | Infineon Technologies AG | Atm-port-modul mit integrierter ethernet vermittlungsstelle |
US20030227913A1 (en) * | 2002-06-05 | 2003-12-11 | Litchfield Communications, Inc. | Adaptive timing recovery of synchronous transport signals |
DE10226637A1 (de) * | 2002-06-14 | 2004-01-15 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren, Kommunikationsanordnung und Kommunikationseinrichtung zum Übermitteln von Informationen |
US7313154B2 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2007-12-25 | Harris Corporation | TDD frame format |
-
2002
- 2002-06-14 DE DE10226637A patent/DE10226637A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2003
- 2003-06-04 EP EP03759830A patent/EP1514448A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-06-04 CN CN03813890.5A patent/CN1663318A/zh active Pending
- 2003-06-04 WO PCT/DE2003/001869 patent/WO2003107598A2/de active Application Filing
- 2003-06-04 US US10/518,097 patent/US20050254487A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2004
- 2004-12-14 US US11/011,581 patent/US20060023736A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4304120A1 (de) * | 1992-09-14 | 1993-07-15 | Siemens Ag |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2003107598A3 (de) | 2004-02-19 |
US20060023736A1 (en) | 2006-02-02 |
US20050254487A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
DE10226637A1 (de) | 2004-01-15 |
CN1663318A (zh) | 2005-08-31 |
WO2003107598A2 (de) | 2003-12-24 |
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