Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
  • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
  • D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
  • D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D01F6/16—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids or unsaturated organic esters, e.g. polyacrylic esters, polyvinyl acetate
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for producing an aqueous phase or water-absorbing polymer fiber, a device for producing these fibers, an absorbent polymer fiber and the use of these absorbent polymer fibers and the device.
• superabsorbents in fiber form represent a spatial form which is advantageous for hygienic applications because of their large surface area.
• Absorbent polymer fibers are particularly advantageous because non-absorbent fibers can be used to produce scrims, knitted fabrics or nonwovens from these fibers, and also have absorbent ones Compared to particulate superabsorbents, polymer fibers generally have better absorption properties for protein-containing aqueous phases, for example blood, or strongly stuck liquids.
• Fibers cannot be easily produced from absorbent polymers.
• absorbent polymers are cross-linked, so that fiber production by means of spinnerets poses considerable problems.
• uncrosslinked polyacrylic acids with plasticizing comonomers are used to produce absorbent fibers via spinnerets.
• Other absorbent polymer fibers are based on a copolymer of maleic anhydride and isobutene.
• the copolymers of maleic acid and isobutene are converted in a non-crosslinked form into a fiber form by means of spinnerets and then crosslinked by heating, the crosslinker being added to the non-crosslinked polymer before it is converted into the fiber form.
• Such a method is for example in the US
• the disadvantage of such a method is, among other things, that fibers with only a low softness are often obtained, which can only be used to a limited extent for use, for example, in cable sheathing due to the low adaptability of a fiber composite formed from the fibers to a given surface profile. Also, if the fibers are used in the form of a fiber matrix fabric, they cannot be used as a component of clothing, since the low softness of the fabrics reduces the flexibility of the clothing and thus the comfort.
• the invention is generally based on the object of overcoming the disadvantages arising from the prior art.
• Another object of the invention is to provide absorbent polymer fibers which are particularly suitable for use in hygiene articles.
• the particular softness of the polymer fibers should also make it possible, according to another object, to use the fibers in the form of a fiber matrix sheet, for example in cable sheaths, the fiber matrix sheet being particularly well able to adapt to a given one due to the special softness of the fibers Can adapt the surface profile and thus fit closely to surfaces with a wide variety of profiles. Because of its softness, the fiber matrix fabric is also particularly suitable for use in clothing. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing absorbent polymer fibers which reduces or overcomes the disadvantages of producing absorbent polymer fibers by means of spinnerets.
• an aqueous phase or water-absorbing polymer fiber from a composition comprising a polymer (AI) and water in one Amount in the range from 10 to 90% by weight, preferably from 20 to 80% by weight and moreover preferably in the range from 30 to 70% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the polymer (AI), at least two different areas of the composition are moved apart by free pulling apart as a result of the action of an external force.
• a composition comprising a polymer (AI) and water in one Amount in the range from 10 to 90% by weight, preferably from 20 to 80% by weight and moreover preferably in the range from 30 to 70% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the polymer (AI)
• Polymers which are less crosslinked than the polymer fiber can be used as the polymer (AI), preferably both crosslinked, preferably weakly crosslinked, and non-crosslinked polymers, preferably non-crosslinked polymers, can be used. These polymers (AI) are preferably based next to
• % water-soluble polymers, and ( ⁇ 5) 0 to 20% by weight are preferred 0.01 to 7% by weight and particularly preferably 0.05 to 5% by weight of one or more auxiliaries, the sum of the amounts by weight ( ⁇ l) to ( ⁇ 5) being 100% by weight.
• the monoethylenically unsaturated monomers ( ⁇ l) containing acid groups can be partially or completely, preferably partially, neutralized.
• the monoethylenically unsaturated monomers containing acid groups are preferably neutralized in the range from 20 to 80 mol%, particularly preferably in the range from 30 to 70 mol% and moreover preferably in the range from 40 to 60 mol%.
• the monomers ( ⁇ l) can be neutralized before or after the polymerization.
• Neutralization can also be carried out using alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, ammonia and carbonates and bicarbonates.
• any other base is conceivable that forms a water-soluble salt with the acid.
• Mixed neutralization with different bases is also conceivable.
• Neutralization with ammonia or with alkali metal hydroxides is preferred, particularly preferably with sodium hydroxide or with ammonia.
• the degree of neutralization can be used to control the number of free acid groups for reaction with further crosslinkers which react with the unneutralized acid groups of the polymer.
• the suction properties of the absorbent polymer fiber can preferably be controlled via the number of free acid groups and the amount of crosslinking agent used.
• the free acid groups can also predominate, so that this absorbent polymer fiber has a pH value in the acidic range.
• This acidic water-absorbing polymer fiber can be at least partially neutralized by a polymer or a polymer fiber or a mixture thereof with free basic groups, preferably amine groups, which is basic in comparison with the acidic polymer. In this neutralization, it is preferred that at least one acidic polymer fiber is combined with a basic particle or basic polymer fiber or vice versa to form a mixture. It is particularly preferred to mix at least one acidic polymer fiber with a basic polymer or a basic polymer fiber, preferably with a basic polymer.
• MBIEA polymers are a composition that includes, on the one hand, basic polymers that are able to exchange anions and, on the other hand, a polymer that is acidic compared to the basic polymer and that is able to exchange cations
• the basic polymer has basic groups and is typically obtained by polymerizing monomers bearing basic groups or groups which can be converted to basic groups, and these monomers are primarily primary, secondary or have tertiary amines or the corresponding phosphines or at least two of the above functional groups, to this group of monomers n include in particular ethylene amine, allylamine, diallylamine, 4-aminobutene, alkyloxycycline, vinylformamide, 5-a
• Preferred monoethylenically unsaturated, acid-group-containing monomers are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, ⁇ -chloroacrylic acid, ⁇ -cyanoacrylic acid, ⁇ -methylacrylic acid (crotonic acid), ⁇ -phenylacrylic acid, ⁇ -acryloxypropionic acid, sorbic acid, ⁇ -chlorosorbic acid, 2'-methylisocroton Acid, cinnamic acid, p-chlorocinnamic acid, ß-stearic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, glutaconic acid, aconitic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tricarboxyethylene and maleic anhydride, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid being particularly preferred and acrylic acid being further preferred.
• the monoethylenically unsaturated monomers ( ⁇ l) containing acid groups are furthermore ethylenically unsuitable. saturated sulfonic acid monomers or ethylenically unsaturated phosphonic acid monomers are preferred.
• Ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid monomers are preferred allylsulfonic acid or aliphatic or aromatic vinylsulfonic acids or acrylic or methacrylic sulfonic acids.
• Preferred aliphatic or aromatic vinylsulfonic acids are vinylsulfonic acid, 4-vinylbenzylsulfonic acid, vinyltoluenesulfonic acid and stryrenesulfonic acid.
• acrylic or methacrylic sulfonic acids are sulfoethyl (meth) acrylate, sulfopropyl (meth) acrylate and, 2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropylsulfonic acid.
• 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is preferred as the (meth) acrylamidoalkylsulfonic acid.
• ethylenically unsaturated phosphonic acid monomers such as vinylphosphonic acid, allylphosphonic acid, vinylbenzylphosphonic acid, (meth) acrylamidoalkylphosphonic acids, acrylamidoalkyldiphosphonic acids, phosphonomethylated vinylamines and (meth) acrylicphosphonic acid derivatives are preferred.
• Preferred ethylenically unsaturated monomers ( ⁇ l) containing a protonated nitrogen are dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylates in protonated form, for example dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate hydrochloride or dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate hydrosulfate, and dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylamides protonated form, for example dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylamide hydrochloride, dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylamide hydrochloride, dimethylamino- ⁇ ropyl (meth) acrylamide hydrosulfate or dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylamide hydrosulfate are preferred.
• Dialkylammoniumalkyl (meth) acrylates in quartemized form for example trimethylammoniumethyl (meth) acrylate methosulfate or di-, are suitable as ethylenically unsaturated monomers ( ⁇ l) containing a quaternized nitrogen.
• methylethylammoniumethyl (meth) acrylate ethosulfate and (meth) acrylamido alkyl dialkylamines in quartemized form for example
• the polymer (AI) is at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 70% by weight and moreover preferably at least 90% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of components ( ⁇ l) to ( ⁇ 5), on monomers containing carboxylate groups. It is particularly preferred according to the invention that the polymer consists of at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 70% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of components ( ⁇ l) to ( ⁇ 5), of acrylic acid, preferably at least 20 Mol%, particularly preferably at least 50 mol%, based on the acid groups contained in the polymer (AI), is neutralized.
• the polymer (AI) used is a polymer which is based on at least 98% by weight, preferably 100% by weight, of polymerized acrylic acid, which is at least 20 mol%, preferably at least 50 Mol% is neutralized.
• Acrylamides and methacrylamides are preferred as monoethylenically unsaturated monomers ( ⁇ 2) copolymerizable with ( ⁇ l).
• (meth) acrylamides are alkyl-substituted (meth) acrylamides or aminoalkyl-substituted derivatives of (meth) acrylamide, such as N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, N, N-
• vinylamides are, for example, N-vinylamides, N-vinylformamides, N-vinylacetamides, N-vinyl-N-methylacetamides, N-vinyl-N- methylformamide, vinyl pyrrolidone.
• Acrylamide is particularly preferred among these monomers.
• preferred monoethylenically unsaturated monomers ( ⁇ 2) which are copolymerizable with ( ⁇ 1) are water-dispersible monomers.
• water-dispersible monomers are acrylic acid esters and methacrylic acid esters, such as methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate,
• the compounds of crosslinking class I crosslink the polymers by radical polymerization of the ethylenically unsaturated groups of the crosslinking molecule with the monoethylenically unsaturated monomers ( ⁇ l) or ( ⁇ 2), while in the case of compounds of crosslinking class II and the polyvalent metal cations of crosslinking class IV crosslinking of the polymers is achieved by the condensation reaction of the functional groups (crosslinking class II) or by electrostatic interaction of the polyvalent metal cation (crosslinking class IV) with the functional groups of the monomers ( ⁇ l) or ( ⁇ 2).
• the polymer is crosslinked both by radical polymerization of the ethylenically unsaturated group and by a condensation reaction between the functional group of the crosslinker and the functional groups of the monomers ( ⁇ 1) or ( ⁇ 2).
• Preferred compounds of crosslinking class I are poly (meth) acrylic acid esters which, for example, by the reaction of a polyol, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, 1, 6-hexanediol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol, an amino alcohol, a polyalkylene polyamine, such as Diethylenetriamine or triethylenetetraamine, or an alkoxylated polyol with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid can be obtained.
• a polyol such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, 1, 6-hexanediol, glycerol, pentaerythritol
• polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol an amino alcohol
• a polyalkylene polyamine such as Diethylenetriamine or triethylenetetraamine
• crosslinking class I are polyvinyl compounds, poly (meth) allyl compounds, (meth) acrylic acid esters of a monovinyl compound or (meth) acrylic acid esters of a mono (meth) allyl compound, preferably that
• Mono (meth) allyl compounds of a polyol or an amino alcohol preferred.
• the disclosures are hereby introduced as a reference and are therefore considered part of the disclosure.
• Examples of compounds of crosslinking class I include alkyne! Di (meth) acrylates, for example ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,3-propylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,4-butylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,1 3-butylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, l, 6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, l, 10-decanediol di (meth) acrylate, l, 12-dodecanediol di (meth) acrylate, l, 18-octadecanediol (meth) acrylate, Cyclopentanediol di (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, methylene di (meth) acrylate or pentaerythritol di (meth) acrylate, alkenyldi (meth)
• (meth) acrylic compounds for example vinyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) allyl (meth) acrylic compounds, for example (meth) allyl (meth) acrylate, with 1 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide per hydroxyl group ethoxylated (meth) allyl ( meth) acrylate, di (meth) allyl esters of polycarboxylic acids, for example di (meth) allyl maleate, di (meth) allyl fumarate, di (meth) allyl succinate or di (meth) allyl terephthalate, compounds with 3 or more ethylenically unsaturated, free-radically polymerizable groups such as, for example, glycerol tri (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylate ester of glycerol oxyethylated with preferably 1 to 30 mol ethylene oxide per hydroxyl group, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, tri (me
• These functional groups of the compounds of crosslinker class II are preferably alcohol, amine, aldehyde, glycidyl, isocyanate, carbonate or epichloride functions.
• Examples of compounds of crosslinking class II include polyols, for example ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycols such as dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol or tetrapropylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, glycerin, polyglycerin, trimethylolpropane, polyoxypropylene, oxyethylene-oxypropylene block copolymers, sorbitan fatty acid esters,
• Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters pentaerythritol, polyvinyl alcohol and sorbitol, amino alcohols, for example ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine or propanolamine, polyamine compounds, for example ethylene diamine, diethylene triaamine, triethylene tetraamine, tetraethylene pentaamine or pentaethylene hexaamine, polyglycidyl ether compounds
• Glycerol diglycidyl ether Glycerol diglycidyl ether, glycerol polyglycidyl ether, pentareritrite polyglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether Polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether,
• Oxazolidinones such as 2-oxazolidinone, bis- and poly-2-oxazolidinones and diglycol silicates are preferred.
• Preferred compounds of class III are hydroxyl- or amino group-containing esters of (meth) acrylic acid, such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, and hydroxyl- or amino group-containing (meth) acrylamides, or mono (meth) allyl compounds of diols.
• polyvalent metal cations of crosslinking class IV are preferably derived from mono- or polyvalent cations, the monovalent in particular from
• Alkali metals such as potassium, sodium, lithium, with lithium being preferred.
• Preferred divalent cations are derived from zinc, beryllium, Alkaline earth metals such as magnesium, calcium, strontium, with magnesium being preferred.
• Other higher-value cations which can be used according to the invention are cations of aluminum, iron, chromium, manganese, titanium, zirconium and other transition metals, and also double salts of such cations or mixtures of the salts mentioned.
• Aluminum salts and alums and their different hydrates such as, for. B.
• Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 and its hydrates are particularly preferably used as crosslinking agents of crosslinking class IV.
• crosslinked or weakly crosslinked polymers are polymers which are preferably weakly crosslinked by crosslinking agents of the following crosslinking classes or by crosslinking agents of the following combinations of crosslinking classes: I, II, III, IV, I II, I III, I IV, I II III, I II IV, I III IV, II III IV, II IV or III IV.
• the above combinations of crosslinking classes each represent a preferred embodiment of crosslinking agents of a crosslinked or weakly crosslinked polymer (AI).
• the concentration of at least one crosslinker of crosslinking class II outweighs the concentration of at least one crosslinking agent of another crosslinking class mentioned above.
• the concentration of at least one crosslinker of crosslinking class III outweighs the concentration of at least one crosslinking agent of another crosslinking class mentioned above.
• the concentration of a mixture of at least one crosslinker of crosslinking class II and at least one crosslinking agent of crosslinking class III outweighs the concentration of at least one crosslinking agent of another crosslinking class mentioned above.
• crosslinked or weakly crosslinked polymers (AI) used in the process according to the invention are polymers which are crosslinked, preferably weakly crosslinked, by any of the crosslinkers of crosslinker classes I mentioned above. Among them, water-soluble crosslinkers are preferred.
• Tetraallylammonium chloride and allylnonaethylene glycol acrylate prepared with 9 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of acrylic acid are particularly preferred.
• Water-soluble polymers such as partially or fully hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, starch or starch derivatives, polyglycols or polyacrylic acid may preferably be copolymerized as water-soluble polymers ( ⁇ 4) in the polymers (AI).
• the molecular weight of these polymers is not critical as long as they are water soluble.
• Preferred water-soluble polymers are starch or starch derivatives or polyvinyl alcohol.
• the water-soluble polymers preferably synthetic ones such as polyvinyl alcohol, can also serve as a graft base for the monomers to be polymerized.
• Serving agents ( ⁇ 5) are preferably adjusting agents, vegetable binders, surface-active agents or antioxidants.
• the polymer (Al) can be prepared from the aforementioned monomers and crosslinkers by various polymerization methods.
• bulk polymerization which is preferably in kneading reactors such as extreme or by belt polymerization, solution polymerization, spray polymerization, inverse emulsion polymerization and inverse suspension polymerization.
• the solution polymerization is preferably carried out in water as the solvent.
• the solution polymerization can be carried out continuously or batchwise.
• reaction conditions such as temperatures, type and amount of the initiators and also of the reaction solution can be found in the prior art.
• Polymerization initiators can be dissolved or dispersed in a solution of monomers according to the invention. All radical-decomposing compounds known to those skilled in the art are suitable as initiators. This includes in particular peroxides, hydroperoxides, hydrogen peroxide, persulfates, azo compounds and the so-called redox catalysts. The use of water-soluble catalysts is preferred. In some cases it is advantageous to use mixtures of different polymerization initiators. Among these mixtures, those of hydrogen peroxide and sodium or potassium peroxodisulfate are preferred, which can be used in any conceivable quantitative ratio.
• Suitable organic peroxides are preferably acetylacetone peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, t-amyl pentivate, t-butyl perviate, t-butyl pemeohexonate, t-butyl isobutyrate, t-butyl per-2-ethylhexenoate, t-butyl perzonate, butyl butyl perisononate , t-butyl 3,5,5-tri-methylhexanoate and amyl pemeodecanoate.
• azo compounds such as 2,2'-azobis- (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, azo-bis-amidinopropane dihydrochloride, 2,2'-azobis- (N, N-dimethylene) isobutyramidine- dihydrochloride, 2- (carbamoylazo) isobutyronitrile and 4,4'-azobis- (4-cyanovaleric acid).
• the compounds mentioned are used in customary amounts, preferably in a range from 0.01 to 5, preferably from 0.1 to 2 mol%, in each case based on the amount of the monomers to be polymerized.
• the redox catalysts contain as oxidic component at least one of the above-mentioned per compounds and as reducing component preferably ascorbic acid, glucose, sorbose, manose, ammonium or alkali metal hydrogen sulfite, sulfate, thiosulfate, hyposulfite or sulfide, metal salts such as iron-II -ions or silver ions or
• Sodium hydroxymethylsulfoxylate Ascorbic acid or sodium pyrosulfite is preferably used as the reducing component of the redox catalyst. Based on the amount of monomers used in the polymerization, 1 * 10 "5 to 1 mol% of the reducing component of the redox catalyst and 1 * 10 '5 to 5 mol% of the oxidizing component of the redox catalyst is used. Instead of the oxidizing component of the redox catalyst , or in addition to this, one or more, preferably water-soluble, azo compounds can be used.
• a redox system consisting of hydrogen peroxide, sodium peroxodisulfate and ascorbic acid is preferably used according to the invention.
• azo compounds according to the invention are preferred as initiators, with azo-bis-amidinopropane dihydrochloride being particularly preferred.
• the polymerization is initiated with the initiators in a temperature range from 30 to 90 ° C.
• the polymer solutions are optionally concentrated or else diluted with water in order to obtain a water content of the composition in the quantitative range mentioned at the outset.
• those used in the method according to the invention are those used in the method according to the invention.
• Polymers (AI) at least one, preferably all of the following properties: a. a polydispersity D determined by the GPC method A.AN-LC.004 of a maximum of 8, preferably a maximum of 6 and particularly preferably a maximum of 4 and moreover preferably a maximum of 3, b. a viscosity according to Brookfield (DIN 53019) in an aqueous solution containing 30% by weight of polymer at 23 ° C. in a range from 100 to 500,000 mPa s, preferably from 1,000 to 100,000 mPa s, and particularly preferably from 10,000 to 70,000 mPa s, c.
• Polymers (AI) which are characterized by the following properties or combinations of properties are preferably used in the process according to the invention: a, b, c, d, ab, ac, ad, bc, bd, cd, abc, abd, acd, bcd, bce, abcd.
• the composition containing the polymers (AI) used in the process according to the invention preferably has a Brookfield viscosity (DIN 53019) at 23 ° C. in a range from 100 to 500,000 mPa xs, preferably from 1,000 to 100,000 mPa xs, and particularly preferably from 10,000 to 70,000 mPa xs and at 60 ° C in a range from 100 to 100,000 mPa xs, preferably from 500 to 50,000 mPa xs, and particularly preferably from 1,000 to 10,000 mPa xs.
• a Brookfield viscosity DIN 53019
• the composition has a residual monomer content, determined according to the GPC method A.AN-LC.004, in a range from 10 to 10,000 ppm acrylic acid, preferably from 500 to 5,000 ppm acrylic acid and particularly preferably from 1,000 to 2,500 ppm acrylic acid ,
• non-crosslinked polymers are used as polymers (AI).
• crosslinked, preferably weakly crosslinked, polymers are used as the polymers (Al).
• the extent of crosslinking is preferably limited by the fact that the polymers (AI) can still be shaped into a polymer fiber in the process according to the invention.
• the polymer (AI) is post-crosslinked. This post-crosslinking of the polymer is preferably carried out during the pulling apart of the polymer (AI) or after it has been pulled apart to form a polymer fiber. Crosslinking during or after the pulling apart is made possible by the fact that polymer (Al) already contains crosslinking agents of crosslinking classes II and IV, but at least 50% by weight and particularly preferably at least 80% by weight, based on the total weight of these Crosslinker has not yet reacted with the other constituents of the polymer (AI) and thus has not yet crosslinked the polymer and that during or after the pulling apart the conditions are changed such that the crosslinker contained in the polymer (AI) crosslinks the polymer.
• Particularly preferred postcrosslinkers are diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerin, polyglycerol, propylene glycol, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, polyoxypropylene, oxyethylene-oxypropylene block copolymers, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, trimethylol propylene, 3-methylene alcohol propylene, pentethylol alcohol propylene, pentethylol alcohol propylene, pentethyl alcohol propylene glycol, pentethyl alcohol propylene glycol, pentethyl alcohol propylene glycol, pentethyl alcohol propylene glycol, 3-ethyl alcohol propylene glycol, 3-ethyl alcohol propylene glycol, 3-methyl alcohol propylene glycol, 3-ethyl alcohol propylene glycol, 3-ethyl alcohol propylene glycol, 3-ethyl alcohol propylene glycol
• the polymers (AI) the crosslinkers of crosslinking classes II or IV or a mixture thereof, preferably the postcrosslinkers mentioned in the preceding section, in an amount in a range from 0.001 to 20% by weight, particularly preferably in a range from 0.01 to 15% by weight and moreover preferably in a range from 0.1 to 10% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the polymer (AI).
• the absorbent polymer fiber according to the invention it is preferred that it is crosslinked with crosslinkers of crosslinking classes II or IV or a mixture thereof, preferably the postcrosslinking agents mentioned in the preceding section, in an amount in a range from 0.001 to 20% by weight, particularly preferably in a range from 0.01 to 15% by weight and moreover preferably in a range from 0.1 to 10% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the absorbent polymer fiber without these crosslinking agents, by bringing them into contact again absorbent polymer fiber is converted into a post-crosslinked absorbent polymer fiber.
• crosslinkers of crosslinking classes II or IV or a mixture thereof preferably the postcrosslinking agents mentioned in the preceding section
• Such polymers (AI), which contain a crosslinker of crosslinker classes II or IV, but which have not yet been crosslinked by this crosslinker, are preferably prepared by adding the crosslinkers to the polymers (AI.) Under conditions under which crosslinking has not yet taken place ) containing water can be incorporated in the amount mentioned above.
• the incorporation is preferably carried out by kneading the polymer solution in the presence of the postcrosslinker, preferably in an extruder, or by stirring the postcrosslinker into the polymer solution.
• the postcrosslinker can also be used in a liquid phase, preferably in water, in dissolved or dispersed form.
• the post-crosslinking is produced by irradiation.
• the crosslinking by radiation is preferably carried out after the shaping of the elongated structure has started, preferably after the polymer fiber has been in its desired length. All methods known to the person skilled in the art and suitable for crosslinking the polymer fiber are suitable as forms of radiation. This preferably includes heat radiation, radiation with visible light, radiation with ultraviolet light, radiation with X-rays, radiation with radioactive radiation and ⁇ -, ⁇ -radiation, IR radiation and radiation with sound, with thermal treatment being particularly preferred.
• the thermal treatment is preferably carried out in a temperature range from 40 to 250 ° C., preferably from 80 to 220 ° C. and particularly preferably from 100 to 210 ° C.
• the polymer fiber post-crosslinked by the above-described manner is additionally post-treated in the region of the surface of the polymer fiber.
• Post-crosslinking in the area of the surface as well as contacting the surface with a coating agent and the like are after-treatment subsequent exposure to energy or a combination of the two is preferred.
• the additional cross-linking of the surface leads to the formation of a core-shell structure.
• This post-crosslinking in the surface area can, like the post-crosslinking of the polymers (AI) described above, take place thermally, photochemically or chemically.
• postcrosslinkers for chemical postcrosslinking preference is given to the compounds which have been mentioned as postcrosslinkers for crosslinking the polymers (AI).
• Ethylene carbonate is particularly preferred as postcrosslinker for the postcrosslinking of the surface area of the polymer fibers.
• the postcrosslinking is preferably carried out by bringing the surface of the polymer fiber into contact with the postcrosslinking agent, preferably with a liquid phase containing the postcrosslinking agent, and then heating the polymer fiber to a temperature in a range from 30 to 300.degree.
• the absorbent polymer fiber according to the invention it is preferred that it is crosslinked with crosslinkers of crosslinking classes II or IV or a mixture thereof, preferably the postcrosslinking agents mentioned in the preceding section, in an amount in a range from 0.001 to 20% by weight, particularly preferably in a range from 0.01 to 15% by weight and moreover preferably in a range from 0.1 to 10% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the absorbent polymer fiber without these crosslinking agents, by bringing them into contact again absorbent polymer fiber is converted to a cross-linked absorbent polymer fiber.
• crosslinkers of crosslinking classes II or IV or a mixture thereof preferably the postcrosslinking agents mentioned in the preceding section
• Polymer fiber preferably the post-crosslinked in the surface area
• the coating agent preferably has one organic and one inorganic component and is preferably present as coating agent particles, it being preferred for the particles to be smaller in diameter than the absorbent polymer fiber according to the invention.
• the inorganic constituent is based on a silicon compound, all silicon oxygen compounds known to the person skilled in the art, for example silicas and kaolins, being preferred, of which silicas are particularly preferred.
• the absorbent polymer fiber comes into contact with the inorganic coating agent in a range from 0.001 to 40, preferably from 0.01 to 20 and particularly preferably from 0.05 to 5% by weight, based on the absorbent polymer fiber brought.
• a free pulling apart of at least two different regions of the polymer (AI) means a pulling apart which is particularly preferably not in a housing which is not form-fitting with the resulting elongate structure, in particular the fiber according to the invention in a spinneret forming the fiber.
• the external force which acts on the at least two different areas of the polymer (Al) is selected such that this force forms the polymer in an elongated structure.
• the force is selected such that, on the one hand, an elongated structure is formed from the polymer and, on the other hand, the elongated structure is not formed so quickly that the elongated structure is divided into two parts.
• the speed at which the at least two different regions of the polymer (Al) are moved apart can influence the process according to the invention on the formation of the elongated structure. Consequently, the speed should also be chosen so that when the elongate structure is formed it is not divided into two parts.
• both the external force and the speed should be chosen so that an elongated structure is formed from the polymer (Al), which is increasingly drawn out into a fiber.
• the viscosity of the polymer can also influence the shaping of the elongated structure. It is therefore preferred in the method according to the invention that the external force is at least 0.1 N, preferably at least 0.5 N and particularly at least 1 N.
• the at least two regions are pulled apart at a speed of at least 1 cm / sec, preferably at least 10 cm / sec and particularly preferably at least 100 to a maximum of 10,000 cm / sec.
• the method according to the invention can be carried out by means of any device known to the person skilled in the art which is capable of freely pulling apart at least two different regions of a polymer (AI) as a result of the action of an external force, the free pulling apart preferably being defined in this way as described in connection with the method according to the invention.
• AI polymer
• the method according to the invention is preferably provided by means of a device
• ß4 a fiber formation area, wherein the movable surfaces move away from the polymer feed and are arranged at a distance from the polymer feed increasing, forming the fiber formation area, and the fiber receiving device is at least partially arranged in or outside the fiber formation area.
• This device is also the subject of the present invention.
• the polymer task is designed and set up in such a way that it can continuously produce endless polymer portions or discontinuously single polymer portions from the polymer (AI) applied, in which at least two areas are then pulled apart by the action of an external force.
• the polymer feed has a conveying device, for example a screw conveyor, and a portioning device such as a nozzle or perforated plate, optionally with a separating device for producing the individual polymer portions.
• the polymer feed creates polymer portions of a certain size. The size of the polymer dimensions depends on the distance with which the areas of the movable surfaces are arranged in the area of the polymer task.
• the size of the polymer portions and the distance between the movable surfaces is selected such that the distance between the movable surfaces is equal to or less than the diameter of the portion. This has the advantage that the portion, when it hits the at least two movable surfaces, can adhere to these surfaces in at least two areas of the portion.
• the at least two movable surfaces are designed and set up in such a way that, on the one hand, the polymer applied to the surfaces by the polymer application initially adheres to the surfaces and the absorbent polymer fiber which forms as the surfaces move further can be separated essentially without destroying this fiber.
• smooth surfaces are preferred, for example made of metal or plastic.
• Surfaces coated with a hydrophobic polymer, preferably silicone, are particularly preferred.
• silicone paper is used as surfaces, as is available, for example, from B. Laufenberg GmbH, Krefeld under the name “Transfe ⁇ apier NSA 1350 (56 B3)” in the dimensions 40 cm ⁇ 250 m.
• the movable surfaces are belts, which are preferably designed as roller belts.
• each of these conveyor belts has start and end rollers at the ends.
• the initial rolls located in the vicinity of the polymer feed are preferably arranged essentially parallel to one another, so that a gap is formed which is able to take up the polymer discharge output from the polymer feed.
• the end rollers of the conveyor belts are also preferably arranged essentially parallel to one another, the distance which forms between the end rollers being greater than the gap which forms between the two initial rollers in the region of the feed device.
• the two areas of the conveyor belts, the gap in the area of the polymer feed and the distance between the end rolls form the fiber formation area.
• the device according to the invention has an irradiation device for initiating the crosslinking reaction in the formation of the absorbent polymer fiber.
• the irradiation device is preferably arranged in such a way that the crosslinking reaction can be initiated when the absorbent polymer fiber is formed in the fiber formation region or after, preferably after.
• the device has a fiber removal device in the form of a movable removal surface, which is designed and set up in such a way that the absorbent polymer fibers formed in the fiber formation area can be received in such a way that they are separated from the movable surfaces.
• a fiber removal device in the form of a movable removal surface, which is designed and set up in such a way that the absorbent polymer fibers formed in the fiber formation area can be received in such a way that they are separated from the movable surfaces.
• the movable removal surface executes a movement which initially engages in a part of the fiber formation area and then, after the absorption of the absorbent polymer fibers, leads out of the fiber formation area.
• an edge-receiving device is preferably arranged adjacent to the take-off surface, which is designed and set up in such a way that it can remove the absorbent polymer fibers located on the take-off surface from it and, if necessary, collect them.
• the fiber removal device has a suction device which is designed and set up in such a way that the absorbent polymer fibers which form in the fiber formation region are separated and received from the movable surfaces essentially without destruction.
• the suction device generates a suitable vacuum.
• the invention further relates to an absorbent polymer fiber which can be obtained by one of the processes described above.
• the absorbent polymer fiber obtainable by one of the methods described above has at least one, preferably each, of the following properties: ( ⁇ l) a water-soluble fraction (LA) after 16 hours of less than 30% by weight, preferably less than 25% by weight and particularly preferably less than 20% by weight, based on the absorbent polymer fiber, according to ERT 470.1-99, ( ⁇ 2) a water-soluble fraction (LA) after 1 hour of less than 30% by weight, preferably less than 24% by weight and particularly preferably less than 18.2% by weight, based on the absorbent polymer fiber, according to ERT 470.1-99, ( ⁇ 3) a centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) of at least 5 g / g, preferably at least 15 g / g and particularly preferably at least 18 g / g according to ERT 441.1-99, ( ⁇ 4) an absorption against pressure (AAP) at a load of 0.3 psi of at least 10 g / g, preferably at least 12 g /
• AAP ab
• each of these properties represents a property or combination of properties of an embodiment of the absorbent polymer fiber according to the invention.
• further embodiments of the absorbent polymer fiber according to the invention have property combinations which are characterized by the following numerical sequences: ⁇ l, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4, ⁇ l ⁇ 4, ⁇ l ⁇ 2, ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3, ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4, ⁇ l ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4, ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4, ⁇ l ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3, ⁇ l ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4, ⁇ l ⁇ 5, ⁇ 2 ⁇ 5, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 3 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 5, ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 5, ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 5, ⁇ l ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 5, ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 5, ⁇ l ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 5, ⁇ l ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4, ⁇ 5, ⁇ l ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 5, ⁇ l ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4,
• the polymer fiber obtainable by the method according to the invention has one according to that described herein Test method determined degree of softness of at least 3, preferably from 4. It is further preferred that the absorbent polymer fibers obtainable by the method according to the invention have a length in a range from 1 mm to 10 m, particularly preferably in a range from 5 mm to 1 m and moreover preferably in a range from 10 mm to 10 cm and more preferably in a range from 20 mm to 100 mm, the average diameter of the polymer fibers preferably in a range from 0.1 to 10,000 ⁇ m, particularly preferably in a range from 1 to 1,000 ⁇ m and even more preferably is in a range from 5 to 500 ⁇ m.
• the values of features according to the invention given only with a lower limit have an upper limit that is 20 times, preferably 10 times and particularly preferably 5 times of the most preferred value of the lower limit.
• the present invention also relates to a fiber matrix sheet comprising at least two, preferably at least 10, more preferably at least 1,000, or at least about 10,000 and, moreover, even more preferably at least 1,000,000 of the available by the inventive method 'absorbent polymer fibers.
• the fiber matrix sheet-like structure according to the invention can preferably be a scrim, a mesh, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a wrap or a nonwoven.
• the fiber matrix sheet-like structures according to the invention are produced according to the production processes known for the person skilled in the art for such structures.
• the fiber matrix fabrics are preferably produced by the spunbond process, spunlace process, airlaid process or wetlaid process. Method.
• the basis weight of the fiber matrix sheets according to the invention is preferably in a range from 1 to 1,000 g / m 2 , particularly preferably in a range from 5 to 500 g / m 2 , moreover preferably in a range from 10 to 250 g / m 2 and above even more preferably in a range from 20 to 100 g / m 2 , the thickness of the fiber matrix sheet preferably in a range from 100 ⁇ m to 10 cm, particularly preferably in a range from 500 ⁇ m to 5 cm and moreover preferably in one Range is 1 mm to 10 mm.
• the fiber matrix sheet is one according to the test method "TAPPI 4998 CM-85" using a Thwing Albert Handle-O-Meter, model 211-5 with a gap width of 0.64 cm, a size of the fiber matrix Fabric of 20 cm x 20 cm and a basis weight of 70 g / m 2 determined overall grip of at most 1,000 g, particularly preferably from at most 100 g, more preferably from at most 75 g, moreover even more preferably from at most 50 g and most preferably of at most 25 g.
• thermoplastic polymers which, for example, allow the fibers to be fixed within the fiber matrix sheet.
• thermoplastic polymers include, in particular, polyethylene and polypropylene, these polymers preferably being used in an amount in a range from 0.1 to 50% by weight, particularly preferably in a range from 0.1 to 20% by weight and beyond in an amount in a range of 1 to 10 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the fiber matrix sheet, in Fiber matrix fabrics can be included.
• the invention relates to a composite comprising a previously defined absorbent polymer fiber or a previously defined fiber matrix sheet and a substrate. It is preferred that the absorbent polymer fiber according to the invention or the fiber matrix sheet-like structure according to the invention and the substrate are firmly connected to one another. Films made of polymers, such as polyethylene, polypropylene or polyamide, metals, nonwovens, fluff, tissues, fabrics, natural or synthetic fibers, or other foams, are preferred as substrates.
• sealing materials, cables, absorbent cores, and diapers and hygiene articles containing them are preferred as the composite.
• the sealing materials are preferably water-absorbent films, in which the absorbent polymer fiber or the fiber matrix sheet is incorporated in a polymer matrix or fiber matrix as a substrate. This is preferably done by mixing the absorbent polymer fiber or the fiber matrix sheet with a polymer (Pm) forming the polymer or fiber matrix and then connecting it, if necessary by thermal treatment. Games can also be obtained from the absorbent polymer fiber, which are spun with other fibers made of a different material as the substrate and then connected to one another for example by weaving or knitting or directly, ie without being spun with other fibers. Typical procedures for this are in H. Savano et al., International Wire & Cabel Symposium Proceedings 40, 333 to 338 (1991); M.
• the absorbent polymer fiber can be used in the form of swellable, tension-resistant yarns.
• the substrate forms all components of the cable that do not contain any absorbent polymer fiber.
• the absorbent polymer fiber or the fiber matrix sheet is incorporated into a substrate.
• the preferred substrate is primarily cellulose, preferably fiber-shaped materials.
• the absorbent polymer fiber is incorporated in an amount in the range from 10 to 90, preferably from 20 to 80 and particularly preferably from 40 to 70% by weight, based on the core.
• the core can be produced, for example, by a so-called airlaid process or by a so-called wetlaid process, a core produced by the airlaid process being preferred.
• the absorbent polymer fibers according to the invention are processed together with further substrate fibers and a liquid to form a nonwoven.
• the fibers made of absorbent polymer structure and the substrate fibers are processed into a fleece in the dry state. Further details on airlaid processes are described in US Pat. No. 5,916,670 and US Pat. No. 5,866,242 and on wetlaid processes in US Pat. No. 5,300,192, the disclosure of which is hereby introduced as a reference and is considered part of the disclosure.
• the components of the diaper that are different from the absorbent polymer fiber or from the fiber matrix sheet according to the invention represent the substrate of the composite.
• the diaper contains a previously described core ,
• the constituent parts of the diaper, which are different from the core constitute the substrate of the composite.
• a composite used as a diaper comprises a water-permeable lower layer, a water-permeable, preferably hydrophobic, upper layer and a layer containing the absorbent polymer fiber, which is between the lower layer and the upper layer is arranged.
• This layer containing the absorbent polymer fiber or the fiber matrix sheet according to the invention is preferably a previously described core.
• the lower layer can have all the materials known to the person skilled in the art, with polyethylene or polypropylene being preferred.
• the top layer can likewise contain all suitable materials known to the person skilled in the art, with preference being given to polyesters, polyolefins, viscose and the like which give such a porous layer which ensure adequate liquid permeability of the top layer.
• the invention relates to a method for producing a composite, wherein an absorbent polymer fiber according to the invention or a fiber matrix sheet-like structure according to the invention and a substrate and, if appropriate, a suitable auxiliary are brought into contact with one another. That in contact Bringing is preferably carried out by wetlaid and airlaid processes, compacting, extmding and mixing.
• the invention relates to a composite that can be obtained by the above method.
• the invention further relates to foams, molded articles, fibers, foils, films, cables, sealing materials, liquid-absorbing hygiene articles, carriers for plant and fungal growth regulating agents, additives for building materials, packaging materials and soil additives, the absorbent polymer fiber according to the invention, the fiber matrix sheet or the above described composite include.
• the present invention relates to a hygiene article, preferably a diaper or a sanitary napkin, comprising the fiber matrix fabric described above, the fiber matrix fabric in the hygiene article in an amount in a range from 10 to 99% by weight, particularly preferably in one Range from 60 to 98 wt .-% and more preferably in an amount in a range from 70 to 95 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the hygiene article.
• the invention relates to the use of the absorbent polymer fiber according to the invention, the fiber matrix sheet or the composite described above in foams, moldings, fibers, foils, films, cables, sealing materials, liquid-absorbing hygiene articles, carriers for plant and fungus growth regulating agents, additives for building materials .
• FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional sketch of a device according to the invention which is preferred for producing absorbent polymer fibers.
• FIG. 2 shows a further cross-sectional sketch of another embodiment of the device according to the invention for producing absorbent polymer fibers.
• the polymer feed 1 is arranged in front of a gap 16 formed by the two surfaces of the belts 6 and 7 in the region of the initial rollers 13 and 14 of these belts.
• the polymer task 1 releases a polyme ⁇ ortion 17, which passes into the gap 16.
• the movable surfaces 2 and 3 are formed by roller belts with belts 6 and 7, the belts 6 and 7 via initial rollers
• the initial rollers 12 and 12 are preferably
• these rollers can have recesses which are preferably elongated in order to form polymer dimensions which can be drawn into fibers made of absorbent polymer.
• the distance between the end rollers 14 and 15 is greater than the distance between the start rollers 12 and 13.
• an irradiation device (not shown) be arranged, which is for example a heater.
• the fiber removal device 4 is arranged adjacent to the end rollers 14 and 15.
• the fiber removal device 4 has a receiving surface 8, which is preferably located on a rotating drum 18.
• the drum 18 is preferably dumbbell-shaped with different circular diameters, the region of the dumbbell with the smaller circular diameter being somewhat smaller than the width of the surface along the axis of the end rollers 14 and 15 around the absorbent polymer fibers received by the fiber take-up device 4 via the removal surface 8 19 condense.
• the fiber removal device 4 has a receiving device 11 having an edge 10, the edge 10 of the removal surface 8 being approximated to such an extent that a coating of absorbent polymer fibers 19 which forms on the removal surface 8 is lifted off by the edge 10. These absorbent polymer fibers 19 are then fed to further processing, for example further spinning to produce a yarn from absorbent polymer fibers.
• FIG. 2 corresponds to FIG. 1 with the difference that a suction device 9 is arranged here as a fiber removal device adjacent to the end rollers 14 and 15, by means of which the absorbent polymer fibers 19 are separated from the movable surfaces 2 and 3 of the belts 6 and 7.
• the suction device 9 is preferably funnel-shaped, so that the removed absorbent polymer fibers 19 can be compressed.
• the absorbent polymer fibers 19 obtained in this way can, after the suction device 9, be subjected to further processing, for example the manufacture of a fleece by means of an airlaid system.
• the degree of softness of an absorbent polymer fiber is determined by the fact that ten different test persons determine the grip of a polymer fiber by means of finger pressure, the softness of the absorbent polymer fiber being divided into the following four degrees of softness:
• Softness level 4 feather-like handle that was very soft, flexible and smooth
• Degree of softness 3 a soft, flexible and smooth handle.
• Degree of softness 2 the handle is rough and hard with a certain impairment in softness, flexibility and suppleness
• Softness level 1 the handle is rough and hard with poor softness
• polymers (AI) or compositions obtained in Examples 1 and 2 are characterized by the following properties:
• Crosslinking agent was added to an aqueous solution of the previously prepared polyacrylic acid by heating the aqueous solution to a maximum of 30 ° C. with vigorous stirring.
• the liquid crosslinkers were added as such, and crystalline pentaerythritol was added as a six percent aqueous solution.
• the crosslinker or the aqueous crosslinker solution was colored with methylene blue.
• the aqueous solution which contains crosslinking agents and polyacrylic acid, was discharged onto the flat back of a petri dish.
• Another Petri dish was also pressed with its back onto the polymer, so that the polymer formed a film between the two Petri dishes.
• the two Petri dishes were slowly pulled apart until threads of about 40 cm in length were formed.
• the threads formed in this way were from a drum rotating at about 80 revolutions per minute with a diameter of 19 cm and a length of 20 cm, the surface of which was covered with paper coated with silicone (B. Laufenberg, Krefeld, "Transfer paper NSA 1350 ( 56 B3) u in dimensions 40 cm 250 m) was added. The threads were caught until they tore off the surface of the petri dishes.
• the silicone-coated paper was removed from the drum and dried in a forced-air drying cabinet.
• the dried threads were separated from the roll-shaped, silicone-coated paper by cutting the fibers in the longitudinal direction and detached from the silicone-coated surface.
• a fleece formed from many individual fibers with a textile handle and excellent Preserve source properties.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
• Artificial Filaments (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
• Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
• Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
• Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
• Woven Fabrics (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

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• 2002
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  • 2003-11-28 WO PCT/EP2003/013396 patent/WO2004048648A1/de active Application Filing
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