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EP1166668A2 - Sportschuh mit einer an einer flexiblen Fersenkappe befestigten steifen Fersenkappe - Google Patents

Sportschuh mit einer an einer flexiblen Fersenkappe befestigten steifen Fersenkappe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1166668A2
EP1166668A2 EP01121908A EP01121908A EP1166668A2 EP 1166668 A2 EP1166668 A2 EP 1166668A2 EP 01121908 A EP01121908 A EP 01121908A EP 01121908 A EP01121908 A EP 01121908A EP 1166668 A2 EP1166668 A2 EP 1166668A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
buttress
rigid
flexible
shoe
shoe according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01121908A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1166668A3 (de
EP1166668B1 (de
Inventor
Thierry Donnadieu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Salomon SAS
Original Assignee
Salomon SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=9488751&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP1166668(A2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Salomon SAS filed Critical Salomon SAS
Publication of EP1166668A2 publication Critical patent/EP1166668A2/de
Publication of EP1166668A3 publication Critical patent/EP1166668A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1166668B1 publication Critical patent/EP1166668B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B5/00—Footwear for sporting purposes
    • A43B5/04—Ski or like boots
    • A43B5/0486—Ski or like boots characterized by the material
    • A43B5/049—Ski or like boots characterized by the material with an upper made of composite material, e.g. fibers or core embedded in a matrix
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
    • A43B23/08—Heel stiffeners; Toe stiffeners
    • A43B23/16—Heel stiffeners; Toe stiffeners made of impregnated fabrics, plastics or the like
    • A43B23/17—Heel stiffeners; Toe stiffeners made of impregnated fabrics, plastics or the like made of plastics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B5/00—Footwear for sporting purposes
    • A43B5/04—Ski or like boots
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B5/00—Footwear for sporting purposes
    • A43B5/04—Ski or like boots
    • A43B5/0492—Telemark boots
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B5/00—Footwear for sporting purposes
    • A43B5/04—Ski or like boots
    • A43B5/0496—Ski or like boots boots for touring or hiking skis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a shoe intended for sports requiring a unfolding of the foot, such as snowshoeing, cross-country skiing, classic style or skateboarding, telemark skiing and hiking, and / or board sports such as snowboarding, ice skating and roller skating, namely sports requiring good transmission of the forces exerted by the foot for better grip, edge grip.
  • a shoe intended for the abovementioned sports must, as first condition, satisfy the requirement of sufficient flexibility in the metatarsophalangeal area allowing a process as natural as possible.
  • the present invention therefore aims to provide a shoe design which remedies the disadvantages encountered in the prior art and which reconciles the contradictory requirements, to improve the heel hold while allowing the course natural foot, and being simple and inexpensive construction.
  • the central idea of the present invention is to improve the holding of the heel of the foot in providing, at this level, a buttress, which is rigid and substantially non-flexible. It is then the stiffness of the buttress which allows at the same time a satisfactory hold of the heel and a transmission of efforts. Furthermore, this construction allows flexibility of the sole. external in the so-called metatarsophalangeal area and a more natural course of the foot.
  • the rigid buttress extends over at least one side of the shoe substantially up to the so-called metatarsophalangeal flexion zone. It results from the strengthening of the rear part of the shoe, a satisfactory transmission forces from the user's leg to the front part of the foot, which is in contact permanent with the ground or the sliding support.
  • the rigid buttress and essentially the rear part of the base of the foot surrounds the heel like a shell.
  • This construction also allows a better transmission of forces, especially in transverse direction, thanks to the reinforcement and the hull shape of the rear part of the shoe, while keeping flexibility of the shoe in the metatarsophalangeal area.
  • Said constructions allow better control of the ski by holding the heel and at the same time a general gain in energy and a direct transmission of forces by cancellation parasitic deformations of the sole and of the shoe, which deformations parasites are useless for propulsion by movements typical of sports above.
  • Figures 1 and 2 is shown a shoe 1 intended for the practice of cross-country skiing. background, particularly for the so-called skate style.
  • the present invention applies also to all sports requiring a foot movement, such as for example snowshoeing, cross-country skiing, telemark skiing and hiking, and / or board sports such as snowboarding, ice skating, roller skating, ... etc.
  • the following description is made with reference to a shoe for cross-country skiing.
  • the shoe 1 shown comprises, in a known manner, a upper 2, a sole external 5 and an articulated collar 8, which is fixed to the rod by means of an axis 7.
  • the construction of a shoe upper for cross-country skiing is well known in the art and will not be explained in detail in the description.
  • the shoe 1 shown in Figures 1 and 2 is provided with a first rear buttress 13, in a material which is flexible enough to allow attachment by stitching of this flexible buttress 13 on the rod 2.
  • the shoe 1 also has a second buttress 3, which is more rigid than the flexible buttress 13, and is in fact substantially non-flexible.
  • This stiff buttress 3 surrounds heel 11 of shoe 1 with two walls respectively lateral 9 and medial 10, and by a rear wall at the heel 11.
  • lateral wall, median respectively, each of the walls of said buttress is arranged outward and inward respectively of the foot or the shoe.
  • the rigid buttress extends forward substantially up to zone 4 of flexion called metatarsophalangeal.
  • the reinforcement of the shoe 1 via the rigid buttress 3 is therefore limited to an area between the heel 11 and said area 4 of metatarsophalangeal flexion.
  • the user's foot is therefore well held on the side of the heel 11, while keeping flexibility of the shoe 1 in the metatarsophalangeal flexion zone 4, which allows an almost natural unfolding of the foot.
  • the rigid buttress 3 has a maximum height which does not exceed that of the region located substantially below the ankle area 6, and is notably lower than the level of said area.
  • the rigid buttress 3 rises substantially to the level of the articulation zone of the ankle and comprises the articulation axis 7 of the articulated collar 8.
  • the maximum height of the buttress 3 is on the contrary more lower than the level of the hinge pin 7 which is therefore fixed only on the first buttress flexible 13, which allows more freedom in transverse direction at the collar due to the greater flexibility of the material.
  • the maximum height of the buttress 3 is chosen so that the natural movement of the ankle 6 is not hampered.
  • each of the walls 9, 10 decreases in height going towards the front of the buttress 2.
  • each wall 9, 10 joins the upper edge 21 of the outer sole 3.
  • the side wall 9 decreases in a substantially continuous manner forming a angle of approximately 45 ° with the upper edge 21 of the outer sole.
  • the medial wall 10 can have the same shape.
  • the side wall 9, as well as the wall medial 10 also decreases towards the rear, heel zone 11, for better comfort of the foot.
  • the buttress 2 can form a stop 22 for the support of a loop 14 elastic which surrounds the back of the ankle 6 in the manner of a spur which provides a reminder elastic of the collar.
  • This loop 14 is also known and does not constitute an element essential of the present invention. It is for this reason that loop 14 will not be described. in detail.
  • the rigid buttress 3 which can make it impossible to fix the rigid buttress 3 directly on the fabric and / or leather of the rod 2, it may be advantageous to fix the rigid buttress 3, for example by gluing and / or riveting, on the flexible buttress 13, which presents it with sufficient flexibility allowing its connection, for example by bonding, stitching and / or riveting on the rod 2.
  • the flexible buttress 13 also allows a certain stiff padding of the buttress 3, which avoids local pressure on the foot the user.
  • the rigid buttress 3 only covers the flexible buttress 13 leaving uncovered an edge 23, which extends at least over the upper edge 24 of the wall lateral of the rigid buttress 3, so as to facilitate its fixing or connection to the rod.
  • the preferred materials of the rigid buttress 3 are plastics which can be reinforced with fibers, for example glass or carbon, and materials metal. Therefore, all the materials are suitable, essentially guaranteeing almost non-flexibility of the rigid buttress 3.
  • the preferred stiffness of the rigid buttress is between 260 MPa (Mega Pascal) which corresponds to the Modulus of elasticity Pebax 6333, and 200 GPa (Giga Pascal) which corresponds to the Modulus of elasticity of a composite fiberglass + carbon.
  • the outer sole according to the embodiment shown in Figure 2 is made up of two parts, a front part 15 and a rear part 16.
  • the front part 15 extends essentially from the front end 24 of shoe 1 to zone 4 of flexion metatarsophalangeal. This front part is flexible enough to allow almost natural bending in said bending zone 4.
  • the rear part 16 of the outer sole and the rigid buttress 3 form an assembly monobloc and preferably single material.
  • This construction has advantages in that which relates to the mounting of the rear part 16 of the sole and of the rigid buttress 3 in one piece on the upper 2, the sealing of the lower rear part of the shoe 1, particularly in the area which traditionally represents the link between the outsole and buttress, and also with regard to further reinforcement improved, compared to the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 1, of the part rear and heel of shoe 2.
  • the rigid buttress 3 shown in FIG. 3 has the shape of a section shell transverse "U" shaped and completely surrounding the heel, namely as well laterally, at the rear than from below, and at a maximum height well below the level of the ankle area 6.
  • the preferred height is between approximately 2 cm and 4 cm.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 2, namely the one-piece construction of the part rear of the outer sole with the rigid buttress 3, is symbolized by lines in dotted.
  • the rigid buttress 3 shown in FIG. 3 completely covers the base of the foot.
  • the buttress 3 could just as well cover the base part of the foot as partially, for example by forming a hollow or one or more recesses in the part base 17 of the rigid buttress 3.
  • the construction of the rigid buttress 3 according to the example shown in Figure 3 allows an entourage of the heel and the rear part of the base of the foot like a shell.
  • the lateral wall 9 and / or the medial wall 10 of the rigid buttress 3 can be provided with recesses 18, which allows a reduction of the weight of the rigid buttress 3 while retaining its rigidity.
  • the rigid buttress 3 without bottom 17 and provided with flanges 19 extends from the lower edges respectively of the side wall 9 and from the medial wall 10, horizontally inwards.
  • These transverse edges 19 are used to fix the buttress by interposing between a first assembly of the rod 2 and the outer sole.
  • these transverse flanges 19 participate in the stiffening rigid buttress 3, especially in torsion.
  • these transverse edges 19 can be provided wide enough so that they almost meet leaving no that a slit between them.
  • the side wall 9 of the rigid buttress 3, in the example shown in the figures, can extend further in the longitudinal direction than the medial wall, respecting the orientation of the natural flexion line in the metatarsophalangeal zone 4, which forms an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of a foot.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Golf Clubs (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
EP01121908A 1996-01-30 1996-12-06 Sportschuh mit einer an einer flexiblen Fersenkappe befestigten steifen Fersenkappe Expired - Lifetime EP1166668B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9601250 1996-01-30
FR9601250A FR2743988B1 (fr) 1996-01-30 1996-01-30 Chaussure de sport
EP96119600A EP0787441B1 (de) 1996-01-30 1996-12-06 Sportschuh

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96119600A Division EP0787441B1 (de) 1996-01-30 1996-12-06 Sportschuh

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1166668A2 true EP1166668A2 (de) 2002-01-02
EP1166668A3 EP1166668A3 (de) 2002-01-16
EP1166668B1 EP1166668B1 (de) 2004-07-14

Family

ID=9488751

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01121908A Expired - Lifetime EP1166668B1 (de) 1996-01-30 1996-12-06 Sportschuh mit einer an einer flexiblen Fersenkappe befestigten steifen Fersenkappe
EP96119600A Expired - Lifetime EP0787441B1 (de) 1996-01-30 1996-12-06 Sportschuh

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96119600A Expired - Lifetime EP0787441B1 (de) 1996-01-30 1996-12-06 Sportschuh

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (2) US5884420A (de)
EP (2) EP1166668B1 (de)
AT (2) ATE270830T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2195499A1 (de)
CZ (1) CZ289312B6 (de)
DE (2) DE69632927T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2743988B1 (de)
NO (1) NO310092B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2976161A1 (fr) * 2011-06-09 2012-12-14 Salomon Sas Chaussure a tige ameliore.

Families Citing this family (43)

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FR2743988B1 (fr) * 1996-01-30 1998-03-20 Salomon Sa Chaussure de sport
CA2203331C (en) * 1997-04-22 2006-02-21 Darrel Rowledge Flexible footbed skate
FR2765083B1 (fr) * 1997-06-27 1999-08-27 Salomon Sa Semelle multicouche couplee a un renfort de la tige de la chaussure
FR2769799B1 (fr) * 1997-10-17 2000-01-14 Rossignol Sa Chaussure pour sport de glisse, en particulier chaussure de ski
FR2769800B1 (fr) * 1997-10-17 2000-01-14 Rossignol Sa Chaussure de ski ou de patin a roulettes en ligne
US6168173B1 (en) 1997-11-19 2001-01-02 The Burton Corporation Snowboard boot with binding interface
IT1307012B1 (it) * 1999-01-26 2001-10-11 Scarpa Calzaturificio Spa Scarpone da sci.
US6401366B2 (en) * 1999-04-16 2002-06-11 Nike, Inc. Athletic shoe with stabilizing frame
FR2801771B1 (fr) * 1999-12-01 2003-02-07 Salomon Sa Chaussure de sport a rigidite variable
FR2818505B1 (fr) * 2000-12-22 2004-06-18 Salomon Sa Chaussure
ITTV20010053A1 (it) * 2001-04-26 2002-10-26 Benetton Spa Elemento di rinforzo particolarmente per calzature sportive
FR2832036B1 (fr) 2001-11-13 2004-04-02 Salomon Sa Chaussure de sport dont la tige comporte une couture retournee
US20030220808A1 (en) * 2002-02-04 2003-11-27 Ballard Bruce A. Method for recruiting personnel for businesses and organizations
US6968637B1 (en) 2002-03-06 2005-11-29 Nike, Inc. Sole-mounted footwear stability system
ITTV20020055A1 (it) * 2002-05-17 2003-11-17 Benetton Spa Una calzatura sportiva migliorata
TWI300157B (en) * 2002-09-10 2008-08-21 Sipix Imaging Inc Electrochromic or electrodeposition display and process for their preparation
US20060117608A1 (en) * 2004-12-03 2006-06-08 Eddie Chen Shoe with shell portions
FR2923362B1 (fr) * 2007-11-13 2010-04-30 Salomon Sa Chaussure a serrage de tige ameliore
US9554621B2 (en) * 2008-02-27 2017-01-31 Ecco Sko A/S Midsole for a running shoe
FR2965458B1 (fr) * 2010-09-30 2013-08-16 Salomon Sas Chaussure renforcee
US8555525B2 (en) 2011-01-18 2013-10-15 Saucony Ip Holdings Llc Footwear
US8732982B2 (en) 2011-01-18 2014-05-27 Saucony IP Holdings, LLC Footwear
US8839531B2 (en) 2011-07-19 2014-09-23 Saucony Ip Holdings Llc Footwear
FR2980959A1 (fr) * 2011-10-10 2013-04-12 Salomon Sas Chaussure a serrage de tige ameliore
US20140150300A1 (en) * 2012-11-30 2014-06-05 Salomon S.A.S. Adaptable sports footwear
US9259049B2 (en) 2013-01-22 2016-02-16 Nike, Inc. Ultralightweight adaptive heel member
EP3531855B1 (de) 2016-10-26 2021-12-01 Nike Innovate C.V. Obermaterialkomponente für einen schuhartikel
DE202017007573U1 (de) 2016-10-26 2022-11-07 Nike Innovate C.V. Scharnierartige Schuhsohlenstruktur zum Einführen eines Fußes
KR102326405B1 (ko) * 2016-10-26 2021-11-16 나이키 이노베이트 씨.브이. 신발류 힐 스프링 장치
US10743616B2 (en) 2016-10-26 2020-08-18 Nike, Inc. Footwear heel spring device
US11304479B2 (en) 2017-02-28 2022-04-19 Nike, Inc. Footwear with laceless fastening system
US10758010B2 (en) 2017-04-17 2020-09-01 Nike, Inc. Increased access footwear
EP4056065B1 (de) 2017-05-23 2024-10-30 NIKE Innovate C.V. Schuh mit beweglichem fersenabschnitt fur den zugang von hinten
US10512298B2 (en) 2017-05-23 2019-12-24 Nike, Inc. Footwear upper with lace-engaged zipper system
US10159310B2 (en) 2017-05-25 2018-12-25 Nike, Inc. Rear closing upper for an article of footwear with front zipper to rear cord connection
CN111970940B (zh) 2018-04-13 2022-02-01 耐克创新有限合伙公司 鞋类紧固系统
EP3902426B1 (de) 2018-12-28 2023-07-12 NIKE Innovate C.V. Schuhelement mit führungszapfen und verfahren zur herstellung eines schuhs
DE202019006048U1 (de) 2018-12-28 2024-05-02 Nike Innovate C.V. Fußbekleidung mit vertikal verlängerter Fersenkappe
US11185125B2 (en) 2018-12-28 2021-11-30 Nike, Inc. Footwear with jointed sole structure for ease of access
EP3923759A1 (de) 2019-02-13 2021-12-22 NIKE Innovate C.V. Fersenstützvorrichtung für schuhwerk
EP4044862A1 (de) 2019-10-18 2022-08-24 NIKE Innovate C.V. Einfach anziehbarer schuh mit schuhbandverriegelung
US11589653B2 (en) 2019-11-25 2023-02-28 Nike, Inc. Tension-retaining system for a wearable article
US11910867B2 (en) 2022-03-28 2024-02-27 Nike, Inc. Article of footwear with heel entry device

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US3807062A (en) 1971-01-22 1974-04-30 Karku Sport Ab Athletic boot
US4287675A (en) 1980-01-17 1981-09-08 New Balance Athletic Shoe, Inc. Counter for athletic shoe
US4704808A (en) 1986-09-25 1987-11-10 Highland Import Corporation Shoe having a rigid back part and flexible forepart
EP0257496A2 (de) 1986-08-28 1988-03-02 PUMA Aktiengesellschaft Rudolf Dassler Sport Fersenkappe für einen Schuh, insbesondere Sportschuh
EP0309437A2 (de) 1987-09-24 1989-03-29 Hartjes Fussform-Schuh Kg Sportschuh

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US3842518A (en) * 1973-09-20 1974-10-22 Famolare Inc Cross-country ski boot
US4314411A (en) * 1980-03-13 1982-02-09 Hanson Industries Incorporated Removable, adjustable, foot-supporting and foot-positioning, orthopedic inserts for use in athletic footwear
US4638576A (en) * 1985-04-24 1987-01-27 Converse Inc. Athletic shoe with external counter and cushion assembly
US4852275A (en) * 1986-09-25 1989-08-01 Highland Import Corporation Shoe having a rigid back part
US5218773A (en) * 1989-01-11 1993-06-15 Stanley Beekman Torsionally stabilized athletic shoe
US5678330A (en) * 1989-06-21 1997-10-21 Nki-Tm, Inc. Shoe with integral ankle support and improved ankle brace apparatus
US5177884A (en) * 1989-09-07 1993-01-12 Salomon S.A. Cross-country ski shoe
IT229227Y1 (it) * 1992-03-20 1998-07-02 Alpine Stars Spa Struttura di dispositivo di supporto particolarmente per stivali da motociclismo
FR2697728B1 (fr) * 1992-11-06 1995-01-13 Salomon Sa Chaussure destinée à la pratique d'un sport de glisse.
FR2702935B1 (fr) * 1993-03-24 1995-06-09 Salomon Sa Chaussure pour sport de glisse.
FR2711896B1 (fr) * 1993-11-04 1995-12-22 Salomon Sa Chaussure de sport à doublure au moins partiellement élastique.
FR2743988B1 (fr) * 1996-01-30 1998-03-20 Salomon Sa Chaussure de sport

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3807062A (en) 1971-01-22 1974-04-30 Karku Sport Ab Athletic boot
US4287675A (en) 1980-01-17 1981-09-08 New Balance Athletic Shoe, Inc. Counter for athletic shoe
EP0257496A2 (de) 1986-08-28 1988-03-02 PUMA Aktiengesellschaft Rudolf Dassler Sport Fersenkappe für einen Schuh, insbesondere Sportschuh
US4704808A (en) 1986-09-25 1987-11-10 Highland Import Corporation Shoe having a rigid back part and flexible forepart
EP0309437A2 (de) 1987-09-24 1989-03-29 Hartjes Fussform-Schuh Kg Sportschuh

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2976161A1 (fr) * 2011-06-09 2012-12-14 Salomon Sas Chaussure a tige ameliore.
EP2532261A3 (de) * 2011-06-09 2013-02-20 Salomon S.A.S. Schuh mit verbessertem Schaft

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2743988B1 (fr) 1998-03-20
CA2195499A1 (fr) 1997-07-31
DE69622015T2 (de) 2002-11-28
US6076286A (en) 2000-06-20
DE69632927T2 (de) 2005-07-28
CZ289312B6 (cs) 2001-12-12
CZ28297A3 (en) 1997-08-13
EP1166668A3 (de) 2002-01-16
ATE270830T1 (de) 2004-07-15
ATE219636T1 (de) 2002-07-15
DE69632927D1 (de) 2004-08-19
NO970275L (no) 1997-07-31
EP1166668B1 (de) 2004-07-14
EP0787441B1 (de) 2002-06-26
NO310092B1 (no) 2001-05-21
DE69622015D1 (de) 2002-08-01
US5884420A (en) 1999-03-23
EP0787441A1 (de) 1997-08-06
FR2743988A1 (fr) 1997-08-01
NO970275D0 (no) 1997-01-22

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