EP1203923A2 - Wärmeaustauscher, insbesondere für Kondensations-Wäschetrockner - Google Patents
Wärmeaustauscher, insbesondere für Kondensations-Wäschetrockner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1203923A2 EP1203923A2 EP01125856A EP01125856A EP1203923A2 EP 1203923 A2 EP1203923 A2 EP 1203923A2 EP 01125856 A EP01125856 A EP 01125856A EP 01125856 A EP01125856 A EP 01125856A EP 1203923 A2 EP1203923 A2 EP 1203923A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tubes
- heat exchanger
- exchanger according
- fins
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/001—Casings in the form of plate-like arrangements; Frames enclosing a heat exchange core
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
- F28F1/022—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with multiple channels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/126—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element consisting of zig-zag shaped fins
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
- F28F21/062—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material the heat-exchange apparatus employing tubular conduits
Definitions
- the invention relates to a heat exchanger in the preamble of claim 1 specified genus.
- Heat exchangers of this type are known in numerous embodiments. You serve when used on tumble dryers, the purpose of drying room to guide incoming, moist process air through process air channels and at the same time to cool with ambient or room air flowing through cooling air ducts.
- the Heat exchangers act as condensers for the process air, and from this condensing water drips into a collecting vessel. The process air thus dried is returned to the drying room after heating.
- the process air and cooling air channels are usually perpendicular to each other, so that the heat exchanger in cross flow is flowed through by the process air and the cooling air.
- Heat exchangers made entirely of metal of the type described at the beginning work perfectly with regard to the desired heat exchange.
- GB-PS 885 150 DE 30 27 900 A1, DE 195 05 641 A1, DE 197 19 258, DE 198 01 609 A1, DE 38 11 504 U1, DE 296 14 186 U1, DE 296 19 653 U1, EP 0 881 448 A2, US Pat. No. 4,570,700).
- heat exchangers made entirely of plastic can be used at the beginning designated genus are comparatively inexpensive to manufacture (e.g. EP 0 044 561 A2, EP 0 429 953 B1, DE 198 38 525 A1, DE 198 53 526 A1).
- heat exchangers interfere with the poor heat conduction of the plastics to be used or the resulting poor heat transfer, especially on the Cooling air side.
- Even common means in the form of webs, profiles, slats or the like. in or on the cooling air ducts hardly lead to the desired products Heat transfer coefficient and heat exchange area. This also applies if instead of individual tubes multi-tube or multi-chamber profiles are used (DE 39 29 004 A1).
- the invention is therefore based on the technical problem of the heat exchanger to initially form the genus so that it on the one hand good heat conduction and Has heat transfer properties, but on the other hand inexpensive and with a comparatively low total weight can be produced.
- the invention is based on the idea of the advantages of plastic and metal materials to combine.
- usual Plastics such as B. Thermoplastics used while where the heat conduction magnifying agents must be provided from metals such.
- B. aluminum manufactured slats, baffles or the like. are provided.
- pipes and frame made of plastic also has the advantage that inexpensive connection methods can be applied by the pipes and frames z. B. by Plastic welding processes are interconnected.
- the tubes 1 and 2 schematically show a large number of individual tubes Pipes 1, which have oval cross sections and parallel in a plurality of planes one above the other and in each level in a plurality of columns in parallel next to each other are arranged.
- the tubes 1 have wide wall sections 2 and narrow wall sections 3 on and are arranged in the embodiment so that within each level each have their narrow wall sections 3 facing each other, whereas in superimposed levels each facing the wide wall sections 2 are.
- the tubes 1 are arranged at preselected intervals so that between them channels 4 (Fig. 1) are present.
- the tubes 1 are preferably used as flow channels for moist process air coming from a drying room, while channels 4 serve as flow channels for cooling air arranged perpendicular to the tubes 1 and with Thermally conductive elements in the form of fins 5 are provided, which, for. B. from meandering Shaped strips known per se in heat exchangers and the tubes 1 facing, with their wide wall sections 2 coming to the broad sides 5a exhibit.
- the fins 5 fill the channels 4 in a central part of the heat exchanger preferably completely out while in front in the outer sections and leave free pipe ends 1a (Fig. 1) at the rear.
- FIG. 3 shows when the heat exchanger is inserted into openings 6 of frame 7, which are attached to the front or rear end of the heat exchanger and the Keep pipes 1 at a distance.
- the tubes 1 and frame 7 consist of a plastic, e.g. B. one Thermoplastic in the form of a polyolefin (PE, PP) or polyester (PET, PBT or ABS). You can therefore z. B. by extrusion, blow molding, injection molding or. The like. Can be produced inexpensively. Also the connection of the tubes 1 and Frame 7 can be inexpensive, d. H. without the use of adhesives or the like. B. by well-known plastic welding processes such as ultrasonic, vibration, friction, thermal contact, Induction, laser or heating element welding can be done as in Fig. 3 is indicated by blackened welds 8. The pipe ends 1a can be expanded slightly for this purpose. In contrast, the slats 5 according to the invention from good heat-conducting metals, and their production takes place, for. B. in that thin aluminum strips are folded in a meandering shape.
- a plastic e.g. B. one Thermoplastic in the form of a polyolefin (PE,
- the tubes 1 and fins 5 are elastically clamped together.
- Fig. 3 shown on a heat exchanger, the tubes 1 to facilitate the Representation are arranged in only one plane and analogous to FIGS. 1 and 2 together with one in FIG. 3 lying above or below a slat 5 held together by the frame 7 Form a stack.
- This stack is from both sides by one Side part 9 (or an end plate) braced with its ends in a form-fitting manner corresponding recesses 10 of the frame 7 protrudes and with its upper or lower broad side on a broad side facing it of an associated lamella 5 is applied.
- An elastic bracing is achieved in that at least one Side part 9 in the relaxed state from a plate-shaped, but pre-bent Sheet metal part exists, the one facing the lamella 5 and coming into contact with it Broadside is convex, as shown schematically by a dash-dotted line in FIG. 3 side part 9a shown is indicated.
- the assembly of the different parts z. B. in that from the tubes 1, the fins 5 and the side parts 9a formed stack with a press or the like. Compressed so that the side parts 9a from the pre-bent shape into one shown in FIG. 3 with solid lines, be brought substantially plane-parallel shape 9.
- the heat exchanger according to the invention preferably has an additional means for Improvement of the heat transfer caused by the elastic tension or thermally conductive contact.
- This agent contains e.g. B. the respective pipe shape adapted broad sides 5a of the slats 5, expediently at least those Broad sides 5a are adapted, which abut the tubes 1.
- the wide wall sections 2 of the tubes 1 are open and have hence like this, an essentially oval or parabolic contour.
- the recesses 5b have, as shown in particular in FIG. 1, in the assembled state furthermore the effect of securing the slats 5 against displacement across the tube axes, which means that even with thin walls of the various parts an overall stable block formation is achieved.
- the Pipes 1 are provided with different wall thicknesses for this purpose.
- the tube outer walls and / or the facing broad sides 5a of the fins 5 for Improvement of the heat transfer can be covered with a thermal paste.
- the block consists of tubes 1 arranged in several planes, then in each case both opposite broad sides 5a of the slats 5 with the depressions 5b provided. It goes without saying that in the exemplary embodiment like the Broad sides 5a are not continuously continuous (FIG. 1), but from them bordering sections of the meandering aluminum strips are formed.
- the Multi-chamber profile 14 contains a plurality of parallel and without dead spaces next to each other lying tubes 15, the top and bottom in Fig. 4 by wide side walls 16 and right and left are limited by narrow webs 17 and one self-contained Form chamber or a channel. Each have two adjacent tubes 15 a web 17 arranged between them in common. The broad ones, between two Wall sections 16 arranged in webs are oval or similar to the tubes 1 (FIG. 1) or convex outwards. Are more pipes 15 required than one of the chambers Corresponds to multi-chamber profile 14, several multi-chamber profiles 14 are side by side or according to FIGS. 5 and 6 arranged in several planes one above the other.
- the Multi-chamber profiles 14 are made of plastic according to the invention and can be inexpensive z. B. can be produced by extrusion.
- FIGS. 1 and 3 there are 14 between the individual multi-chamber profiles or on their two sides forming the wide wall sections 16 each made of metal existing slats 18 arranged, the z. B. from the slats 5 of FIGS. 1 to 3 meandering folded aluminum strips are made, but across the axes of the Pipes 15 have a consistently constant thickness in the manner of a plane-parallel plate.
- the multi-chamber profiles 15 are at the ends left free by the slats 18 14a (FIG. 4) held in plastic frame 19 (FIG. 5), which frame 7 according to FIG. 3 to the same in the difference that they have openings 20 with a width of the multi-chamber profiles 14 have the appropriate length.
- FIG. 5 shows, one of at least one multi-chamber profile 14 and one associated slat formed stack on the top and possibly also the bottom by one Side part 21 elastically clamped to a stable heat exchanger block.
- one of the side parts 21 is relaxed like the side part 9a according to FIG. 3 Condition pre-curved convex, in the assembled condition, however, with its ends shaped like a leaf spring into a substantially plane-parallel plate by its ends are positively received in corresponding recesses 22 of the frame 19 are. Otherwise, the side parts 21 extend between the frames 19 the entire width and depth of the heat exchanger (Fig. 5).
- each multi-chamber profile 14 a plurality of contains tubes 15 arranged next to one another, the convex curvature of the individual Broad sides or wall sections 16 is selected so that it is due to the assembly of the elastic pressure are pressed into a substantially flat shape (FIG. 6), whereby there is an intimate contact between the wide wall sections 16 and Broad sides of the fins 18 and good heat transfer between the process air side (Tubes 15) and the cooling air side (fins 18).
- the heat exchanger according to FIGS. 4 and 5 is assembled analogously to that according to FIG. 1 to 3.
- the connection of the multi-chamber profiles 14 and the frame 19 takes place as in 1 to 3 expediently by welding.
- the multi-chamber profiles 14 have their in FIGS. 4 and 5 right and left side surfaces z. B. each have a retaining web 23 projecting above their height, as indicated in the left part of FIG. 6. This holding webs 23 lay in the assembled State from the outside to the lamellae 18 lying between the multi-chamber profiles 14 and thereby prevent their lateral displacement.
- the right and left side surfaces of the slats 18 with their height-superior retaining webs 24, which are mounted in the State from the outside to the multi-chamber profiles 14 lying between the slats 18 create and thereby prevent lateral displacements of the slats 18.
- first and second tubes 26, 27 in the form of multi-chamber profiles and first and second frames 28, 29 each form structural units made from one piece Plastic injection molded parts are made.
- the Heat exchanger composed of three parts, namely the first, z. B. front frame 28 and the attached first tubes 26, the second, for. B. rear frame 29 and the attached second tubes 27 and between the Pipes 26, 27 to be arranged, here wavy or also corresponding to FIGS. 4 to 6 trained slats 30 with the same thickness throughout.
- each coaxially Passages 31 are aligned, which pass through the frames 28, 29 to the tubes 26, 27 analogous to FIGS. 3 and 5 with to be arranged on the outer sides of the frames 28, 29 To be able to connect collecting boxes or the like.
- the first and second tubes 26 and 27 alternately arranged in different planes
- the frame 28 three in FIG. 7 first and the frame 29 forms two second tube levels and each a level of Tubes 27 is arranged between two levels of tubes 26.
- the tubes 26 and 27 have tapering cross sections on, which are largest in the area of the associated frame 28, 29 and in the direction their free ends gradually decrease. Among other things, this facilitates demolding of the units 26, 28 and 27, 29 in their manufacture by injection molding Plastic.
- the frames 28, 29 have further passages 32 between the passages 31. These are dimensioned and shaped so that they can accommodate the free ends of those tubes 26, 27 which are attached to the other frame 28, 29. Therefore, the two units consisting of the frame 28 and the tubes 26 or of the frame 29 and the tubes 27, each made in one piece, are moved towards one another in the direction shown by FIG. 7 in the direction of arrows v , w until the free ones
- the ends of the tubes 26, 27 each enter the associated passages 32 of the frames 28, 29, a block is obtained analogously to FIGS. 1 to 3, in which the free ends of the individual tubes 26, 27 and the frames 28, 29 are preferably through Welding can be connected.
- the cross-sectional tapering of the tubes 26, 27 are preferably uniform throughout. This results in between the assembly of the two units the tubes 26, 27 channels with a substantially constant height throughout, which the Arrangement and uniform contact of slats 30 with the same thickness throughout enables and facilitates. It is also clear that the passages 31, 32 in the manner of a Grid are distributed in the frame 28, 29, as is the arrangement of the the frame 28, 29 attached pipes corresponds.
- such a dimensioning of the cross-sectional tapering of the tubes 26, 27 is preferably provided that when the frames 28, 29 approach in the direction of the arrows v and w, the previously inserted fins 30 analogously to the exemplary embodiments according to FIG. 1 to 6 elastically biased transversely to the tubes 26, 27 and thereby brought into good heat-conducting contact therewith.
- the means could consist of providing the tubes 26, 27 with trapezoidal or oval cross sections, analogously to FIGS. 1 to 6, in order to additionally elastically deform their wide wall sections and / or to provide pre-bent side parts 33 which fit in recesses 34 of the frames 28, 29 are inserted and brace the entire block elastically.
- the outer cross sections of the tubes 38 with a certain Excess manufactured with regard to the inner cross sections of the collar 39 so that the Collar 39 elastically spread when the tubes 38 are inserted into the openings 37 and be resiliently applied to the outer walls of the tubes 38, which ensures good heat transfer is ensured.
- the collar 39 can be continuous in the circumferential direction trained or only partially, e.g. B. in the area of the wide wall sections the tubes 38 may be provided.
- Plastic frames can be analogous to FIGS. 1 to 8 be formed and connected to the tubes 38 by welding. Moreover 4 to 6, the tubes 38 can be realized by multi-chamber profiles.
- An advantage of the embodiment of FIGS. 9 and 10 is that the biased Side parts can be omitted.
- the invention has the advantage that on the side of the pipes (e.g. process air side) smooth and therefore insensitive to dirt on the side of the In contrast, fins or baffles (e.g. cooling air side) have large heat exchange surfaces high heat conduction can be obtained in the individual surface sections, as z. B. at the application of the heat exchanger described in tumble dryers is desired.
- side of the pipes e.g. process air side
- baffles e.g. cooling air side
- the invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments described, which are based on can be modified in many ways. That applies e.g. B. for those used in individual cases Pipe shapes, since the pipes are especially different from those shown Arches and cross sections can be provided.
- the tubes can also be used Required inside with known webs or the like which increase their surface area. be provided, which are of little use in terms of their heat conduction, but one can give increased stability. Also the combination of single pipes and Multi-chamber tubes possible within one and the same heat exchanger. Further depend on the number of pipes and fins or guide plates used and the number of pipe levels provided for each heat exchanger entirely depending on the needs of the individual case from.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (22)
- Wärmeaustauscher, insbesondere für Kondensations-Wäschetrockner, mit einer Vielzahl von an ihren Enden abgedichtet in Öffnungen (6, 20, 32) von Rahmen (7, 19, 28, 29) befestigten Rohren (1, 15, 26, 27, 38) und einer Vielzahl von zwischen den Rohren (1, 15, 26, 27, 38) angeordneten Kanälen (4), in denen Wärmeleitelemente (5, 18, 30, 36) angeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rahmen (7,19, 28, 29) und Rohre (1, 15, 26, 27, 38) aus Kunststoff bestehen, während die Wärmeleitelemente (5, 18, 30, 36) aus Metall hergestellt und durch elastische Verspannung wärmeleitend mit den Rohren (1, 15, 26, 27, 38) verbunden sind.
- Wärmeaustauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel aus gefalteten, aus Metall hergestellten Lamellen (5, 18, 30) bestehen, die an den Rohren (1, 15, 26, 27) zur Anlage kommende Breitseiten (z. B. 5a) aufweisen.
- Wärmeaustauscher nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rohre (1) aus ovale Querschnitte aufweisenden Einzelrohren bestehen.
- Wärmeaustauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er ein Mittel zur Verbesserung des Wärmeübergangs zwischen den Rohren (1, 15,26, 27, 38) und den Wärmeleitelementen (5, 18, 30, 36) aufweist.
- Wärmeaustauscher nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Mittel an die Rohrform angepaßte Vertiefungen (5b) in den Breitseiten (5a) der Lamellen (5) enthält.
- Wärmeaustauscher nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vertiefungen (5b) mit größeren Krümmungsradien als die Breitseiten (5a) ausgebildet sind.
- Wärmeaustauscher nacheinander Ansprüche 3 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß übereinander gestapelte Lamellen (5) und zwischen deren Breitseiten angeordnete Rohre (1) einen Stapel bilden, der durch zwei an gegenüberliegenden Seiten angeordnete Seitenteile (9, 9a) elastisch verspannt ist.
- Wärmeaustauscher nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rohre (15) durch Mehrkammerprofile (14) gebildet sind, die eine Mehrzahl von nebeneinander liegenden, parallelen Kammern aufweisen.
- Wärmeaustauscher nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Mittel nach außen gewölbte, den Lamellen (18) zugewandte Wandabschnitte (16) der Rohre (15) enthält.
- Wärmeaustauscher nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Lamellen (18) eine im wesentlichen konstante Dicke aufweisen.
- Wärmeaustauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Mehrzahl von abwechselnd übereinander gestapelten Lamellen (18) und dazwischen angeordneten Mehrkammerprofilen (14) einen Stapel bildet und der Stapel durch zwei an gegenüberliegenden Enden angeordneten Seitenteilen (21) elastisch verspannt ist.
- Wärmeaustauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Seitenteile (9, 9a, 21) aus vorgebogenen, durch Formschluß in den Rahmen (7, 19) gehaltenen Platten bestehen.
- Wärmeaustauscher nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Mittel Rohre (26, 27) mit in entgegengesetzten Richtungen sich verjüngenden Querschnitten enthält und die Lamellen (30) jeweils zwischen zwei Rohrebenen angeordnet sind und im wesentlichen konstante Dicken aufweisen.
- Wärmeaustauscher nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in einer Richtung verjüngten Rohre (26) mit ihren den größten Querschnitt aufweisenden Enden an einem ersten Rahmen (28) und die in entgegengesetzter Richtung verjüngten Rohre (27) mit ihren den größten Querschnitt aufweisenden Enden an einem zweiten Rahmen (29) befestigt sind und die Rahmen (28, 29) Durchgänge (32) zur Aufnahme der freien Enden der jeweils am anderen Rahmen (28, 29) befestigten Rohre (26, 27) aufweisen.
- Wärmeaustauscher nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elastische Verspannung der Lamellen (30) durch Einstecken und Befestigen der freien Enden der Rohre (26, 27) in die Durchgänge (32) der Rahmen (28, 29) erfolgt.
- Wärmeaustauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rohre (26, 27) aus Einzelrohren oder Mehrkammerprofilen bestehen.
- Wärmeaustauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rohre (26, 27) und die Rahmen (28, 29) zu zwei einstückig hergestellten Kunststoff-Spritzgußteilen zusammengefaßt sind.
- Wärmeaustauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rohre (1, 15, 26, 27) durch Schweißen mit den Rahmen (7, 19, 28, 29) verbunden sind.
- Wärmeaustauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er Verschiebungen zwischen den Rohren (1, 15) und Lamellen (5, 18) verhindernde Verschiebesicherungen (5b, 23, 24) aufweist.
- Wärmeaustauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wärmeleitelemente aus elastisch auf die Rohre (38) aufgezogenen, aus Metall hergestellten Leitblechen (36) bestehen, die von den Rohren (38) durchragte Öffnungen (37) und diese umgebende Kragen (39) aufweisen.
- Wärmeaustauscher nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Mittel elastisch vorgespannte, durch die Rohre (38) aufspreizbare Kragen (39) enthält.
- Wärmeaustauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Lamellen (5, 18, 30) und/oder Leitbleche (36) aus Aluminium hergestellt sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE20018679 | 2000-11-01 | ||
DE20018679U | 2000-11-01 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1203923A2 true EP1203923A2 (de) | 2002-05-08 |
EP1203923A3 EP1203923A3 (de) | 2003-08-13 |
EP1203923B1 EP1203923B1 (de) | 2006-07-26 |
Family
ID=7948363
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01125856A Expired - Lifetime EP1203923B1 (de) | 2000-11-01 | 2001-10-30 | Wärmeaustauscher, insbesondere für Kondensations-Wäschetrockner |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1203923B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE334373T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE50110536D1 (de) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202004007070U1 (de) * | 2004-05-03 | 2005-09-15 | Akg Thermotechnik Gmbh & Co Kg | Wärmeaustauscher, insbesondere für Kondensations-Wäschetrockner |
EP1662223A1 (de) * | 2004-11-24 | 2006-05-31 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Wärmeübertrager und Herstellungsverfahren |
DE202006009710U1 (de) * | 2006-06-19 | 2007-10-31 | Autokühler GmbH & Co. KG | Wärmeaustauschernetz und damit hergestellter Wärmeaustauscher |
WO2009013179A3 (en) * | 2007-07-23 | 2009-11-05 | M.T.A. S.P.A. | Heat exchanger with mini- and/or micro-channels and method for its construction |
AT506262B1 (de) * | 2009-04-02 | 2011-07-15 | Avl List Gmbh | Thermoelektrische generatoreinheit |
DE102010037917A1 (de) * | 2010-10-01 | 2012-04-05 | Webasto Ag | Elektrische Fahrzeugheizvorrichtung |
WO2012104383A1 (en) * | 2011-02-04 | 2012-08-09 | Aurubis Ag | A heat exchanger comprising a tubular element and a heat transfer element |
WO2013190105A1 (de) * | 2012-06-22 | 2013-12-27 | Eberspächer Exhaust Technology GmbH & Co. KG | Thermoelektrisches modul mit wärmetauscher |
EP2894427A1 (de) * | 2014-01-13 | 2015-07-15 | Deere & Company | Kreuzstrom-Wärmetauscher |
EP2383533A3 (de) * | 2010-04-28 | 2016-08-17 | Eberspächer Exhaust Technology GmbH & Co. KG | Wärmeübertragungsanordnung, Wärmeübertrager und Herstellungsverfahren |
EP2244044A3 (de) * | 2009-04-15 | 2017-01-11 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Verflüssiger sowie Wärmepumpe und Haushaltsgerät mit einem solchen Verflüssiger |
EP3217499A1 (de) * | 2016-03-09 | 2017-09-13 | nkt cables GmbH & Co. KG | Bereitstellung einer gleichstrom-kabelanlage mit metallischem rückleiter und entsprechende gleichstrom-kabelanlage |
Citations (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB885150A (en) | 1959-03-24 | 1961-12-20 | Gallay Ltd | Improvements in or relating to heat exchangers |
EP0044561A2 (de) | 1980-07-21 | 1982-01-27 | MüANYAGIPARI KUTATO INTEZET | Wärmetauscher, insbesondere zum Wärmeaustausch zwischen gasförmigen Medien |
DE3027900A1 (de) | 1980-07-23 | 1982-02-11 | Bosch-Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH, 7000 Stuttgart | Haushalt-waeschetrockner |
US4570700A (en) | 1983-01-10 | 1986-02-18 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Flat, multi-luminal tube for cross-flow-type indirect heat exchanger, having greater outer wall thickness towards side externally subject to corrosive inlet gas such as wet, salty air |
DE3811504A1 (de) | 1988-04-06 | 1989-10-19 | Oberbergische Schraubenfabrik | Selbstsperrende schraube |
EP0429953A2 (de) | 1989-12-01 | 1991-06-05 | Bosch-Siemens HausgerÀ¤te GmbH | Luftgekühlter Kondensator für einen Haushalt-Wäschetrockner |
DE19505641A1 (de) | 1995-02-18 | 1996-08-22 | Miele & Cie | Wärmetauscher |
DE29614186U1 (de) | 1996-08-20 | 1997-12-18 | AKG-Thermotechnik GmbH & Co. KG, 34369 Hofgeismar | Wärmetauscher, insbesondere Wäschetrocknerkondensator, und zu dessen Herstellung bestimmte Rohranordnung |
DE29619653U1 (de) | 1996-11-12 | 1998-03-12 | AEG Hausgeräte GmbH, 90429 Nürnberg | Luftgekühlter Wärmetauscher |
DE19719258A1 (de) | 1997-05-07 | 1998-11-12 | Valeo Klimatech Gmbh & Co Kg | Rohr-Lamellen-Paket eines Verflüssigers oder Verdampfers für Kraftfahrzeuge sowie Herstellungsverfahren |
EP0881448A2 (de) | 1997-05-30 | 1998-12-02 | Showa Aluminum Corporation | Flachrohr mit mehreren Durchgängen für Wärmetauscher und Wärmetauscher mit solchen Röhren |
DE19838525A1 (de) | 1997-09-03 | 1999-03-04 | Joma Polytec Kunststofftechnik | Kreuzstrom-Wärmetauscher für Kondensationswäschetrockner |
DE19801609A1 (de) | 1998-01-17 | 1999-07-22 | Aeg Hausgeraete Gmbh | Mehrsegmentiger Wärmetauscher |
DE19853526A1 (de) | 1998-11-20 | 2000-05-31 | Eberhard Paul | Kunststoff-Wärmetauscher |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR962422A (de) * | 1950-06-10 | |||
FR1341402A (fr) * | 1962-12-21 | 1963-10-25 | Siemens Planiawerke Ag | échangeur de chaleur avec tubes en graphite et procédé de fabrication |
US3489209A (en) * | 1968-12-23 | 1970-01-13 | Herbert G Johnson | Heat exchanger having plastic and metal components |
DE2114340A1 (de) * | 1971-03-24 | 1972-10-05 | Linde Ag | Flossenrohrwaermeaustauscher |
DE2853234A1 (de) * | 1978-12-09 | 1980-06-26 | Artus Feist | Heizrohr |
DE3728303A1 (de) * | 1987-08-25 | 1989-03-16 | Sueddeutsche Kuehler Behr | Waermetauscher mit einer rippen-rohranordnung |
GB8805587D0 (en) * | 1988-03-09 | 1988-04-07 | Batters R S | Heat radiating element |
DE3814306C1 (de) * | 1988-04-28 | 1989-10-12 | Happel Gmbh & Co, 4690 Herne, De | |
PL190383B1 (pl) * | 1998-03-10 | 2005-12-30 | Andrzej Sokulski | Konwekcyjny wymiennik ciepła |
EP0947795A1 (de) * | 1998-03-30 | 1999-10-06 | Balcke-Dürr GmbH | Wärmeübertrager mit einer Mehrzahl von Rohren |
-
2001
- 2001-10-30 AT AT01125856T patent/ATE334373T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-10-30 DE DE50110536T patent/DE50110536D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-30 EP EP01125856A patent/EP1203923B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB885150A (en) | 1959-03-24 | 1961-12-20 | Gallay Ltd | Improvements in or relating to heat exchangers |
EP0044561A2 (de) | 1980-07-21 | 1982-01-27 | MüANYAGIPARI KUTATO INTEZET | Wärmetauscher, insbesondere zum Wärmeaustausch zwischen gasförmigen Medien |
DE3027900A1 (de) | 1980-07-23 | 1982-02-11 | Bosch-Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH, 7000 Stuttgart | Haushalt-waeschetrockner |
US4570700A (en) | 1983-01-10 | 1986-02-18 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Flat, multi-luminal tube for cross-flow-type indirect heat exchanger, having greater outer wall thickness towards side externally subject to corrosive inlet gas such as wet, salty air |
DE3811504A1 (de) | 1988-04-06 | 1989-10-19 | Oberbergische Schraubenfabrik | Selbstsperrende schraube |
EP0429953A2 (de) | 1989-12-01 | 1991-06-05 | Bosch-Siemens HausgerÀ¤te GmbH | Luftgekühlter Kondensator für einen Haushalt-Wäschetrockner |
DE19505641A1 (de) | 1995-02-18 | 1996-08-22 | Miele & Cie | Wärmetauscher |
DE29614186U1 (de) | 1996-08-20 | 1997-12-18 | AKG-Thermotechnik GmbH & Co. KG, 34369 Hofgeismar | Wärmetauscher, insbesondere Wäschetrocknerkondensator, und zu dessen Herstellung bestimmte Rohranordnung |
DE29619653U1 (de) | 1996-11-12 | 1998-03-12 | AEG Hausgeräte GmbH, 90429 Nürnberg | Luftgekühlter Wärmetauscher |
DE19719258A1 (de) | 1997-05-07 | 1998-11-12 | Valeo Klimatech Gmbh & Co Kg | Rohr-Lamellen-Paket eines Verflüssigers oder Verdampfers für Kraftfahrzeuge sowie Herstellungsverfahren |
EP0881448A2 (de) | 1997-05-30 | 1998-12-02 | Showa Aluminum Corporation | Flachrohr mit mehreren Durchgängen für Wärmetauscher und Wärmetauscher mit solchen Röhren |
DE19838525A1 (de) | 1997-09-03 | 1999-03-04 | Joma Polytec Kunststofftechnik | Kreuzstrom-Wärmetauscher für Kondensationswäschetrockner |
DE19801609A1 (de) | 1998-01-17 | 1999-07-22 | Aeg Hausgeraete Gmbh | Mehrsegmentiger Wärmetauscher |
DE19853526A1 (de) | 1998-11-20 | 2000-05-31 | Eberhard Paul | Kunststoff-Wärmetauscher |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202004007070U1 (de) * | 2004-05-03 | 2005-09-15 | Akg Thermotechnik Gmbh & Co Kg | Wärmeaustauscher, insbesondere für Kondensations-Wäschetrockner |
EP1662223A1 (de) * | 2004-11-24 | 2006-05-31 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Wärmeübertrager und Herstellungsverfahren |
DE202006009710U1 (de) * | 2006-06-19 | 2007-10-31 | Autokühler GmbH & Co. KG | Wärmeaustauschernetz und damit hergestellter Wärmeaustauscher |
WO2009013179A3 (en) * | 2007-07-23 | 2009-11-05 | M.T.A. S.P.A. | Heat exchanger with mini- and/or micro-channels and method for its construction |
AT506262B1 (de) * | 2009-04-02 | 2011-07-15 | Avl List Gmbh | Thermoelektrische generatoreinheit |
EP2244044A3 (de) * | 2009-04-15 | 2017-01-11 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Verflüssiger sowie Wärmepumpe und Haushaltsgerät mit einem solchen Verflüssiger |
EP2383533A3 (de) * | 2010-04-28 | 2016-08-17 | Eberspächer Exhaust Technology GmbH & Co. KG | Wärmeübertragungsanordnung, Wärmeübertrager und Herstellungsverfahren |
DE102010037917A1 (de) * | 2010-10-01 | 2012-04-05 | Webasto Ag | Elektrische Fahrzeugheizvorrichtung |
WO2012104383A1 (en) * | 2011-02-04 | 2012-08-09 | Aurubis Ag | A heat exchanger comprising a tubular element and a heat transfer element |
US9416712B2 (en) | 2012-06-22 | 2016-08-16 | Eberspächer Exhaust Technology GmbH & Co. KG | Thermoelectric module with heat exchanger |
CN104321891A (zh) * | 2012-06-22 | 2015-01-28 | 埃贝斯佩歇废气技术合资公司 | 具有热电模块的热交换器 |
WO2013190105A1 (de) * | 2012-06-22 | 2013-12-27 | Eberspächer Exhaust Technology GmbH & Co. KG | Thermoelektrisches modul mit wärmetauscher |
CN104321891B (zh) * | 2012-06-22 | 2018-02-09 | 埃贝斯佩歇废气技术合资公司 | 具有热电模块的热交换器 |
EP2894427A1 (de) * | 2014-01-13 | 2015-07-15 | Deere & Company | Kreuzstrom-Wärmetauscher |
EP3217499A1 (de) * | 2016-03-09 | 2017-09-13 | nkt cables GmbH & Co. KG | Bereitstellung einer gleichstrom-kabelanlage mit metallischem rückleiter und entsprechende gleichstrom-kabelanlage |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1203923A3 (de) | 2003-08-13 |
EP1203923B1 (de) | 2006-07-26 |
ATE334373T1 (de) | 2006-08-15 |
DE50110536D1 (de) | 2006-09-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE69324234T2 (de) | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Kühlrohrs für Wärmetauscher | |
DE102006011626B4 (de) | Wärmeübertragerrohr mit Versteifungsverformungen | |
EP1992898B1 (de) | Wärmetauscher für gasförmige Medien | |
DE19644586C2 (de) | Rippenrohrblock für einen Wärmeübertrager | |
DE19543149C2 (de) | Wärmetauscher, insbesondere Kältemittelverdampfer | |
EP0672882A1 (de) | Rippe für Wärmetauscher | |
EP0992757B1 (de) | Sammelrohreinheit für einen Wärmeübertrager | |
EP1203923B1 (de) | Wärmeaustauscher, insbesondere für Kondensations-Wäschetrockner | |
DE3834822A1 (de) | Waermetauscher | |
DE3502619C2 (de) | ||
DE4212717A1 (de) | Wärmeaustauscher | |
DE10150213A1 (de) | Stranggepreßtes Profil, insbesondere für Wärmetauscher | |
DE60015701T2 (de) | Gebogenes Rohr für Wärmetauscher und dessen Herstellung | |
DE29614186U1 (de) | Wärmetauscher, insbesondere Wäschetrocknerkondensator, und zu dessen Herstellung bestimmte Rohranordnung | |
DE102015120487A1 (de) | Wärmeaustauscher | |
DE19961199B4 (de) | Wärmeübertrageranordnung | |
DE602006000675T2 (de) | Wellrippe für integralgefertigten Wärmetäuscher | |
DE8801411U1 (de) | Wärmetauscher, insbesondere Wasser/Luft-Kühler aus Aluminium | |
DE202007017501U1 (de) | Wärmeaustauschelement und damit hergestellter Wärmeaustauscher | |
EP1662223B1 (de) | Wärmeübertrager und Herstellungsverfahren | |
EP0225533B1 (de) | Flächenwärmetauscher | |
EP2167895B1 (de) | Wärmetauscher | |
EP0268831B1 (de) | Lamelle | |
DE102007001430A1 (de) | Wärmetauscher | |
DE69732269T2 (de) | Platten-Heizkörper |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL LT LV MK RO SI |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20040204 |
|
AKX | Designation fees paid |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20040812 |
|
GRAJ | Information related to disapproval of communication of intention to grant by the applicant or resumption of examination proceedings by the epo deleted |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSDIGR1 |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20060726 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20060726 Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20060726 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20060726 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20060726 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 50110536 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20060907 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20061026 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20061026 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20061031 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20061031 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20061031 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20061106 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20061226 |
|
NLV1 | Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act | ||
GBV | Gb: ep patent (uk) treated as always having been void in accordance with gb section 77(7)/1977 [no translation filed] |
Effective date: 20060726 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FD4D |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20070427 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: AKG-THERMOTECHNIK G.M.B.H. & CO.KG Effective date: 20061031 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20061030 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20061027 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20060726 Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20061030 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20060726 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20061031 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20091029 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20101102 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20110630 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20121011 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 50110536 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20140501 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20140501 |