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EP1431006B1 - Method of Operating and Cooling Device for the Motor of an Electric Tool - Google Patents

Method of Operating and Cooling Device for the Motor of an Electric Tool Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1431006B1
EP1431006B1 EP03104751.7A EP03104751A EP1431006B1 EP 1431006 B1 EP1431006 B1 EP 1431006B1 EP 03104751 A EP03104751 A EP 03104751A EP 1431006 B1 EP1431006 B1 EP 1431006B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
load
motor
speed
engine
power tool
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03104751.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1431006A2 (en
EP1431006A3 (en
Inventor
Frank Fritsch
Hermann Schuster
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Hilti AG
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Hilti AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1431006A2 publication Critical patent/EP1431006A2/en
Publication of EP1431006A3 publication Critical patent/EP1431006A3/en
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Publication of EP1431006B1 publication Critical patent/EP1431006B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25F—COMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B25F5/00—Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
    • B25F5/008—Cooling means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S388/00—Electricity: motor control systems
    • Y10S388/923—Specific feedback condition or device
    • Y10S388/934—Thermal condition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S388/00—Electricity: motor control systems
    • Y10S388/935—Specific application:
    • Y10S388/937—Hand tool

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an operating method for the motor of a power tool z. B. a rotary hammer whose idle operating speed is adjusted by a control electronics to a value that is equal to or slightly above a selected working speed. Moreover, the invention relates to a power tool with device features for implementing this method of operation.
  • the service life and the operational readiness of the motor of a power tool depend crucially on the engine temperature. Excessive engine temperature can cause the engine to run for a certain amount of time while it is cooling down. During operation, the temperature of the motor should therefore not exceed a certain value. The engine temperature increases the higher the load torque that must be applied by the engine. On the other hand, the temperature drops when the engine is idling. The cooling is better at high speeds due to the increased air flow.
  • the working speed is the speed of the motor under load; It is determined by the application process or specific conditions of use. If a very high torque has to be applied by the engine, the engine speed drops due to the natural load characteristic of the engine (cf. Fig. 3 ).
  • the operating idle speed must not be far above the working speed for convenient operation of the power tool. This would z. B. disturbing effect on rotary hammers when the tool is discontinued and then re-attached. There should also be no large fluctuations in the idle operating speed, as they also have a disturbing effect.
  • the idle running speed of the engine is therefore always limited to a favorable level only slightly above the selected working speed.
  • an operating method for the motor of a power tool whose idle operating speed is adjusted by control electronics to a value equal to a selected operating speed, the motor being operated for cooling at a predetermined increased idling speed, if no load torque is applied to the motor acts.
  • a power tool comprises an electronic control unit for the speed of its engine, the operating idle speed is set to a value which is equal to a selected operating speed, and a time measuring device, after a definable idle time ein Trigger signal outputs to the control electronics, to increase the speed of the engine to a suitable, suitable for cooling, predetermined, increased idle speed. It is possible that the time measuring device immediately emits the trigger signal, ie, that no time delay occurs and the engine is switched immediately after reaching the idle speed to the increased idle speed.
  • the engine is preferably operated after a predefinable idle time, during which the engine runs at the idle operating speed, with the predetermined increased idling speed.
  • the idling operation is preferably determined by measuring the motor current or the torque of the motor. It is also advantageous to determine the idle time as a function of the previous load on the engine. In this case, the idle time is shortened if the engine was previously operated in overload, and it is switched to the working speed as soon as the engine is loaded with a torque that is above the idling torque.
  • the increased idle speed is also set as described above, if the engine was switched off and on again.
  • the engine after the engine is turned on, it will switch to the increased idle speed after an idle time, which may depend on the previous load on the engine, if no load torque is required from the engine. It is also possible that immediately after the engine is switched on the increased idle speed is set if no load torque is required by the engine.
  • a load measuring device which measures the motor current and thus determines the idling operation of the engine and emits an idling signal, with which the idling operation of the engine is displayed, to the time measuring device and the control electronics.
  • the load measuring device measures the operating load of the engine and outputs a load signal to the time measuring device for determining an idle time as a function of this load.
  • the time measuring device selects a shortened idling time when the load measuring device has previously measured a heavy load on the motor.
  • the control electronics immediately sets the speed of the engine to the working speed when the idle signal indicates that the engine is not idling. Thus, always a comfortable operation guaranteed.
  • the control electronics adjust the speed of the motor as described above when the engine is turned off and on again.
  • the idling speed of the engine is raised to an increased idling speed.
  • the value ⁇ n by which the speed is increased may be fixed or it may depend on the load previously achieved.
  • the speed of the engine is not increased immediately, but after a certain time from the normal idle operating speed to the increased idle speed.
  • the increased idle speed is chosen as high as possible, so that an effective cooling of the engine, especially after it has been operated in overload, is possible.
  • the increased idle speed must not exceed a certain value, as otherwise damage to the power tool may occur.
  • the increased idle speed may interfere with the operation of the power tool and for certain applications.
  • the speed is therefore reduced without delay from the increased idle speed to the idle operating speed as soon as the engine torque is required, which is greater than the idling torque. The speed change thus takes place outside of the work process, so that comfortable work is always possible.
  • Fig. 1 shows the course of the speed according to the invention.
  • the engine will start to operate normally until a certain time T 1 certain working torque (load moment) M 1 required.
  • the engine is no longer charged, ie the engine must now only the idle torque M L (M L ⁇ M 1 ), apply.
  • the idling torque M L is determined by the falling below a predetermined current, which is absorbed by the engine.
  • the motor is now running for a period .DELTA.T with the operation idling speed n 1, which is equal to the operating speed n is 1 or slightly higher.
  • the idle time ⁇ T is dependent on the course of the load torque before the time T 1 . In a preferred embodiment, the value of the idle time ⁇ T depends on the maximum load torque that has occurred between the last cooling and the time T 1 .
  • the speed of the engine is increased at the time T 2 of the idle operating speed n 1 by a value .DELTA.n to an increased idle speed n 2 .
  • the value ⁇ n by which the speed is increased may be predefined or dependent on the maximum load torque that occurred between the last cooling and the time T 1 .
  • the engine is now operated at the increased idle speed until a load torque M 2 is required, which is above the idling torque M L (M 2 > M L ).
  • the presence of the load torque M 2 is in turn determined by measurements of the motor current, which is recorded by the engine, or based on the rotational speed.
  • a load torque M 2 from the engine is required, which is greater than the idling torque M L.
  • the speed of the engine is therefore reduced immediately at this time T 3 to the selected operating speed n 1 .
  • the increased speed n 2 is also reduced if the power tool is turned off and turned on again and the engine is required a torque that is above the idling torque M L. That is, after Fig. 1 the engine could have been switched off at time T 3 .
  • the procedure is analogous to the above, ie, after switching on the idle time .DELTA.T is switched to an increased speed n 2 . It is also possible that immediately after switching on the increased idle speed is set.
  • the data required for determining the idling time ⁇ T eg the maximum load torque, can be stored when the engine is switched off. In Fig. 1 So the engine could have been switched on again at time T 1 .
  • the related to the operating method according to the invention functional block diagram of Fig. 2 shows the engine 1, the speed of which is set by an electronic control unit 4 by a control signal 3.
  • the control electronics 4 sets the speed to default values, which are specified via a selector switch 2.
  • the load measuring device 6 measures the load of the engine 1 and outputs an idling signal 8 and a load signal 9.
  • the idle signal 8 assumes the value "1" when the engine 1 does not have to apply a load torque, ie, the engine is idling and the value "0" if the engine 1 is loaded.
  • the load signal 9 assumes continuous values, which are dependent on the load of the motor. Based on the load signal 9 determines a time measuring device 5, the idle time .DELTA.T.
  • the idle time .DELTA.T may be predetermined, it may depend on the maximum load torque which has occurred between the last cooling and the time T 1 , or it may depend on an average load value.
  • the average load value is the average load torque that has occurred between the last and the current cooling phase.
  • the cooling phase is the period during which the engine is operated at the increased idle speed. The load value is reset after reaching the increased idle speed.
  • the time measuring device 5 starts a timer with the idling time .DELTA.T as the start time, if the idle signal 8 changes from the value "0" to "1". In Fig. 1 this takes place at time T 1 .
  • the time measuring device After expiration of the idle time .DELTA.T the time measuring device outputs a trigger signal 7 to the control electronics 4 from.
  • the control electronics 4 Upon receipt of the trigger signal 7, the control electronics 4 increases the idle operating speed n 1 at time T 2 by ⁇ n to the increased idle speed n 2 . It is also possible to dispense with a time delay, so that immediately after the idle is determined based on the idle signal 8, is switched to the increased idle speed (n 2 ).
  • Fig. 3 shows the speed-torque characteristic in the event that the engine is operated at the increased idling speed n 2 .
  • the engine is operated at the increased idle speed n 2 until the torque M is greater than or equal to an idle torque threshold M 0 .
  • the engine speed n is set to the operating speed n 1 . If the torque M exceeds a torque limit value M G , the engine is operated on its natural characteristic line 30.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Portable Power Tools In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Betriebsverfahren für den Motor eines Elektrowerkzeugs z. B. eines Bohrhammers, dessen Betriebsleerlaufdrehzahl durch eine Regelelektronik auf einen Wert eingestellt wird, der gleich oder geringfügig oberhalb einer gewählten Arbeitsdrehzahl liegt. Außerdem betrifft die Erfindung ein Elektrowerkzeug mit Einrichtungsmerkmalen zur Realisierung dieses Betriebsverfahrens.The invention relates to an operating method for the motor of a power tool z. B. a rotary hammer whose idle operating speed is adjusted by a control electronics to a value that is equal to or slightly above a selected working speed. Moreover, the invention relates to a power tool with device features for implementing this method of operation.

Die Lebensdauer und die Betriebsbereitschaft des Motors eines Elektrowerkzeugs hängen entscheidend von der Motortemperatur ab. Eine zu hohe Motortemperatur kann zur Folge haben, dass der Motor für eine bestimmte Zeit, während der er abkühlt nicht betrieben werden kann. Während des Betriebs sollte die Temperatur des Motors deshalb einen bestimmten Wert nicht überschreiten. Die Motortemperatur steigt um so mehr, je höher das Belastungsmoment ist, das vom Motor aufgebracht werden muß. Dagegen fällt die Temperatur, wenn der Motor im Leerlauf betrieben wird. Die Kühlung ist dabei bei hohen Drehzahlen durch den erhöhten Luftdurchsatz besser.The service life and the operational readiness of the motor of a power tool depend crucially on the engine temperature. Excessive engine temperature can cause the engine to run for a certain amount of time while it is cooling down. During operation, the temperature of the motor should therefore not exceed a certain value. The engine temperature increases the higher the load torque that must be applied by the engine. On the other hand, the temperature drops when the engine is idling. The cooling is better at high speeds due to the increased air flow.

Die Arbeitsdrehzahl ist die Drehzahl des Motors unter Last; sie ist durch den Anwendungsprozeß oder bestimmte Einsatzbedingungen vorgegeben. Muß vom Motor ein sehr hohes Moment aufgebracht werden, so fällt die Drehzahl aufgrund der natürlichen Last-Kennlinie des Motors ab (vgl. Fig. 3).The working speed is the speed of the motor under load; It is determined by the application process or specific conditions of use. If a very high torque has to be applied by the engine, the engine speed drops due to the natural load characteristic of the engine (cf. Fig. 3 ).

Wird der Motor nicht mehr belastet, d. h., dreht er im Leerlauf, darf die Betriebsleerlaufdrehzahl für eine komfortable Bedienung des Elektrowerkzeugs nicht weit über der Arbeitsdrehzahl liegen. Dies würde z. B. bei Bohrhämmern störend wirken, wenn das Werkzeug abgesetzt und anschließend wieder angesetzt wird. Es sollten auch keine großen Schwankungen der Betriebsleerlaufdrehzahl auftreten, da diese ebenfalls störend wirken. Die Betriebsleerlaufdrehzahl des Motors wird deshalb stets auf ein günstiges Niveau nur geringfügig oberhalb der gewählten Arbeitsdrehzahl begrenzt.If the engine is no longer loaded, d. h., If it is idling, the operating idle speed must not be far above the working speed for convenient operation of the power tool. This would z. B. disturbing effect on rotary hammers when the tool is discontinued and then re-attached. There should also be no large fluctuations in the idle operating speed, as they also have a disturbing effect. The idle running speed of the engine is therefore always limited to a favorable level only slightly above the selected working speed.

Nach US-Patentschrift 4,307,325 wird anhand der Zeit, die ein Motor im Leerlauf und unter Belastung betrieben wird, ein Belastungsindex festgelegt, mit dessen Hilfe die Temperatur des Motors mit geringem Aufwand bestimmt werden kann. Übersteigt die Temperatur einen bestimmten Wert, so wird der Motor abgeschaltet, um Schäden zu verhindern. Das Elektrowerkzeug läßt sich erst wieder einschalten, wenn der Motor abgekühlt ist, d. h., das Elektrowerkzeug kann für eine bestimmte Zeit nicht eingesetzt werden.To U.S. Patent 4,307,325 is determined by the time that an engine is idling and under load, a load index, with the help of the temperature of the engine can be determined with little effort. If the temperature exceeds a certain value, the engine becomes shut off to prevent damage. The power tool can be switched on again when the engine is cooled, ie, the power tool can not be used for a certain time.

Das vollständige Abschalten des Motors bewirkt eine Unterbrechung des Kühlluftstroms, so dass nur eine sehr langsame Abkühlung erfolgt. In DE 30 21 689 A1 wird deshalb vorgeschlagen, den Motor nicht abzuschalten, sondern im Falle einer Überlastung die Leistungsaufnahme zu begrenzen, dabei aber dennoch eine genügend hohe Drehzahl, die unterhalb der Betriebsleerlaufdrehzahl liegt, aufrechtzuerhalten, um den Motor zu kühlen. Dies geschieht jedoch nur bei einer Wicklungsüberhitzung. Zudem ist die Kühlwirkung nicht optimal, da die Drehzahl des Motors durch die Begrenzung der Leistungsaufnahme u. U. nicht ausreichend hoch ist. Ein Motor-Ausfall wegen Überhitzung kann also unter Umständen nicht verhindert werden. Eine ondere bekannte Vorrichtung wird in DE 29701358 U offenbart. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine ausreichende Kühlung des Motors während des Betriebs des Elektrowerkzeugs zu gewährleisten, so dass ein Ausfall wegen Überhitzung verhindert wird.The complete shutdown of the engine causes an interruption of the cooling air flow, so that only a very slow cooling takes place. In DE 30 21 689 A1 It is therefore proposed not to switch off the engine, but to limit the power consumption in the event of an overload, while still maintaining a sufficiently high rotational speed, which is below the idle operating speed, to cool the engine. However, this only happens with a winding overheating. In addition, the cooling effect is not optimal, since the speed of the engine by limiting the power consumption u. U. is not high enough. An engine failure due to overheating may therefore not be prevented. Another known device is in DE 29701358 U disclosed. The invention has for its object to ensure sufficient cooling of the engine during operation of the power tool, so that a failure is prevented due to overheating.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit der Erfindung gelöst durch ein Betriebsverfahren für den Motor eines Elektrowerkzeugs gemäß Anspruch 1 bzw. ein Elektrowerkzeug mit Merkmalen gemäß Anspruch 7. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen sind u. a. in abhängigen Ansprüchen definiert und/oder werden in der weiteren Beschreibung erläutert.This object is achieved with the invention by an operating method for the motor of a power tool according to claim 1 or a power tool having features according to claim 7. Preferred embodiments are u. a. are defined in dependent claims and / or will be explained in the further description.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird ein Betriebsverfahren für den Motor eines Elektrowerkzeugs bereitgestellt, dessen Betriebsleerlaufdrehzahl durch eine Regelelektronik auf einen Wert eingestellt wird, der gleich einer gewählten Arbeitsdrehzahl ist, wobei der Motor zur Kühlung mit einer vorgegebenen erhöhten Leerlaufdrehzahl betrieben wird, falls kein Belastungsmoment auf den Motor wirkt. Demnach wird der Motor während des normalen Betriebs kontinuierlich, effektiv gekühlt, und eine Überhitzung wird vermieden.According to the invention there is provided an operating method for the motor of a power tool whose idle operating speed is adjusted by control electronics to a value equal to a selected operating speed, the motor being operated for cooling at a predetermined increased idling speed, if no load torque is applied to the motor acts. Thus, the engine is continuously, effectively cooled during normal operation and overheating is avoided.

Ein Elektrowerkzeug gemäß der Erfindung weist eine Regelelektronik für die Drehzahl seines Motors auf, dessen Betriebsleerlaufdrehzahl auf einen Wert eingestellt wird, der gleich einer gewählten Arbeitsdrehzahl ist, und eine Zeitmesseinrichtung, die nach Ablauf einer festlegbaren Leerlaufzeit ein Triggersignal an die Regelelektronik abgibt, zur Erhöhung der Drehzahl des Motors auf eine zur Kühlung geeignete, vorgegebene, erhöhte Leerlaufdrehzahl. Es ist dabei möglich, dass die Zeitmesseinrichtung sofort das Triggersignal abgibt, d.h., das keine Zeitverzögerung auftritt und der Motor sofort nach Erreichen der Leerlaufdrehzahl auf die erhöhte Leerlaufdrehzahl umgeschaltet wird.A power tool according to the invention comprises an electronic control unit for the speed of its engine, the operating idle speed is set to a value which is equal to a selected operating speed, and a time measuring device, after a definable idle time ein Trigger signal outputs to the control electronics, to increase the speed of the engine to a suitable, suitable for cooling, predetermined, increased idle speed. It is possible that the time measuring device immediately emits the trigger signal, ie, that no time delay occurs and the engine is switched immediately after reaching the idle speed to the increased idle speed.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Betriebsverfahren wird der Motor bevorzugt nach einer vorgebbaren Leerlaufzeit, während der der Motor mit der Betriebsleerlaufdrehzahl läuft, mit der vorgebbaren erhöhten Leerlaufdrehzahl betrieben. Weiterhin wird bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Betriebsverfahren der Leerlaufbetrieb bevorzugt durch Messung des Motorstroms oder des Drehmoments des Motors festgestellt. Auch ist es vorteilhaft die Leerlaufzeit in Abhängigkeit von der vorherigen Belastung des Motors zu bestimmen. Dabei wird die Leerlaufzeit verkürzt, falls der Motor zuvor in Überlast betrieben wurde, und es wird auf die Arbeitsdrehzahl umgeschaltet, sobald der Motor mit einem Moment belastet wird, das über dem Leerlaufmoment liegt. Die erhöhte Leerlaufdrehzahl wird auch dann wie oben beschrieben eingestellt, falls der Motor aus- und wiedereingeschaltet wurde. D.h., es wird nach dem Einschalten des Motors nach einer Leerlaufzeit, die von der vorherigen Belastung des Motors abhängen kann, auf die erhöhte Leerlaufdrehzahl umgeschaltet, falls kein Belastungsmoment vom Motor verlangt wird. Es ist auch möglich, dass sofort nach dem Einschalten des Motors die erhöhte Leerlaufdrehzahl eingestellt wird, falls kein Belastungsmoment vom Motor verlangt wird.In the operating method according to the invention, the engine is preferably operated after a predefinable idle time, during which the engine runs at the idle operating speed, with the predetermined increased idling speed. Furthermore, in the operating method according to the invention, the idling operation is preferably determined by measuring the motor current or the torque of the motor. It is also advantageous to determine the idle time as a function of the previous load on the engine. In this case, the idle time is shortened if the engine was previously operated in overload, and it is switched to the working speed as soon as the engine is loaded with a torque that is above the idling torque. The increased idle speed is also set as described above, if the engine was switched off and on again. That is, after the engine is turned on, it will switch to the increased idle speed after an idle time, which may depend on the previous load on the engine, if no load torque is required from the engine. It is also possible that immediately after the engine is switched on the increased idle speed is set if no load torque is required by the engine.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Elektrowerkzeug ist bevorzugt eine Belastungsmesseinrichtung vorgesehen, die den Motorstrom misst und somit den Leerlaufbetrieb des Motors feststellt und ein Leerlaufsignal, mit dem der Leerlaufbetrieb des Motors angezeigt wird, an die Zeitmesseinrichtung und die Regelelektronik abgibt. Die Belastungsmesseinrichtung misst die Betriebsbelastung des Motors und gibt in Abhängigkeit dieser Belastung ein Belastungssignal an die Zeitmesseinrichtung zur Bestimmung einer Leerlaufzeit ab. Die Zeitmesseinrichtung wählt eine verkürzte Leerlaufzeit, wenn von der Belastungsmesseinrichtung zuvor eine starke Belastung des Motors gemessen wurde. Weiterhin stellt die Regelelektronik die Drehzahl des Motors sofort auf die Arbeitsdrehzahl ein, wenn das Leerlaufsignal anzeigt, dass der Motor nicht im Leerlauf betrieben wird. Somit ist stets ein komfortables Bedienen gewährleistet. Außerdem stellt die Regelelektronik die Drehzahl des Motors wie oben beschrieben ein, wenn der Motor aus- und wieder eingeschaltet wurde.In the power tool according to the invention, a load measuring device is preferably provided which measures the motor current and thus determines the idling operation of the engine and emits an idling signal, with which the idling operation of the engine is displayed, to the time measuring device and the control electronics. The load measuring device measures the operating load of the engine and outputs a load signal to the time measuring device for determining an idle time as a function of this load. The time measuring device selects a shortened idling time when the load measuring device has previously measured a heavy load on the motor. Furthermore, the control electronics immediately sets the speed of the engine to the working speed when the idle signal indicates that the engine is not idling. Thus, always a comfortable operation guaranteed. In addition, the control electronics adjust the speed of the motor as described above when the engine is turned off and on again.

Die Erfindung sowie weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung werden aus der beispielhaften Beschreibung einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform mit Bezug auf die Zeichnungen ersichtlich. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein Diagramm des Drehzahlverlaufs bei Leerlauf des Motors, wobei gemäß der Erfindung die Drehzahl zu Kühlzwecken erhöht wird;
Fig. 2
ein Blockschaltbild eines Teils eines erfindungsgemäßen Elektrowerkzeugs; und
Fig. 3
die Drehzahl-Drehmoment-Kennlinie eines erfindungsgemäß betriebenen Motors.
The invention as well as other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the exemplary description of a preferred embodiment with reference to the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
a diagram of the speed curve at idle the engine, wherein according to the invention, the speed is increased for cooling purposes;
Fig. 2
a block diagram of a portion of a power tool according to the invention; and
Fig. 3
the speed-torque characteristic of a motor operated according to the invention.

Um eine gute Kühlung des Motors und der Elektronik zu erreichen, wird gemäß der Erfindung die Drehzahl bei Leerlauf des Motors auf eine erhöhte Leerlaufdrehzahl hochgesetzt. Der Wert Δn, um den die Drehzahl erhöht wird, kann fest vorgegeben sein oder er kann von der zuvor erreichten Last abhängen. Bevorzugt wird die Drehzahl des Motors nicht sofort, sondern nach einer bestimmten Zeit von der normalen Betriebsleerlaufdrehzahl auf die erhöhte Leerlaufdrehzahl hochgesetzt. Die erhöhte Leerlaufdrehzahl wird dabei möglichst hoch gewählt, so dass ein effektives Kühlen des Motors, vor allem nachdem dieser in Überlast betrieben wurde, möglich ist. Gleichzeitig darf die erhöhte Leerlaufdrehzahl jedoch einen bestimmten Wert nicht überschreiten, da sonst Schäden am Elektrowerkzeug entstehen können. Die erhöhte Leerlaufdrehzahl kann jedoch bei der Bedienung des Elektrowerkzeugs und für bestimmte Anwendungen störend wirken. Die Drehzahl wird deshalb ohne Zeitverzögerung von der erhöhten Leerlaufdrehzahl auf die Betriebsleerlaufdrehzahl herabgesetzt, sobald am Motor ein Moment benötigt wird, das größer als das Leerlaufmoment ist. Die Drehzahländerung erfolgt also außerhalb des Arbeitsvorganges, so dass ein komfortables Arbeiten stets möglich ist.In order to achieve good cooling of the engine and the electronics, according to the invention, the idling speed of the engine is raised to an increased idling speed. The value Δn by which the speed is increased may be fixed or it may depend on the load previously achieved. Preferably, the speed of the engine is not increased immediately, but after a certain time from the normal idle operating speed to the increased idle speed. The increased idle speed is chosen as high as possible, so that an effective cooling of the engine, especially after it has been operated in overload, is possible. At the same time, however, the increased idle speed must not exceed a certain value, as otherwise damage to the power tool may occur. However, the increased idle speed may interfere with the operation of the power tool and for certain applications. The speed is therefore reduced without delay from the increased idle speed to the idle operating speed as soon as the engine torque is required, which is greater than the idling torque. The speed change thus takes place outside of the work process, so that comfortable work is always possible.

Fig. 1 zeigt den Verlauf der Drehzahl gemäß der Erfindung. Zunächst wird vom Motor bis zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt T1 beim normalen Arbeiten ein bestimmtes Arbeitsmoment (Belastungsmoment) M1 verlangt. Ab dem Zeitpunkt T1 wird der Motor nicht mehr belastet, d. h. der Motor muß nunmehr nur noch das Leerlaufmoment ML (ML < M1), aufbringen. Das Leerlaufmoment ML wird dabei durch die Unterschreitung eines vorgegebenen Stroms, der vom Motor aufgenommen wird, festgestellt. Der Motor läuft nun für eine Zeitspanne ΔT mit der Betriebsleerlaufdrehzahl n1, die gleich der Arbeitsdrehzahl n1 ist oder geringfügig höher. Die Leerlaufzeit ΔT ist dabei abhängig vom Verlauf des Belastungsmoments vor dem Zeitpunkt T1. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform hängt der Wert der Leerlaufzeit ΔT vom maximalen Belastungsmoment ab, welches zwischen der letzten Kühlung und dem Zeitpunkt T1 aufgetreten ist. Fig. 1 shows the course of the speed according to the invention. First of all, the engine will start to operate normally until a certain time T 1 certain working torque (load moment) M 1 required. From the time T 1 , the engine is no longer charged, ie the engine must now only the idle torque M L (M L <M 1 ), apply. The idling torque M L is determined by the falling below a predetermined current, which is absorbed by the engine. The motor is now running for a period .DELTA.T with the operation idling speed n 1, which is equal to the operating speed n is 1 or slightly higher. The idle time ΔT is dependent on the course of the load torque before the time T 1 . In a preferred embodiment, the value of the idle time ΔT depends on the maximum load torque that has occurred between the last cooling and the time T 1 .

Nach Ablauf der Leerlaufzeit ΔT wird die Drehzahl des Motors zum Zeitpunkt T2 von der Betriebsleerlaufdrehzahl n1 um einen Wert Δn auf eine erhöhte Leerlaufdrehzahl n2 erhöht. Der Wert Δn, um den die Drehzahl erhöht wird, kann vordefiniert sein oder vom maximalen Belastungsmoment, welches zwischen der letzten Kühlung und dem Zeitpunkt T1 auftrat, abhängen. Der Motor wird nun solange mit der erhöhten Leerlaufdrehzahl betrieben, bis ein Belastungsmoment M2 verlangt wird, das über dem Leerlaufmoment ML liegt (M2 > ML). Das Vorliegen des Belastungsmoments M2 wird wiederum über Messungen des Motorstroms, der vom Motor aufgenommen wird, bzw. anhand der Drehzahl festgestellt. In Fig. 1 wird zum Zeitpunkt T3 ein Belastungsmoment M2 vom Motor verlangt, das größer ist als das Leerlaufmoment ML. Die Drehzahl des Motors wird deshalb zu diesem Zeitpunkt T3 sofort auf die gewählte Arbeitsdrehzahl n1 herabgesetzt. Durch das sofortige Herabsetzen der Drehzahl wird eine komfortable Bedienung des Elektrowerkzeugs gewährleistet. Die erhöhte Drehzahl n2 wird ebenfalls herabgesetzt, falls das Elektrowerkzeug abgeschaltet und wieder eingeschaltet wird und vom Motor ein Drehmoment verlangt wird, das über dem Leerlaufmoment ML liegt. Das heißt, nach Fig. 1 hätte der Motor zum Zeitpunkt T3 auch abgeschaltet werden können.After expiration of the idle time .DELTA.T the speed of the engine is increased at the time T 2 of the idle operating speed n 1 by a value .DELTA.n to an increased idle speed n 2 . The value Δn by which the speed is increased may be predefined or dependent on the maximum load torque that occurred between the last cooling and the time T 1 . The engine is now operated at the increased idle speed until a load torque M 2 is required, which is above the idling torque M L (M 2 > M L ). The presence of the load torque M 2 is in turn determined by measurements of the motor current, which is recorded by the engine, or based on the rotational speed. In Fig. 1 At time T 3, a load torque M 2 from the engine is required, which is greater than the idling torque M L. The speed of the engine is therefore reduced immediately at this time T 3 to the selected operating speed n 1 . By immediately reducing the speed, a comfortable operation of the power tool is ensured. The increased speed n 2 is also reduced if the power tool is turned off and turned on again and the engine is required a torque that is above the idling torque M L. That is, after Fig. 1 the engine could have been switched off at time T 3 .

Wird der Motor ausgeschaltet und wieder eingeschaltet, so wird analog zu oben verfahren, d.h., nach dem Einschalten wird nach Ablauf der Leerlaufzeit ΔT auf eine erhöhte Drehzahl n2 umgeschaltet. Es ist auch möglich, dass nach dem Einschalten sofort die erhöhte Leerlaufdrehzahl eingestellt wird. Die zur Bestimmung der Leerlaufzeit ΔT erforderlichen Daten, z.B. das maximale Belastungsmoment, können beim Ausschalten des Motors gespeichert werden. In Fig. 1 hätte der Motor also zum Zeitpunkt T1 auch wieder eingeschaltet werden können.If the engine is switched off and switched on again, the procedure is analogous to the above, ie, after switching on the idle time .DELTA.T is switched to an increased speed n 2 . It is also possible that immediately after switching on the increased idle speed is set. The data required for determining the idling time ΔT, eg the maximum load torque, can be stored when the engine is switched off. In Fig. 1 So the engine could have been switched on again at time T 1 .

Das auf das erfindungsgemäße Betriebsverfahren bezogene Funktions-Blockschaltbild der Fig. 2 zeigt den Motor 1, dessen Drehzahl von einer Regelelektronik 4 durch ein Regelsignal 3 eingestellt wird. Die Regelelektronik 4 stellt die Drehzahl auf Vorgabewerte ein, die über einen Wahlschalter 2 vorgegeben werden. Die Belastungsmesseinrichtung 6 misst die Belastung des Motors 1 und gibt ein Leerlaufsignal 8 und ein Belastungssignal 9 ab. Das Leerlaufsignal 8 nimmt den Wert "1" an, wenn der Motor 1 kein Belastungsmoment aufbringen muss, d. h., der Motor befindet sich im Leerlauf und den Wert "0", falls der Motor 1 belastet wird. Das Belastungssignal 9 nimmt kontinuierliche Werte an, die von der Belastung des Motors abhängig sind. Anhand des Belastungssignals 9 bestimmt eine Zeitmesseinrichtung 5 die Leerlaufzeit ΔT. Die Leerlaufzeit ΔT kann dabei vorgegeben sein, sie kann vom maximalen Belastungsmoment abhängen, welches zwischen der letzten Kühlung und dem Zeitpunkt T1 aufgetreten ist, oder sie kann von einem mittleren Lastwert abhängen. Der mittlere Lastwert ist das mittlere Belastungsmoment das zwischen der letzten und der momentanen Kühlphase aufgetreten ist. Die Kühlphase ist der Zeitraum, während der der Motor mit der erhöhten Leerlaufdrehzahl betrieben wird. Der Lastwert wird nach erreichen der erhöhten Leerlaufdrehzahl wieder rückgesetzt.The related to the operating method according to the invention functional block diagram of Fig. 2 shows the engine 1, the speed of which is set by an electronic control unit 4 by a control signal 3. The control electronics 4 sets the speed to default values, which are specified via a selector switch 2. The load measuring device 6 measures the load of the engine 1 and outputs an idling signal 8 and a load signal 9. The idle signal 8 assumes the value "1" when the engine 1 does not have to apply a load torque, ie, the engine is idling and the value "0" if the engine 1 is loaded. The load signal 9 assumes continuous values, which are dependent on the load of the motor. Based on the load signal 9 determines a time measuring device 5, the idle time .DELTA.T. The idle time .DELTA.T may be predetermined, it may depend on the maximum load torque which has occurred between the last cooling and the time T 1 , or it may depend on an average load value. The average load value is the average load torque that has occurred between the last and the current cooling phase. The cooling phase is the period during which the engine is operated at the increased idle speed. The load value is reset after reaching the increased idle speed.

Die Zeitmesseinrichtung 5 startet einen Zeitgeber mit der Leerlaufzeit ΔT als Startzeit, falls das Leerlaufsignal 8 vom Wert "0" auf "1" wechselt. In Fig. 1 findet dies zum Zeitpunkt T1 statt. Nach Ablauf der Leerlaufzeit ΔT gibt die Zeitmesseinrichtung ein Triggersignal 7 an die Regelelektronik 4 ab. Bei Empfang des Triggersignals 7 erhöht die Regelelektronik 4 die Betriebsleerlaufdrehzahl n1 zum Zeitpunkt T2 um Δn auf die erhöhte Leerlaufdrehzahl n2. Es ist auch möglich auf eine Zeitverzögerung zu verzichten, so dass sofort nachdem der Leerlauf anhand des Leerlaufsignals 8 festgestellt wird, auf die erhöhte Leerlaufdrehzahl (n2) umgestellt wird.The time measuring device 5 starts a timer with the idling time .DELTA.T as the start time, if the idle signal 8 changes from the value "0" to "1". In Fig. 1 this takes place at time T 1 . After expiration of the idle time .DELTA.T the time measuring device outputs a trigger signal 7 to the control electronics 4 from. Upon receipt of the trigger signal 7, the control electronics 4 increases the idle operating speed n 1 at time T 2 by Δn to the increased idle speed n 2 . It is also possible to dispense with a time delay, so that immediately after the idle is determined based on the idle signal 8, is switched to the increased idle speed (n 2 ).

Falls nun der Wert des Leerlaufsignals 8 von "1" auf "0" wechselt, oder das Elektrowerkzeug durch ein Schaltersignal 10 ausgeschaltet wird und der Wert des Leerlaufsignals 8 gleich "0" ist, wird die Drehzahl von der Regelelektronik 4 zum Zeitpunkt T3 sofort wieder auf die Betriebsleerlaufdrehzahl n1 herabgesetzt.If now the value of the idling signal 8 changes from "1" to "0", or the power tool is turned off by a switch signal 10 and the value of the idle signal 8 is "0", the speed of the control electronics 4 at time T 3 immediately again reduced to the idle operating speed n 1 .

Fig. 3 zeigt die Drehzahl-Drehmoment-Kennlinie für den Fall, dass der Motor mit der erhöhten Leerlaufdrehzahl n2 betrieben wird. Wie man sieht, wird der Motor solange mit der erhöhten Leerlaufdrehzahl n2 betrieben, bis das Drehmoment M größer oder gleich einem Leerlaufdrehmoment-Schwellwert M0 ist. Für Drehmomentwerte größer oder gleich dem Leerlaufdrehmoment-Schwellwert M0 wird die Drehzahl n des Motors auf die Arbeitsdrehzahl n1 eingestellt. Übersteigt das Drehmoment M einen Drehmomentgrenzwert MG, so wird der Motor auf seiner natürlichen Kennline 30 betrieben. Fig. 3 shows the speed-torque characteristic in the event that the engine is operated at the increased idling speed n 2 . As can be seen, the engine is operated at the increased idle speed n 2 until the torque M is greater than or equal to an idle torque threshold M 0 . For torque values greater than or equal to the idle torque threshold M 0 , the engine speed n is set to the operating speed n 1 . If the torque M exceeds a torque limit value M G , the engine is operated on its natural characteristic line 30.

Claims (15)

  1. Operating method for the motor (1) of a power tool, the no-load operating speed of which is set at a value equal to a selected working speed (n1) by an electronic control system (4), characterised in that the motor is operated at a predetermined increased no-load speed (n2) for cooling purposes if there is no moment of load (M2) acting on the motor.
  2. Operating method according to claim 1, characterised in that the motor is switched over to the increased no-load speed (n2) when the motor (1) has been running at the no-load operating speed for a predetermined no-load time (ΔT).
  3. Operating method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that no-load operation is detected by measuring the motor current (I) of the motor (1).
  4. Operating method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that no-load operation is detected by measuring the torque (M) of the motor (1).
  5. Operating method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the no-load time (ΔT) is determined as a function of the previous loading on the motor (1).
  6. Operating method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the no-load time (ΔT) is reduced if the motor (1) has previously been operated in overload.
  7. Operating method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the motor (1) is switched over to the working speed (n1) as soon as a moment of load above the no-load moment is applied thereto.
  8. Operating method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the increased no-load speed (n2) is set if the motor (1) has been switched off and back on again and there is no moment of load acting on the motor.
  9. Power tool comprising an electronic control system (4) for the speed of its motor (1), the no-load operating speed of which is set at a value equal to a selected working speed (n1), characterised by an electronic control system (4) for increasing the speed of the motor to a predetermined increased no-load speed (n2) suitable for cooling if there is no moment of load (M2) acting on the motor.
  10. Power tool according to claim 9, characterised by a timing device (5) that sends a trigger signal (7) to the electronic control system (4) after a predetermined no-load time in order to increase the speed of the motor (1) to the increased no-load speed (n2).
  11. Power tool according to claim 9 or claim 10, characterised by a load-measuring device (6) that measures the motor current in order to detect no-load operation of the motor (1) and sends a no-load signal (8) to the timing device (5) and the electronic control system (4).
  12. Power tool according to claim 11, characterised in that the load-measuring device (6) measures the operating load of the motor (1) and sends a load signal (9) to the timing device (5) as a function of this load in order to determine a no-load time (ΔT).
  13. Power tool according to claim 12, characterised in that the timing device (5) sets a reduced no-load time (ΔT) if heavy loading on the motor has previously been measured by the load-measuring device (6).
  14. Power tool according to one of claims 11, 12 or 13, characterised in that the electronic control system (4) immediately sets the speed of the motor (1) at the working speed (n1) if the no-load signal (8) indicates that the motor is not being operated at no-load.
  15. Power tool according to claims 9 to 14, characterised in that the electronic control system (4) sets the speed of the motor (1) at the increased no-load speed (n2) if the motor has been switched off and back on again and there is no moment of load (M2) acting on the motor.
EP03104751.7A 2002-12-18 2003-12-17 Method of Operating and Cooling Device for the Motor of an Electric Tool Expired - Lifetime EP1431006B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10259372A DE10259372A1 (en) 2002-12-18 2002-12-18 Operating method and cooling device for the motor of a power tool
DE10259372 2002-12-18

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EP1431006A2 EP1431006A2 (en) 2004-06-23
EP1431006A3 EP1431006A3 (en) 2014-06-18
EP1431006B1 true EP1431006B1 (en) 2015-10-21

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EP (1) EP1431006B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4450612B2 (en)
DE (1) DE10259372A1 (en)

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EP1431006A2 (en) 2004-06-23
JP2004195643A (en) 2004-07-15
JP4450612B2 (en) 2010-04-14
EP1431006A3 (en) 2014-06-18
US6911793B2 (en) 2005-06-28
US20040189224A1 (en) 2004-09-30
DE10259372A1 (en) 2004-07-08

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