EP1378332A2 - Method of smoothing the surface of wood - Google Patents

Abstract

A process for smoothing the surface of wood, comprises pressing a thermoplastic filling material into openings in the surface and then hardening it. The material is liquid at temperatures between 60 and 350, especially 80 and 230 degrees C, and the material is applied at a pressure of 30-500, especially 90-400 bar. The thermoplastic binds in less than 15 minutes and is cooled down. A stamper is used to apply the material. A process for smoothing the surface of wood, comprises pressing a thermoplastic filling material into openings in the surface, e.g. cracks, holes etc., and then hardening it. The material is liquid at temperatures between 60 and 350, especially 80 and 230 degrees C, and the material is applied at a pressure of 30-500, especially 90-400 bar. The thermoplastic binds in less than 15 minutes and is cooled down. The thermoplastic is e.g. a vinyl acetate, amorphous polyolefin, polyurethane or polyamide. A stamper is used to apply the material.

Description

The invention relates to a method for leveling the surface of wood as well a device for performing the method.

Wood is a widely used natural material, but it occurs regularly Blemishes, such as cracks, branches and similar recesses on the surface, So glued, putty or putty need to be one for finishing to create a suitable surface. Knotty spots are particularly problematic in the processing of the surfaces. Branch discs tend to fall out, causing large holes or often showing star-shaped shrinkage cracks on.

Proposed solutions for creating a uniform surface without defects in the Wood is diverse. They range from cutting out the missing parts or breaking out the branch discs and inserting blind pieces up to the gluing of branch discs. DE 199 01 131 may be mentioned as an example of this. A disadvantage of this method is, for example, that the glue or glue is either not in the often narrow cracks and penetrate joints because they are so pasty. Other glues or glues are against it so thin that they are practically impossible to handle industrially.

Most of the proposed glue or glue becomes brittle, so that, in particular if the wood due to climatic fluctuations, also fluctuations in the Indoor climate, works (swells or disappears), the glue or glue does not blemish cover or fix more reliably. While the procedure described above according to DE 199 01 131 relating to the fixing of branches, there are also numerous Known methods for filling and cementing imperfections. Filler and putty In contrast to glues, they have low adhesive strength and are not able to penetrate narrow gap. In contrast, they have filling power and are used to balance larger defects used. Have the designations "glue" or "glue" developed historically, although the products named in this way are often the same Uses are used. In the following the terms are used as they usually occur without making the products functional be determined.

Apart from the physical properties, especially the viscosity, determined The suitability of adhesives and glues also depends on the chemical reactivity and the mechanical processing properties. Of many common in the wood sector Glues, e.g. B. white glue or Kauritleim, is known to stain poorly and have it painted. As far as glue and glue contain solvents, they react in often undesirable ways with the wood. Water as a solvent, e.g. B. with white glue, leads to swelling in the vicinity of the glue application. Organic solvents are harmful to health and for reasons of fire protection. For all solvents applies that glue and glue usually have a curing or setting time several hours to allow the solvent to dry.

Examples of known suggestions for correcting surface defects are, on the one hand DE-AS 24 51 639, in the plastic rods and epoxy resin with glass fiber fabric are processed. This procedure is only for the restoration of high quality components suitable. It is not suitable for industrial processing, among other things also because of the elaborate materials.

DE-OS 39 14 421 proposes cyanoacrylate glues with a particularly low viscosity To use consistency, which is then like a superglue should harden. The subject of surface treatment is the sealing of Resin pockets. The processing of such glues in industrial production is problematic, especially in the area of the nozzle, because the contact with atmospheric oxygen for hardening of the glue and clogs the nozzles. The short pot lives require a lot Precisely controlled working conditions, otherwise the thin glue the system also glue in other places. The embrittlement of these glues also speaks against a long-term effective solution.

It is therefore an object of the invention to propose a method with which permanent and the flaws in wood can be easily compensated. Further an apparatus for carrying out the method is to be proposed.

This object is achieved with a method for leveling the surface of Wood, in which a thermoplastic filling compound in cracks, branches, but also flat Defects and similar recesses are inserted or applied in the wooden surface, if necessary smoothed and then cured.

Surprisingly, it has been found that in itself a lower one Adhesive strength is sufficient to compensate for the imperfections in wooden surfaces, provided penetration of the adhesive into the narrow gaps and cracks in the wood is guaranteed. Thermoplastic fillers are used for processing wooden surfaces per se not used. Rather, either glue or glue is usually used for this, which have a much higher adhesive strength or filler or putty with a high level Filling power. Because some thermoplastic fillers have sufficient adhesive power also have good penetration even with capillary-like gaps, have proven to be suitable for fixing branches. In addition, these point thermoplastic fillers have a particularly high permanent elasticity, so that changes in shape of the wood, which are triggered by swelling and shrinking processes, do not cause the filling compound to crack. After all, she does that compared to usual used glue or glue very high filling power usable for Compensation of flat defects.

Basically, thermoplastic materials are suitable for the method according to the invention, those at temperatures of 60 ° C but preferably 80 ° C-230 ° C, maximum 350 ° C flow. Thermoplastic compositions which are between 100 ° C. and 190 ° C are flowable. Masses whose melting point is lower are difficult manageable and masses whose melting point is higher can be undesirable Fire discoloration of the wood leads or causes a high energy requirement to warm the mass. The applicator or pressure stamp according to the invention has according to a preferred embodiment, means for heating the thermoplastic Mass, which this mass then to the aforementioned temperatures and thus up to Warm fluidity.

The flowable thermoplastic mass is under pressure in the cavities to be filled introduced (injected) to fill them and expel air bubbles. The pressure when the thermoplastic composition is applied or introduced, it is between approx. 30 bar and approx. 500 bar, preferably between approx. 90 bar and approx. 400 bar. As particularly suitable has a working pressure between approx. 90 bar and approx. 250 bar. Will at lesser Pressed worked, so it can no longer be guaranteed to be that special either narrow gaps and cracks are filled. Higher pressure can only be achieved under high pressure Effort, for example, by designing the applicator to be pressure-resistant and thus unnecessarily increases the cost of the device according to the invention or the implementation of the method according to the invention. Alternatively, the pressure can also be generated by a pump be built up with which the flowable thermoplastic filling material is conveyed. The pressure stamp or applicator then prevents the thermoplastic from escaping Filling compound beyond the defect.

An essential prerequisite for good penetration is a fluid state lowest possible viscosity. The viscosity is preferably below 15,000 mPas, preferably below 10,000 mPas, particularly preferably below 5,000 mPas and very particularly preferably below 1,500 mPas. In addition, the flow-like, thermoplastic Bulk does not tend to form skin, as is known for higher viscosity thermoplastics is.

The time between the application or introduction of the thermoplastic mass in flowable Condition and solidification or hardening should be at least as long that the Defects on the wooden surface can be compensated in the desired way. As a rule, up to 15 seconds are sufficient for this. After application should be a particularly suitable thermoplastic mass within a few minutes, preferably less than 15 minutes, but particularly preferably in less than 2 minutes Harden. With suitable masses, this can be maintained without further measures become.

However, if the curing of the thermoplastic mass is to be accelerated further, then the time to cure e.g. B. by a cooling device, be it a blower or a cooling surface can be shortened. The cooling also makes it easy to loosen and removing the applicator or plunger from the wooden surface.

The thermoplastic compositions are also referred to below as hot melt adhesives. The processing properties of the water-free due to production and processing Hot melt adhesive has proven to be particularly advantageous because of this hot melt adhesive it is avoided to bring water into the processed wood. This will avoid swelling and subsequent shrinkage when drying the wood. In order to the use of hotmelt adhesives advantageously differs from the use of known ones water-containing glues such as B. white glue or kaurite glue.

Thermoplastic materials based on vinyl acetate have proven to be suitable. In particular, ethyl vinyl acetate (EtVA) is a hot melt adhesive that is used in industrial applications Melt the application without problems, apply or apply, smooth if necessary and let it harden. After curing, this hot melt adhesive is suitable for all processes for final surface treatment (planing, grinding, pigmenting, painting, glaze etc.) suitable. Hot melt adhesives based on amorphous are also suitable Polyolefins, polyurethanes or polyamides.

The method according to the invention offers the particular advantage that the previously customary Method for leveling surfaces after gluing branches and the treatment of resin gall with glue and the equalization flat Flaws with putty and filler were still required, namely mostly Repeating spatulas, drying and sanding are no longer necessary. The thermoplastic Masses offer the possibility of these previous multiple treatments, which are also very time consuming, with a single material in one Step.

The process according to the invention essentially teaches the application of the thermoplastic Mass and curing it. However, an expedient embodiment provides that either before or after the thermoplastic mass has cured, e.g. B. by a scraper or other suitable device Mass is removed, so that a smooth and balanced wooden surface is created. It is preferred that the applied and hardened thermoplastic mass not more than 3 mm, preferably not more than 1 mm above the surrounding wooden surface protrudes.

The device according to the invention for applying or introducing the thermoplastic Mass in the cavities to be filled includes a receptacle for the thermoplastic Mass, possibly a heating device for liquefying the mass, an application device to apply or insert the thermoplastic material into a crack or gap in the Wood surface. The inventive method is with such a device quite executable. However, it makes sense to add other elements to better meet the special requirements of industrial processing of wood suffice.

The device is preferably equipped with means for moving or it is on one Movable guide arranged, which allows the thermoplastic mass to be attached to each anywhere on the wooden surface. It is also advantageous that the device with means for applying or introducing the thermoplastic mass below Pressure is equipped. An applicator or pressure stamp with which the thermoplastic Mass is brought under pressure on or into the wood surface to deep or Filling capillary or flat recesses ensures that actually built a satisfactorily smooth surface in one step becomes. Alternatively, the one required for introducing the thermoplastic filling compound Pressure can also be applied by a pump that uses the flowable thermoplastic Filling mass is promoted.

This stamp is a component, the development of which as an independent inventive Performance is viewed. The purpose of the pressure stamp is to ensure that the flowable, distribute high-pressure thermoplastic mass quickly and evenly, in order to close the flaw to be filled in under optimal conditions.

The pressure stamp usually has a plate in which the nozzle is arranged which exits the flowable thermoplastic mass. Next is a pressure room or filling room provided that covers the flaw to be compensated and that when filling the flaw is filled by the thermoplastic mass. The pressure or filling space is only a few millimeters high, but covers in length and width or diameter the vast majority of defects, so that one defect in one operation can be compensated for by putting on the pressure stamp. The contour the filling space can be adapted to the usual contours of the defects, angular, round or oval. If necessary, several printing stamps can also be provided, each with differently contoured filling spaces. Then - corresponding detection assuming the dimensions of the defect, the appropriate stamp be selected to compensate for the defect.

The contour of the pressure stamp or the filling space, which is used to rest on the wooden surface is preferably surrounded by means for delimitation. To a particularly complete and fast filling of recesses or tears and - To ensure gaps on the wood surface, it is appropriate to use means to delimit or to seal the defect that is to be compensated, so that in the area the printing area and processing conditions are as optimal as possible. These means for delimiting the defect are advantageously formed as an edge that with predetermined force is placed on the wood surface and possibly slightly into it penetrates to an undesirable pressure loss during application or application to ensure thermal mass in the defect to be compensated. alternative can use the means for sealing as flat or as flexible sealing rings be trained. At the same time, these means of sealing prevent the thermoplastic Mass emerges outside the intended contact surface. So ensure the means of sealing economical use of thermoplastic Dimensions.

The edge or the sealing ring can be round or polygonal, it is advantageously chosen so that that they have the majority of the usual imperfections of the wooden surface to be leveled embraces. If desired, several edges or sealing rings can be used as a means for Boundaries can be arranged concentrically around the filling space. A rectangular one Pressure stamp or sealing ring has proven to be favorable when compensating for side branches.

The filling space can be used for faster distribution of the flowable thermoplastic mass be equipped with flow channels. These flow channels are optionally radial and / or arranged in a circle. The optimal number of flow channels can be determined by a few determine a few trials, it essentially depends on the area and the contour of the filling space. The cross section of the flow channels can be rounded or angled his. Which cross-section is advantageous in an individual case depends on whether the Cross-section allows a quick distribution of the thermoplastic mass and whether when the pressure stamp is lifted off the wooden surface, the impression, i.e. the release the thermoplastic mass from the surface of the stamp, trouble-free he follows.

According to an advantageous development of the device according to the invention, it has Means for removing excess, hardened thermoplastic mass. This Means for removal start after the thermoplastic mass has hardened and remove any excess, for example by rotating knives or milling thermoplastic mass, which is created by filling the cavity, the the means for sealing is formed. As a rule, the device is for balancing the wooden surface is stationary and the workpiece is guided past the device. The excess thermoplastic mass can be removed in the case of rapidly curing Masses take place shortly after application, i.e. only a short distance after the application or introduction of the thermoplastic mass. This will make the entire process of balancing carried out over a short time and distance and completed.

Fig. 1

einen Schnitt durch die schematische Darstellung einer ersten Ausrührungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Auftragen von thermoplastischer Masse auf eine Holzoberfläche;

Fig. 2

einen Schnitt durch die schematische Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Auftragen von thermoplastischer Masse auf eine Holzoberfläche;

Fig. 3 a, b

schematische Darstellungen von Druckstempeln mit Fließkanälen

Fig. 4 a, b, c

schematische Schnitt-Darstellungen von Druckstempeln mit Mitteln zum Abdichten

Fig. 5 a, b, c

schematische Schnitt-Darstellungen des Querschnitts von Fließkanälen

Details of the method and the device according to the invention are explained in more detail below using the example of some exemplary embodiments. Show it:

Fig. 1

a section through the schematic representation of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention for applying thermoplastic material to a wooden surface;

Fig. 2

a section through the schematic representation of a second embodiment of the device according to the invention for applying thermoplastic material to a wooden surface;

3 a, b

schematic representations of pressure stamps with flow channels

Fig. 4 a, b, c

schematic sectional views of stamps with means for sealing

5 a, b, c

schematic sectional views of the cross section of flow channels

The method according to the invention is based on the fact that a thermoplastic filling compound melted by a suitable device (e.g. "applicator") and in the molten liquid Condition under pressure is injected into the cracks in the wood where it cools down has a firm, mechanically editable consistency.

The molten state of the thermoplastic filling compound is either outside of the applicator or within the applicator by heating to a suitable temperature (Processing temperature) reached. Preferred embodiments of the applicator are described below.

Fig. 1 shows an applicator 2, by introducing a thermoplastic filler fix a branch piece 6 loosely stuck in a wooden plank 4 and thus the surface 8 the wooden board 4 should be even. The thermoplastic filling compound is in the annular gap 10 introduced and glued the branch 6 in the wooden plank 4th

The applicator 2 has a receptacle 12 for the thermoplastic to be introduced into the gap 10 Mass 11, in the present case ethyl vinyl acetate. The ethyl vinyl acetate 11 is through an access 14 at about 160 ° C in melted, flowable Condition passed into the receptacle 12. It is basically conceivable that the supply of the ethyl vinyl acetate takes place without pressure, but it is preferred that the thermoplastic Mass 11 is pumped into the receptacle 12 through the access 14.

The receptacle 12 is preferably made of a pressure and heat-resistant housing 16 Metal, arranged. The housing can be heated, at least in the area of the receptacle 12, to ensure the flowable state of the thermoplastic mass 11.

The housing 16 is slidably arranged in a pressure cylinder 18 which is connected to a first, pressure-generating source 19 (not shown here), usually a pneumatic pressure generator, but also a hydraulic pressure generator is conceivable, connected is. The pressure cylinder 18 is installed in a stationary manner. In the operating state by the between the housing 16 and the pressure cylinder 20 in the pressure chamber 22 a pressure is built up, which causes the housing 16 to hit the wooden surface 8 is pressed. The pressure chamber 22 is pressure-tight against one that penetrates the pressure chamber Stamp 20 sealed.

The pressure stamp 20 is displaceable in the upwardly open end of the housing 16 arranged. It is connected to a second, pressure-generating source (not shown here) in connection. The pressure stamp 20 is inserted in the pressure cylinder 18 and permeates this. The lower end of the pressure stamp 20 protrudes into the receptacle 12 and forms a second pressure chamber 24 there with the housing 16 Pressure stamp 20 pressure built up will generally be less than that by the Printing cylinder 18 built up pressure. The pressure force generated by the pressure stamp 20 acts in the direction of the arrows "P", as does the pressure force exerted by the pressure cylinder 18 is built.

The housing 16 is on its lower, the wooden surface 8 to be compensated End provided with a boundary 26 which has an outer annulus 28, which encloses a flat cavity 30. The circular ring penetrates in the operating state 28 possibly a few fractions as a result of the pressure built up by the pressure cylinder 18 of millimeters or a few millimeters into the wooden surface 8. So far after the penetration of the circular ring 28 has an impression in the wooden surface 8 has this did not prove to be a problem since the wooden surface 8 was still finished anyway must be removed so that any markings can be removed.

The boundary 26 is penetrated by a nozzle 32. This nozzle 32, here as an annular nozzle trained, the lockable connection between the receptacle 12 and the Wooden surface 8 for applying or introducing the thermoplastic mass 11 here. Becomes through the pressure stamp 20 pressure of approx. 320 bar on the receptacle 12 and the therein located, flowable thermoplastic mass 11 applied, the nozzle opens 32 and the thermoplastic mass flows from the nozzle 32 onto the wooden surface. Due to the pressure generated by the pressure stamp 20, the mass 11 is then also in introduced the gap 10 and thereby glued the branch 6 with the wood 4th

The thermoplastic mass 1 "swings" to the width of the wooden surface 8 excluded because the delimitation 26 creates a precisely delimited cavity 30. If this cavity 30 is filled with ethyl vinyl acetate, pressure equalization is established and no further thermoplastic mass emerges. A breakdown or a decrease of the pressure applied by the plunger 20 causes the nozzle 32 closes. The leveling of the wooden surface is now complete.

Accordingly, after the nozzle 32 is closed, the pressure in the first pressure chamber 22 dismantled and the housing 16 detaches from the wooden surface 8. The wooden board 4 is then shifted further and it becomes the next flaw on the wooden surface 8 balanced. The example in Fig. 1 shows the fixation of a branch 6, just as can but unevenness is compensated for, which is usually not due to glue but were filled with filler or putty. The high filling power of the thermoplastic Mass causes all bumps with only one device or one Material can be compensated.

The applied thermoplastic composition 11 hardens on the wood surface or in the filled gaps 10 or cracks and can be removed after a short time by grinding, milling, Planing or other machining processes customary for wooden surfaces editable. It should be emphasized that the tools do not stick together was found.

Possibly. the curing of the thermoplastic mass can be accelerated by after the applicator 2, a cooling device acts on the thermoplastic composition. The cooling can be done in different ways, by ventilation (cold air), by Applying cooling elements or coolants and other practices that are have proven their worth in industrial applications.

It can be seen as advantageous in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 that the application the flowable thermoplastic mass 11 independently controlled by the nozzle 32 is from the pressing of the housing 16 with the delimitation arranged below 26. This ensures that the delimitation 26 - if necessary - the undesired Counteracts spreading of the thermoplastic mass.

An alternative to processing already flowable thermoplastic mass the applicator shown in Fig. 2. So far the same components for this applicator same reference numerals are used.

Fig. 2 shows an applicator 2, which is used to process non-flowable thermoplastic Mass, usually suitable from granules. The applicator instructs Housing 16, which has an upwardly open receptacle 12. In the picture 12 granulated thermoplastic mass is filled. The receptacle 12 is funnel-shaped and opens down into a melting area 34 that extends to the nozzle 32. The melting range is surrounded by a temperature jacket 36. By switching on of the tempering jacket 36, the granules are heated and liquefied. As soon as the thermoplastic mass 11 is in a flowable state, it is for application on the wood surface suitable.

Under the housing 16, a delimitation is comparable to the embodiment from FIG 26 arranged, the outer circular ring 28 encloses a cavity 30. function and mode of operation are identical to for the delimitation 26 shown in FIG the delimitation described above in connection with FIG. 1.

The applicator 2 according to FIG. 2 has a pressure stamp 20 which is not with one here source shown for applying a compressive force is connected. The pressure acts in the direction of arrow P. The pressure stamp 20 is in or through the receptacle 12 used through. It transfers the pressure to the thermoplastic mass 11, which in the receptacle 12 or in the melting area 34 is present.

In the operating state there is flowable in the receptacle 12 or in the melting area 34 thermoplastic mass 11. The pressure stamp 20 transmits pressure of approx. 250 bar on this mass 11 and thus also on the nozzle 32, the housing 16 and the delimitation 26. The above-mentioned pressure of approx. 250 bar prevails in the small cross section of the Melting area 34. The applicator is thus placed on the wooden surface 8 and the boundary 26 engages in the wood surface with a depth of penetration of a few Fractions of millimeters, at most a few millimeters.

By striking the wooden surface 8, the nozzle 32 is opened and the flowable Mass 11 flows out into the gap 10 or other unevenness in the wooden surface 8 that need to be balanced. An undesirable, uncontrolled spreading of the wood surface 8 is prevented by the delimitation 26. However, it should be noted that, unlike the embodiment according to FIG. 1-, there is no relative pressure difference between the melting area 34 and the thermoplastic mass 11 on the one hand and delimitation 26, on the other hand, exists. This can be used for a variety of applications be readily accepted. However, in difficult application conditions, z. B. the filling of very narrow gaps and cracks, lifting the applicator 2 and thus a possibly short-term loss of thermoplastic Dimensions outside of the defect to be machined cannot always be excluded.

3a shows a schematic illustration of a pressure stamp 20 with a top view to the pressure or filling space. The outlet opening of the nozzle 32 is arranged centrally. It is surrounded by a cavity 36, from which eight flow channels 38 extend radially extend. Fig. 3b shows a similar representation of the pressure stamp 20 with radial Flow channels 38 extending from a central cavity 36. The radial Flow channels 38, however, open into one at the outer edge of the cavity or filling space 30 flow channel 40 arranged radially, approximately in the form of a rounded square.

4a shows a pressure stamp 20 with a centrally arranged outlet opening for the nozzle 32, which opens into a cavity 36. The pressure stamp 20 is with a recess 42 provided into which a sealing washer 44 with a rectangular cross section is inserted is. The sealing washer 44 is made of rubber and seals when it is applied or introduced the thermoplastic mass against the wooden surface against the cavity or filling 30 the environment. The sealing washer, which acts as a means of sealing or delimiting the thermoplastic material is used against the environment, even when pressed of the pressure stamp on the wooden surface compresses and in turn compresses the wooden surface. This compressed area is used in later processing steps the wooden surface such as b. Planing or grinding removed.

4b shows a pressure stamp 20 with the same material as the pressure stamp machined pressure edges 45a, 45b. Stamp 20 and the concentric arranged pressure edges 45 a, b are made of metal. The pressure edges 45 a, b have an approximately triangular cross section and delimit the cavity or filling space 30 against the environment when the thermoplastic mass is applied or introduced. The tips 46 of the pressure edges 45 a, b press into the wooden surface. But impressions caused by this will also become apparent in later processing steps ablated.

4c shows a further embodiment of a pressure stamp 20, in which a pressure ring 48 is formed in one piece with the pressure stamp 20. Printing stamp and Pressure ring 48 are made of metal. The pressure ring 48 presses when the thermoplastic mass with a rounded surface in the wood surface and compressed this. These compressed areas of the wood surface will also appear in later Editing steps removed so that it does not become a permanent disadvantage Change in the wood surface is coming.

Fig. 5a shows a schematic representation of the cross section of a flow channel 38, which as simple groove with inclined walls 50 is executed. 5b shows the same schematic representation of a flow channel 38 with a trapezoidal cross section. The Walls 50 of the flow channel 38 face the surface 52 of the pressure stamp 20 widest distance. 5c shows a flow channel 38 with a rounded cross section.

Claims (21)

Process for leveling the surface of wood using a thermoplastic Filling compound in recesses in the surface of the wood, in particular Crevices, cracks or in knotholes, or smoothed, if necessary, and then is cured. The method of claim 1, wherein a thermoplastic filler is used is at temperatures between 60 ° C and 350 ° C, preferably at temperatures between 80 ° C and 230 ° C, particularly preferably between 100 ° C and 190 ° C is flowable. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the thermoplastic mass is applied or introduced under pressure into the recesses in the surface of the wood. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the pressure applied is between approximately 30 bar and approximately 500 bar, preferably between approximately 90 bar and approximately 400 bar, particularly preferably between approximately 90 bar and approximately 250 bar. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a thermoplastic composition is selected which, after being applied or introduced into the recesses in the wood surface, in less than 15 minutes, preferably in less than 2 minutes, particularly preferably in less than 30 Sets seconds. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cooling of the thermoplastic mass after the application or introduction into the recesses in the wood surface is accelerated by means of cooling. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that means are provided for removing excess liquid or hardened thermoplastic material. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermoplastic composition is selected from the group consisting of vinyl acetates, amorphous polyolefins, polyurethanes and polyamides. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that ethyl vinyl acetate (EtVA) is used as a thermoplastic composition. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermoplastic composition, when applied to the wood, has a viscosity of up to 15,000 mPas, preferably up to 10,000 mPas, particularly preferably up to 5,000 mPas, very particularly preferably up to 1,500 has mPas. Device for applying or introducing thermoplastic material into recesses in a wooden surface a receptacle 12 for a thermoplastic material 11 to be inserted or inserted into recesses 10 in the wooden surface 8, optionally a device 34 for liquefying the thermoplastic mass 11 and an application device 32 for applying or introducing the thermoplastic material 11 into recesses 10 in the wooden surface 8. Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized by means 20, 26 for introducing the thermoplastic mass 11 into recesses 10 of the wooden surface 8 under pressure, these means 20, 26 on the one hand having a pressure generator 20 and on the other hand a delimitation 26 which are attached to the application device 16 , 32, and which, in the operating state of the device 2, delimits the recess 10 to be compensated on the wooden surface 8 from the surroundings. Apparatus according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the application device 16, 32 for applying or introducing the thermoplastic mass 11 into recesses 10 of the wooden surface 8 is designed to withstand a pressure of approximately 100 to approximately 500 bar, preferably of approximately 200 bar to approximately 400 bar, particularly preferably from approximately 250 bar to approximately 350 bar, to be applied to the thermoplastic composition 11. Apparatus according to claim 11, 12 or 13, characterized in that the application device 16, 32 for applying or introducing the thermoplastic mass 11 into recesses 10 in the wooden surface 8 or the means 34 for liquefying the thermoplastic mass are designed for the thermoplastic mass 11 to temperatures between 60 ° C and 350 ° C, preferably between 80 ° C and 230 ° C, particularly preferably between 100 ° C and 190 ° C. Device according to at least one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that means are provided for cooling the thermoplastic material 11 applied to the wooden surface 8. Pressure stamp with an outlet opening of a nozzle arranged thereon with a filling chamber, which in the operating state for applying a flowable serves thermoplastic mass on a wooden surface. Pressure stamp according to claim 16, characterized in that the pressure stamp has means for delimiting which delimit the filling space. Pressure stamp according to claim 16, characterized in that the filling space has flow channels which are arranged radially and / or in a circle. Printing stamp according to claim 17, characterized in that the means for delimiting lie on the wooden surface when compensating for a defect with an edge or a surface. Pressure stamp according to claim 17, characterized in that several means for delimiting are arranged concentrically. Pressure stamp according to claim 18, characterized in that the flow channels have a rounded or an angular cross-section.

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