EP1144317A1

EP1144317A1 - Device for the aerobic microbiological treatment of waste water

Info

Publication number: EP1144317A1
Application number: EP99968377A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Wolfgang Lühr
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1998-12-29
Filing date: 1999-12-23
Publication date: 2001-10-17
Anticipated expiration: 2019-12-23
Also published as: HUP0104833A2; WO2000039033A1; EP1144317B1; CZ20012415A3; CN1335824A; SK9322001A3; CA2356903A1; EE04396B1; RU2238913C2; US6585886B1; CN1191205C; SK283887B6; UA61157C2; CZ296146B6; EE200100353A; PL348600A1; DE19860942C1; DE59902504D1; ATE222882T1; TR200101908T2

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for the aerobic microbiological treatment of waste water, comprising a reactor which contains biomass and has an upper reactor chamber and a lower reactor chamber. The waste water for cleaning is conveyed via a waste water delivery pipe (1) into the upper reactor chamber, where it is mixed with a proportion of the biomass and accommodated. A filtering and aerating unit (6) consisting of at least one porous hollow body (7) which serves as a membrane adjoins the reactor. Said hollow body creates a free cross-section for the through-flow of the water and biomass and the cavity of the at least one hollow body (7) can be connected to a gas source and to an outlet (10) for filtered clarified water. The at least one hollow body (7) serves as an aeration element during the aeration process and as a filtering element during the filtering process.

Description

Device for aerobic microbiological treatment of waste water

The invention relates to a device for aerobic microbiological treatment of waste water by producing a biodispersion.

Aerobic microorganisms must be supplied with oxygen dissolved in water so that they can convert and "mineralize" the "dirt sources" contained in the wastewater through breathing. With a large supply of the convertible water constituents and sufficient dissolved oxygen in the wastewater, the microbiological respiration takes place as so-called "multiplication breathing", whereby microorganisms multiply by division and can therefore degrade the high supply. If the supply is low, the microorganisms switch to "life support breathing", in which only a small amount of conversion is carried out. According to the state of the art, technologies are used which result in increased respiration, since high degradation rates are to be achieved in the reactors. However, this multiplication breathing brings with it the main technological problem of wastewater treatment, which is that a great deal of sewage sludge is produced, which can only be disposed of in a very costly manner.

The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a device for aerobic microbiological treatment of waste water in which only a relatively small amount of sewage sludge is produced, while at the same time maintaining a high degree of efficiency and achieving clear water of good quality and ensuring a simple structure of the device should be adaptable to different amounts of wastewater.

This object is achieved by the features of the main claim.

The fact that the device according to the invention has a filter and ventilation unit arranged in the lower part of the reactor, which consists of porous hollow bodies which are arranged one above the other and serve as membranes, provides a bio-membrane reactor which reduces the sewage sludge problem by the fact that Microfiltration the microorganisms are retained in the bio-membrane reactor and the resulting respiratory stress for the microorganisms is due to the fact that, although there is sufficient oxygen available, the C source is not sufficient so that they have to deal with the metabolism, leads to life support breathing. Life support breathing requires one lower metabolism, but this is made up for by the higher microbiological density, so that a total degradation per m ^{2 of} reactor is achieved as in the multiplying breathing. The microorganisms and water contents penetrating into the pores of the porous membranes during microfiltration are rinsed out again during the aeration, which takes place suddenly, so that very long membrane sides are possible. Due to the changing ventilation and microfiltration process, the porous hollow bodies, which each serve as a membrane, are used in both directions.

In addition to reducing biomass, i.e. The wastewater of the sewage sludge is treated by microfiltration in such a way that it meets the legal requirements for trickling on site and for direct discharge, which means that decentralized wastewater treatment can be made available and the water cycle can be closed, particularly in rural communities.

Due to the stacked porous hollow bodies serving as membranes, the micropores of which are evenly distributed over the cross-section of the reactor, a targeted and economical introduction of oxygen is possible at any point across the cross-section, so that there is no undersupply of oxygen and the microorganisms remain alive. After microfiltration, clear water of a quality is achieved which enables reuse in production for process water, etc.

Advantageous further developments and improvements are possible through the measures specified in the subclaims. It is particularly advantageous that at Provide either several reactors or at least two filter and ventilation units, which vent and filter each other, continuous operation is possible.

By controlling the aeration process, but not by the signals from the oxygen measuring device and the pressure measuring device in the reactor collecting space, the desired admission pressure for the microfiltration can be set and the reactor residence time of the waste water can be determined.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are explained in more detail in the description below.

Show it

FIG. 1 shows the schematic structure of a device according to the invention in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 2 shows the schematic representation of several reactors working in parallel,

Figure 3 shows a device corresponding to Figure 1

Flow control valves for continuous water supply operation in overpressure

Figure 4 shows a reactor with 2 filter and ventilation units, and

Figure 5 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a porous hollow body.

The aerobic device shown in Figure 1 Microbiological treatment of waste water has, as an essential component, a reactor 100 which is connected to a waste water feed line 1 which opens into the upper part of the reactor 100, which forms a collecting space or reaction space 4. A filter and ventilation or gassing unit 6 is connected via a first flange part 5 to the collecting space 4 and is connected via a second flange part 8 to a reactor drain line 11 which is controlled by a solenoid valve 11a and which is used to discharge material and is used for cleaning.

The filter and ventilation unit 6 consists of individual stacked hollow bodies 7, which are disc-shaped and which are made of porous material, preferably a porous ceramic material. The disk-shaped membrane parts or hollow bodies 7 are bordered by two connection heads βa, 6b, and are held together by tie rods βc.

FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a membrane part or hollow body 7 which can be used in the device according to FIG. 1. The hollow body consists of an outer ring 24, an inner ring 26, webs 27 arranged between the inner ring 26 and outer ring 24, and projections 22 with through holes 28 formed on the outer ring 24. An outer ring channel 25 is formed in the outer ring 24, which is indicated by the dashed lines . In the same way, the webs 27 are hollow and have the web channels 23 indicated by dashed lines. The openings 28 can be selectively connected to the outer ring channel 25 via regions 29 to be broken out. The inner ring 26 can also have an inner ring channel. In the illustrated embodiment points the hollow body has a central through opening, but this does not have to be provided, for example a hollow connecting part can connect the webs 27 to one another. In the exemplary embodiment shown, six webs 27 and six lugs 22 are provided, but more or less can be formed from both. In FIG. 5, the hollow body is round, of course it can also be square and the through holes 28 can be formed in the square body. The webs can also have other shapes, but in principle an even distribution over the cross section should be provided.

The filter and ventilation unit 6 shown in Figure 1 consists of the membrane bodies 7 shown in Figure 5, which are preferably arranged one above the other offset. They are offset from one another in such a way that at least one channel 7c formed by the through openings 28 is produced, two channels 7c being provided in FIG. One channel 7c is connected via the first flange part 5 to a compressed air or oxygen line 9, in which a solenoid valve 9a, which can be part of a control valve, is arranged, while the second channel 7c is connected to a drain line 10 arranged on the second flange part 8 Clear water is connected, in which a solenoid valve 10a is also arranged.

An oxygen probe 15 for measuring the oxygen content and a level switch designed as a float 3 are provided in the collecting or reactor space 4. Furthermore, a pressure sensor 2a for measuring the internal pressure in the reactor space 4 is provided. In order to utilize the heat of the clear water emerging via the discharge line 10, a heat exchanger 16 is provided in the waste water supply line 1, which preferably also consists of hollow bodies according to FIG. 5, but which are not porous, the feed line 1 being connected to the flanges enclosing the hollow bodies and the wastewater flows between the webs and the clear water flows in the cavities and releases its heat to the wastewater.

Furthermore, a pH value sensor 17b for measuring the pH value of the waste water and a mixing device 17 with corresponding control and valve arrangements 17a are provided in or on the waste water supply line 1. The mixing device can, as shown, consist of porous hollow bodies and be constructed in the same way as the filter and ventilation unit 6.

Finally, the reactor 100 is connected to an exhaust air line 12 with valves 12a, an absorption reactor 13 being used in the exhaust air line to remove odors. For this purpose, the absorption reactor with an inlet line 14 for

Tap water connected. The absorption reactor 13 is also constructed like the filter and ventilation unit 6, the exhaust air flowing between the webs of the porous hollow bodies and the water flowing in the cavities.

The filter and ventilation unit 6, which consists of the porous-ceramic hollow bodies 7, is sealed to the outside by a glaze or a sealing coating, or the entire arrangement is accommodated in a sealing housing. Furthermore can the filter and ventilation unit 6 can be designed with an additional cleaning channel 7a, which is connected to a line controlled by a valve 7b for supplying cleaning agent.

To fill the reactor 100 with wastewater, the wastewater is fed via the feed line 1 into the reactor chamber 4, in which there is biomass that mixes with the wastewater. With many industrial wastewaters, it is necessary to check the pH of the wastewater and, if necessary, to neutralize it by adding hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide solution. The pH value is measured via the probe 17b and, if necessary, the necessary liquid is metered in via the control fitting 17a and the reactor 17. During the filling phase, the valve 12a is also opened, so that the air displaced by the waste water can escape from the reaction chamber 4. In the filling process, the valves 9a, 10a and 11a are closed. The reaction chamber is filled with wastewater until the float switch 3 switches off the wastewater pump (not shown), a control device being provided for the corresponding control processes, which receives the signals from the various measuring devices and controls the valves or other control instruments accordingly and / or regulates. When the filling process is complete, valve la, which is preferably designed as a solenoid valve, is also closed, so that only valve 12 is still open.

The exhaust air from the reactor room 4 is mixed with odorous substances and aerosols. So that these do not get into the environment, the absorption reactor 13 is provided, which, as mentioned, consists of porous-ceramic hollow chamber elements. Tap water is supplied via the feed line 14, which is on the surface of the porous ceramic membranes form a water film, on which the odorous substances and aerosols are deposited. The loaded water drips back into the reactor. When filling with waste water, while the exhaust air can escape via the exhaust air line 12, the corresponding valve of the inlet line 14 is opened for tap water, so that the porous-ceramic elements of the absorption reactor 13 are wetted with the absorption liquid, which is always renewed.

After the reactor space 4 has been filled, the aeration process is initiated, the valve 9a being opened and the channel 7c being supplied with a pressurized gas source, i.e. Compressed air or oxygen is connected. The compressed air is suddenly distributed over all the membrane elements 7 via the channel 7c and escapes through the micropores of these elements, the biomass deposited on the surface of the membrane elements 7 being blown away from the surface. The oxygen or air becomes uniform, i.e. introduced in a uniform distribution over the cross-sectional area of the reactor into the water surrounding the membrane elements 7 and rises upwards into the reactor space 4. The oxygen content is measured via the oxygen probe 15 and the oxygen or air is supplied until a desired oxygen value is reached.

Then the valve 12a is closed so that the air can no longer escape and it forms

Air cushions 2 in the reactor interior 5. The internal pressure in the reactor space 4 is crucial for the filtration, the membrane pore size naturally playing a role, which can be adapted to the parameters of the waste water to be filtered. The higher the admission pressure, ie the pressure in the reactor space 4 the greater the filtration capacity. When the pressure in the reactor interior 4, ie the pressure in the air cushion 2, reaches a certain value at the pressure sensor 2, the valve 9a is closed, so that no more air or oxygen gets into the filter and ventilation unit 6.

The filtering process now follows, in which the direction of action of the membrane body 7 is reversed to the direction of ventilation. For microfiltration, the valve 10a is opened and the pressure in the reactor is reduced via the hollow bodies 7, which now act as filters, clear water reaching the heat exchanger 16 via the channel 7c and the line 10.

When the pressure equalization has taken place, the solenoid valve 10a is closed and the process starts again.

The drain line 11 is used to empty the reactor, the solenoid valve 11a being opened. This drain 11 can also be used to clean the reactor, with detergents, i.e. Acid or alkali are introduced into the reactor and are let out via the outlet 11. Steam can also be used, for example for sterilization. This cleaning process can, however, also be integrated with the inflow channel 7a via the inlet, the connection fitting 7b being connected to the connection head 6a. The number of membrane or hollow body elements 7 depends on the ceramic membrane surface to be installed and its filtration and fumigation or ventilation performance.

In Figure 2, a plurality of reactors 100 are provided, which are arranged in parallel, but the Process states and the process flow can be different. The reactor rooms 4 are each connected to a wastewater supply line 1 and an outlet line 10 for the clear water and to a supply line 9 for air or oxygen. With this arrangement, continuous operation can be realized.

FIG. 3 shows a reactor 100 for the continuous water supply operation in excess pressure. Flow control fittings 18 are installed in the exhaust air line 12, in the outlet 10, in the waste water supply line 1 and in the compressed air line 9, which allow a reactor mode of operation in a certain pressure range. This operation requires more control effort, but brings a higher performance, since the oxygen saturation limit is raised with increasing water pressure, so that more oxygen is available to the microorganisms.

FIG. 4 shows two filter and ventilation units 6, which are alternately switched between the ventilation process and the filter process. For this purpose, a switch fitting 20 is provided in the compressed air line 9, via which the compressed air is switched between the upper filter and ventilation unit and the lower filter and ventilation unit. Here, too, the reactor is operated continuously under excess pressure, the membrane or hollow body elements of the corresponding unit being used once as aeration and then as microfiltration when the corresponding solenoid valve 10a or 10b is open, so that the membranes are clogged here too is minimized by back ventilation.

The ceramic mixing and contact surfaces of the hollow Bodies can be coated with catalysts or enzymes without losing porosity. The enzymes are used to break down or crack proteins in the wastewater. An example of the catalysts is the introduction of hydrogen peroxide for the oxidation or reduction of hydrocarbons (also halogenated hydrocarbons) in the waste water with a catalytically active coating of the ceramic membrane on the inside of the reactor with manganese oxide, in which

Oxygen and hydrogen radicals are formed.

Such a catalytic stage can also be connected upstream in the water supply, like the pH control.

The device according to the invention can also be used, for example, as a mini sewage treatment plant for toilet facilities or individual toilets of camping sites, buses, ships, airplanes, trains or the like. Here, the device can additionally have a comminution pump for comminuting solids, the hollow bodies then being able to have a central bore or an inner ring so that a shaft drive can be installed.

Claims

claims

1. Apparatus for aerobic microbiological treatment of wastewater with a biomass-containing reactor which has an upper and a lower reactor space, the wastewater to be cleaned being able to be fed into the upper reactor space via a wastewater feed line (1) and being mixed with part of the biomass, and a filter and ventilation unit (6) is then arranged, which consists of at least one porous hollow body (7) serving as a membrane, which leaves a flow cross-section for water and biomass, the cavity of the at least one hollow body (7) a gas source and can be connected to an outlet (10) for filtered clear water and the at least one hollow body (7) serves as a ventilation element during the aeration process and as a filter element during the filtering process.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow body (7) as a disc-shaped element with openings for the

Flow of water and biomass is formed, the element having at least one opening for the inflow of gas from the gas source or for the outflow of the filtered clear water.

3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a plurality of hollow bodies (6) are arranged one above the other and the cavities of the hollow bodies are connected to one another.

4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each hollow body (7) has at least one through hole (28) which is connected to the cavity (25), wherein the through holes of the hollow body (7) are interconnected and Form at least one channel (7c) which is connected to the gas source and / or the outlet for filtered clear water.

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that each hollow body (7) has an outer ring (24) with an outer ring channel (25) and a plurality of from the outer ring (24) inwardly extending webs (27) , wherein the cavities (23) of the webs (27) are connected to the outer ring channel (25) and that on or in the outer ring (24) the at least one through hole (28) is arranged, which is connected to the outer ring channel (25) .

6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the gas source

Compressed gas source is.

7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a measuring device (15) for measuring the oxygen content is arranged in the reactor chamber (4), depending on

Oxygen content, the opening time of a valve (9a) can be controlled, via which the filter and ventilation unit (6) is connected to the gas source.

8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a pressure measuring device (2a) is provided on or in the reactor chamber (4), via which the form for the Filtra- tion is adjustable by the filter and ventilation unit (6).

9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a heat exchanger (16) is arranged in the waste water inlet line (1), which is connected to the outlet (10) for the filtered clear water.

10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that with the reactor chamber (4) an exhaust air line (12) is connected, in which an absorption reactor (13) is provided for the precipitation of odorous substances and aerosols.

11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a measuring device on or in the waste water supply line (1)

(17b) for measuring the pH value and a device (17) for mixing in substances for pH value regulation, depending on the measured values.

12. The device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the filter and ventilation unit has a cleaning channel (7a) for supplying a cleaning medium.

13. The device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that in the waste water supply line (1) and / or the exhaust air line (12) and / or the outlet (10) for clear water and / or a connecting line (9) to the gas source flow control devices are provided.

14. The device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that at least two fil- ter and ventilation units (6) are provided, each of which alternately serve for filtration and ventilation, a switchover device (20) for switching the gas supply from the one to the other filter and ventilation unit (6) and vice versa being provided.

15. The device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that a control and regulating device is provided, which depends on the measured values of the measuring devices for measuring the oxygen content (15) of the pressure (2a) and / or the pH value ( 17b) and the flow control devices (18) controls and regulates the waste water supply, the gas supply, the metering for pH value regulation and / or the residence times of the waste water in continuous or discontinuous mode of operation.

16. The device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the inner and / or outer surfaces of the hollow body with enzymes and / or

Catalysts are coated.

17. The device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the heat exchanger (16) and / or the absorption reactor (13) and / or the device for mixing (17)

Hollow bodies exist, the hollow bodies of the heat exchanger being non-porous.