EP1186745A2 - Telescopic prop for mining and tunnel construction - Google Patents

Abstract

To temporarily secure pit and tunnel construction a prop device (1) is intended which consists of an inner pipe (2) and an out pipe (3) which can be moved while inserted in each other. The pulling apart motion is initiated when a liquid is filled into a filler opening (11) into the outer pipe (3) whose cavity (9), (2) is separated form the cavity (9) by a plate (10). This plate (10) features a weak point (18). An endangerment of the workers is therefore eliminated. After the extension of the inner pipe (2) from the outer pipe (3) the partial wedges (40,41,42) are pushed into the remaining narrow gap (45) so that the desired locking effect takes immediatley place. The water or liquid can exit again from the cavity (9), (2) via the filler opening (11). A very light prop device (1) that absorbs sufficient straining forces has been created.

Description

The invention relates to a support expansion for underground mining Tunnel construction with an inner and an outer tube that can be pushed into one another and can be coupled with one another via wedges and with one at the free ends Foot or head plate are closed, the interior of the inner tube and Outer tube are separated from each other by a plate and a filling opening in the outer tube is provided.

In underground mining but also in tunnel construction, despite the widespread hydraulic expansion, still working with timber. Here are such areas are secured by timber construction that are only kept open for a limited time have to be or which should only secure partial areas. As far as possible these wooden stamps are also replaced by so-called building supports. Known is such a building material support from DE-PS 43 38 830. Here the two Parts, d. H. the inner and outer stamp apart by filling in building material driven and stretched between hanging and lying. A similar solution is also known from DE-PS 195 14 137, initially in one of the cavities formed Building material is filled in until it presses the inner stamp against the mountains Has. The two stamp parts are then supported against each other by wedges, whereupon building material is also filled into the inner stamp to increase the supporting force increase and avoid overuse. A disadvantage of these known Support extensions is mainly that the set pressure by filling in Building material can only be provided with effort if at all. Rather it will it is often the case that setting work ends even when there is insufficient setting pressure is, so that a lowering of the mountains must first occur before the expansion of support provides its full support. Another disadvantage is the relative complex construction of such stamps or the expansion of support and the need to assign a valve to both the outer tube and the inner tube because of the Otherwise, the building material brought in in the liquid state will flow out and then not can more support the set pressure or load pressure.

The invention is therefore based on the object of expanding support, preferably to create stamps that take over the function of the lost wooden stamp can, but must be set up with set pressure.

The object is achieved according to the invention in that the filling opening Has only one socket shape and that the wedges in a slot between a cylindrical extension and inner tube forming the head of the outer tube arranged and held in engagement by a spacer.

This structure of a support expansion has the advantage, first of all, that you can work with relatively light pipes that cover practically the entire Represent stamp. The only filling opening required does not require a valve, since the filled one Water or other medium is only needed to stamp the inside extend and thus bring the necessary setting pressure. If the stamp is set, the water or other medium can escape again because it is for the function of the stamp is no longer needed. The two stamp parts, i.e. H. the interior and the outer stamp are connected to each other via the wedge so that the inner stamp can no longer drive into the outer stamp, so that once created Set pressure is also maintained in order to fully fulfill the support function. About the spacer care is taken to ensure that the inner die is extended the outer punch or the inner tube from the outer tube both immediately against each other be blocked so that the set pressure is retained. The expansion itself remains then stand until the load pressure exceeds a predetermined order of magnitude, so that the expansion of support then loses its function, for example the case is when the hydraulic expansion is robbed in a longwall and also the funding so that the cavity can break. The cost of such Support expansion is on the order of magnitude that of timber construction comes very close, that is significantly below that of the hydraulic expansion and also under that of the building material stamp. Above all, the simple functioning is advantageous, because with simple means, d. H. also worked with a simple filling gun can be used to separate the two parts of the lost support expansion drive and sit with it. It is therefore possible to use existing facilities that also have the advantage of not working at high pressure must be and not with special media, but rather with normal tap water available underground.

According to an expedient design, it is provided that the nozzle with a clip that fixes the water pressure gun during the filling process is provided. This is to prevent the water pressure gun from falling when it is careless and the water may leak out. But above all, the water pressure gun serves during the filling process as a seal for the nozzle, so that if the water pressure gun falls out, the already filled water would flow out again unchecked.

Another appropriate training provides that an outer and inner tube stepless extension of 300 - 500 mm are permitted. With 300 - 500 mm As a rule, the required set pressure can be achieved. It is assumed that the total length is dimensioned so that the intended distance between Hanging and lying can also be provided.

It has already been pointed out earlier that the setting of the stamp by tensioning between hanging and lying, the inner tube is pushed out of the outer tube. To make this possible, there are inner tubes and outer tube separated by a plate. The spreading apart is particularly safe when the plate is assigned to the inner tube and with a The weak point is equipped when the permissible filling pressure in the interior is exceeded the outer tube is bursting. So the inner tube is practical a floor which, however, has a special property in that it Exceeding the filling pressure in the interior of the outer tube is destroyed so that then the water or with excessive pressure in the interior of the outer tube other medium can flow into the interior of the inner tube and then from Overpressure is relieved. This means damage, but in particular a risk to the Workers excluded because of overpressure and bursting of the wall, for example of the outer tube cannot occur, even if accidentally too high water pressure is worked. Such an expansion of support is special easy to use and safe.

The vulnerability mentioned above can be implemented particularly expediently, if the plate is made of rubber or comparable material and has a material thinning in the middle as a weak point. A corresponding plate can be easily assembled and trained so that exactly at a certain pressure and it is intended that the weak point burst at + 100 bar, is destroyed, so that the pressure relief occurs. For example, it is conceivable that the material thinning is exactly in the center of the rubber plate, that when the water bursts, the water is also centered in the corresponding interior can flow in.

A particularly inexpensive solution to such a support expansion can also be achieved in that the outer tube and the base plate have an all-round running welding bead are connected to each other, the head plate on some, is preferably attached to the inner tube at three fixing points. Fixing the footplate The weld bead is sufficient to seal the inner tube during setting work to move out of the outer tube. Even if it is water or other medium remains in the outer tube, this can also happen after a while due to the welding bead drain off if it does not remain tight enough in the long run. This is completely harmless because the support expansion is then set. In the area of the head plate only needs to be ensured be that the head plate does not fall off the inner tube, it being sufficient if for example, it is attached to three fixing points.

The effective coupling of the inner and outer tube through the wedge (s) can be achieved according to the invention in that the head of the outer tube on the the side facing the inner tube has a bevel corresponding to the wedges, while the adjoining flanks of the wedge and inner tube are vertical and are parallel to each other. Because this wedge from above is applied via the spacer, is pushed apart when and the outer tube of the wedge is initially slightly taken away so that it cannot brake, to then stand still and especially when bracing between hanging and To become active and effectively prevent the inner tube from sinking again. This is particularly favored by the fact that those facing the inner tube Flanks are perpendicular to each other and on the flanks on the other side have the corresponding wedge bevel.

This "automatic locking" of the wedge (s) is further promoted by that between the top of the wedges and the bottom of the headstock is a cylinder spring is arranged acting as a spacer. This cylinder spring ensures that the wedges when pushing the pipes apart are only limited from their "active seat" be pushed out to immediately in the Locked state to be pushed back in. This means that the blocking effect is immediate present when the pipes are not pushed apart.

Fixing the wedge (s) over the spacer or the cylinder spring is favored by the fact that the upper end of the flanks of the wedges and / or the External wall of the inner tube are equipped with a sawtooth thread. The sawtooth thread on the one hand prevents the wedges from sliding apart at all the pipes move too far out of their position and promote sticking at the onset of the locking effect.

In order to be able to use sufficiently effective wedges, the invention provides that the head of the outer tube is pot-shaped and with a weld seam the upper end of the outer tube is connected. So that the diameter large or sized wedges of the head are used, whose Incline is also sufficient to provide the necessary locking effect with the necessary security and to generate in a short way.

Once the pipes, i.e. H. Inner and outer tubes are pulled apart, the head plate moves away from the pot-like head of the outer tube and thus also the cylinder spring or the spacer. Nevertheless, the cylinder spring in the Active position held, namely between the cylinder spring and the underside of the head plate an intermediate piece acting as a spring lock is arranged, which has a Wire is detachably connected to the head of the outer tube. This adapter ensures ensure that after removing the head plate from the head of the outer tube, the spring nevertheless kept under tension and thus the wedge (s) in the active position can be held. The intermediate piece is effectively fixed over the wire, the wire is also easy to assemble, which is what this inexpensive version of the support expansion brings advantages.

An effective fixing between hanging and lying is thereby favored that the head plate and also the foot plate protruding beyond the outer surface Cams are assigned. These cams can lie in the lying position or in that Drill in the hanging wall in order to benefit from the effectiveness of the support expansion to complete. This is also advantageous because it offers the possibility first pull the pipes apart or push them by hand, then to help with the water filling. Because of the specially trained wedges and their load by the cylinder spring is always ensured that when pulling apart by hand, the inner tube is not pushed back into the outer tube.

The effectiveness of the wedge in terms of locking is favored if the wedge consists of three wedges, which are held by a holding wire and at the same time at a distance are fixed to each other. The wedges can thus be used without influencing each other can be pushed from the "rest position" to the "locked position" without any hindrance and without the risk of them jamming against each other. For this they are in Distance kept fixed.

The optimal distances between the part wedges are according to the invention guaranteed because the part wedges are kept at a distance by holding wire by this is each provided with the bulges specifying the distance. The partial wedges can therefore neither when pushing the pipes apart nor when pushing each other move from the given position. Rather, it ensures that they sit exactly in the intended gap and then lead to the lock.

The invention is characterized in that a support expansion is created is to manufacture it relatively inexpensively and to set it well and set it safely is. Such a support expansion is therefore particularly suitable for use in pits that are to be thrown off or, if necessary, by one such additional support must be secured. For locking the two tubes slidable one inside the other, it is advisable to take three wedges one ring wedge of which one does not use a partial wedge, these three partial wedges are arranged and executed in such a way that when the pull-out process is ended the wedges or partial wedges are pushed into their locked position and there fix. This insertion is carried out by, if necessary, a contact Cylinder spring generated that always wants to push the wedges into their active position. It is also particularly advantageous that there is a fuse that is safe represents that even during the filling process with medium filled in too high pressure cannot cause damage. Rather, the plate between the interiors is at best destroyed, so that the pressure water in the cavity of the inner tube can escape so that hazards cannot occur.

Fig. 1

eine Seitenansicht des Unterstützungsausbaus, teilweise im Schnitt,

Fig. 2

eine Teilansicht des Übergangsbereiches zwischen Innenund Außenrohr im Schnitt,

Fig. 3

einen Schnitt durch Innenrohr und Außenrohr im Bereich der Füllöffnung und

Fig. 4

einen Querschnitt im Bereich der Keile.

Further details and advantages of the subject matter of the invention emerge from the following description of the accompanying drawing, in which a preferred exemplary embodiment is shown with the details and individual parts required for this. Show it:

Fig. 1

a side view of the support expansion, partially in section,

Fig. 2

a partial view of the transition area between the inner and outer tube in section,

Fig. 3

a section through the inner tube and outer tube in the area of the filling opening and

Fig. 4

a cross section in the area of the wedges.

Fig. 1 shows a support extension 1 in the form of a stamp which consists of a Inner tube 2 and an outer tube 3, the inner tube 2 in the outer tube 3 is shown inserted in the cut state. On the left is the inner tube 2 largely pulled out of the outer tube 3. At the free end 4 of the inner tube 2 is a head plate 5 and at the free end 6 of the outer tube 3 a base plate 7 is provided. This head plate 5 and the foot plate 7 point to the Outer surface 37 on cams 38 and 39, which the fixing to the mountain, d. H. on the hanging or to facilitate and secure lying people.

In the upper part of the outer tube 3, a wedge 8 is arranged so that it is shown in the Example locks inner tube 2 and outer tube 3 so that the Inner tube 2 can not sink further into the outer tube 3. More details on this further back.

The interiors 9, 1 and 9, 2 are separated from one another by a plate 10, so that water or another medium into the interior 9 via the filling opening 11, 2 can be filled in to push the inner tube 2 out of the outer tube 3. The shape of the plate 10 favors this pushing out of the inner tube 2 from the Outer tube 3. It can be seen in FIG. 1 and also in FIG. 3 that this filling opening 11 is actually only a nozzle 12 into which a filling nozzle can be inserted. This Filler neck, which is not shown here, is fixed via a clasp 16 an inadvertent flow of the filled medium, d. H. especially water, to prevent.

The interior 9, 2 is through the plate 10 and the other through the Base plate 7 and just the outer tube 3 specified. The one shown in FIG. 1 is sufficient Fixation of the base plate 7 via the welding bead 19. Via the welding bead 19 a sufficient seal is guaranteed, so that the spread apart of inner tube and outer tube 2, 3 ensure.

Fig. 3 shows the plate 10 in addition, here consisting of rubber Plate 10 is shown. It has a weak point 18 in the center, which ensures that that when filling water through the filling opening 11 or the nozzle 12 in the Interior 9, 2 can not build up excess pressure. Would the intended pressure of exceeded 100 bar, for example, this plate 10 bursts in the area of the weak point 18 and the filled water can relieve pressure in the interior 9, 2 move.

Fig. 2 illustrates first of all that, in contrast to the base plate 7 for Fixing the head plate 5 on the inner tube 2 requires only a few fixing points 20 become. These fixing points, for example 3, are sufficient to prevent the Head plate 5 falls from the inner tube 2.

It can also be seen in FIG. 2 that between the underside 27 of the head plate 5 and a spacer 15 is provided for the upper edge 26 of the wedge 8, here in the form a cylinder spring 28. This cylinder spring 28 ensures that the wedge 8 is always in the "eight-position" shown in Fig. 2 sits, thus ensures that when inserted of the inner tube 2, this movement can be blocked immediately by the wedge 8 can. For this purpose, the wedge 8 and that which forms the upper end of the outer tube 3 Head 14 corresponding slopes, while facing the inner tube 2 Page 21 vertically or approximately perpendicular flanks 23 of the wedge 8 or 24 of the inner tube 2. The head 14 with this wedge effect is like recognizable, placed on the upper end piece 33 of the outer tube 3 and over the Weld 32 fixed. This weld seam 32 can consist of partial weld seams, i. H. it does not necessarily have to be continuously running because the tightness in this area is not required.

In the area of the upper end 29 of the flanks 23, 24 there is 30 on the outer wall of the inner tube 2 and / or the wedge 8 a sawtooth thread 31 is formed. This increases the friction effect and ensures that both parts interlock and after Can not remove themselves from reaching the wedge effect. this will naturally also prevented by the cylinder spring 28.

After pushing the inner tube 2 out of the outer tube 3, the support would the cylinder spring 28 may no longer be possible. Therefore, an intermediate piece 35 provided that is inserted in this area and is fixed via a wire 36. This intermediate piece serves as an abutment for the cylinder spring 28.

Fig. 4 finally shows a section through the wedge 8. It can be seen that this Wedge 8 consists of three part wedges 40, 41, 42, these over the holding wire 43 are fixed by the bulges 44.1, 44.2 and 44.3. The holding wire 43, which is also indicated in FIG. 2, virtually connects the individual part wedges 40, 41, 42 with each other and ensures that they are always in a prescribed and optimal Position.

When the inner tube 2 and outer tube 3 are pushed apart, the partial wedges become 40, 41, 42 pushed up with the inner tube 2, this also due to the sawtooth thread 31 is favored. This makes it easy to fill in to push out a liquid into the interior 9, 2 of the outer tube 3, the inner tube 2. The cylinder spring 28 then prevents the wedge 8 from being pushed out completely or the partial wedges 40, 41, 42, so that they always remain in the "attention position". When the inner tube 2 has reached its end position, the partial wedges 40, 41, 42 slide so in the corresponding slot 45 between the head 14 and inner tube 2 that the desired Blocking effect. The inner tube 2 can no longer enter the outer tube 3 slip back. The desired set pressure has been reached and the corresponding one has been secured Given cavity.

All of the above-mentioned features, including those that can only be taken from the drawings, alone and in combination are regarded as essential to the invention.

Claims (16)

Support for underground mining and tunnel construction with an inner and an outer tube (2, 3), which can be slid into one another and coupled with each other via wedges (8) and at the free ends (4, 6) with a foot (7) or top plate (5) are closed, the inner spaces (9) of the inner tube (2) and outer tube (3) being separated from one another by a plate (10) and a filling opening (11) being provided in the outer tube (3),
characterized in that the filling opening (11) is in the form of only a connecting piece (12) and in that the wedges (8) fit into a slot (45) between a cylindrical extension and inner tube (2) forming the head (14) of the outer tube (3) ) and are held in engagement by means of a spacer (15). Support expansion according to claim 1,
characterized in that the nozzle (12) is provided with a clip (16) which fixes the water pressure gun during the filling process. Support expansion according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the outer and inner tubes (3, 2) are designed to allow stepless extension of 300-500 mm. Support expansion according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the plate (10) is assigned to the inner tube (2) and is equipped with a weak point (18) which is bursting when the permissible filling pressure in the interior (9, 2) of the outer tube (3) is exceeded. Support expansion according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the plate (10) is made of rubber or comparable material and has a material thinning in the middle as a weak point (18). Support expansion according to claim 5,
characterized in that the weak point (18) is bursting at + 100 bar. Support expansion according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the outer tube (3) and the base plate (7) are connected to one another by an all-round welding bead (19). Support expansion according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the head plate (5) is attached to the inner tube (2) at some, preferably at three, fixing points (20). Support expansion according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the head (14) of the outer tube (3) on the side (21) facing the inner tube (2) has a slope (22) corresponding to the wedges (8), while the adjoining flanks (23, 24) of wedge (8) and inner tube (2) are perpendicular and parallel to each other. Support expansion according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that between the upper edge (26) of the wedges (8) and the underside (27) of the head plate (5) a cylindrical spring (28) is arranged to act as a spacer (15). Support expansion according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the upper end (29) of the flanks (23, 24) of the wedges (8) and / or the outer wall (30) of the inner tube (2) are equipped with a sawtooth thread (31). Support expansion according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the head (14) of the outer tube (3) is pot-shaped and is connected to the upper end piece (33) of the outer tube (3) via a weld seam (32). Support expansion according to claim 10,
characterized in that between the cylinder spring (28) and the underside (27) of the head plate (5) an intermediate piece (35) acting as a spring lock is arranged, which is detachably connected via a wire (36) to the head (14) of the outer tube (3) is. Support expansion according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the head plate (5) and also the foot plate (7) projecting over the outer surface (37) are assigned cams (38, 39). Support expansion according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the wedge (8) consists of three partial wedges (40, 41, 42) which are held by a holding wire (43) and at the same time are fixed at a distance from one another. Support expansion according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the partial wedges (40, 41, 42) are kept at a distance via the holding wire (43), in that this is each provided with bulges (44) which define the distance.

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