EP1002738B1 - Storage and transport unit for insulating elements - Google Patents

Abstract

A storage and transport unit consists of a stack of plate shaped insulating material elements made of mineral fibers, and a water porous sleeve in the form of a film or membrane which covers the top of the stack, the side walls and the base. A storage and transport unit consists of a stack of plate shaped insulating material elements made of mineral fibers, especially rock wool, and a sleeve which covers the top of the stack, the side walls and the base. The sleeve (16) consists of a water vapor porous material in the form of a film, fleece or membrane, and the sleeve has support members (4,5) which act as spacers.

Description

The invention relates to a storage and transport unit consisting of at least one stack of plate-shaped insulating elements made of mineral fibers, especially rockwool and / or glass fibers, and a sheath, which at least on the surface and the side surfaces of Stack and preferably also applied to the bottom of the stack.

Such a storage and transport unit is e.g. from document DE-A-29620646

The effect of thermal insulation is based on a high internal level Porosity, therefore, on a large number of fine and finest pores in the insulating material. There are known insulating materials, by nature are hydrophilic and thus by their open or continuous pores Water capillary or via internal condensation of water vapor record and mostly evenly inside the insulating material to distribute. The inclusion of water in the insulating material but can Damping ability of the insulating material adversely affect.

In insulating materials made of rigid plastic foams, for example, from expanded Polystyrene, the capillary absorbency is very low. The recording Water is predominantly used in these insulating materials via the vapor phase with subsequent condensation of the water in the cavities. The absorption of water vapor is relatively slow. On the other hand, a drying out of such polluted with water Insulating materials under construction conditions also very slowly.

Cellulose fiber insulation absorbs moisture both in the fiber structure as well as via adhesion to the fibers or capillary between densely packed fibers. The capillary suction is parallel to the Fibers significantly higher than at right angles to the fiber's longitudinal axes.

The still known insulating materials, namely the mineral wool insulation materials consist of glass and / or rock wool fibers, the Glass fibers with average diameters of about 2 to 5 microns with phenol-formaldehyde-urea resins are selectively tied. The binder amounts be used in those used for the thermal insulation of buildings Insulating materials about 2 to 8% by mass. A hydrophobicity of the fibers is made up of oil additives in the order of between 0.2 and 0.4% by weight achieved, so that with a uniform binder distribution these mineral wool insulation materials made of fine glass fibers in the direction of Einzelfasem only are low capillary water absorbent. But it is almost impossible that the binder distribution throughout the insulating material evenly. Furthermore, the impregnation by the oil additives not uniform over the entire volume. As a result, Water can be absorbed capillary at the points of the insulating material or steam, at which the fibers agglomerate, i.e. in areas where the fibers are not mixed with oils or others Substances are impregnated. In known mineral wool insulation materials made of glass fibers, for example, in thermal insulation systems or find use in flat roof constructions, a relative Humidity in the pores of the insulating material> 80% can be achieved, whereby the glass fibers are attacked by water vapor and condensation. A long-lasting moisture load leads to these insulating materials a weakening of the binder. The causes for this are in the relatively low chemical stability of the glasses used. such Glasses are described for example in DE-A 196 14 572.

Fibers with a higher biosolubility are known, for example, from EP-A-0 711 258 known. These glass fibers are produced from glass melts, which work well with conventional shredding machines to let. In this case, a sufficient moisture resistance is achieved, which is determined in a standard procedure. In this method is Glass grit with approx. 360 to 400 μm diameter for five hours in water boiled and then determines the dissolved substance.

In addition to glass fibers are used for the production of insulating materials as well Rock wool fibers used. The biosolubility of the known rock wool fibers is at a pH of 7.5 at a dissolution rate of about 2 nm / day. If the pH drops to 4.5, the dissolution rate is 3 nm / day. But there are also rock wool fiber compositions known in which the above values are 2 to 5 times in the basic Range and increase 10 to 20 times in the acidic range. When Measure of the bio-resistance is the half-life of fine fibers after intratrachealer Instillation into the respiratory tract of rats. For glass fibers are the half-lives of> 200 days meanwhile reduced to <40 days Service. In the so-called bio-soluble rock wool fibers the half-lives of about 270 days were <60, in particular < Depressed for 40 days. Even if the half-life of the individual fibers no direct measure of the serviceability of mineral wool insulation materials are, as it is very likely be that the sensitivity of the glass fibers to chemical Corrosion has risen 4 to 6 times.

The mixtures of phenolic resins used in fiber insulating materials and Urea-formaldehyde resins are primarily from a cost point of view and due to a favorable fire behavior of the nitrogen-containing Connections selected. However, it is known that in particular Urea-formaldehyde resins tend to hydrolyze.

Due to the foregoing, it can be seen that the reduced Resistance to the production of mineral wool insulation materials glasses used and the relatively unstable binder cause that the fiber insulation damaged under hydromechanical loads can be. Of course, these compositions are the fiber insulation not only with respect to the attack of water, but also with regard to other chemical attacks only conditionally resistant.

It should be added that fiber insulation exposed to mechanical stress are. These loads occur, for example, in the form of internal Tensions caused by the partly high compression and extreme Deformation of the fiber masses are induced. A long period and high hydrothermal loads can be more or less pronounced Relaxation processes that lead as significant strength losses are measurable. Mechanically stressed, highly compressed mineral wool insulation materials are therefore only briefly storable, so that they so fast as far as possible for their intended use the strength values achieved during manufacture also during take advantage of the installation phase, which often causes the heaviest load to be able to.

In addition to the mechanical loads described above occur hydromechanical loads even during the use phase the insulation materials. The simultaneous occurrence of both the mechanical as well as the hydromechanical loads is of special importance negative meaning. In usual use is with a hydromechanical Load of insulating materials by water vapor or under Condensation in the surface areas of the insulating materials to expected. At only low hydromechanical loads occur in the Usually no damage. It should be noted that hydrothermal Stress of a thermally insulated component, for example of a house during one day or different during the year are. The different load of fiber insulation Moisture also has an alternating mechanical stress on it Fiber insulation results. For example, it is known that moist and thus weakened resin films in the dry state partially but can not regenerate the original strength values more can be achieved. A constant change of hydromechanical Burdens of fiber insulation thus leads to a continuous Loss of strength in the course of an aging process.

In the case of roof insulation panels, the mechanical stress is experienced in the installation phase and / or during a longer storage phase on strongest. The same applies to insulation boards used in external thermal insulation systems be claimed on dead load and wind load. But they are also other loads which weaken the mechanical properties, For example, in the production of fiber insulation known. So are in the production of sandwich panels made of wood wool lightweight panels these wood wool lightweight panels in a formwork under Pressure stored in an extremely humid environment until a Portland cement has achieved sufficient strength and a sandwich element can be removed from the mold. Such sandwich elements are, for example mounted under storey ceilings. The fiber element must in this case the Own weight and the weight of an applied plaster layer wear.

As stated above, leads to a longer storage of mineral fiber insulation to strength losses. This is especially true if high-density mineral fiber insulation materials for a long time at elevated relative humidity and stored in vapor-tight packaging become. Such storage times occur, for example, with the manufacturers of mineral fiber insulation, if seasonally dependent Demand fluctuations on the part of production are not balanced become. Consequently, longer storage times, for example, in the Winter or spring occur because in these seasons a lower Demand for mineral wool insulating materials. A constant Utilization of the production facilities thus leads to a longer storage time as a result of periodic construction activity, the mineral fiber insulating materials have to be stored outdoors for months. To storage volume to save, are just mass-intensive, high-density and burdened by stacking the transport units more heavily Insulating materials included in this storage phase. Similar conditions But not only with the manufacturers in the course of the periodic Construction activity, but also on construction sites, at dealers or at long Ship transport on. To protect the mineral fiber insulation materials This provided with a complete package, in particular a To provide protection against the weather. Such packaging consist of enclosures, which are mostly made of polyolefin, in particular Polyethylene films exist. Polyethylene films with thicknesses d ≥ 0.1 mm according to DIN V 4108-4 have a water vapor diffusion resistance number μ of 100 000 on. This results in a diffusion-equivalent Air layer thickness as a product of the material thickness with the Water vapor diffusion resistance number of about 100 m. The used Films are thus clearly water vapor-retarding. As a result, they can also be used in construction as vapor barriers. There Such packaging films usually in thicknesses of about 60 to 100 μm are used and even at lower film thicknesses the above to set said water vapor diffusion resistance coefficient μ is, the packaging films reach blocking values of 6 to 100 m. Because the thin films for reasons of strength for larger packaging units or stacking in multiple layers must be applied increased the water vapor impermeability continues. A complete serving a stack of mineral fiber insulation panels leads to temperature increases, for example, during intensive heating by sunlight in the existing between the film and the insulating material Room for a rise in temperature to relatively high levels. One Resulting temperature difference between the outside temperature and the interior of the package leads first to a Water vapor partial pressure gradient inside the stack of mineral fiber insulation panels. At the same time, a water vapor partial pressure gradient is created towards the surroundings of the insulating material stack, which water vapor partial pressure gradient represents a driving force, so that water vapor through unavoidable leaks or through open areas the packaging (bearing surfaces on pallets) in the areas with the highest saturation pressures diffused. At weakening of the outside temperature it quickly comes to a condensation on the inside the packaging film. Repeating the warming will Condensation usually does not evaporate, but remains in liquid Shape in the packaging. This leads to an increased failure of condensation, so that with regular repetition of warming water through the daily cycle of insulation stacks inflated. Since the condensation in the insulation package even with reversal of the water vapor partial pressure gradient do not diffuse outwards can, the air in diffusion-open insulation materials has a relative humidity from> 80% up. On the surfaces of mineral fiber insulation boards there is condensation, which of the Mineralfaserdämmstoffplatten is at least partially absorbed. Under unfavorable circumstances the mineral fiber insulation panels completely take the dew water on.

In the same way, the storage and transport units in question here can due to damage to the packaging films rainwater take up. Rainwater has due to the pollution of the Air may have ph values between 1 and 5, so the surfaces the mineral fiber insulating panels, which in the acidic medium very sensitive mineral fibers consist of the inclusion of rainwater can be significantly weakened. The bond with in the processing of Mineralfaserdämmstoffplatten usual Glue or plaster jobs can be reduced thereby.

Based on the above-described prior art The invention is based on the object, a storage and transport unit in such a way that hydromechanical loads of Insulating elements, in particular insulating panels substantially avoided, at least reduced.

The solution to this problem provides that the envelope consists of a water vapor permeable material in the form of a film, a nonwoven fabric and / or a membrane and that the envelope has support bodies in the area of the contact surfaces, which serve as spacers.

In such a storage and transport unit is ensured that the condensation water collected during heating within the storage and transport unit is discharged. For this purpose is a serving provided, on the one hand, a diffusion of the condensation water from the inside allows the storage and transport unit in the environment and on the other hand penetration of, for example, rainwater into the storage and transport unit prevented. The envelope is thus semipermeable trained and prevented the disadvantages described above known wrappings, so that in the storage and transport unit arranged insulating elements before hydromechanical loads and damage are protected.

Figur 1

eine Seitenansicht eines Stapels aus Dämmstoffplatten mit zwei untergelegten Auflagekörpern;

Figur 2

eine Seitenansicht gemäß Figur 1 jedoch mit zwei Gurten und

Figur 3

eine Seitenansicht gemäß Figur 1, jedoch mit einer anderen Ausgestaltung des Auflagekörpers und einer anderen Ausgestaltung einer Umhüllung.

Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and / or the following description of the accompanying drawings in which preferred embodiments of a storage and transport unit according to the invention are shown. In the drawing show:

FIG. 1

a side view of a stack of insulating panels with two underlying support bodies;

FIG. 2

a side view of Figure 1 but with two straps and

FIG. 3

a side view of Figure 1, but with another embodiment of the support body and another embodiment of a wrapper.

In Figure 1 is a storage and transport unit consisting of a stack 1 plate-shaped insulating elements 2 shown in mineral fibers. The plate-shaped insulating elements 2 are horizontally one above the other piled up. At the bottom of the stack 1 are two support body. 4 and 5 provided, which can be used for insulation purposes material consist. The support body 4, 5 have a rectangular cross-section and the height 8 of the support body corresponds advantageously about the thickness of an insulating plate 2, 3 of the stack lying on the first

The stack 1 is together with the support bodies 4, 5 of a sheath 16 surrounded by a water vapor permeable material in Form of a film. The envelope 16 is located both on the side surfaces the insulating panels 2, 3, as well as on the surface of the insulation board 2 and the footprints of the support body 4, 5 at. As a foil for the envelope 16, a film of polyamide is used. alternative For example, films of polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and / or polyester may be provided be.

In the area of the side surfaces of the insulating panels 2, 3, the enclosure 16 slots 17 through which condensation from inside the Storage and transport unit can escape to the outside. The slots 17 are not shown by covering elements in the form of film strips or fleece strips covered.

Figure 2 shows over the figure 1, an envelope 16, which serves as a hood is trained. In addition, the embodiment differs according to the embodiment of Figure 1 in that Each support body 4, 5 by a respective belt 6 and 7 with the stack. 1 is connected, in such a way that both the stack and the support body each of a common belt 6, 7 are wrapped. Appropriately Way are the two support body 4, 5, as shown, across the Longitudinal extent of the stack 1, i. perpendicular to the image plane of the figures 1 and 2, and spaced from each other at the bottom of the stack with a certain height 8 arranged so that the support body over extend the entire width of the stack. For an even distribution the weight of the stack 1 on the two support body 4, 5 to reach, the distance between the inner edges of the support body 4, 5 voneinader chosen about twice as large as the distance between the outer edges the support body 4, 5 from the adjacent edges of the stack. 1

In the embodiment of Figure 1 and Figure 2, the insulation boards 2, 3 horizontally stacked. It also exists the possibility of the insulating panels 2, 3 perpendicular to each other, ie to arrange parallel to the image plane of Figure 2. Preferably, both exist the stacked insulation panels 2, 3 and the support body 4, 5 of mineral wool, preferably rockwool.

The belts 6, 7 may consist of a film or a non-woven fabric, as far as the straps 6, 7 have sufficient tensile strength, the one Connection of the insulating panels 2, 3 and the support body 4, 5 allow. The use of a film has the advantage that the film when wrapping the stack and the support body 4, 5 tightly applies and that, for example, a shrinkage process by heat treatment unnecessary. Usable here are conventional films with a relative small thickness of usually less than 20 microns. Greater stability of the Belts 6, 7 can be achieved, for example, that the films in Multiple layers 11, 12 (Figure 3) are arranged. The multiple layers are formed by multiple wrapping of the stack 1. To this Way greater strength and transport safety is achieved, for the Case that during transport of the transport unit minor damage, how small tears in the outer film layer arise. in principle but it can be said that the films u.a. the essential Advantage that they arrange the storage and transport unit allow a sufficiently high strength of the like, wherein essential portions of the insulating panels 2, 3 are not of the sheet material the straps 6, 7 are covered, so that in these areas the Insulating panels 2, 3 can give off moisture, which then by the Envelope 16 diffused into the environment.

The envelope 16 shown in Figure 2 is the footprint of the Stack 1 open, so that also on this open side water vapor the storage and transport unit can escape.

In contrast to FIG. 2, FIG. 3 shows a storage and transport unit, in which the envelope 16 in turn on all side surfaces, the surface and the footprints of the stack 1 is applied. Continue to differ the support body 4, 5 of the embodiment according to Figure 2 in that the support body of a number close together arranged single body composed of square cross-section are. These individual bodies are longitudinal and diagonal cut to triangular bodies 13, 14. The perpendicular to the image plane extending cut surface is provided with the reference numeral 15. The The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments. Rather, many changes are possible without the scope of protection to leave the invention. For example, the support body 4, 5 made of soft rubber, air-filled cushions, hard foam, wood or the like consist. They can be strip-shaped or lobed. At Spot of the films mentioned can also nonwovens, especially nonwoven fabrics with fibers of polyester, polyolefins, polyamide and / or mixtures thereof be used. These fibers of the fiber webs are with binders, such as polyacrylate, styrene polymers, polynitrile butadiene, polyurethane or the like. The envelope 16 may be formed in several parts be, with the individual parts of the envelope 16 together are connectable, in particular glued, welded and / or sewn are. But it is also conceivable that the parts of the enclosure 16 releasably connected to each other.

Claims (24)

1. Storage and transport unit consisting of at least one stack of plate-like insulating elements made of mineral fibres, particularly rock wool and/or glass fibres, and an envelope tightly fitting at least the upper surfaces and the lateral surfaces of said stack and preferably also the lower surface of the stack,
   characterized in that said envelope (16) consists of a steam-permeable material in the form of a foil, a mat and/or a membrane, and that said envelope (16) has supporting bodies (4, 5) serving as spacers in the region of the contact surface.
2. Storage and transport unit according to claim 1,
   characterized in that said supporting bodies (4, 5) consist of pressure-resistant mineral wool elements which are formed in a plate shape, wherein preferably three plate sections are arranged with a distance to each other under the lowermost insulating element.
3. Storage and transport unit according to claim 1,
   characterized in that said supporting bodies (4, 5) are fully coated or at least within the region of an upper surface and the lateral surfaces.
4. Storage and transport unit according to claim 3,
   characterized in that said supporting bodies (4, 5) include a bitumen layer with 100 to 1200 g/m², preferably 200 to 600 g/m².
5. Storage and transport unit according to claim 3,
   characterized in that said supporting bodies (4, 5) are covered with a glass mat or glass fabric, said glass mat or said glass fabric being glued to said supporting bodies (4, 5) by bitumen and being impregnated.
6. Storage and transport unit according to claim 3,
   characterized in that the coating of said supporting bodies (4, 5) consists of webs of bitumen, webs of elastomer bitumen, synthetic roofing webs, synthetic foils and/or the like which are glued to each other and/or glued and/or welded together with said supporting bodies.
7. Storage and transport unit according to claim 1,
   characterized in that said synthetic foils are formed as heat shrinking foils.
8. Storage and transport unit according to the claims 1 to 7,
   characterized in that said supporting bodies (4, 5) are wrapped together with said insulating element resting on said supporting bodies (4, 5).
9. Storage and transport unit according to claim 1,
   characterized in that said supporting bodies (4, 5) are arranged in a moulded plastic basin which has a supporting surface for said insulating element resting on said supporting bodies (4, 5), and receiving recesses for said supporting bodies (4, 5) corresponding in their number and form to at least the number of supporting bodies (4, 5).
10. Storage and transport unit according to claim 9,
    characterized in that said plastic basin receives in addition to said supporting bodies (4, 5) at least the insulating element which is arranged directly above said supporting body (4, 5).
11. Storage and transport unit according to claim 9,
    characterized in that said plastic basin consists of PCV, ABS, PS, cellophane or the like.
12. Storage and transport unit according to the claims 9 to 11,
    characterized in that said plastic basin is at least partially glued together with said supporting bodies (4, 5) and/or said insulating element.
13. Storage and transport unit according to the claims 9 to 12,
    characterized in that said plastic basin is positively and/or non-positively connected to said supporting bodies (4, 5) and/or said insulating element.
14. Storage and transport unit according to the claims 9 to 13,
    characterized in that said plastic basin has outwardly directed fixing portions, e.g. for mounting tensioning belts or the like.
15. Storage and transport unit according to daim 14,
    characterized in that said tensioning belts are captivated to said plastic basin, e.g. by glueing, welding and/or riveting.
16. Storage and transport unit according to the claims 9 to 15,
    characterized in that said plastic basin includes in the lateral edge area means for receiving the compression under load, which means are formed for example as incisions in the corner areas or waved foldings in the longitudinal sides.
17. Storage and transport unit according to claim 14,
    characterized in that said plastic basin includes preferably web-like projections in two oppositely arranged walls, which web-like projections engage in correspondingly formed grooves in the insulating element.
18. Storage and transport unit according to the claims 9 to 17,
    characterized in that said plastic basin includes at least in partial areas inwardly protruding projections which serve for arresting said insulating element and/or said supporting bodies.
19. Storage and transport unit according to the claims 9 to 18,
    characterized in that said plastic basin has stiffening elements, e.g. in the form of wavelike beads, at least in the region of said receiving recesses.
20. Storage and transport unit according to claim 9,
    characterized in that said plastic basin has a preferably continuous rim which is 20 to 100 mm, particularly 20 to 50 mm high.
21. Storage and transport unit according to the claims 9 to 20,
    characterized in that on said stack (1) a cover plate is arranged which includes recesses suitable for receiving a plastic basin of an adjacent stack (1).
22. Storage and transport unit according to claim 21,
    characterized in that said cover plate is formed in a basin-shape and has a preferably continuous rim.
23. Storage and transport unit according to the claims 9 to 22,
    characterized in that said stack (1) is wrapped together with said plastic basin and/or cover plate by a wrapping film.
24. Storage and transport unit according to claim 23,
    characterized in that said wrapping film tightly fits the lateral walls of the insulating elements and the plastic basin as well as the cover plate.

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