EP1559844B1 - Insulating element and composite thermal compound system - Google Patents

Abstract

The thermal insulation panel (1), of mineral fibers (2) and a bonding agent and especially mineral and/or glass wool, has projecting ribs (10) on at least one main axis direction at the large surfaces (3,4), on the contact zones (5,6) between the insulation and the outer surfaces. The ribs are at equal intervals, with a semi-circular cross section. The core zone (9) is composed of compressed loops (11) of a primary nonwoven felt, with their deflections bonded together in at least one contact zone. The bonding agent is a mixture of phenol, formaldehyde and urea resins.

Description

The invention relates to an insulating element made of bonded with a binder mineral fibers, in particular mineral wool and / or glass wool, with two large surfaces which are arranged at a distance and parallel to each other and with four side surfaces which are aligned at right angles to each other and to the large surfaces, wherein the mineral fibers are oriented in the region of at least one contact zone immediately adjacent to a large surface, substantially parallel to the large surface, and wherein between the large surfaces adjacent to the contact zone a core region is disposed in the mineral fiber substantially at right angles and / or are arranged running obliquely to the large surfaces. Furthermore, the invention relates to a thermal insulation composite system with at least one such insulating element.

Insulating materials made of vitreous solidified mineral fibers are classified according to the chemical composition commercially available in glass wool and rock wool insulation materials. Both varieties differ in the chemical composition of the mineral fibers. The glass wool fibers are made from silicate melts that contain large amounts of alkalis and boron oxides that act as fluxes. These melts have a wide processing range and can be removed by means of rotating bowls whose walls have holes, to relatively smooth and long mineral fibers, which are usually at least partially bonded with mixtures of thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde and urea resins. The proportion of these binders in the glass wool insulating materials is for example about 5 to about 10% by mass and is also limited by the fact that the character of a non-combustible insulating material is to be preserved. The bond can also be made with thermoplastic binders such as polyacrylates. The pulp is added to other substances such as oils in amounts below about 0.4% by mass for hydrophobing and dust binding. The impregnated with binders and other additives mineral fibers are collected as a fiber web on a slow-speed conveyor. In most cases, the mineral fibers of several fiberizing devices are deposited one after the other on this conveyor. The mineral fibers are oriented largely directionless in one plane. But they store very flat on top of each other. By slight vertical pressure, the fiber web is compressed to the desired thickness and the conveying speed of the conveyor simultaneously to the required density and the binder cured in a curing oven by means of hot air, so that the structure of the fiber web is fixed.

In the production of rock wool insulation impregnated Mineralfasem are collected as thin as possible and lightweight mineral fiber fleece, a so-called primary fleece and carried away at high speed from the field of Zerfaserungsvorrichtung to keep required coolant low, which otherwise in the course of further manufacturing process with additional energy out of the fiber web too would be removed. From the primary nonwoven an endless fiber web is built, which has a uniform distribution of mineral fibers.

The primary nonwoven consists of relatively coarse fiber flakes, in the core areas of which higher binder concentrations are present, while in the peripheral areas weaker or non-bonded mineral fibers predominate. The mineral fibers are aligned in the fiber flakes approximately in the transport direction. Rock wool insulation materials have contents of binders of about 2 to about 4.5% by mass. With this small amount of binders, only part of the mineral fibers are in contact with the binders. The binders used are predominantly mixtures of phenol, formaldehyde and urea resins. Some of the resins are already substituted by polysaccharides. Inorganic binders are used as for the glass wool insulating materials only for special applications of insulating materials, as these are much more brittle than the largely elastic to plastic plastic reacting organic binder, which accommodates the desired character of insulating materials made of mineral fibers as elastic-springy building materials. The additives used are mostly high-boiling mineral oils in proportions of 0.2% by mass, in exceptional cases also about 0.4% by mass.

Usually, the primary nonwovens are deposited by means of a pendulum-suspended conveyor transversely across another conveyor, which allows the production of an endless fibrous web consisting of a plurality of obliquely superimposed individual layers. By a horizontally directed in the conveying direction and a simultaneous vertical compression, the fiber web can be unfolded more or less intense. The axes of the main folds are aligned horizontally and thus run transversely to the conveying direction.

The forces acting on the fiber web cause binder-rich core zones to be compacted and unfolded into narrow lamellae, resulting in main folds with folds in flanks. At the same time, the less bound or binder-free mineral fibers in the interstices of the folds and between the lamellae are slightly rolled and slightly compressed. The fine structure thus consists of relatively stiff slats, which have a certain flexibility due to their numerous folds, but are relatively stiff parallel to the folding axes and form spaces which are easily compressible. As a result of the build-ups and dislocations, the compressive strength and the transverse tensile strength of the fibrous web clearly increase in comparison with a normal, in particular extremely flat, arrangement of the mineral fibers. The flexural strength of the fibrous web or of the sections separated from it in the form of plates or Dämmfilzen is therefore significantly higher in the transverse direction than in the production direction. In roof insulation panels with gross densities of about 130 to 150 kg / m ³ , the bending strength in the transverse direction is on the order of three to four times as high as the bending strength in the direction of production.

A method for the production of insulating elements with a characteristic of lamellas, lamellar plates or lamellae orientation of Mineralfasem is from the EP 0 741 827 B1 known. In this method, a thin primary nonwoven is unfolded by an up and down moving conveyor and placed endlessly and looped on a second conveyor. This creates individual layers which are pressed against each other in the horizontal direction and are compressed differently depending on the desired density of density. For this purpose, the primary fleece is guided between two pressure-resistant bands, which initially limit only the height of the primary fleece. Already hereby the mineral fibers are aligned in the arcuately deflected tracks of the primary web parallel to boundary surfaces.

To obtain largely flat surfaces, the primary nonwoven can also be actively compressed in the vertical direction.

This orientation of the mineral fibers in the primary nonwoven can be done in a separate device, but is advantageously made in conjunction with a curing oven. In the curing oven, the endless fibrous web produced from the primary nonwoven is flowed through in a vertical direction between two pressure belts, at least one of which is movable in the vertical direction, with hot air.

With the aid of the thermal energy transmitted through the hot air, the fibrous web with the binding and / or impregnating agents contained therein is heated, so that moisture present in the fibrous web is expelled and the binders cure, in which they form connecting films or solids. After fixation of the fibrous web by solidification of the binder is shown in longitudinal section a structure in which the mineral fibers are oriented in the core of the primary web predominantly perpendicular to the large surfaces of the endless fiber web.

In the near-surface areas, the mineral fibers are aligned parallel to the large surfaces. Because of the relatively high stiffness of the core of the primary web, the mineral fibers can also be compressed in a mushroom-like manner with correspondingly large vertical pressures and / or pressed downwards between the zones having mineral fibers running at right angles to the large surfaces. Between the arcuately deflected paths of the primary web generally remain small gussets, which occur as different widths and different depths transverse grooves in the two large-Shen surfaces of the endless fiber web.

In the horizontal section, the higher density zones differ with the mineral fibers running at right angles to the large surfaces clearly from the intermediate zones with a flat arrangement of mineral fibers. In cross-section, the structure is less uniform than in insulation boards used to make fins. For example, the bending tensile strength is lower because of the inhomogeneity of the structure at a comparable density.

The mineral fibers lying flat in the near-surface zones significantly reduce the thermal conductivity perpendicular to the large surfaces.

From the EP 0 741 827 B1 Furthermore, the production of laminated Dämmfilzen is known in which the endless loop-shaped unfolded fiber web are glued on both large surfaces with support layers of aluminum foil and the fiber web is then cut centrally and parallel to their large surfaces, so that ultimately two equally thick and laminated fiber webs arise which are then rolled up. In the fibrous webs produced in this way and referred to as insulating felts, only a partial bonding with the carrier layer is possible. This partial bonding and the low transverse tensile strength of the mineral fibers leads to a low-strength composite whose connection is much less solid compared to a lamella plate or a lamellar mat of lamellae. However, this difference does not play a significant role in a continuously bonded fiber web, in particular when detaching the carrier layers at the two ends. However, the outer, unbacked compressible zones lead to bumps.

Here in question insulating elements can be used in thermal insulation systems. A thermal insulation composite system, called system, consists of particular plate-shaped insulating elements, which can be glued on a building surface to be insulated and / or with Help of Dämmstoffhaltem be fastened. On the mounted on the building surface insulation elements usually a two-layer plaster layer is applied, wherein the first layer of the plaster layer is usually reinforced by means of glass fiber meshes.

These systems are applied externally on building surfaces, such as exterior walls, ceilings over passages, open garages, basement ceilings, but also on heated partition walls or ceilings delimiting unheated building parts.

In addition to systems with insulating elements made of mineral fibers and systems with insulating elements made of rigid foam panels, in particular expanded polystyrene, for reducing the thermal conductivity, for example, from micrographite-doped polystyrene, phenolic resin foam, or extruded polystyrene are known. Of importance for the invention are but only such systems with insulating elements of non-combustible mineral wool insulation boards or a combination of two fundamentally different materials. Namely, there are known designs of systems in which insulation boards of mineral fibers in the area of falls and / or soffits are arranged, while the other building surfaces with flammable, but protected by the wall and the plaster layers insulation elements made of polystyrene heat and sound insulation.

Legislation and the need for primary energy savings have led to thicknesses of the insulation layers increasing from an official minimum thickness of 40 mm to about 240 mm for passive houses. As usual insulation thicknesses in the new construction area are about 100 to about 140 mm to look at, while rehabilitation work in existing buildings, the insulation thicknesses usually only about 60 to about 80 mm.

The insulating elements of mineral fibers already described above have been particularly suitable for use in these systems. These insulating elements are produced from a mineral fiber web continuously impregnated on a conveyor with water-borne binders and other additives such as water repellents and / or dust binders. Typical binders are aqueous mixtures of phenol-formaldehyde-urea resins containing catalysts for accelerating curing and adhesion promoting substances such as silanes.

The endless mineral fiber web is intensively folded by a combined horizontal compression in the conveying direction and a vertical compression, so that arise in the range of large surfaces of the mineral fiber lattice axes.

In the production of the mineral fiber web mineral fiber agglomerations in the form of thin lamellar areas are formed in particular by the nature of the force introduction, which have a firmer bond and as such are movable relative to the adjacent lamellar areas of the mineral fiber web, the connection between the individual lamellar areas is significantly less than the internal cohesion of the lamellar areas. The lamellar areas are largely flat to the large surfaces of the mineral fiber web.

The lattice axes run predominantly parallel to the large upper surfaces of the mineral fiber web. The intensively folded and impregnated mineral fiber web is conveyed between an upper and a lower, in each case pressure-resistant and at the same time air-permeable conveyor belt of a hardening furnace. Both conveyors consist mostly of stable, connected via tension members Bodies that form perforations in a characteristic arrangement on the large surfaces. The deformable mineral fiber web is fixed in the curing oven in the desired delivery thickness, wherein the flexible mineral fibers are rearranged in near-surface areas such that the mineral fibers are in the near-surface areas parallel to the conveyor belts. Although another part of the mineral fibers thus transferred is pressed into the holes of the pressure-resistant conveyor belts, the mineral fibers remain in parallel storage to the correspondingly shaped surfaces.

In the hardening furnace, the residual moisture of the mineral fiber web is expelled and the binder is heated and hardened by sucking hot air through the endless mineral fiber web in a right-angled direction. After the curing of the binder, the structure of the mineral fiber web now to be designated as an endless insulating web is fixed. The hot air can be used to dislodge monomers of the binders which lead to slightly increased binder contents in the near-surface areas and in the mineral fibers pressed into the holes of the conveyor belts in the hardening furnace. In the longitudinal section of the mineral fiber web thus a core area adjacent to it near the surface areas, so-called contact zones are to be distinguished.

The endless insulation sheet is after leaving the curing oven with the help of sawing in insulation boards, for example, with a length of 800 mm and a width of 625 mm divided. Preferably, the longitudinal axis of the insulation boards is oriented transversely to the compression, thus also transversely to the production direction of the mineral fiber web.

The insulation boards which can be used as plaster base plates are produced with densities of about 140 to about 180 kg / m ³ . The proportions of the mixtures of phenol, urea, Formaldehyde resins are about 4 to about 7% by mass. Higher contents of organic binders are avoided because of the possible loss of incombustibility and also for cost reasons.

Primarily as a result of the flat storage of the mineral fibers in both horizontal main axes of the mineral fiber web have insulation boards made therefrom transverse tensile strengths perpendicular to the large upper surfaces of about 15 to about 35 kPa. The tensile strength of the mineral fiber web transverse to the folding and production direction is usually 3 to 5 times higher than the transverse tensile strength specified above.

In order to reduce the thermal conductivity of such insulation boards, for example, to a design value of 0.035 W / m K, in particular horizontally less compressed insulation boards are produced with a density of about 100 kg / m ³ , which have a transverse tensile strength of slightly more than 5 kPa.

The different transverse tensile strength of the insulation boards is used to divide the folded endless insulation web in production and corresponding horizontal compression direction in slices. However, in order to be able to carry out the subsequent processing steps independently of the high-performance production equipment, the endless insulation material web is usually divided into large-format insulation panels. Although this procedure allows the production on relatively low-cost systems, but increases the variable production costs considerably.

In these disks, the individual, although in the direction of the longitudinal axis lamellar folded together mineral fibers are predominantly arranged at right angles or in very steep storage to the large surfaces, ie here the cut surfaces. The discs are usually by Max. 200 mm thick insulation boards separated, which can be cured in the known hardening furnaces.

In addition to the mineral fiber insulation boards described above so-called mineral fiber finned plates with densities of about 85 to about 90 kg / m ³ and transverse tensile strengths of> 100 kPa and compressive strengths of about 70 kPa at 10% compression known. These mineral fiber lamellar plates must be classified in the heat conductivity group 045 according to DIN 4108. For mineral fiber lamella plates with lower heat conductivities, eg WLG 040, at least the bulk densities are lowered to 70 to 80 kg / m ³ . This results in a reduction of the transverse tensile strength to about 80 kPa and the compressive stress strength to about 40 kPa. Due to the orientation of the individual mineral fibers is thus a reduction of the use of materials for the production of insulating elements possible.

The mineral fiber lamella plates are glued with a cut surface on the building surface to be insulated. The mineral fiber web and thus also the finished insulation web or the insulation boards made therefrom or mineral fiber lamellar plates are hydrophobic and even with surface-active substances having adhesives an inadequate connection, so that the secure mounting of the insulation boards is cumbersome and expensive. These problems are at least partially solved by adhesion-promoting layers, which are applied at least fully or partially over the cutting surface serving as the adhesive surface. In the same way, the large surfaces of the insulating elements to be coated with a plaster system are in particular pretreated by the manufacturer.

From the EP 277 500 B1 For example, a method of making an insulating panel of mineral fibers having two layers is known. The previously known Insulating board has a bulk density between about 75 and about 100 kg / m ³ and a 10 to 20 mm thick top layer, which is compressed to about 160 kg / m ³ , the mineral fibers are predominantly arranged flat to the large surface , Since the compression of the cover layer takes place independently of the actual insulation board, a contact zone is formed on the surface of the cover layer facing the insulation board. The bulk density of such a composite panel can be lowered in an advantageous manner with increasing thickness of about 100 kg / m ³ to about 85 kg / m ³ . The transverse tensile strength of this composite plate reaches a magnitude of about 5 kPa, while the compressive stress strength is about 10 kPa. If higher strength values are to be achieved, it is necessary to raise the bulk density of the cover layer to about 180 kg / m ³ and the actual insulation board to about 125 - about 135 kg / m ³ . This results in a higher compressive stress strength of about 40 kPa and a higher transverse tensile strength of <about 15 kPa.

The relatively stiff cover layer increases the shear strength of the insulation board so that the orientation of the insulation board recedes relative to the original layer in the continuous insulation web.

The strength properties of mineral fiber insulating elements diminish over time and especially under the action of moisture. In order to counteract this loss of strength, surcharges for possible strength losses of up to approx. 50% are required on the minimum strength values determined from stability calculations.

Mineral fiber lamella plates have the highest transverse tensile strength and can therefore be insulated up to building heights of about 20 m solely by bonding one of the cut surfaces with the building surface to be insulated. Between a layer of glue and the one to be insulated Building surfaces are required tensile strength of up to 80 kPa. For bonding, plastic-containing mortars, which are referred to below as adhesive mortar, or conventional plasters are used, which are approximately identical in practice. It is usually plastic-containing and hydraulically setting substances, either applied over the entire surface of the insulation board, especially the mineral fiber lamella plate and then combed with a toothed spatula or in the form of thin, perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of adhesive beads using a carrier and appropriate accessories is applied to the wall.

In the insulation boards made of mineral fibers, the adhesive is peripherally applied circumferentially as a bead and the other center as at least one, preferably several batches applied to the surface to be bonded to the insulation board, the proportion of trained with the adhesive surface should be at least> 40%. The adhesive serves as a balancing mass for the bumps of the building surface to be insulated and the surface of the insulation board, as the edges of the insulation board stiffening and together with the arranged in the central region of the surface of the insulation board bats as spacers.

The adhesive tensile strength of the adhesive does not enter into the calculations of the stability of corresponding systems in the general building inspectorate approvals of the Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik. Nevertheless, the opposite of the building surface to be insulated at least positive adhesive layer is regarded as a safeguard against slipping of the insulation boards.

In a variety of buildings, the insulating panels of mineral fibers must mechanically with so-called Dämmstoffhaltern to be insulated Building surface to be fixed. These insulation holders are also commercially called screw anchor or expansion dowel.

Insulation holder consist of a metal screw and a plastic body, which usually has a round, perforated in its surface and disc-shaped head. Alternatively, a ring with radially inwardly extending webs and a central shaft may be provided, wherein the outer ring causes a high resistance of the head against passage in the insulation board.

The length of the hollow shank is matched to the thickness of the insulating layer and in particular of the insulating panels and ends in the form of an expansion anchor. Through the shaft, a metal pin is guided in the most common embodiment, which has at one end an example hexagonal shaped screw head and at the opposite end a helical thread. To set the insulation holder, the plastic body is hammered into a previously created hole and the metal pin screwed into the shaft until the plate rests firmly on the surface of the insulation board.

The number of required insulation holders depends on the height of the building surface to be insulated and the size of the different insulation boards.

The adhesion of the plaster is primarily dependent on the transverse tensile and shear strength of the surface or the near-surface zones of the insulation board made of mineral fibers. The thicknesses of the plaster applied to mineral fiber insulation panels have been systematically reduced by the increasing use of synthetic resin plaster. There are known two-layer plaster systems with a flush of about 2 mm thickness and a top coat of about 0.5 to about 1.5 mm thickness. This trend The mineral plasters are also followed by higher additions of plastics, so that their total thicknesses in the minimum amount to about 4 to about 7 mm.

To be able to produce a flat surface with these thin plaster layers, the insulation holder must be pressed into the insulation layer if possible. Nevertheless, the coverage of the insulation holder is often not sufficient. Furthermore, these thin plaster layers have only a low heat storage capacity, so that under certain weather conditions regularly falls below the surface temperatures of the plaster layer from the ambient temperature, resulting in condensation can result. These promote the formation of biogenic films, such as the growth of algae on the surfaces of the system, leaving the areas of the plaster above the insulation holders free on the one hand because of the thermal bridging effect of the metallic screws and / or on the other hand because of the faster drying.

Since dust also settles on damp areas, drier areas above the insulation holders are permanently visible for this reason. With strong algae growth, however, even these relatively small areas can be populated relatively quickly from the edges.

The drier areas remain visible when the condensation on the surface of the plaster freezes and forms no or less ice in the area of drier places. Also, the impact of driving rain on the water-resistant surfaces of the plaster can lead to the loss of insulation material holder due to the different absorption of moisture and because of the different drying rates, especially when cleaning with lower brightness values

From the DE 102 30 649 A1 a device for applying coating compositions on insulating elements is known. These insulation elements are insulating panels, in particular of mineral fibers, which are attached to building facades to form a thermal insulation system.

Furthermore, from the EP 1 031 782 A2 a pipe shell for heat and / or sound insulation of a pipeline known. The pipe shell consists of at least one insulating element which has two substantially parallel to each other extending large surfaces, of which at least one surface bears against a lateral surface of the pipe to be insulated. In the area of the second surface, the insulating element bent according to the pipeline has projections which serve as spacers and facilitate the insertion of the pipe shell into a casing stone.

Finally, the reveals EP 1 203 847 A1 an insulating element for applied on building facades thermal insulation systems. The insulating element consists of a mineral fiber body with a preferably perpendicular to large-sen surfaces aligned course of mineral fibers and arranged at least on a surface coating, the adhesive bond between the mineral fiber molding and a construction adhesive, in particular an adhesive mortar and / or applied to the mineral fiber body plaster enlarge. The coating consists of an impregnation and a pressure-resistant layer with high affinity to hydraulically setting building adhesives. Such insulating elements have been proven, but have a high weight, so that processing without mechanical fasteners, such as insulation holders is not always possible.

The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide an insulating element and a composite thermal insulation in which the use of insulation holders in the area of higher building surfaces is not required, the insulation element should also be inexpensive to produce, so that even the thermal insulation system in economic Way to create.

To solve this problem is provided in an insulating element according to the invention that at least on the contact zone associated large surface in at least one major axis direction extending aligned bead-like projections are arranged at regular intervals to each other, which have a substantially circular arc section-shaped cross-section. In a thermal insulation composite system according to the invention is provided to solve the task that the insulating element faces away from the contact zone arranged large surface rests on a building surface to be insulated and connected thereto via an adhesive and that the outer, the contact zone having large surface formed with a cover is.

The insulating element according to the invention makes the use of Dämmstoffhaltem for fixing coated insulation layers, for example, in thermal insulation systems in conventional multi-storey buildings superfluous, since the insulation element according to the invention has significantly improved strength values and in particular inexpensive to already existing production facilities can be produced. In addition, the connection of the insulating element according to the invention with the plaster and / or the adhesive is substantially improved, so that also achieved here an improvement in the stability of a trained with the insulating elements according to the invention thermal insulation composite system becomes. The projections according to the invention in this case improve the adhesion of the adhesive to the hydrophobic insulating element, as far as the projections are arranged on the large surface, which faces in the installation position of the insulating element of a building surface. If the insulating element is oriented away from the building surface with the large surface having the projections in the installation position, the projections also have the effect of improving the adhesion with the plaster.

It is preferably provided that the mineral fibers are arranged extending in two contact zones in the region of both large surfaces parallel to the large surfaces and that bead-like projections are arranged on both large surfaces. This embodiment of the insulating element according to the invention leads to an improvement in the adhesion of the adhesive and the plaster on the insulating element.

According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that the core region consists of a plurality of meandering arranged and preferably compressed in the longitudinal direction of the core region loops of a primary web, wherein the loops of the primary web are interconnected via deflection regions which are arranged in at least one contact zone. In addition to the improved tensile strength in the longitudinal direction of the insulating element, an improvement in the compressive strength of the insulating element in the direction of the surface normal of the large surfaces is achieved in this embodiment. However, the contact zones also offer an advantageous elasticity due to the orientation of the mineral fibers parallel to the large surfaces, so that unevennesses in the area of a building surface to be insulated can be compensated.

For the use of the insulating element in a thermal insulation composite system, it has also proven to be advantageous, the insulating element form with a different transverse tensile strength in the area below the two major surfaces. It is preferably provided that a region under a large surface has a transverse tensile strength of> 30 kPa, preferably> 60 kPa, and a region under the opposite large surface has a transverse tensile strength> 5 kPa. The insulating element meets in this embodiment, the requirement of adhesive strength in installation position, the large surface with the higher transverse tensile strength of a building surface to be insulated is assigned, since in this area larger forces, such as weight of the insulating element and the plaster and wind suction occur and ablate in the building surface are, while the plaster facing large surface of the insulating element only the weight of the plaster and the wind suction as forces in the thermal insulation composite system has to be removed, so that in this large surface a lower transverse tensile strength is sufficient. By this configuration, the manufacturing cost of the insulating elements can be significantly reduced.

According to the invention, it is provided according to a further feature that the areas directly adjoin the large surfaces in order to be able to provide the maximum transverse tensile strength.

It has proved to be advantageous to form the insulating element in such a way that the mineral fibers in the area with the transverse tensile strength of> 30 kPa are aligned almost exclusively at right angles to the large surface.

According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that at least one large surface is formed with an adhesion-promoting coating, which is arranged according to a development on the large surface, to which the mineral fibers have a rectangular course.

In addition to a full-area arrangement of the adhesion-promoting coating, it may be advantageous for the adhesion-promoting coating to be arranged over part of the area on the large surface. As a result, the manufacturing costs can be lowered in the course of a material saving and the processor at the same time the correct arrangement, for example, an adhesive can be displayed on the large surface of the insulating element.

An adhesion-promoting coating has proven to be advantageous from a plastic film having a high affinity for a construction adhesive, in particular a mortar and / or an adhesive mortar.

An above-described insulating element can be separated, for example, from an endless insulation web of mineral fibers. The continuous insulation web having a core region and one or two contact zones may be symmetrical or asymmetrical with respect to a longitudinal center plane.

The insulating material is characterized essentially by the fact that the individual mineral fibers are arranged over the cross section of the insulating material significantly different from the two large surfaces. Both large surfaces have projections that form in the curing oven in the fixation of the insulation web. For this purpose, the large surfaces are compressed in Teilbreichen between the projections and kept compressed during the curing of the binder.

In both surfaces and the projections, the mineral fibers have a course that is substantially parallel to the large surfaces. This pronounced laminar alignment of the mineral fibers to the large surfaces extends into the contact zones below the two large surfaces. Without sharp transitions close including vertical compression zones, in which the mineral fibers are aligned flat to flat inclined to the large surfaces as a result of a predominantly directed perpendicular to the conveying direction of the insulating material compression. At the same time in the direction of compression aligned compression form lamellar folded and mostly flat lying to the large surfaces portion of the insulation sheet.

In the core area of the insulating material web, the individual mineral fibers are predominantly oriented steeply to at right angles to the large surfaces. The transitions from the core region to the compression zones are characterized by a substantially uniform change in the slopes of the majority of the mineral fibers. Basically, therefore, the insulating material web has a stringing together of a plurality of arcuate or loop-like elements which are flattened by forces acting at right angles to the conveying direction, wherein a portion of Mineralfasem is pressed into the gusset between the arcuate or loop-like elements.

Gentle transitions, which do justice to the properties of the glassy solidified mineral fibers, are formed, which also have an effect on the non-abruptly changing transverse tensile strength of the individual layers aligned parallel to the large surfaces in the insulating material web. By a different depth of erosion of the outer contact zones, the transverse tensile strengths of the decisive for a non-positive composite two large surfaces compared to the core area with the right angles to the large surfaces aligned mineral fibers vary within wide limits and so adapt to the particular application. Thus, insulation boards can be produced with a significantly different transverse tensile strength in the two large surfaces.

With these insulating elements, thermal insulation composite system can be produced in which the insulating elements have a large surface or underlying contact zone with transverse tensile strengths of> about 30 kPa, preferably> about 60 kPa, while the opposite large surface and the contact zone adjacent thereto at least one transverse tensile strength of> 5 kPa. The transverse tensile strength of a large surface is thus sufficiently high to stick the insulation board without additional anchorages on a building surface to be insulated. The transverse tensile strength of the second, in the external thermal insulation composite system large surface is sufficient in contrast to be able to hold plasters, mortar, fillers or paint coatings.

Consequently, it has proven advantageous in a system according to the invention that the large surface facing the building surface is designed as a cut surface to which the mineral fibers are aligned at right angles. In this area, high transverse tensile strengths can be achieved by aligning the mineral fibers relative to the large surface in a simple and manufacturally cost-effective manner.

An improvement of the connection between the adhesive and / or plaster with the insulating element is achieved in that the cut surface has an adhesion-promoting coating, which is preferably applied over the entire surface.

According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that the cover is designed as a preferably reinforced cleaning system.

For the stability of the thermal insulation composite system, it is also advantageous that the insulating element in the contact zone for a Area of the cut surface has different transverse tensile strength. In this case, a transverse tensile strength of> 30 kPa, preferably> 60 kPa and in the contact zone a transverse tensile strength of> 5 kPa has proven sufficient and advantageous in the sectional area.

A further improvement of the thermal insulation composite system according to the invention results from the fact that the cover is reinforced with a fiberglass Gittergelege.

Finally, it is provided according to a further feature of the invention that a plurality of insulating panels are arranged and secured in association on the building surface to be insulated.

Figur 1

ein Dämmstoffelement im Längsschnitt;

Figur 2

einen Abschnitt eines Wärmedämmverbundsystems mit einem Dämmstoffelement im Längsschnitt;

Figur 3

eine Abschnitt einer Dämmstoffbahn zur Herstellung von zwei Dämmstoffelementen gemäß Figur 2;

Figur 4

die beiden Dämmstoffelemente gemäß Figur 3 im Längsschnitt und

Figur 5

einen Abschnitt einer Dämmstoffbahn in verschiedenen Bearbeitungsstufen im Längsschnitt.

Further feature and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the accompanying drawings in which preferred embodiments of an insulating element and a thermal insulation composite system are shown. In the drawing show:

FIG. 1

an insulating element in longitudinal section;

FIG. 2

a section of a thermal insulation composite system with an insulating element in longitudinal section;

FIG. 3

a portion of an insulating material web for the production of two insulating elements according to Figure 2;

FIG. 4

the two insulating elements according to Figure 3 in longitudinal section and

FIG. 5

a section of an insulating material web in different processing stages in longitudinal section.

In Figure 1, an insulating element 1 is shown in longitudinal section. The insulating element 1 consists of Mineralfasem 2, which are bound with binders.

Two large surfaces 3, 4 are spaced and provided parallel to each other. The large surfaces 3, 4 define outwardly contact zones 5, 6, in which the mineral fibers 2 are aligned substantially parallel to the large surfaces 3, 4. At the contact zones 5, 6 close up compression zones 7, 8, which are characterized by a substantially uniform change in the inclinations of the main portion of the mineral fibers 2. Finally, a core region 9 is arranged between the compression zones 7, 8, in which the mineral fibers 2 are arranged to extend predominantly steeply to at right angles to the large surfaces 3, 4.

In the region of the two large surfaces 3, 4, the insulating element 1 has bead-like projections 10, which are arranged at regular intervals from one another and have a substantially semicircular cross-section. The projections 10 are aligned at right angles to the longitudinal extension of the insulating element 1, therefore perpendicular to the production or conveying direction of the insulating element 1 in the manufacturing process. In the projections 10, the mineral fibers 2 run parallel to the large surfaces 3, 4.

The insulating element 1 consists of a plurality of meandering arranged and compressed in the longitudinal direction of the core portion 9 loops 11 of a primary web. The loops 11 of the primary web are connected to one another via deflection regions, which are arranged in the region of the swage zones 7, 8 or the contact zones 5, 6 or form the swage zones 7, 8.

In the figures 3 and 4, the loops 11 can be seen, wherein the figures 3 and 4 show sections of an insulating element 1, which is not yet provided with projections 10. These projections 10 are formed in a hardening furnace, not shown by lying on the large surfaces 3, 4 conveying elements, which compresses the insulating element in a direction perpendicular to the large surfaces 3, 4 in some areas and compressed to harden the binder contained.

Accordingly, Figures 3 and 4, the insulating element 1 before the passage of the curing oven.

In FIGS. 3 and 4, the upset zones 7, 8 can be seen, in which the mineral fibers 2 are deviated differently from the rectangular orientation in the core region 9, so that the mineral fibers 2 have a flat or parallel course to the large surfaces 3, 4 ,

In addition, a center plane 12 is shown in phantom in FIG. 3, along which the insulating element 1 can be separated parallel to the large surfaces 3, 4 into two insulating elements 1.1 or 1.2 according to FIG.

In principle, a separation of the insulating element 1 in the insulating elements 1.1 and 1.2 is also possible off-center, as indicated for example by an arrow 13 in Figure 3.

Furthermore, FIG. 3 shows schematically a cutting tool 14 which removes subregions of the swaging zones 7, 8 in order to form smooth large surfaces 3, 4. The insulating elements 1.1 and 1.2 have in addition to a cutting surface 15 an adhesion-promoting coating 16, for example consists of a plastic film with a high affinity for a construction adhesive, in particular a mortar and / or an adhesive mortar. The coating 16 is arranged over the full area on the cut surfaces 15, wherein the course of the mineral fibers 2 in the region of the cut surfaces 15 is aligned at right angles to the cut surfaces 15.

The insulating elements 1.1 and 1.2 according to Figure 4 are characterized in that the large surface 3 or 4 has a lower transverse tensile strength of 10 kPa compared to the sectional area 15, while the transverse tensile strength of the insulating element 1.1 or 1.2 in the area of the cut surface 15 at 65 kPa is located.

These insulating elements 1.1 and 1.2 are particularly suitable for use in a thermal insulation system 17, as shown in Figure 2 in a section. The thermal insulation composite system 17 consists of insulating elements 1.2 according to Figure 4, which are fixed with a point or line on the coating 16 applied adhesive 18 on a building surface to be insulated 19, such as a wall 20. The insulating element 1.2 is in this case aligned with its cutting surface 15 to the building surface 19 out, so that the coating 16 is in communication with the adhesive 18. In this area, the insulating element 1.2 on the above-described high transverse tensile strength, so that the forces occurring here, namely the weight of the insulating element 1.2 including an externally arranged plaster 21 and wind suction forces can be removed.

The plaster 21 is formed in two layers and has a base coat 22 and a top coat 23, which are formed in particular of a material which approximately coincides with the material of the adhesive 18. In the base plaster 22 a reinforcement 24 is inserted in the form of a mesh fabric to increase the strength of the plaster 21.

The plaster 21 is arranged on the large surface 4 of the insulating element 1.2 in the region of the contact zone 6 and fills the areas between the projections 10. By the projections 10, an improved connection between the plaster 21 and the large surface 4 of the insulating element 1.2 is formed.

FIG. 5 shows an insulation web 25, which is formed from loops 11 of a primary nonwoven and is conveyed in the direction of an arrow 26. The large surfaces 3, 4 with the upsetting zones 7, 8 and contact zones 5, 6 arranged there are machined with cutting tools 14, which are aligned parallel to the longitudinal extent and conveying direction according to arrow 26 of the insulating material web 25.

It can be seen in FIG. 5 that with the cutting tools 14, either a part of the upset zones 7, 8 or the entire upset zones 7, 8 can be removed, so that the insulation panel 25 can have different fiber progressions. In particular, insulating material elements 1. 1 or 1. 2 according to FIG. 4 can be produced from insulating material web 25 according to FIG. 5 or insulating material web 25 can have a total exclusively rectangular course of mineral fibers 2 to large surfaces 3, 4.

The insulating element 1.1 or 1.2 according to Figure 4 is thus characterized characterized in that the contact zone 5, 6 has been removed in the region of the large surfaces up to the compression zone 7, 8 and that the cut surface 15 to achieve a high transverse tensile strength in the core region 9 of the insulating element 1 is formed according to FIG. The cut surface 15 is covered over its entire area with an adhesion-promoting coating 16, which impregnates the cut surface 15 with an adhesion-promoting plastic film.

The outer large surface 3, 4 can be coated or impregnated in the same way as the cutting surface 15. When relatively thick coatings 16 are used, the contact zone 5, 6 can be left in the original shape and position.

The insulation elements 1.1 and 1.2 may be formed as insulation boards and are manufactured in many different dimensions depending on the width of the production facilities, so that, for example, on the geometries of the building surfaces to be insulated 19, for example, by windows structured facades, coordinated formats or Blanks of the insulating elements 1.1 and 1.2 can be produced. When using large-size insulation boards decreases in a thermal insulation system 17, the number of joints between the insulation boards and thus their possible thermal bridge effect. Thus, the effectiveness of an insulation layer in the thermal insulation composite system 17 is increased.

Opposite mineral fiber finned plates used in a known manner, the production of a thermal insulation system 17 with the insulating elements 1.1 and 1.2 is much more economical. The same applies in comparison to the use of known insulating panels made of mineral fibers, since the bulk density of the insulating 1.1 or 1.2 can be reduced parallel to the large surfaces by at least 25% compared to insulating panels with a course of Mineralfasem without thereby the stability of the thermal insulation system 17 is impaired. Up to certain building heights can thereby be dispensed with additional mechanical fasteners, such as anchors in the form of insulation holders, which in turn significantly reduces the manufacturing cost of the thermal insulation system 17. By eliminating the insulation holder, these can no longer be visible under thin layers of plaster and thus the Overall impression of the thermal insulation composite system 17 adversely affect.

Claims (19)

1. Insulating element made of mineral fibres which are bound with a binder, especially from mineral wool and/or glass wool, comprising two major surfaces which are arranged mutually parallel to each other and which are spaced from each other, and comprising four lateral surfaces which are oriented at right angles to each other and to said major surfaces, wherein in the region of at least one contact zone which is directly joining one major surface said mineral fibres are oriented to run substantially parallel to said major surface, and wherein between said major surfaces and adjacent to said contact zone a core region is arranged in which the mineral fibres are arranged to run substantially at right angles and/or obliquely with respect to the major surfaces,
   characterized in
   that at least on that major surface (3, 4) which is allocated to said contact zone (5, 6) bead-like protrusions (10) which are oriented to extend in at least one major axis direction are arranged at equal distances to each other, which bead-like protrusions have a cross section substantially in the form of a section of an arc and which consist of mineral fibres which are bound with binders.
2. Insulating element according to claim 1,
   characterized in
   that said mineral fibres (2) are arranged in two contact zones (5, 6) in the region of both major surfaces (3, 4) to extend parallel to said major surfaces (3, 4), and that on both major surfaces (3, 4) bead-like protrusions are arranged.
3. Insulating element according to claim 1,
   characterized in
   that said core region (9) consists of a plurality of loops (11) of a primary fibrous web, which loops are arranged according to a meandering pattern and are compressed preferably in the longitudinal direction of said core region (9), wherein said loops (11) of said primary fibrous web are interconnected via redirection zones that are arranged in at least one contact zone (5, 6).
4. Insulating element according to claim 1,
   characterized by
   a different transverse tensile strength within the region below said two major surfaces (3, 4).
5. Insulating element according to claim 4,
   characterized in
   that a region below one of said major surfaces (3, 4, 15) has a transverse tensile strength of > 30kPa, preferably > 60kPa, and that a region below the opposite major surface (3, 4) has a transverse tensile strength of > 5kPa.
6. Insulating element according to claim 5,
   characterized in
   that said regions are directly adjacent to said major surfaces (3, 4, 15).
7. Insulating element according to claim 4,
   characterized in
   that the mineral fibres (2) within the region having the transverse tensile strength of > 30kPa are oriented so that they almost exclusively run at right angles to the major surface (15).
8. Insulating element according to claim 1,
   characterized in
   that at least one major surface (3, 4, 15) is formed with a coating (16) that imparts adhesion.
9. Insulating element according to claim 8,
   characterized in
   that said coating (16) which imparts adhesion is arranged on that major surface (15) to which the mineral fibres run at right angles.
10. Insulating element according to claim 8,
    that the coating (16) which imparts adhesion is arranged on part of the area of the major surface (3, 4, 15).
11. Insulating element according to claim 8,
    characterized in
    that said coating (16) which imparts adhesion consists of a plastic film with a high affinity to an industrial adhesive, especially mortar and/or adhesive mortar.
12. Composite thermal insulation system with at least one insulating element according to the claims 1 to 11,
    characterized in
    that said insulating element (1, 1.1, 1.2) with its major surface (15) directed away from the contact zone (5, 6) rests on a building surface (19) to be insulated and is connected to the same through an adhesive (18), and that the outside major surface (3, 4) which includes said contact zone (5, 6) is provided with a cover.
13. System according to claim 12,
    characterized in
    that the major surface which is directed to said building surface (19) is formed as a cutting area (15), with the mineral fibres being oriented to run at right angles to said cutting area.
14. System according to claim 13,
    characterized in
    that said cutting area (15) includes a coating (16) which imparts adhesion and which is preferably applied over the full surface.
15. System according to claim 12,
    characterized in
    that said cover is preferably formed as a reinforced render system (21).
16. System according to claim 12,
    characterized in
    that said insulating element (1,1.1,1.2) has a transverse tensile strength in the region of the contact zone (5, 6) which is different from the region of the cutting area (15).
17. System according to claim 16,
    characterized in
    that said cutting area (15) has a transverse tensile strength of > 30kPa, preferably > 60kPa, and that said contact zone (5, 6) has a transverse tensile strength of > 5kPa.
18. System according to claim 15,
    characterized in
    that said cover is reinforced with a reinforcement (24), for instance with a glass fibre lattice.
19. System according to claim 12,
    characterized in
    that several insulating elements (1, 1.1. 1.2) which are formed as insulation boards are arranged in a bond on and fixed to the building surface (19) to be insulated.

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