Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D211/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D211/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with radicals containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D211/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with radicals containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to the ring nitrogen atom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/10—Spiro-condensed systems

Definitions

• This invention relates to the use of compounds as inhibitors of the fatty acid synthase FabH.
• the pathway for the biosynthesis of saturated fatty acids is very similar in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
• Vertebrates and yeasts possess type I fatty acid synthases (FASs) in which all of the enzymatic activities are encoded on one or two polypeptide chains, respectively.
• FOSs type I fatty acid synthases
• ACP acyl carrier protein
• each of the reactions are catalyzed by distinct monofunctional enzymes and the ACP is a discrete protein.
• Mycobacteria are unique in that they possess both type I and II FASs; the former is involved in basic fatty acid biosynthesis whereas the latter is involved in synthesis of complex cell envelope lipids such as mycolic acids. There therefore appears to be considerable potential for selective inhibition of the bacterial systems by broad-spectrum antibacterial agents (Jackowski, S. 1992. In Emerging Targets in Antibacterial and Antifungal Chemotherapy. Ed. J. Sutcliffe & N. Georgopapadakou. Chapman & Hall, New York; Jackowski, S. et al. (1989). J. Biol. Chem. 264, 7624-7629.)
• the first step in the biosynthetic cycle is the condensation of malonyl-ACP with acetyl-CoA by FabH.
• malonyl-ACP is condensed with the growing- chain acyl-ACP (FabB and FabF, synthases I and II respectively).
• the second step in the elongation cycle is ketoester reduction by NADPH-dependent ⁇ -ketoacyl-ACP reductase (FabG).
• Fab H is therefore a major biosynthetic enzyme which is also a key regulatory point in the overall synthetic pathway (Heath, R.J. and Rock, CO. 1996. J.Biol.Chem. 271, 1833-1836; Heath, R.J. and Rock, CO. 1996. J.Biol.Chem. 271, 10996-
• the antibiotic thiolactomycin has broad- spectrum antibacterial activity both in vivo and in vitro and has been shown to specifically inhibit all three condensing enzymes. It is non-toxic and does not inhibit mammalian FASs (Hayashi, T. et al.,1984. J. Antibiotics 37, 1456-1461; Miyakawa, S. et al., 1982. J. Antibiotics 35, 411-419; Nawata, Y et al., 1989. Acta Cryst. C45, 978-979; Noto, T. et al., 1982. J. Antibiotics 35, 401-410; Oishi, H. et al., 1982. J. Antibiotics 35, 391-396.
• cerulenin is a potent inhibitor of FabB & F and is bactericidal but is toxic to eukaryotes because it competes for the fatty-acyl binding site common to both FAS types (DAgnolo, G. et al.,1973. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 326,
• This invention comprises indole derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, and their use as FabH inhibitors, which are useful as antibiotics for the treatment of Gram positive, and Gram negative bacterial infections.
• This invention further constitutes a method for treatment of a Gram negative or Gram positive bacterial infection in an animal, including humans, which comprises administering to an animal in need thereof, an effective amount of a compound of this invention.
• R is OH
• Q is O, NH or CH 2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• compositions of this invention may contain one or more asymmetric carbon atoms and may exist in racemic and optically active forms. All of these compounds and diastereomers are contemplated to be within the scope of the present invention.
• solvates may be formed.
• This invention includes within its scope stoichiometric solvates including hydrates as well as compounds containing variable amounts of water that may be produced by processes such as lyophilisation.
• the antibiotic compounds of the invention are intended for use in pharmaceutical compositions it will readily be understood that they are each provided in substantially pure form, for example at least 60% pure, more suitably at least 75% pure and preferably at least 85%, especially at least 95% pure, particularly at least 98% pure (% are on a weight for weight basis). Impure preparations of the compounds may be used for preparing the more pure forms used in the pharmaceutical compositions; these less pure preparations of the compounds should contain at least 1 %, more suitably at least 5% and preferably from 10 to 49% of a compound of the formula (I) or salt thereof.
• Preferred compounds have Q as O or NH.
• Preferred compounds are l-(6-chloro-3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)-5-(2,6- dichlorobenzyloxy)indole-2-carboxylic acid and l-(6-chloro-3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)-5- (2,6-dichlorobenzylamino)indole-2-carboxylic acid.
• 2-Scheme-l is dissolved in a solvent (such as ethyl acetate) and treated with 10% Palladiun on charcoal and the resulting mixture shaken (6 hours to 30 hours, preferably 20 hours) to yield 3-Scheme- 1.
• a solvent such as ethyl acetate
• 2-Scheme-l is dissolved in a solvent (such as ethyl acetate) and treated with 10% Palladiun on charcoal and the resulting mixture shaken (6 hours to 30 hours, preferably 20 hours) to yield 3-Scheme- 1.
• Alkylation of 3-Scheme-l with 2,6-dichlorobenzyl bromide using a base (such as sodium hydride) in a solvent (such as DMF) provides 4-Scheme- 1.
• Saponification of 4-Scheme- 1 with a base (such as potassium hydroxide) in a solvent such as ethanol and tetrahydrofuran) provides 5-Scheme-l.
• the commercially available 5-nitroindole 6-Scheme-2 was alkylated with 6- chloropiperonyl chloride using a base such as NaH in a polar aprotic solvent such as DMF.
• Scheme-2 was achieved via use of NaH as base and 2,6-dichlorobenzyl chloride as alkylating agent.
• the synthesis of 10-Scheme-2 was completed by standard hydrolysis of the ethyl ester of 9-Scheme-2.
• the assay is designed to measure IC50s against Streptococcus pneumoniae ⁇ -ketoacyl-ACP synthase III (FabH). Substrates malonyl-ACP, [14C]-acetyl-coA are combined with FabH to produce [14C]-acetoacetyl-ACP.
• FabH Streptococcus pneumoniae ⁇ -ketoacyl-ACP synthase III
• Total reaction volume is 50ul.
• a panel of 12 strains were evaluated in the assay. This panel consisted of the following laboratory strains: Staphylococcus aureus Oxford, Streptococcus pneumoniae R6, Streptococcus pyogenes CN10, Enterococcus faecalis I, Haemophilus influenzae Ql, Escherichia coli DCO, E. coli ESS, E. coli 7623 (Acr A + ) E. coli 120 (AcrAB " ) Klebsiella pneumoniae E70, Pseudomonas aeruginosa K799wt and Candida albicans GRI 681. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined as the lowest concentration of compound that inhibited visible growth.
• the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition that comprises a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or in vivo hydrolysable ester thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the compositions of the invention include those in a form adapted for oral, topical or parenteral use and may be used for the treatment of bacterial infection in mammals including humans.
• the antibiotic compounds according to the invention may be formulated for administration in any convenient way for use in human or veterinary medicine, by analogy with other antibiotics.
• compositions may be formulated for administration by any route, such as oral, topical or parenteral, especially oral.
• the compositions may be in the form of tablets, capsules, powders, granules, lozenges, creams or liquid preparations, such as oral or sterile parenteral solutions or suspensions.
• topical formulations of the present invention may be presented as, for instance, ointments, creams or lotions, eye ointments and eye or ear drops, impregnated dressings and aerosols, and may contain appropriate conventional additives such as preservatives, solvents to assist drug penetration and emollients in ointments and creams.
• the formulations may also contain compatible conventional carriers, such as cream or ointment bases and ethanol or oleyl alcohol for lotions.
• suitable conventional carriers such as cream or ointment bases and ethanol or oleyl alcohol for lotions.
• Such carriers may be present as from about 1% up to about 98% of the formulation. More usually they will form up to about 80% of the formulation.
• Tablets and capsules for oral administration may be in unit dose presentation form, and may contain conventional excipients such as binding agents, for example syrup, acacia, gelatin, sorbitol, tragacanth, or polyvinylpyrollidone; fillers, for example lactose, sugar, maize-starch, calcium phosphate, sorbitol or glycine; tabletting lubricants, for example magnesium stearate, talc, polyethylene glycol or silica; disintegrants, for example potato starch; or acceptable wetting agents such as sodium lauryl sulphate.
• the tablets may be coated according to methods well known in normal pharmaceutical practice.
• Oral liquid preparations may be in the form of, for example, aqueous or oily suspensions, solutions, emulsions, syrups or elixirs, or may be presented as a dry product for reconstitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use.
• Such liquid preparations may contain conventional additives, such as suspending agents, for example sorbitol, methyl cellulose, glucose syrup, gelatin, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, aluminium stearate gel or hydrogenated edible fats, emulsifying agents, for example lecithin, sorbitan monooleate, or acacia; non-aqueous vehicles (which may include edible oils), for example almond oil, oily esters such as glycerine, propylene glycol, or ethyl alcohol; preservatives, for example methyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoate or sorbic acid, and, if desired, conventional flavoring or coloring agents.
• suspending agents for example sorbitol, methyl cellulose, glucose syrup, gelatin, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, aluminium stearate gel or hydrogenated edible fats, emulsifying agents, for example lecithin, sorbitan monooleate, or
• Suppositories will contain conventional suppository bases, e.g. cocoa butter or other glyceride.
• fluid unit dosage forms are prepared utilizing the compound and a sterile vehicle, water being preferred.
• the compound depending on the vehicle and concentration used, can be either suspended or dissolved in the vehicle.
• the compound can be dissolved in water for injection and filter sterilised before filling into a suitable vial or ampoule and sealing.
• the solution preferably contains a buffer (such as phosphate) to keep the pH in the range of about 3.5 to 7.
• DMSO or alcoholic solvents may also be present (at concentrations such as 0.01 to 10 mL/liter) to aid solubility and penetration of the compound of Formula (I)
• agents such as a local anaesthetic, preservative and buffering agents can be dissolved in the vehicle.
• the composition can be frozen after filling into the vial and the water removed under vacuum. The dry lyophilized powder is then sealed in the vial and an accompanying vial of water for injection may be supplied to reconstitute the liquid prior to use.
• Parenteral suspensions are prepared in substantially the same manner except that the compound is suspended in the vehicle instead of being dissolved and sterilization cannot be accomplished by filtration.
• the compound can be sterilised by exposure to ethylene oxide before suspending in the sterile vehicle.
• a surfactant or wetting agent is included in the composition to facilitate uniform distribution of the compound.
• compositions may contain from 0.1 % by weight, preferably from 10-60% by weight, of the active material, depending on the method of administration. Where the compositions comprise dosage units, each unit will preferably contain from 50-500 mg of the active ingredient.
• the dosage as employed for adult human treatment will preferably range from 1 to 140 mg/kg of body weight, depending on the route and frequency of administration.. No unacceptable toxicological effects are expected when a compound of formula
• the compound of formula (I) may be the sole therapeutic agent in the compositions of the invention or a combination with other antibiotics or compounds which enhance the antibacterial activity of a compound of formula (I)may be employed.
• the antibiotic compounds of the present invention are active against a wide range of organisms including both Gram-negative organisms such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and Gram-positive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, including isolates resistant to existing antibiotics.
• Example 1 Preparation of 1 -(6-chloro-3,4-methy lenedioxybenzyl)-5-(2,6-dichlorobenzyloxy)indole-2- carboxylic acid a) Ethyl- l-(6-chloro-3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)-5-(benzyloxy)indolecarboxylate. To a solution of NaH (6.1g, 0.15 mol; 60% dispersion in hexane) rinsed with hexane in DMF (500 mL) was added 5-benzyloxy-2-indolecarboxylic acid ethyl ester (30g, 0.1 mol) .

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• 2000
  • 2000-10-20 EP EP00991850A patent/EP1242075A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2000-10-20 JP JP2001533107A patent/JP2003512452A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2000-10-20 AU AU36340/01A patent/AU3634001A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-10-20 WO PCT/US2000/029082 patent/WO2001030752A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation

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